Environmental Health[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Correction: Relationship between radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation from cellular phones and brain tumor: meta-analyses using various proxies for RF-EMR exposure-outcome assessment.
Moon J, Kwon J, Mun Y
Environ Health · 2024 Nov · PMID 39533315 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Use of biomarkers of metals to improve prediction performance of cardiovascular disease mortality.
Fansler SD, Bakulski KM, Park SK … +2 more , Walker E, Wang X
Environ Health · 2024 Nov · PMID 39511585 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Whether including additional environmental risk factors improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) prediction is unclear. We attempted to improve CVD mortality prediction performance beyond traditional CVD risk fa...
BACKGROUND: Whether including additional environmental risk factors improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) prediction is unclear. We attempted to improve CVD mortality prediction performance beyond traditional CVD risk factors by additionally using metals measured in the urine and blood and with statistical machine learning methods. METHODS: Our sample included 7,085 U.S. adults aged 40 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004 through 2015-2016, linked with the National Death Index through December 31, 2019. Data were randomly split into a 50/50 training dataset used to construct CVD mortality prediction models (n = 3542) and testing dataset used as validation to assess prediction performance (n = 3543). Relative to the traditional risk factors (age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes), we compared models with an additional 17 blood and urinary metal concentrations. To build the prediction models, we used Cox proportional hazards, elastic-net (ENET) penalized Cox, and random survival forest methods. RESULTS: 420 participants died from CVD with 8.8 mean years of follow-up. Blood lead, cadmium, and mercury were associated (p < 0.005) with CVD mortality. Including these blood metals in a Cox model, initially containing only traditional risk factors, raised the C-index from 0.845 to 0.847. Additionally, the Net Reclassification Index showed that 23% of participants received a more accurate risk prediction. Further inclusion of urinary metals improved risk reclassification but not risk discrimination. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating blood metals slightly improved CVD mortality risk discrimination, while blood and urinary metals enhanced risk reclassification, highlighting their potential utility in improving cardiovascular risk assessments.
Prenatal exposure to air pollution during the early and middle stages of pregnancy is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at ages 1 to 3 years.
Perera F, Miao Y, Ross Z … +6 more , Rauh V, Margolis A, Hoepner L, Riley KW, Herbstman J, Wang S
Environ Health · 2024 Oct · PMID 39478594 · Full text
BACKGROUND: A large body of data shows that fetal brain development is vulnerable to disruption by air pollution experienced by the mother during pregnancy, adversely affecting cognitive and psychomotor capabilities duri...
BACKGROUND: A large body of data shows that fetal brain development is vulnerable to disruption by air pollution experienced by the mother during pregnancy, adversely affecting cognitive and psychomotor capabilities during childhood (De Asis-Cruz et al., Biol Psychiatry 7:480-90, 2022; Morgan ZEM et al., Environ Health 22:11, 2023). This study has sought to identify gestational windows of susceptibility to prenatal exposure to air pollution. METHODS: 470 African American and Latina mother/child pairs participated in a prospective cohort study based in the low-income communities of Northern Manhattan and the South Bronx, New York City. Gestational exposure to respirable particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) was assessed through validated models in relation to cognitive and motor development assessed at ages 1, 2, and 3 years using the Bayley-II Scales. Multiple linear regression models and distributed lag models (DLM) were used to identify critical windows of exposure by trimester and week of pregnancy. RESULTS: By linear regression, average exposures to NO during the first and second trimesters and the entire pregnancy were significantly and negatively associated with the mental developmental index (MDI) at age 1. Average exposures to PM during the second trimester and the entire pregnancy were also significantly, inversely associated with age 1 MDI. No significant associations were found between these exposures and MDI at age 2. NO exposure during the first trimester was significantly negatively associated with MDI at age 3. Using DLM, exposures to NO at lags 29-30 weeks (within the first trimester) and PM at lags 17-18 weeks (second trimester) were significantly and inversely associated with MDI at age 1. Significant, inverse associations were found between exposures to NO at lag 29 weeks and PM at lags 27-29 weeks and children's MDI at age 3. No significant associations were found between psychomotor index (PDI) and prenatal exposures to NO or PM at ages 1, 2 or 3. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding that prenatal exposure to air pollution in the first and second trimesters was associated with lower scores for cognitive development at ages 1 and 3 is of concern because of the potential consequences of these outcomes for long-term functioning. They underscore the need for stronger policies to protect pregnant individuals and offspring, particularly during vulnerable, early life-stage of development.
Prenatal metal exposures and kidney function in adolescence in Project Viva.
Price NF, Lin PD, Cardenas A … +6 more , Rifas-Shiman SL, Zota AR, Hivert MF, Oken E, Aris IM, Sanders AP
Environ Health · 2024 Oct · PMID 39478558 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The developing kidney is vulnerable to prenatal environmental factors such as metal exposure, potentially altering the risk of later-life kidney dysfunction. This study examines the relationship between prena...
BACKGROUND: The developing kidney is vulnerable to prenatal environmental factors such as metal exposure, potentially altering the risk of later-life kidney dysfunction. This study examines the relationship between prenatal metal exposures, individually and as mixtures, and adolescent kidney function in Project Viva, a prospective longitudinal birth cohort in Massachusetts, USA. METHODS: We used data on metals measured in blood during pregnancy including 15 in the first trimester and four in the second trimester. We calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in adolescents (mean: 17.7 years) using cystatin C- (eGFRcys) and creatinine-based (eGFRcreat) equations for children. We used linear regression for single metal analyses, and Bayesian kernel machine regression and quantile-based g-computation for mixture analyses, adjusting for relevant covariates. To account for multiple comparisons in the single metal analyses, we applied the Holm-Bonferroni procedure to control the false discovery rate. RESULTS: This study included 371 participants with first trimester metals and adolescent eGFR, and 256 with second trimester metals. Each doubling in first trimester cadmium concentration was associated with lower adolescent eGFRcys (β:-1.51; 95% CI:-2.83, -0.18). Each doubling in first trimester chromium (β:-1.45; 95% CI:-2.71, -0.19), nickel (β:-1.91; 95% CI:-3.65, -0.16), and vanadium (β:-1.69; 95% CI:-3.21, -0.17) was associated with lower adolescent eGFRcreat. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, p-values for associations between adolescent eGFR and chromium, nickel, vanadium and cadmium did not meet the criteria for significance. Metal mixture analyses did not identify statistically significant associations with adolescent eGFR. CONCLUSIONS: These findings have important implications for future studies investigating the potential mechanisms through which prenatal metal exposures affect long-term kidney health in children.
Dietary bisphenols exposure as an influencing factor of body mass index.
Gálvez-Ontiveros Y, Monteagudo C, Giles-Mancilla M … +7 more , Muros JJ, Almazán V, Martínez-Burgos MA, Samaniego-Sánchez C, Salcedo-Bellido I, Rivas A, Zafra-Gómez A
Environ Health · 2024 Oct · PMID 39472930 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Over the past three decades, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity worldwide. The obesogen hypothesis suggests that certain external agents may affect...
BACKGROUND: Over the past three decades, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity worldwide. The obesogen hypothesis suggests that certain external agents may affect pathways related to fat accumulation and energy balance by stimulating fat cell differentiation and proliferation. Previous research has indicated that exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and some of its analogues may influence fat accumulation by promoting the transformation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. This study aimed to assess the possible contribution of dietary bisphenol exposure to the odds of developing overweight and obesity in a sample of Spanish children according to sex. METHODS: Dietary and anthropometric data were collected from 179 controls and 124 cases schoolchildren aged 3-12 years. Dietary exposure to BPA and bisphenol S (BPS) was assessed using a food consumption frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to assess the influence of dietary exposure to bisphenols on overweight and obesity stratified by sex. RESULTS: For females, cases had significantly higher exposure to BPA from meat and eggs compared to controls (median = 319.55, interquartile range (IQR) = 176.39-381.01 vs 231.79 (IQR) = 162.11-350.19, p-value = 0.046). Diet quality was higher for controls (6.21 (2.14) vs 4.80 (2.24) p < 0.001) among males independently of a high or low exposure to bisphenols. However, higher diet quality was observed for female controls with an high exposure of total bisphenols (6.79 (2.04) vs 5.33 (2.02) p = 0.031). Females exposed to high levels of BPA from meat and eggs had higher likelihood of being overweight and obese (adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.00 - 7.32). However, no consistent associations were found in males. CONCLUSIONS: High BPA levels from meat and eggs were positively associated with overweight and obesity in females. The dietary intake of BPA in the schoolchildren in the present study was much higher than the acceptable daily intake established by EFSA for the last year.
Association of deployment characteristics and exposures with persistent ill health among 1990-1991 Gulf War veterans in the VA Million Veteran Program.
Steele L, Quaden R, Ahmed ST … +10 more , Harrington KM, Duong LM, Ko J, Gifford EJ, Polimanti R, Gaziano JM, Aslan M, Helmer DA, Hauser ER, Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program #2006 and the VA Million Veteran Program
Environ Health · 2024 Oct · PMID 39456027 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Veterans of the 1990-1991 Gulf War have experienced excess health problems, most prominently the multisymptom condition Gulf War illness (GWI). The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Cooperative Studies Prog...
BACKGROUND: Veterans of the 1990-1991 Gulf War have experienced excess health problems, most prominently the multisymptom condition Gulf War illness (GWI). The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Cooperative Studies Program #2006 "Genomics of Gulf War Illness in Veterans" project was established to address important questions concerning pathobiological and genetic aspects of GWI. The current study evaluated patterns of chronic ill health/GWI in the VA Million Veteran Program (MVP) Gulf War veteran cohort in relation to wartime exposures and key features of deployment, 27-30 years after Gulf War service. METHODS: MVP participants who served in the 1990-1991 Gulf War completed the MVP Gulf War Era Survey in 2018-2020. Survey responses provided detailed information on veterans' health, Gulf War exposures, and deployment time periods and locations. Analyses determined associations of three defined GWI/ill health outcomes with Gulf War deployment characteristics and exposures. RESULTS: The final cohort included 14,103 veterans; demographic and military characteristics of the sample were similar to the full population of U.S. 1990-1991 Gulf War veterans. Overall, a substantial number of veterans experienced chronic ill health, as indicated by three defined outcomes: 49% reported their health as fair or poor, 31% met Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for severe GWI, and 20% had been diagnosed with GWI by a healthcare provider. Health outcomes varied consistently with veterans' demographic and military characteristics, and with exposures during deployment. All outcomes were most prevalent among youngest veterans (< 50 years), Army and Marine Corps veterans, enlisted personnel (vs. officers), veterans located in Iraq and/or Kuwait for at least 7 days, and veterans who remained in theater from January/February 1991 through the summer of 1991. In multivariable models, GWI/ill health was most strongly associated with three exposures: chemical/biological warfare agents, taking pyridostigmine bromide pills, and use of skin pesticides. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this large cohort indicate that GWI/chronic ill health continues to affect a large proportion of Gulf War veterans in patterns associated with 1990-1991 Gulf War deployment and exposures. Findings establish a foundation for comprehensive evaluation of genetic factors and deployment exposures in relation to GWI risk and pathobiology.
A preliminary estimate of the environmental burden of disease associated with exposure to pyrethroid insecticides and ADHD in Europe based on human biomonitoring.
Purece A, Thomsen ST, Plass D … +14 more , Spyropoulou A, Machera K, Palmont P, Crépet A, Benchrih R, Devleesschauwer B, Wieland N, Scheepers P, Deepika D, Kumar V, Sanchez G, Bessems J, Piselli D, Buekers J
Environ Health · 2024 Oct · PMID 39443952 · Full text
Human biomonitoring (HBM) data indicate that exposure to pyrethroids is widespread in Europe, with significantly higher exposure observed in children compared to adults. Epidemiological, toxicological, and mechanistic st...
Human biomonitoring (HBM) data indicate that exposure to pyrethroids is widespread in Europe, with significantly higher exposure observed in children compared to adults. Epidemiological, toxicological, and mechanistic studies raise concerns for potential human health effects, particularly, behavioral effects such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children at low levels of exposure. Based on an exposure-response function from a single European study and on available quality-assured and harmonized HBM data collected in France, Germany, Iceland, Switzerland, and Israel, a preliminary estimate of the environmental burden of disease for ADHD associated with pyrethroid exposure was made for individuals aged 0-19 years. The estimated annual number of prevalence-based disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per million inhabitants were 27 DALYs for Israel, 21 DALYs for France, 12 DALYs for both Switzerland and Iceland, and 3 DALYs for Germany; while the annual ADHD cases per million inhabitants attributable to pyrethroids were 2189 for Israel, 1710 for France, 969 for Iceland, 944 for Switzerland, and 209 for Germany. Direct health costs related to ADHD ranged between 0.3 and 2.5 million EUR yearly per million inhabitants for the five countries. Additionally, a substantial number of ADHD cases, on average 18%, were associated with pyrethroid exposure. Yet, these figures should be interpreted with caution given the uncertainty of the estimation. A sensitivity analysis showed that by applying a different exposure-response function from outside the EU, the population attributable fraction decreased from an average of 18 to 7%. To ensure more robust disease burden estimates and adequate follow-up of policy measures, more HBM studies are needed, along with increased efforts to harmonize the design of epidemiological studies upfront to guarantee meta-analysis of exposure-response functions. This is particularly important for pyrethroids as evidence of potential adverse health effects is continuously emerging.
A co-created citizen science project on the short term effects of outdoor residential woodsmoke on the respiratory health of adults in the Netherlands.
Froeling F, Chen J, Meliefste K … +13 more , Oldenwening M, Lenssen E, Vermeulen R, Gerlofs-Nijland M, van Triel J, Woutersen A, de Jonge D, Groenwold H, Bronsveld P, van Dinther D, Blom M, CHARRED Citizen Scientists, Hoek G
Environ Health · 2024 Oct · PMID 39443904 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Woodsmoke from household fireplaces contributes significantly to outdoor air pollution in the Netherlands. The current understanding of the respiratory health effects of exposure to smoke from residen...
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Woodsmoke from household fireplaces contributes significantly to outdoor air pollution in the Netherlands. The current understanding of the respiratory health effects of exposure to smoke from residential wood burning is limited. This study investigated the association between short-term changes in outdoor woodsmoke exposure and lung function, respiratory symptoms, and medication use in adults in the Netherlands. METHODS: This study was co-created with citizen scientists and other relevant stakeholders. A panel study was conducted with repeated observations in 46 adults between February and May 2021 in four Dutch towns. Participants recorded their symptoms and medication use in daily diaries, and conducted morning and evening home spirometry measurements. Woodsmoke exposure was characterized by measuring levoglucosan (most specific marker for woodsmoke exposure), black/brown carbon, fine and ultrafine particulate matter at central monitoring sites. Individual woodsmoke perception (smell) was recorded in daily diaries. Linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between respiratory health and woodsmoke exposure. Models were adjusted for time-varying confounders and accounted for repeated observations within participants. RESULTS: Consistent positive associations were found between levoglucosan and shortness of breath (SOB) during rest and extra respiratory medication use. Odds ratios for current day exposure to levoglucosan were 1.12 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.30) for SOB during rest and 1.19 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.33) for extra medication use, expressed per interquartile range of levoglucosan concentrations (69.16 ng/m). Positive non-significant associations were found between levoglucosan and nasal symptoms, cough and waking up with SOB. No consistent association was found between levoglucosan and lung function. Associations found between woodsmoke markers, SOB during rest and extra medication use remained after the inclusion of PM and UFP in two-pollutant models. CONCLUSIONS: Adults experienced more SOB during rest, nasal symptoms and used more medication to treat respiratory symptoms on days with higher levels of outdoor woodsmoke concentrations.
World Health Organization repository of systematic reviews on interventions in environment, climate change and health: a new resource for decision makers, intervention implementers, and researchers.
Shrikhande S, Wolf J, Vert C … +3 more , Egorova A, Neira M, Prüss A
Environ Health · 2024 Oct · PMID 39434138 · Full text
To facilitate the use of the mounting evidence on how human health is inextricably linked to the health of the planet and the urgent need for measures against the escalating triple planetary crisis, the WHO has developed...
To facilitate the use of the mounting evidence on how human health is inextricably linked to the health of the planet and the urgent need for measures against the escalating triple planetary crisis, the WHO has developed a repository of systematic reviews on interventions in the area of environment, climate change and health (ECH). This commentary introduces the repository, describes its rationale and development, and points to potential future evolutions. The repository aims to provide a user-friendly tool for quickly finding systematic reviews and meta-analyses on specific ECH topics. The spreadsheet includes details on each systematic review, such as population, intervention type, control group, outcomes, and location, among other information. This supports effective assessment of the available evidence, potentially informing policy decisions across various sectors. The repository is a resource for anyone interested in the interlinkages between health and environment and is also targeted at decision makers, intervention implementers and researchers in order to identify priority issues and support evidence-based action. Furthermore, it can be used to identify areas in need of greater research. Additionally, systematic reviews of intervention effectiveness are often used for setting general guidelines and standards, for choosing the most promising intervention in a certain situation and for calculating the disease burden attributable to a specific environmental risk.
The impact of changing exposure to PM on mortality for US diplomats with multiple international relocations: a modelling study.
Edwards L, Milner J, Wilkinson P … +1 more , Milojevic A
Environ Health · 2024 Oct · PMID 39434094 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Current evidence linking long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) exposure and mortality is primarily based on persons that live in the same residence, city and/or country throughout the study, with...
BACKGROUND: Current evidence linking long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) exposure and mortality is primarily based on persons that live in the same residence, city and/or country throughout the study, with few residential moves or relocations. We propose a novel method to quantify the health impacts of PM for United States (US) diplomats who regularly relocate to international cities with different PM levels. METHODS: Life table methods were applied at an individual-level to US mortality statistics using the World Health Organization's database of city-specific PM annual mean concentrations. Global Burden of Disease concentration-response (C-R) functions were used to estimate cause-specific mortality and days of life lost (DLL) for a range of illustrative 20-year diplomatic assignments for three age groups. Time lags between exposure and exposure-related mortality risks were applied. Sensitivity analysis of baseline mortality, exposure level, C-R functions and lags was conducted. The effect of mitigation measures, including the addition of air purifiers, was examined. RESULTS: DLL due to PM exposure for a standard 20-year assignment ranged from 0.3 days for diplomats' children to 84.1 days for older diplomats. DLL decreased when assignments in high PM cities were followed by assignments in low PM cities: 162.5 DLL when spending 20 years in high PM cities compared to 62.6 DLL when spending one of every four years (5 years total) in a high PM city for older male diplomats. Use of air purifiers and improved home tightness in polluted cities may halve DLL due to PM exposure. The results were highly sensitive to lag assumptions: DLL increased by 68% without inception lags and decreased by 59% without cessation lags for older male diplomats. CONCLUSION: We developed a model to quantify health impacts of changing PM exposure for a population with frequent relocations. Our model suggests that alternating assignments in high and low PM cities may help reduce PM-related mortality burdens. Adding exposure mitigation at home may help reduce PM related mortality. Further research on outcome-specific lag structures is needed to improve the model.
Impact of physical activity levels on the association between air pollution exposures and glycemic indicators in older individuals.
Park H, Kim SY, Jang H … +7 more , Ha YW, Yun YM, Kim KJ, Rhee Y, Kim HC, Kim CO, Cho J
Environ Health · 2024 Oct · PMID 39425159 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Air pollution may exacerbate diabetes-related indicators; however, the longitudinal associations between air pollutant concentrations and glycemic markers remain unclear. In this prospective cohort study, we...
BACKGROUND: Air pollution may exacerbate diabetes-related indicators; however, the longitudinal associations between air pollutant concentrations and glycemic markers remain unclear. In this prospective cohort study, we examined the longitudinal associations between air pollution and glycemic indicators among older individuals with normoglycemia at baseline and determined whether these associations differed according to changes in physical activity levels. METHODS: Overall, 1,856 participants (mean age, 70.9 years) underwent baseline and 4-year follow-up surveys. We used linear mixed-effect models to examine the associations between previous 1-year exposures to air pollutants and glycemic indicators. We further investigated associations between previous 5-year exposures to air pollutants and glycemic indicators after the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). We explored effect modifications by the level of physical activity maintenance and changes in metabolic equivalent of task (METs) for physical activity. RESULTS: Levels of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 μm (PM) and ≤ 2.5 μm, and nitrogen dioxide (NO) were significantly associated with increased fasting blood glucose, Hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values. After IPTW, the associations remained significant for PM and NO. The positive associations of NO with insulin and HOMA-IR remained significant in the maintained inactive group, but not in the maintained moderate-to-vigorous active group. The positive associations of PM or NO with insulin and HOMA-IR remained significant in the group with increased METs, but not in those with decreased METs. In the post-hoc analysis of non-linear relationships between an increase in METs and glycemic indicators, insulin and HOMA-IR remarkably increased in the higher PM and NO exposure group from the point of 12,000 and 13,500 METs-min/week increase, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated longitudinal associations between air pollution exposures and increased insulin resistance in older individuals. Maintaining moderate-to-vigorous physical activity may mitigate the adverse effects of air pollution on insulin resistance. In older individuals dwelling in highly polluted areas, an increase of less than 12,000 METs-min/week may be beneficial for insulin resistance.
Association of polychlorinated biphenyls with vitamin D among rural Chinese adults with normal glycaemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Zhang R, Wei D, Fan K … +5 more , Wang L, Song Y, Huo W, Xu Q, Ni H
Environ Health · 2024 Oct · PMID 39415262 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Endocrine function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) typically differs from those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). However, few epidemiologic studies have explored how these differences impact the a...
BACKGROUND: Endocrine function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) typically differs from those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). However, few epidemiologic studies have explored how these differences impact the association between exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and vitamin D levels. METHODS: This study included 1,705 subjects aged 18-79 years from the Henan Rural Cohort [887 NGT and 818 T2DM]. Linear regression was applied to evaluate the associations between PCB exposure and vitamin D levels. Quantile g-computation regression (QG) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were applied to evaluate the impact of PCB mixtures on vitamin D levels. Interaction effects of ΣPCBs with HOMA2-%β and HOMA2-IR on vitamin D levels were assessed. RESULTS: Plasma ΣPCBs was positively associated with 25(OH)D2 in the NGT group (β = 0.060, 95% CI: 0.028, 0.092). Conversely, in T2DM group, ΣPCBs was negatively associated with 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D (β = -0.049, 95% CI: -0.072, -0.026; β = -0.043, 95% CI: -0.063, -0.023). Similarly, both QG and BKMR analysis revealed a negative association between PCB mixture exposure and vitamin D levels in the T2DM group, contrary to the results observed in the NGT groups. Furthermore, the negative association of ΣPCBs with 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D disappeared or changed to a positive association with the increase of HOMA2-%β levels. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that decreased β cell function may exacerbate the negative effects of PCB exposure on vitamin D levels. Recognizing T2DM patients' sensitivity to PCBs is vital for protecting chronic disease health.
Correction: The effect of alcohol consumption on human physiological and perceptual responses to heat stress: a systematic scoping review.
Morris NB, Ravanelli N, Chaseling GK
Environ Health · 2024 Oct · PMID 39407216 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Titanium exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus: associations and potential mediation by perturbation of amino acids in early pregnancy.
Jiang Y, Sun T, Jiang Y … +16 more , Wang X, Xi Q, Dou Y, Lv H, Peng Y, Xiao S, Xu X, Liu C, Xu B, Han X, Ma H, Hu Z, Shi Z, Du J, Lin Y, China National Birth Cohort (CNBC) Study Group
Environ Health · 2024 Oct · PMID 39394610 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Several recent studies reported the potential adverse effects of titanium exposure on glucose homeostasis among the non-pregnant population, but the association of titanium exposure with gestational diabetes...
BACKGROUND: Several recent studies reported the potential adverse effects of titanium exposure on glucose homeostasis among the non-pregnant population, but the association of titanium exposure with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is scarce. METHODS: The present study of 1,449 pregnant women was conducted within the Jiangsu Birth Cohort (JBC) study in China. Urine samples were collected in the early pregnancy, and urinary titanium concentration and non-targeted metabolomics were measured. Poisson regression estimated the association of titanium exposure in the early pregnancy with subsequent risk of GDM. Multiple linear regression screened for titanium-related urine metabolites. Mediation analyses assessed the mediating effects of candidate metabolites and pathways. RESULTS: As parameterized in tertiles, titanium showed positive dose-response relationship with GDM risk (P for trend = 0.008), with women at the highest tertile of titanium exposure having 30% increased risk of GDM [relative risk (RR) = 1.30 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.61)] when compared to those exposure at the first tertile level. Meanwhile, we identified the titanium-related metabolites involved in four amino acid metabolic pathways. Notably, the perturbation of the aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism mediated 27.1% and 31.0%, respectively, of the relative effect of titanium exposure on GDM. Specifically, three titanium-related metabolites, choline, creatine and L-alanine, demonstrated predominant mediation effects on the association between titanium exposure and GDM risk. CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective study, we uniquely identified a correlation between early pregnancy titanium exposure and increased GDM risk. We unveiled novel insights into how perturbations in amino acid metabolism may mediate the link between titanium exposure and GDM. Notably, choline, creatine, and L-alanine emerged as key mediators influencing this association. Our findings imply that elevated titanium exposure in early pregnancy can lead to amino acid dysmetabolism, thereby elevating GDM risk.
Per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances and respiratory health in an Inuit community.
Aker A, Courtemanche Y, Ayotte P … +3 more , Robert P, Gaudreau É, Lemire M
Environ Health · 2024 Oct · PMID 39394583 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Concentrations of plasma per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are elevated in the Inuit population of Nunavik and may be causing adverse health effects. Respiratory health outcomes have been associated...
BACKGROUND: Concentrations of plasma per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are elevated in the Inuit population of Nunavik and may be causing adverse health effects. Respiratory health outcomes have been associated with PFAS, but have not been explored in Inuit communities. The aim of the study was to examine the association between PFAS and respiratory health outcomes, and the moderating role of nutritional biomarkers. METHODS: We included up to 1298 participants of the Qanuilirpitaa? 2017 survey aged 16-80 years. Generalized regression models were used to estimate the associations between six individual PFAS congeners and four self-reported symptoms, four spirometry measures, and physician-diagnosed asthma. Outcomes associated with PFAS from single chemical models were further explored using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR). The modifying effect of n-3 PUFA in red blood cell quartiles and vitamin D deficiency were examined on the associations between PFAS and respiratory outcomes. RESULTS: PFNA and PFOS were associated with asthma (odds ratio (OR) 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12, 2.32; OR 1.45 95% CI 1.04, 2.03). PFOA, PFNA, PFDA and PFHxS were associated with a decrease in the ratio between the forced expiratory volume in the first second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC). No associations were observed with self-reported respiratory symptoms. No associations were observed between a PFAS mixture and asthma. Some associations were modified by nutritional factors, namely, stronger associations between PFOA and PFHxS and asthma with lower n-3 PUFA levels and stronger associations between PFDA, PFUnDA and PFOS and FEV1/FVC with vitamin D deficiency. CONCLUSION: These findings add to the growing literature on the impacts of PFAS on respiratory health, and the importance of their global regulation. Associations were modified by nutritional factors pointing to the nutritional value of traditional Inuit foods.
Relationship between radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation from cellular phones and brain tumor: meta-analyses using various proxies for RF-EMR exposure-outcome assessment.
Moon J, Kwon J, Mun Y
Environ Health · 2024 Oct · PMID 39390576 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: The authors conducted meta-analyses regarding the association between cellular and mobile phone use and brain tumor development by applying various radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) exposure...
INTRODUCTION: The authors conducted meta-analyses regarding the association between cellular and mobile phone use and brain tumor development by applying various radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) exposure subcategories. With changing patterns of mobile phone use and rapidly developing Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) technology (such as Bluetooth), this study will provide insight into the importance of more precise exposure subcategories for RF-EMR. METHODS: The medical librarian searched MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library until 16 December 2020. RESULTS: In these meta-analyses, 19 case-control studies and five cohort studies were included. Ipsilateral users reported a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.40 (95% CI 1.21-1.62) compared to non-regular users. Users with years of use over 10 years reported a pooled OR of 1.27 (95% CI 1.08-1.48). When stratified by each type of brain tumor, only meningioma (OR 1.20 (95% CI 1.04-1.39)), glioma (OR 1.45 (95% CI 1.16-1.82)), and malignant brain tumors (OR 1.93 (95% CI 1.55-2.39)) showed an increased OR with statistical significance for ipsilateral users. For users with years of use over 10 years, only glioma (OR 1.32 (95% CI 1.01-1.71)) showed an increased OR with statistical significance. When 11 studies with an OR with cumulative hours of use over 896 h were synthesized, the pooled OR was 1.59 (95% CI 1.25-2.02). When stratified by each type of brain tumor, glioma, meningioma, and acoustic neuroma reported the pooled OR of 1.66 (95% CI 1.13-2.44), 1.29 (95% CI 1.08-1.54), and 1.84 (95% CI 0.78-4.37), respectively. For each individual study that considered cumulative hours of use, the highest OR for glioma, meningioma, and acoustic neuroma was 2.89 (1.41-5.93) (both side use, > 896 h), 2.57 (1.02-6.44) (both side use, > 896 h), and 3.53 (1.59-7.82) (ipsilateral use, > 1640 h), respectively. For five cohort studies, the pooled risk ratios (RRs) for all CNS tumors, glioma, meningioma, and acoustic neuroma, were statistically equivocal, respectively. However, the point estimates for acoustic neuroma showed a rather increased pooled RR for ever-use (1.26) and over 10 years of use (1.61) compared to never-use, respectively. DISCUSSION: In this meta-analysis, as the exposure subcategory used became more concrete, the pooled ORs demonstrated higher values with statistical significance. Although the meta-analysis of cohort studies yielded statistically inconclusive pooled effect estimates, (i) as the number of studies included grows and (ii) as the applied exposure subcategories become more concrete, the pooled RRs could show a different aspect in future research. Additionally, future studies should thoroughly account for changing patterns in mobile phone use and the growing use of earphones or headphones with WPAN technology.
Characterizing visual field loss from past mercury exposure in an Indigenous riverine community (Grassy Narrows First Nation, Canada): a cluster-based approach.
Philibert A, Tousignant B, Fillion M … +2 more , Da Silva J, Mergler D
Environ Health · 2024 Oct · PMID 39375679 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Between 1962 and 1975, a chlor-alkali plant in Canada discharged approximately 9 metric tons of mercury (Hg) into the Wabigoon River. Over the following decades, biomarkers of Hg exposure of persons from Gras...
BACKGROUND: Between 1962 and 1975, a chlor-alkali plant in Canada discharged approximately 9 metric tons of mercury (Hg) into the Wabigoon River. Over the following decades, biomarkers of Hg exposure of persons from Grassy Narrows First Nation (Asubpeeschoseewagong Anishinabek), located downriver from the discharge, reflected Hg concentrations in fish. Hg exposure is known to target the calcarine fissure, resulting in visual field (VF) loss. Most studies and clinical reports focus solely on peripheral VF loss; little is known about the impact of Hg on the central and paracentral portions. The present study sought to characterize the patterns of VF loss with respect to past and current Hg. METHODS: A 28-year hair-Hg (HHg) database, created from a 1970-97 government biomonitoring program, served to select study participants with ≥ 4 year-based HHg measurements (n = 81). Blood-Hg was assessed for current exposure. Light sensitivity thresholds across the VF were analyzed monocularly, using a Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA). Following post-hoc exclusions, based on HFA interpretation indices, 65 participants were retained. Both eyes were combined for analyses (n = 130 eyes). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of HFA plot data was used to identify patterns of VF loss. A series of mixed effects models (MEM) were performed to test the associations for current Hg exposure with respect to HFA interpretation indices and clusters, as well as for longitudinal past Hg exposure. RESULTS: The clustering approach decomposed the light sensitivity deficits into 5 concentric clusters, with greatest loss in the peripheral clusters. No relation was observed between any of the cluster scores and current blood-Hg. VF deficits increased with past Hg exposure. Longitudinal MEM showed that HHg was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with all peripheral, paracentral, and central cluster scores, as well as with HFA interpretation indices. CONCLUSIONS: Past Hg exposure in Grassy Narrows First Nation was associated with present day VF loss. The cluster-based location-specific approach identified patterns of VF loss associated with long-term Hg exposure, in both the peripheral and the central areas. The functional implications of this type of visual loss should be investigated.
Epidemiologic and clinical features of cyanobacteria harmful algal bloom exposures reported to the National Poison Data System, United States, 2010-2022: a descriptive analysis.
Bloch RA, Beuhler MC, Hilborn ED … +2 more , Faulkner G, Rhea S
Environ Health · 2024 Oct · PMID 39369221 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Harmful algal bloom occurrences have been increasingly reported globally and over time. Exposure to the variety of toxins and co-contaminants that may be present in harmful algal blooms can cause illness and...
BACKGROUND: Harmful algal bloom occurrences have been increasingly reported globally and over time. Exposure to the variety of toxins and co-contaminants that may be present in harmful algal blooms can cause illness and even death. Poison control data is a valuable public health information source that has been used to characterize many types of toxin exposures, including harmful algal blooms. Prior studies have been limited by location and time, and knowledge gaps remain regarding cyanobacteria harmful algal bloom (cyanoHAB) exposure circumstances, and the breadth and severity of associated clinical effect. METHODS: The objective of this study was to characterize epidemiologic and clinical features of cyanoHAB exposure cases reported to 55 US poison control centers and available in the National Poison Data System (NPDS). We identified 4260 NPDS cyanoHAB exposure cases reported from 2010 to 2022, including symptomatic exposure cases with and without clinical effects related to the exposure and asymptomatic exposure cases. We assessed demographics; exposure routes, locations, chronicity; clinical effects; and medical outcomes. We calculated case rates annually and 13-year case rates by US geographic division. RESULTS: Over half of cyanoHAB exposure cases were children < 20 years old (n = 2175). Most cyanoHABs exposures occurred in a "public area" (n = 2902, 68.1%); most were acute (≤ 8 h) (n = 3824, 89.8%). Dermal and ingestion routes and gastrointestinal effects predominated. 2% (n = 102) of cases experienced a moderate or major medical outcome; no deaths were reported. National rates increased from 0.4 cases/1 million (1 M) person-years in 2010 to 1.4 cases/1 M person-years in 2022. The Mountain division had the highest 13-year rate (7.8 cases/1 M person-years). CONCLUSIONS: CyanoHAB exposure case rates increased 2010-2022, despite a decrease in all-cause exposure cases during the same period. NPDS data provide valuable public health information for characterization of cyanoHAB exposures, an emerging public health challenge.
Occupational exposure to organic solvents during pregnancy and child behavior from early childhood to adolescence.
Tillaut H, Costet N, Monfort C … +6 more , Béranger R, Garlantézec R, Rouget F, Cordier S, Saint-Amour D, Chevrier C
Environ Health · 2024 Oct · PMID 39367425 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Organic solvents are used in formulating an extensive range of products for professional use. Animal and human studies suggest that in utero solvent exposure may affect neurodevelopment. Our objective was to...
BACKGROUND: Organic solvents are used in formulating an extensive range of products for professional use. Animal and human studies suggest that in utero solvent exposure may affect neurodevelopment. Our objective was to assess the association between occupational exposure to solvents during pregnancy and child behavior aged 2-12 years. METHODS: The French mother-child cohort PELAGIE (2002-2006) included 3,421 women recruited in early pregnancy. Occupational exposure to solvents was self-reported. For 459 children, parents used a questionnaire derived from the Child Behavior Checklist and the Preschool Social Behavior Questionnaire to assess their child's behavior, at age 2, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at ages 6 and 12. A cross-lagged structural equation modeling approach was used to assess direct and indirect associations between exposure and child behavior. RESULTS: At age 2, an increased externalizing behavior score was suggested with prenatal exposure to solvents (mean change in standardized score (95%CI): 0.28 (-0.01, 0.57) for occasional exposure and 0.23 (-0.05, 0.51) for regular exposure). At ages 6 and 12, distinct sex-specific patterns were observed: among boys, no association with externalizing behavior was observed, while among girls, an association was seen for both occasional and regular exposure (total effect at age 12: 0.45 (0.06,0.83) and 0.40 (0.03, 0.76), respectively). For both sexes, occasional exposure may be associated with internalizing behavior at ages 6 and 12 (total effect at age 6: 0.37 (0.06, 0.68) and at age 12: 0.27 (-0.08, 0.62)). CONCLUSIONS: Occupational exposure to solvents during pregnancy may impact child behavior through either direct or cumulative effects during childhood; these associations may persist until early adolescence, especially among girls.
Prenatal exposure to air pollution and maternal and fetal thyroid function: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence.
O'Donnell C, Campbell EJ, McCormick S … +1 more , Anenberg SC
Environ Health · 2024 Sep · PMID 39334320 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Exposure to ambient air pollution is a top risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease. Pregnant persons and their developing fetuses are particularly susceptible to adverse health outcomes assoc...
BACKGROUND: Exposure to ambient air pollution is a top risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease. Pregnant persons and their developing fetuses are particularly susceptible to adverse health outcomes associated with air pollution exposures. During pregnancy, the thyroid plays a critical role in fetal development, producing thyroid hormones that are associated with brain development. Our objective is to systematically review recent literature that investigates how prenatal exposure to air pollution affects maternal and fetal thyroid function. METHODS: Following the Navigation Guide Framework, we systematically reviewed peer-reviewed journal articles that examined prenatal exposures to air pollution and outcomes related to maternal and fetal thyroid function, evaluated the risk of bias for individual studies, and synthesized the overall quality and strength of the evidence. RESULTS: We found 19 studies that collected data on pregnancy exposure windows spanning preconception to full term from 1999 to 2020 across nine countries. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) was most frequently and significantly positively associated with fetal/neonatal thyroid hormone concentrations, and inversely associated with maternal thyroid hormone concentrations. To a lesser extent, traffic-related air pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO) had significant effects on fetal/neonatal thyroid function but no significant effects on maternal thyroid function. However, the body of literature is challenged by risk of bias in exposure assessment methods and in the evaluation of confounding variables, and there is an inconsistency amongst effect estimates. Thus, using the definitions provided by the objective Navigation Guide Framework, we have concluded that there is limited, low quality evidence pertaining to the effects of prenatal air pollution exposure on maternal and fetal thyroid function. CONCLUSION: To improve the quality of the body of evidence, future research should seek to enhance exposure assessment methods by integrating personal monitoring and high-quality exposure data (e.g., using spatiotemporally resolved satellite observations and statistical modeling) and outcome assessment methods by measuring a range of thyroid hormones throughout the course of pregnancy.
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