Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
A review of educational interventions and behavior change tools to improve nutritional knowledge in team sport athletes.
McDonald CV, McSorley EM, McNeilly AM … +1 more , Magee PJ
Nutrition · 2026 May · PMID 42241911 · Publisher ↗
The influences on dietary behavior of team sport athletes (TSAs) are multifaceted, although it is clear that nutritional knowledge (NK) plays a key influential role. Throughout the current literature, TSAs repeatedly dem...
The influences on dietary behavior of team sport athletes (TSAs) are multifaceted, although it is clear that nutritional knowledge (NK) plays a key influential role. Throughout the current literature, TSAs repeatedly demonstrate suboptimal NK; this is consistent across sex, age, and level of participation, highlighting the need for effective educational interventions (EIs). Traditional approaches to nutrition education are often limited by accessibility, time, and cost, whereas technology-based approaches that incorporate microlearning potentially offer greater flexibility and scalability. A technology-based approach such as short-form video content may overcome many of the barriers associated with traditional in-person EIs. Despite existing research in nutritional EIs and behavior change tools, an evidence gap remains concerning the long-term impact of multimodal educational approaches within TSA populations. An EI framed upon the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behavior model of behavior change, incorporating microlearning strategies through modern technology, may provide an effective means for designing an effective intervention to enhance NK in TSAs.
Energy expenditure, physical activity and dietary intake among patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer.
Purcell SA, Elliott SA, Walter PJ … +5 more , Cai H, Preston T, Skipworth RJE, Sawyer MB, Prado CM
Nutrition · 2026 May · PMID 42229020 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Characterizing energy balance components such as total energy expenditure (TEE), energy intake (EI), and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) is crucial to assessing nutritional status and guiding inte...
BACKGROUND: Characterizing energy balance components such as total energy expenditure (TEE), energy intake (EI), and physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) is crucial to assessing nutritional status and guiding interventions. OBJECTIVE: This observational study explored these variables and their interrelationships in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: In patients with newly diagnosed CRC, PAEE was evaluated as the difference between TEE (doubly labeled water) and resting energy expenditure (REE; indirect calorimetry). Activity monitors worn during the 2-wk doubly labeled water period captured steps/d and time spent in various activity intensities activity. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall and compared to guidelines and energy expenditure and physical activity outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty patients were included (65% male; age: 56 ± 13 y; body mass index: 28.2 ± 5.0 kg/m). TEE ranged from ∼1500 to 3600 kcal/d and correlated with REE (r = 0.60, P = 0.006) and PAEE (r = 0.56, P = 0.011); REE and PAEE were not correlated. The majority (87.9 ± 6.1%) of time was spent in sedentary behavior, and activity was lower on weekend days compared to weekdays. EI was 2290 ± 29 kcal/d, with only 20% meeting energy and 30% meeting protein intake guidelines. TEE and PAEE were positively associated with EI and negatively associated with protein intake. REE was unrelated to dietary intake, and no associations were found between dietary intake and device-based activity. CONCLUSIONS: TEE and PAEE-but not REE or activity monitor parameters-were associated with dietary intake. These findings emphasize the need for robust, low-burden approaches to assess PAEE to optimize nutrition care in patients with CRC.
Does the presence of children and adolescents affect household food availability? Findings from the Brazilian Household Budget Survey.
Sampaio GR, Muraro AP, Souza TTQ … +1 more , Rodrigues PRM
Nutrition · 2026 May · PMID 42224843 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Household food availability can be influenced by environmental, sociocultural, and economic factors that interact and impact the adoption of healthy eating practices. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this observational,...
BACKGROUND: Household food availability can be influenced by environmental, sociocultural, and economic factors that interact and impact the adoption of healthy eating practices. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this observational, cross-sectional study was to investigate how the presence of children and/or adolescents in the household is associated with food availability in the home food environment. METHODS: Data from the 2017-2018 Brazilian Household Budget Survey were used. Households were classified as: without children/adolescents; with children; with adolescents; and with both. Food availability in the home food environment was evaluated using a 7-d acquisition diary, and grouped into 29 groups based on nutritional characteristics, and the acquisition of each category was classified as yes or no. The association between the presence of children and/or adolescents in households and food availability in the home food environment was evaluated using logistic regression models adjusted for the region of residence, number of household members, per capita family income, sex, and education level of the household head. RESULTS: In households with children, adolescents, and both children and adolescents, there was a higher availability of dairy and plant-based milk, salty and savory snacks, yogurt, breakfast cereals, biscuits and cookies, milk-based products, fast food, pasta, sugary foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, and processed meats. Conversely, these households had a lower availability of sugar, whole foods, and vegetables compared to households without children and adolescents. CONCLUSION: The presence of children and/or adolescents in households may influence the availability of food in the home food environment.
Household income sources and mobility drivers of dietary diversity among refugees with hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes in Bidibidi Settlement, Uganda.
Gyawali B, Ratib D, Dræbel TA … +8 more , Nanfuka EK, Nakanjako R, Kyaddondo D, Whyte SR, Raju E, Bygbjerg IC, Meyrowitsch DW, Skovdal M
Nutrition · 2026 May · PMID 42224842 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Dietary diversity is a key indicator of food group variety and is widely used as a proxy for nutrient adequacy among individuals living with chronic conditions, such as hypertension (HTN) and type 2 diabetes...
BACKGROUND: Dietary diversity is a key indicator of food group variety and is widely used as a proxy for nutrient adequacy among individuals living with chronic conditions, such as hypertension (HTN) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). In refugee settings, structural constraints may limit dietary diversity. However, evidence on dietary diversity among refugees already living with HTN and/or DM remains limited. This study aimed to examine the associations between household income sources and cross-border mobility and dietary diversity among refugees with HTN and/or DM in Bidibidi Refugee Settlement, northern Uganda. METHODS: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey between September and December 2024 among 1010 adult refugees with HTN and/or DM, recruited using a chain- referral sampling approach incorporating elements of respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Dietary diversity was assessed by a 24-hour recall and summarized as a dietary diversity score (DDS), calculated by summing the number of different food groups consumed (range 0-9). Household income sources (humanitarian aid, informal income, and formal income) was used as a proxy for socioeconomic status, and cross-border mobility was defined as self-reported return trips to South Sudan. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations with DDS, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Participants consumed an average of two food groups in the previous 24 hours (mean DDS 2.0 ± 0.64), indicating very low dietary diversity. In adjusted analyses, greater cross-border mobility was associated with lower dietary diversity. Compared with participants reporting no return trips, DDS was lower among those with one return trip (adjusted β = -0.28; 95% CI: -0.38 to -0.17) and among those with multiple return trips (adjusted β = -0.46; 95% CI: -0.57 to -0.35). Household income source was also associated with dietary diversity. Relative to reliance on humanitarian aid, formal income was associated with higher dietary diversity (adjusted β = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.41), while informal income was associated with lower dietary diversity (adjusted β = -0.10; 95% CI: -0.18 to -0.01). CONCLUSION: Dietary diversity among refugees living with HTN and/or DM in Bidibidi Refugee Settlement was extremely limited and was associated with cross-border mobility and household income sources. These findings suggest that dietary patterns in this setting are shaped primarily by structural constraints affecting food access and livelihood opportunities among displaced populations. However, the cross-sectional design limits causal inference, and the use of unweighted chain-referral sampling limits the generalizability of the findings to the wider refugee population.
Orthorexia nervosa prevalence and associated factors in individuals attending a diet outpatient clinic: A cross-sectional study.
Atabay FE, Altin D
Nutrition · 2026 Sep · PMID 42214131 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is characterized by an excessive preoccupation with consuming healthy foods, which may lead to dietary restrictions, psychological distress, and social isolation. Despite its increasin...
BACKGROUND: Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is characterized by an excessive preoccupation with consuming healthy foods, which may lead to dietary restrictions, psychological distress, and social isolation. Despite its increasing recognition, ON is not yet formally classified in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM), and its prevalence among individuals seeking dietary guidance remains underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of orthorexic tendencies and their associated factors among individuals attending a diet outpatient clinic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Yalova Governmental Hospital Outpatient Diet Polyclinic. A total of 265 participants were recruited using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected through a socio-demographic questionnaire and the ORTO-15 Scale, a widely used tool for assessing ON tendencies. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0, with chi-square tests and ANOVA applied to examine relationships between ON and body mass index (BMI). A p-value <.05 was considered statistically significant. In addition, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with orthorexic tendencies. RESULTS: The prevalence of orthorexic tendencies among participants was 17%, exceeding the rates reported in the general population. No significant relationship was found between BMI and ON tendencies (p = .27), supporting previous research suggesting that ON is more concerned with food quality than body image. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, none of the examined variables were significantly associated with orthorexic tendencies. Participants relied primarily on mass media and dietitians for nutritional information, indicating potential influences on dietary behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified orthorexic tendencies in 17% of individuals attending a diet outpatient clinic, exceeding general population estimates. However, given the psychometric limitations of the ORTO-15, this figure should be interpreted cautiously. No significant sociodemographic or clinical predictors were identified. These findings suggest that orthorexic tendencies may be clinically relevant in dietary settings and highlight the need for validated assessment tools and further research.
Association between the albumin-hemoglobin index and mortality in older adults with dysphagia.
Feng Y, Qu X, Yu F … +1 more , Zhu X
Nutrition · 2026 Sep · PMID 42208173 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Dysphagia is common in older adults and is associated with malnutrition, inflammation, and increased mortality. The albumin-hemoglobin index (AHI), calculated as serum albumin (g/dL) plus hemoglobin (g/dL), m...
OBJECTIVES: Dysphagia is common in older adults and is associated with malnutrition, inflammation, and increased mortality. The albumin-hemoglobin index (AHI), calculated as serum albumin (g/dL) plus hemoglobin (g/dL), may reflect both nutritional and oxygen-carrying reserves. The aim of this study was to investigate whether AHI is independently associated with all-cause mortality in older adults with dysphagia requiring nutritional support. METHODS: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of 253 older adults (aged ≥50 years; mean 83.1 ± 9.3) with clinically diagnosed dysphagia who initiated percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) or total parenteral nutrition (TPN) between January 2014 and January 2017 in Japan. AHI was calculated at baseline and categorized into tertiles (T1: <13.1, T2: 13.1-15.3, T3: ≥15.3). Associations between AHI and all-cause mortality were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Prognostic accuracy was compared with the CONUT score and Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) using ROC analysis. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 601 days, 138 deaths (54.5%) occurred. Median survival times were 125, 741, and 935 days for T1, T2, and T3, respectively (P < 0.0001). In the fully adjusted model, each 1-unit increase in baseline AHI was independently associated with a 16% reduction in all-cause mortality (adjusted HR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.77-0.92). AHI demonstrated superior prognostic accuracy compared to the CONUT score (AUC: 0.742 versus 0.681, P = 0.04) and comparable accuracy to PNI (AUC: 0.742 versus 0.721, P = 0.48). CONCLUSIONS: Higher baseline AHI is independently associated with improved survival in older adults with dysphagia. AHI is a pragmatic, cost-effective, and readily implementable prognostic tool for clinical practice.
Maternal protein undernutrition during lactation reduces body weight gain and adiposity and delays pubertal onset in male Wistar offspring.
Rodrigues WDNS, Romano RM, Grassiolli S … +6 more , Oliveira JM, Moreira VM, Flauzino MWP, Peres MNC, Romano MA, Mathias PCF
Nutrition · 2026 Sep · PMID 42208172 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Maternal protein restriction during lactation affects the metabolic and reproductive development of offspring by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis. OBJECTIVE: The regulation of the H...
BACKGROUND: Maternal protein restriction during lactation affects the metabolic and reproductive development of offspring by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis. OBJECTIVE: The regulation of the HPT axis during peripuberty remains poorly understood, as does the impact of maternal protein restriction on this process. In this study, we investigated the impact of maternal protein restriction during lactation on the function of the HPT axis in male Wistar rats from peripuberty to young adulthood. METHODS: From postnatal day (PND) 0 (birth) to PND21 (weaning), the dams were fed either a normal-protein diet (NP; 20.5% protein) or a low-protein diet (LP; 4% protein). Male offspring were evaluated at PND 35, 45, and 55 (peripubertal stages) and PND 90 (young adulthood). Assessments included body weight (BW), adiposity, pubertal timing, serum testosterone concentration and hypothalamic and testicular gene expression (RT‒qPCR). RESULTS: Compared with NP offspring, LP offspring exhibited delayed pubertal onset and reduced BW during puberty. At PND 35, LP offspring showed improved glucose tolerance, reduced testicular weight, and lower expression of sex steroid receptors (Esr1, Esr2, Gper1, and Ar) in the hypothalamus. In the testes, LP offspring expressed lower levels of estrogen receptor alpha (Esr1), luteinizing hormone receptor (Lhcgr), a Sertoli cell marker (Lgals1), and the spermatogenic genes spermatocity (Rhcg) and spermatids (Lrrc34). In contrast, they had higher aromatase expression (Cyp19a1) and higher estrogen receptor beta expression than their age-matched NP offspring did. At PND 45, hypothalamic Kiss1 expression was higher, whereas LP offspring presented lower testicular expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, including Ar, Gper1, Cyp19a1, and Rhcg, accompanied by decreased serum testosterone levels. By PND 55, the expression of hypothalamic tachykinin precursor 3 (Tac3) was increased, whereas that of estrogen receptor genes (Esr1, Esr2, and Gper1) and the androgen receptor (Ar) was decreased. In the testes, Lgals1 expression was increased, whereas the expression of the spermatogenesis-related genes Fshr and Kit was reduced compared with that in the NP offspring. In young adulthood, body weight, adiposity, and serum sex hormone levels remained lower in the LP group, and no significant changes in hypothalamic or testicular gene expression were detected. CONCLUSION: In summary, severe maternal protein restriction during lactation delays the onset of male puberty and induces age-dependent alterations in hypothalamic and testicular gene expression, leading to dysregulation of the HPT axis during the peripubertal period.
Muscle mass normalization in the era of obesity: body mass ındex and weight-adjusted reference values for lumbar 3 vertebra skeletal muscle area.
Bahat G, Önür NH, Özulu Türkmen B … +6 more , Şahin Tırnova ŞZ, Erdoğan T, Özkök S, Aliyev Ş, Bakır B, Karan MA
Nutrition · 2026 Sep · PMID 42202736 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Height-adjusted indices (e.g., SMA/height²) may underestimate low muscle mass in overweight individuals. This study aimed to establish sex-specific body mass index (BMI)- and weight-adjusted reference...
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Height-adjusted indices (e.g., SMA/height²) may underestimate low muscle mass in overweight individuals. This study aimed to establish sex-specific body mass index (BMI)- and weight-adjusted reference values and cut-offs for total abdominal and psoas muscle indices from CT scans at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) in healthy adults. METHODS: CT data of 482 young Turkish adults evaluated as living donor candidates (mean age 28.8 ± 5.9 y; 55.6% men) were analyzed. Total abdominal skeletal muscle area (TASMA) and psoas muscle area (PMA) were measured at the level of L3-vertebra and normalized to BMI to calculate the skeletal muscle index (TASMI = TASMA/BMI [cm/(kg/m)]) and psoas muscle index (PMI = PMA/BMI [cm/(kg/m)]), and alternatively to body weight (TASMI = TASMA/weight [cm/kg]; PMI = PMA/weight [cm/kg]). Sex-specific reference values were determined using the 5th percentile and mean minus 2 standard deviations (-2SD). RESULTS: Using the 5th percentile approach with BMI-adjusted indices, cut-off values for low muscle mass were 4.87 (TASMI) and 0.65 (PMI) in men, and 3.24 (TASMI) and 0.36 (PMI) in women. Corresponding mean-2SD approach thresholds were 4.67 (TASMI) and 0.55 (PMI) in men, and 2.69 (TASMI) and 0.25 (PMI) in women. Weight-adjusted 5th percentile cut-off values for low muscle mass were 1.58 (TASMI) and 0.22 (PMI) in men, and 1.27 (TASMI) and 0.14 (PMI) in women. Corresponding mean-2SD thresholds were 1.49 (TASMI) and 0.18 (PMI) in men, and 1.10 (TASMI) and 0.11 (PMI) in women. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first sex-specific BMI- and weight-adjusted SMA thresholds in a healthy Caucasian population. These reference values may improve sarcopenia screening across diverse body sizes. Future studies are required to examine whether low muscle mass defined by use of these thresholds are better associated with adverse consequences of low muscle mass/sarcopenia.
Role of creatine supplementation in intestinal health: a narrative review of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential.
Oliveira JT, Pieniz S
Nutrition · 2026 Sep · PMID 42202735 · Publisher ↗
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, idiopathic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, classified as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The most common pharmacological therapies include aminosalicylates,...
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, idiopathic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, classified as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The most common pharmacological therapies include aminosalicylates, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and targeted biological therapies. However, due to their many potential adverse effects, natural compounds such as creatine have also gained attention. Creatine is a compound formed from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine, and can be synthesized endogenously or obtained through food or supplements. Because of its ability to improve cellular energy status, and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, the aim of this study was to assess its therapeutic potential in IBD and other associated clinical disorders. A literature review was conducted using the PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases. Based on the data found, creatine supplementation demonstrated therapeutic potential in restoring intestinal homeostasis, as well as significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, this compound should to be considered a promising therapeutic agent in IBD, and further studies are needed.
Impact of malnutrition severity on activities of daily living recovery in patients hospitalized with COPD exacerbations: a prospective observational study.
Maeda S, Otake K, Misu S … +4 more , Yamaguchi T, Nagatani C, Kaneko M, Ishikawa A
Nutrition · 2026 Sep · PMID 42190503 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate whether the severity of malnutrition affects the recovery of activities of daily living (ADL) function in patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (...
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate whether the severity of malnutrition affects the recovery of activities of daily living (ADL) function in patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS & PROCEDURES: This prospective observational study included 66 out of 96 patients with COPD exacerbations who received rehabilitation interventions. Patients were classified into three groups based on malnutrition severity, using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria at the start of rehabilitation. The difference between the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores at the start of rehabilitation and at discharge was used to assess ADL function recovery. Multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate whether malnutrition severity influenced the change in FIM scores. RESULTS: In all three groups, FIM scores at discharge were significantly higher than those at the start of rehabilitation. Multiple regression analysis showed that patients with severe malnutrition had a significantly smaller improvement in FIM scores compared to those without malnutrition (B = -7.61, p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS: Severe malnutrition, as assessed by the GLIM criteria, may impede the recovery of ADL function in patients with COPD exacerbations.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis-based Sarcopenic Obesity Phenotype Index versus sarcopenic obesity: associations with frailty, falls, and osteoporosis in community-dwelling older adults.
Kayhan Kocak FO, Altın Z
Nutrition · 2026 Sep · PMID 42190502 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between the bioelectrical impedance analysis-based Sarcopenic Obesity Phenotype Index (SOPi) and frailty, osteoporosis, and fall-related outcomes in commu...
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between the bioelectrical impedance analysis-based Sarcopenic Obesity Phenotype Index (SOPi) and frailty, osteoporosis, and fall-related outcomes in community-dwelling older adults and to compare its performance with a categorical definition of sarcopenic obesity based on European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism-European Association for the Study of Obesity criteria. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 1154 consecutive medical records of community-dwelling older adults were screened. After exclusion, 395 individuals were included in the final analysis. The SOPi was constructed as a continuous index using sex-specific z scores of body fat percentage, handgrip strength, and skeletal muscle mass normalized to body weight. Sarcopenic obesity was also defined categorically according to European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism-European Association for the Study of Obesity-aligned criteria. Flarity was assessed using the Clinical Frailty Index. Osteoporosis was defined according to bone mineral density-based clinical diagnoses, and fall-related outcomes were also evaluated. RESULTS: Both categorical sarcopenic obesity and the SOPi were independently associated with frailty; however, the SOPi demonstrated a graded, stepwise increase in frailty severity when modeled as a continuous variable (β = 0.04, P = 0.019). Categorical sarcopenic obesity was not independently associated with osteoporosis (P > 0.05), whereas the SOPi showed significant associations when analyzed both in quartiles and as a continuous variable (odds ratio per unit increase, 0.82, 95% confidence interval, 0.73-0.93, P = 0.001). Neither approach was significantly associated with a history of falls or unsteadiness; however, individuals in the highest SOPi quartile had significantly higher odds of fear of falling compared with those in the lowest quartile (odds ratio, 2.40, 95% confidence interval, 1.17-4.94, P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: The bioelectrical impedance analysis-based SOPi captures graded clinical vulnerability beyond categorical definitions, particularly for bone health and perceived fall-related risk. The SOPi may offer added value for clinical risk stratification in geriatric practice.
Pretransplant muscle status as a predictive marker for diarrhea duration and hospital length of stay in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a prospective cohort analysis.
Song A, Zhang M, Cai Y … +3 more , Tang M, Shen L, Xu R
Nutrition · 2026 Sep · PMID 42184783 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To examine the impact of pretransplant muscle status on diarrhea duration and length of stay (LOS) following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS: This was a secondary analysis from a prosp...
OBJECTIVES: To examine the impact of pretransplant muscle status on diarrhea duration and length of stay (LOS) following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS: This was a secondary analysis from a prospective study. All of the participants were adult HSCT inpatients between 2022 and 2024. Muscle status was evaluated using height-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and handgrip. The patients were classified into two groups: "Group A": height-adjusted ASM above standard (≥ male 7.0 kg/m, female 5.7 kg/m) AND handgrip above standard (≥ male 28kg, female 18kg); "Group B": either height-adjusted ASM OR handgrip below above-mentioned standard. Diarrhea was defined as the passage of more than three loose stools daily, as per the Bristol Stool Chart, within 14 d of transplantation. LOS was defined as the number of days from the date of admission to discharge. RESULTS: Overall, 96 patients (52.1% male) aged 52.7 ± 12.8 y were enrolled, of whom one-fourth had abnormal muscle status. After full adjustment for relevant confounders, a longer diarrhea duration was associated with abnormal muscle status (incidence rate ratio, 1.7, 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.3, P = 0.002). Similarly, a longer LOS was associated with abnormal muscle status (incidence rate ratio, 1.3, 95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.5, P = 0.007). The association with diarrhea duration was consistent across conditioning therapy but more pronounced in patients with multiple myeloma or lower pretransplant protein intake. CONCLUSIONS: Pretransplant muscle status was associated with the diarrhea duration within 14 d of transplantation and LOS in HSCT patients. These results support pretransplant nutritional assessment and early intervention to maintain muscle status.
Comment on "Ghrelin's role in regulating food intake among inpatients at nutritional risk: A secondary analysis of the randomized clinical trial EFFORT".
Kumar VV
Nutrition · 2026 Apr · PMID 42173759 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Nutrition provision across acute hospitalization in adult patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A prospective multicenter observational, registry-embedded study.
Ferguson CE, Tatucu-Babet OA, Bailey M … +12 more , Burrell A, Diehl A, Ferrie S, Fraser JF, Higgins AM, Lambell KJ, Nair P, Nyulasi I, Paul E, Hodgson CL, Ridley EJ, Australia and New Zealand ECMO Nutrition Investigators
Nutrition · 2026 Sep · PMID 42172821 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are considered nutritionally vulnerable, with previous studies focussed on Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission alone. We aimed to address this gap...
BACKGROUND: Patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are considered nutritionally vulnerable, with previous studies focussed on Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission alone. We aimed to address this gap by describing nutrition provision and practices during the ICU and post-ICU ward admission in adults who received ECMO. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted across ten tertiary hospitals within the ECMO registry (EXCEL) in Australia. Data were collected on day 1 (ECMO initiation), 3, 7 and then 7-daily to day 60. The primary outcome was energy provision (% of clinician-prescribed target). Secondary outcomes were energy delivery (kcal/day), protein delivery (g/day) and protein provision (% of clinician-prescribed target). Mixed-effects linear modelling was used to compare data in the ICU and post-ICU ward setting. RESULTS: 147 patients were included between June 2022 and July 2023; 91 (62%) males, mean ± standard deviation age 48 ± 16 y. The median [interquartile range] duration of ECMO was 6 d [4-12], with an ICU and hospital stay of 18 d [10-28] and 27 d [12-48] respectively. Energy delivery was 1223 ± 568 kcal/d in ICU (n = 140) and 1519 ± 765 kcal/d on the post-ICU ward in a subgroup with available data (n = 37), providing 64 ± 26% and 70 ± 34% of energy targets, respectively. Protein delivery was 60 ± 31 g/d in ICU and 72 ± 40 g/d on the post-ICU ward meeting 61 ± 29% and 77 ± 40% of protein targets, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the ICU and post-ICU ward. CONCLUSIONS: Energy and protein delivery were comparable between the ICU and post-ICU ward, consistently remaining below prescribed targets. This may reflect an evidence-based shift early in ICU, but persistent deficits post-ICU may impair recovery and warrant further investigation. STUDY REGISTRATION: https://www.anzctr.org.au/. TRIAL ID: ACTRN12623000304639.
Impact of oral nutritional supplementation on nutritional and functional outcomes in patients with incurable cancer under palliative care.
Wiegert EVM, Andrade PV, Monteiro J … +1 more , Calixto-Lima L
Nutrition · 2026 Sep · PMID 42172820 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of nutritional counseling combined with oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) on nutritional and functional outcomes in patients with incurable cancer receiving exclusive palliative ca...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of nutritional counseling combined with oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) on nutritional and functional outcomes in patients with incurable cancer receiving exclusive palliative care. METHODS: This prospective longitudinal cohort study included adult patients with incurable cancer followed at a specialized palliative care unit between June 2021 and February 2025. Data were collected at baseline (T0) and at 30-day (T1) and 60-day (T2) follow-up visits. All participants received individualized nutritional counseling and high-calorie, high-protein ONS. Outcomes included body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm muscle area (MUAMA), calf circumference (CC), handgrip strength (HGS), Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), and the short form of the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA SF). Nutritional status was additionally classified using GLIM criteria, sarcopenia, and cachexia definitions. RESULTS: A total of 208 patients were included (median age 64 years; 53.4% female). BW, BMI, CC, MUAMA, and KPS remained stable throughout follow-up. HGS improved significantly (T0-T1: P < 0.001; T1-T2: P = 0.019), and PG-SGA SF scores decreased from T0 to T1 (P < 0.001). The prevalence of high nutritional risk (PG-SGA SF ≥ 9) decreased over time (52.4% to 25.7%; P < 0.001). Among patients who maintained or improved nutritional and functional status, all variables showed significant gains (P < 0.001). The prevalence of sarcopenia (48.6% at T0 versus 46.7% at T2) and cachexia (71.0% at T0 versus 73.5% at T2) remained relatively stable over the 60-day follow-up, whereas GLIM-defined malnutrition decreased significantly from 95.7% at baseline to 84.4% at T2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ONS combined with nutritional counseling may help maintain or improve nutritional and functional outcomes in patients with incurable cancer receiving exclusive palliative care, supporting the role of specialized nutritional care within comprehensive palliative management. Further studies should explore long-term benefits and identify subgroups most likely to respond.
Prevalence of behaviors associated with binge eating disorder (BED) in nutrition students during remote and in-person teaching.
Nurjaya N, Adhyanti A, Nurfatimah N … +1 more , Ramadhan K
Nutrition · 2026 Apr · PMID 42168046 · Publisher ↗
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Nutritional assessment in relation to breastfeeding and current protein intake in schoolchildren from indigenous communities of Ecuador.
Benítez Rodríguez AS, Miqueiro Rossido E, Mayorga Mazón CLM … +1 more , Guerendiain Margni ME
Nutrition · 2026 Sep · PMID 42166922 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Stunting is highly prevalent in indigenous communities and may be associated with nutritional deficits; however, scientific evidence is limited. Thus, we studied the nutritional status of indigenous schoolchi...
OBJECTIVES: Stunting is highly prevalent in indigenous communities and may be associated with nutritional deficits; however, scientific evidence is limited. Thus, we studied the nutritional status of indigenous schoolchildren from Licán, Riobamba, Ecuador, and its relationship to breastfeeding history and current protein intake. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study including 81 children (5-9 years) was conducted. Nutritional status (weight, height and body mass index (BMI); assessed using Anthro Plus software), exclusive breastfeeding duration and weaning age (applying a questionnaire), and daily protein intake (analyzing the amount of food and preparations consumed; 24-hour recall) were evaluated. RESULTS: 23.5% of the schoolchildren presented stunting, and 18.5% had excess weight. Children exclusively breastfed for 7-11 months had a greater height (117.0 ± 0.61m versus 114.9 ± 0.72m, P = 0.047) and height/age Z-score (-0.8 ± 1.1 versus -1.5 ± 0.9, P = 0.039) than those breastfed for ≥12mo. Weaning age had a direct relation to weight (r = 0.247, P = 0.027) and BMI (r = 0.308, P = 0.005). Both BMI [16.96kg/m (tercile 3, T3) versus 15.42kg/m (T1), P = 0.035] and BMI/age Z-score [0.69 (T3) versus -0.20 (T1), P = 0.041] were greater in children weaned at ≥19mo. An indirect relation was found between daily protein intake per body weight and height (r = -0.315, P = 0.004), and BMI (r = -0.322, P = 0.003). Children with stunting consumed greater amounts of protein/kg/day [χ(2) = 6.739, P = 0.034; t-test: 2.6 ± 0.7 versus 2.02 ± 0.84g/kg/day, P = 0.038], while their BMI and BMI/age Z-score were lower (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding history and current protein intake of schoolchildren from Lican indigenous communities were associated with nutritional status; however, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Poor appetite predicts incident muscle weakness and disability: a multi-country longitudinal study of European older adults.
Hussain MA, Qaisar R, Karim A … +5 more , Ahmad F, Naheed S, Saeed K, Alhussain MH, Alkahtani SA
Nutrition · 2026 Sep · PMID 42166921 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Poor appetite, often termed anorexia of ageing, may serve as an early marker of adverse health outcomes in old age. This study aimed to evaluate whether poor appetite predicts incident low handgrip strength (...
BACKGROUND: Poor appetite, often termed anorexia of ageing, may serve as an early marker of adverse health outcomes in old age. This study aimed to evaluate whether poor appetite predicts incident low handgrip strength (HGS), physical disabilities, and reduced quality of life (QoL) in older adults across Europe. METHODS: Data were drawn from waves 5-9 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), including individuals aged 50+. Appetite status was assessed at baseline (2013), and outcomes were tracked longitudinally. Incident low HGS, physical disabilities, and low quality of life were analyzed using logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, country, comorbidity burden, depressive symptoms (Euro‑D scale), and reduced body mass index. RESULTS: Poor appetite at baseline was a strong predictor of adverse outcomes. In adjusted models, poor appetite was independently associated with higher odds of incident low HGS, physical disabilities, and low QoL, with the strongest effects observed in adults aged 66+; sex‑specific patterns were evident, with women showing greater susceptibility to mobility limitations and men to muscle weakness. The compounded effect of poor appetite, older age, and female gender was particularly pronounced. Incidence rates of all outcomes were nearly doubled in those with poor appetite compared to those with good appetite. CONCLUSION: Poor appetite is a robust, independent predictor of future muscle weakness, physical disability, and reduced QoL. Routine appetite assessment may help identify at-risk individuals and guide early interventions in ageing populations.
Renal nutrition practices in Brazilian dialysis units and the influence of specialized training.
Nerbass FB, Antunes AA, Cuppari L
Nutrition · 2026 Sep · PMID 42155576 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Nutrition is a cornerstone of dialysis care, contributing to improved quality of life and reduced risk of complications. Given the complexity and evolving evidence base of renal nutrition, understanding curren...
OBJECTIVE: Nutrition is a cornerstone of dialysis care, contributing to improved quality of life and reduced risk of complications. Given the complexity and evolving evidence base of renal nutrition, understanding current professional practices is essential. This study aimed to describe the clinical practices of dietitians working in dialysis units in Brazil and to assess whether additional training in renal nutrition is associated with differences in these practices. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used a quantitative approach. Dietitians currently working in dialysis units across Brazil were invited to participate. Data were collected between through an online, self-administered questionnaire distributed via social media and professional messaging groups. The instrument assessed practices related to the management of metabolic disturbances, promotion of healthy eating, use of educational tools, and implementation of patient care strategies. Practices were compared between dietitians with and without additional training in renal nutrition. RESULTS: A total of 232 dietitians working in 260 dialysis units completed the questionnaire, representing approximately 29% of registered dialysis centers in Brazil. Most respondents (73%) reported having additional training in renal nutrition. Compared with dietitians without additional training, those with training more frequently reported comprehensive management of serum phosphorus and potassium, greater integration within multidisciplinary teams, provision of individualized meal plans, and monitoring of more complex laboratory parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Additional training in renal nutrition is associated with more comprehensive and evidence-based nutritional practices among dietitians working in dialysis units, highlighting the importance of professional qualification to optimize nutrition care in this setting.
Programming offspring bone health: mechanistic perspectives on maternal macro- and micronutrient intake.
Kumar AR, Roy SJ, Sharan K
Nutrition · 2026 Sep · PMID 42155575 · Publisher ↗
Maternal nutrition is a critical determinant of offspring bone health through the process of fetal programming. Adequate intake of both macro- and micronutrients during pregnancy supports skeletal development, bone miner...
Maternal nutrition is a critical determinant of offspring bone health through the process of fetal programming. Adequate intake of both macro- and micronutrients during pregnancy supports skeletal development, bone mineralization, and long-term bone health. In contrast, maternal undernutrition, overnutrition, or nutrient imbalance can impair bone quality, alter microarchitecture, and increase the risk of osteoporosis in later life. Emerging evidence indicates that these effects are mediated by hormonal regulation, oxidative stress, and epigenetic modifications that influence osteoblast function and gene expression. In this narrative review, we critically evaluate the effect of maternal nutrition on offspring bone health and underlying mechanisms, with emphasis on macro- and micronutrients. Studies in animal and human models reveal that both excessive and deficient maternal diets disrupt the offspring's bone microarchitecture, highlighting how nutrient-sensing pathways, endocrine signalling, and epigenetic mechanisms perpetuate these effects across generations. Despite substantial advances in understanding maternal nutrition's role in offspring bone health, critical gaps remain, particularly in human intervention trials evaluating the impact of maternal macro and micronutrient status on progeny skeletal development. Accordingly, this review highlights current research gaps and outlines future directions necessary to advance understanding in this field. A deeper knowledge of these mechanisms will help develop targeted nutritional strategies during pregnancy to optimize offspring skeletal outcomes and reduce long-term risk of bone disease.
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