West African Journal Of Medicine[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Clinical and Ultrasonographic Correlates of Knee Pain in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.
Aderibigbe AS, Ayoola OO, Kolawole BA … +1 more , Esan O
West Afr J Med · 2025 May · PMID 41051142
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the prevalence of knee pain in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients and to compare associated structural ultrasonographic arthritic changes with non-diabetic controls. Associat...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the prevalence of knee pain in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients and to compare associated structural ultrasonographic arthritic changes with non-diabetic controls. Associations between T2DM knee pain, clinical variables and ultrasonographic arthritic changes were also investigated. METHODS: Using a high frequency linear ultrasound probe (7.5-12MHz), both knees of 78 consecutive T2DM patients and 30 age and sex matched non-diabetic controls without knee pain were scanned. RESULTS: Seventy-eight T2DM patients and 30 controls with mean ages of 63.0±10.4years (M:F = 1:1.9) and 2.3±10.5years (M:F = 1:0.9) respectively were studied. Forty (51.8%) T2DM patient presented with unilateral or bilateral knee pain while clinical pes anserinus tendinitis bursitis syndrome (PATBS) was diagnosed exclusively in 8 female T2DM patients, constituting 10.0% of the total T2DM group. At least 1 positive ultrasonographic arthritic change was found in 98.5% T2DM knees with pain, 86.8% T2DM knee without pain, and 69.2 % control knees (p< 0.05). Independent predictors of knee joint pain are age >60 years (OR=3.5), obesity (OR=2.9), and medial meniscal protrusion (OR=8.7). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonographic arthritic changes are highly prevalent in T2DM patients with and without knee pain. Independent predictors of knee joint pains are age > 60 years, obesity, and medial meniscal protrusion.
"Life without an Anus": Experience of Cancer Patients Living with Colostomy in South West Nigeria.
Wuraola FO, Aderounmu AA, Jackman J … +6 more , Yibrehu B, Olasehinde O, Ogunyemi M, Adisa AO, Kingham TP, Alatise IO
West Afr J Med · 2025 May · PMID 41051126
INTRODUCTION: As the incidence of colorectal cancer increases in Nigeria, more patients will get colostomies. Previous studies of patients with colostomies in other African countries have reported significant decreases i...
INTRODUCTION: As the incidence of colorectal cancer increases in Nigeria, more patients will get colostomies. Previous studies of patients with colostomies in other African countries have reported significant decreases in quality of life. Understanding the experiences of Nigerian patients is crucial for designing interventions that ensure patients can maintain a high quality of life after colostomy. This study aims to explore the impact of colostomy on the quality of life of Nigerian patients. METHODS: Between August and December 2022, 16 in-depth interviews were conducted with patients who had undergone a colostomy for at least six months. Patients were identified through an institutional database of colorectal cancer patients at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital in Southwest Nigeria. RESULTS: Patients overwhelmingly reported life-altering challenges related to their colostomy. Some of the most commonly reported challenges included social isolation, financial constraints, sexual dissatisfaction, and altered self-image. Patients also reported that they did not understand until after surgery what it would be like to live with a colostomy. CONCLUSION: As the number of cancer patients with colostomies increases in Nigeria, it is important to address the social and financial barriers that patients face after having a colostomy.
Clinical Characteristics and Predictors of Depression among the Older Adults Attending the Family Medicine Clinic of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto in Northwestern Nigeria.
Akogwu HS, Baamlong ND, Grema BA … +3 more , Adebisi AS, Kaoje AA, Abubakar A
West Afr J Med · 2025 May · PMID 41051074
BACKGROUND: Depression represents a major international public health problem for both developed and developing countries. It is associated with increased risk of morbidity, suicide, decreased physical, cognitive and soc...
BACKGROUND: Depression represents a major international public health problem for both developed and developing countries. It is associated with increased risk of morbidity, suicide, decreased physical, cognitive and social function, and greater self-neglect, which in turn is associated with increased mortality. OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to determine the clinical characteristics and predictors of depression among the elderly attending the family medicine clinic of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: The study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study of 391 elderly participants in the family medicine clinic of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, recruited through systematic sampling technique. Data was collected using a pre-tested, structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, and Folstein (MMSE). The GDS-30 was used to screen for depression. BMI was calculated and data analyzed using SPSS version 20. Test of associations was done using the Chi-square test, and logistic regression was done; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression among the elderly was found to be 41.2%. Following logistic regression, being married (OR=0.559, 95% CI=0.321-0.974), bereavement in the last six months (OR=2.35, 95% CI=1.138- 4.480), poor subjective health status (OR=0.141, 95% CI=0.057-0.348), and abnormal BMI (OR=0.425, 95% CI=0.221-0.818) were found to be predictors of elderly depression in the study. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depression among older adults was high, and the study recommends early screening, detection and management of risk factors of depressive disorder in older adults by primary care physicians.
Antepartum Risk Stratification and Its Influence on Labour Interventions and Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Kuku-Kuye T, Olumodeji AM, Oyebode OC … +5 more , Adefemi AK, Adedeji MO, Oshodi YA, Ottun TA, Rabiu KA
West Afr J Med · 2025 May · PMID 41050886
BACKGROUND: Early identification of risk factors in pregnancy is essential to improving maternal and neonatal outcomes. High-risk pregnancies, characterized by maternal or fetal factors that increase the likelihood of co...
BACKGROUND: Early identification of risk factors in pregnancy is essential to improving maternal and neonatal outcomes. High-risk pregnancies, characterized by maternal or fetal factors that increase the likelihood of complications, contribute significantly to maternal mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study examines the influence of antepartum risk stratification on labour interventions and outcomes among women in Lagos, Nigeria. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 507 women admitted to the labour ward at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) from May 2019 to April 2022. Participants were classified as low-risk or high-risk based on antenatal clinical profiles, including sociodemographic, obstetric, and medical factors. Outcomes were assessed based on labour interventions (induction, augmentation, mode of delivery) and neonatal outcomes (APGAR scores, NICU admissions). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression to identify factors associated with high-risk classification and outcomes. RESULTS: High-risk pregnancies constituted 17.6% of the cohort and were associated with younger maternal age, nulliparity, and higher antenatal care utilization. High-risk women had significantly higher rates of induction (14.6% vs. 1.2%), oxytocin augmentation (27% vs. 5.3%), and emergency cesarean delivery (39.3% vs. 23.4%). Neonates of high-risk pregnancies had lower APGAR scores and higher NICU admissions (25.8% vs. 3.8%, p < 0.001). Increased ANC attendance was significantly associated with high-risk classification. CONCLUSION: High-risk pregnancies are associated with increased maternal and neonatal complications, highlighting the importance of early risk stratification and adherence to WHO guidelines for adequate antenatal care. Strengthening ANC services and timely interventions can improve outcomes in LMICs.
Correlates of Histologic Activity and Chronicity Indices in Adult Patients with Glomerulonephritides: A Nigerian Picture.
Bamikefa TA, Adelakun A, Adefidipe A … +7 more , Omosule B, Ezeugonwa R, Omotoso B, Hassan MO, Okunola OO, Sanusi AA, Arogundade FA
West Afr J Med · 2025 May · PMID 41049107
BACKGROUND: Globally, glomerulonephritis with its diverse clinical manifestations and histologic attributes still maintains a dominant position among the myriads of aetiological culprits associated with the pathophysiolo...
BACKGROUND: Globally, glomerulonephritis with its diverse clinical manifestations and histologic attributes still maintains a dominant position among the myriads of aetiological culprits associated with the pathophysiologic course of chronic kidney disease. This study distinctively correlated the graded and scored histologic features observed in the glomerulus and tubulo-interstitium with clinical and biochemical features. METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study of 70 adult patients who presented consecutively with features of glomerulonephritis was carried out. Renal biopsies were undertaken after renal function assessment. Light microscopy and immunoperoxidase staining utilising IgA, IgM, IgG and C3 antibodies were carried out on the biopsied renal tissues. The degree of glomerular, tubular, interstitial and vascular affectation were graded and scored. Total activity and chronicity indices were collated and their association/correlation with clinical parameters assessed. RESULTS: Male gender predominated (67.2%) with an overall mean age of 28.4 ±10.3 years. Statistically significant correlations were found between interstitial oedema with serum creatinine (r=0.35, p=0.003) and GFR (r=-0.38, p=0.004); interstitial infiltrate with serum creatinine (r=0.52, p<0.0002) and GFR (r=-0.70, p=0.002); total activity index with serum creatinine (r=0.60, p=0.0001) and GFR (r= -0.48, p = 0.004). Statistically significant correlations were also seen between total chronicity indices with serum creatinine (r=0.62, p=0.001) and GFR (r= -0.58, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Both activity and chronicity indices significantly influenced renal function. The higher they are, the lower the GFR and vice versa. These further buttress the need for aggressive management protocol for GN patients with higher indices to slow down renal function decline.
Renal Replacement Therapy and Kidney Transplantation: Addressing Gaps in Access and Outcomes.
Erhabor GE
West Afr J Med · 2025 May · PMID 41046450
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in West Africa: A Severe Aortic Stenosis Case Report.
Majekodunmi T, Oguntuga OK
West Afr J Med · 2025 Apr · PMID 40987259
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Aortic valve stenosis (AoS) is the most common valvular pathology in the elderly, many of whom are ineligible or high-risk for surgery due to comorbidities. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantat...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Aortic valve stenosis (AoS) is the most common valvular pathology in the elderly, many of whom are ineligible or high-risk for surgery due to comorbidities. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) was developed as a less invasive alternative to Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (SAVR) for patients with severe AoS. Its efficacy was first demonstrated in the landmark PARTNER trial, which compared TAVI to medical therapy in ineligible SAVR patients. Subsequent studies have validated its use in intermediate and low-risk groups. Despite its growing adoption, there has yet to be a report of a successful TAVI procedure in West Africa. METHODS: The procedure involved transcatheter aortic valve implantation using radial and femoral arterial access. A 14Fr Python sheath was introduced after vessel dilation, and the valve was crimped and positioned in the aortic annulus under fluoroscopic guidance. Serial aortograms confirmed accurate placement, and haemostasis was achieved using a Proglide suture, protamine administration, and manual pressure. The patient was transferred to the ICU post-procedure for monitoring. RESULTS: The patient's post-procedure imaging showed a well-seated valve with trivial central aortic regurgitation, no paravalvular leak, and an insignificant gradient of 12.25 mmHg. The patient remained stable, resumed anticoagulation, and was discharged with a follow-up scheduled in one week. CONCLUSIONS: This case report details the successful prosthetic aortic valve implantation in an 83-year-old high-risk surgical candidate with hypertension and bilateral knee replacements. It marks a significant step toward adopting less invasive valvular heart disease management approaches in the region.
Health-Related Social Media Misinformation: Implications for the Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Menakaya NC, Unuigbe EI
West Afr J Med · 2025 Apr · PMID 40986974
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The use of social media platforms for social and educational interactions has transformed the way information sharing takes place. However, this has also exposed the public to health-related misinform...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The use of social media platforms for social and educational interactions has transformed the way information sharing takes place. However, this has also exposed the public to health-related misinformation, posing significant challenges for global health. This is particularly challenging in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where the burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) now compounds existing challenges from communicable diseases. This review aimed to examine the growing challenge of health-related social media misinformation and the potential implications for NCD burden in SSA, and explore possible strategies for combating social media misinformation in the context of NCDs. DATA SOURCE: Useful data for this review were obtained by consultation of online sources of information using search engines and online databases. FINDINGS: Social media platforms serve various health-related purposes, including health interventions, health campaigns, medical education, disease outbreak surveillance, and behavior change. WhatsApp, Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), and YouTube are the leading platforms associated with health-related misinformation in SSA. Potential implications of health-related social media misinformation are misconceived clinical diagnosis, inappropriate self-medication and failure to adhere to evidence-based treatment modalities. CONCLUSIONS: Social media misinformation in the area of NCDs can potentially influence people's health-related attitudes, behaviour and undermine appropriate implementation of evidence-based interventions. Collaboration among stake holders such as healthcare professionals, religious organizations and social media influencers, as well as public awareness campaigns and regulatory policies are plausible strategies for combating the issue. There is limited research on the implications of health-related social media misinformation on NCDs in SSA highlighting the need for further studies.
Barriers and Facilitators to Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services in Eswatini: A Scoping Review.
Maseko TN, Tsoka-Gwegweni JM, Dlamini X … +2 more , Nkambule R, Okello V
West Afr J Med · 2025 Apr · PMID 40986913
BACKGROUND: The implementation of cervical cancer screening programmes in Eswatini has been shown to be helpful in lowering both the occurrence and fatality rates associated with cervical cancer. However, there is a low...
BACKGROUND: The implementation of cervical cancer screening programmes in Eswatini has been shown to be helpful in lowering both the occurrence and fatality rates associated with cervical cancer. However, there is a low level of screening participation among women. AIM: To provide a comprehensive synthesis of the barriers and facilitators to the uptake of cervical screening services from the perspectives of the healthcare providers (supply side) and the individuals receiving the screening (demand side) in Eswatini. METHODS: The review followed the guidelines set out by the PRISMA scoping review criteria of peer-reviewed research publications that were published during the last five years. The publications included in the study were primarily centred on the documentation of Eswatini's nationwide endeavours in cervical cancer screening. A total of four databases were used, namely Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. RESULTS: A total of 16 records fulfilled the established criteria for inclusion. The research primarily examined many aspects related to the supply side of cervical cancer (CC) screening. These aspects included the training and skills of health workers, the extent of CC screening service coverage, the capacity of health services, and the resource limitations that contribute to inadequate implementation and delivery of CC screening services. CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes of the review revealed the need for implementers to take into account the interplay between demand-side and supply-side elements that support the provision and acceptance of cervical cancer screening services. CONTRIBUTION: The review presents evidence on barriers, enablers and practice in cervical cancer screening in Africa.
A Two-Year Prospective Study of the Mechanisms and Patterns of Limb Injury in Multiply Injured Patients at UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria.
Adedire A, Olarewaju S, Faniyi AJ … +7 more , Oyeniyi GA, Ojewuyi OO, Ogungbemi AO, Olayemi O, Olanipekun O, Ala OA, Otiti AT
West Afr J Med · 2025 Apr · PMID 40986889
BACKGROUND: Multiple injured patients are patients who sustained injury to more than one system in the body, while a polytraumatized patient is the one who sustained injury to two or more regions of a system in the body....
BACKGROUND: Multiple injured patients are patients who sustained injury to more than one system in the body, while a polytraumatized patient is the one who sustained injury to two or more regions of a system in the body. Better patient outcomes and effective management depend on an understanding of the patterns and characteristics of limb injuries in the multiply injured individuals. This is especially important in places with little resources, like Southwestern Nigeria, where trauma is common and it's important to make the best use of the few available medical resources. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine the common aetiology that led to various limb injuries in the multiple injured patients at UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun state. METHODOLOGY: A prospective observational design was employed, involving multiple injured patients admitted to UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital from May 1st, 2022 to April 30th, 2024. Data collection includes demographic information, aetiology of the injury and type of injury sustained. SPSS Version 20 was employed to determine the frequency and distribution of data. Descriptive analysis revealed demographic characteristics, patterns of limb injury, highlighting the common causes, prevalence of different types of limb injuries, distribution of affected limbs and sides in the multiply injured patients. RESULT: The study found a higher representation of males in road traffic accidents, with a diverse age group. Most participants were passengers or pedestrians, with 71.4% of injuries being closed. Most participants did not use seat belts and were not seated. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that limb injuries from road traffic accidents predominantly affected young adult males, with motorcycle crashes being the leading cause. Fractures, especially of the lower limbs, were the most common injury types, and surgical intervention was frequently required. These findings show the significant burden of limb trauma managed at UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital and emphasize the demographic and clinical patterns associated with such injuries.
Evaluating Serum Cystatin C as A Marker of Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate in Pregnant Women: A Better Alternative to Creatinine?
Adebisi OO, Bakare AK, Adebisi OI … +4 more , Adeniyi MA, Faponle AE, Soile BH, Okunola OO
West Afr J Med · 2025 Apr · PMID 40986868
BACKGROUND: Monitoring kidney function during pregnancy is vital, especially in women with hypertensive disorders like preeclampsia. Serum creatinine, although widely used, is limited in sensitivity due to physiological...
BACKGROUND: Monitoring kidney function during pregnancy is vital, especially in women with hypertensive disorders like preeclampsia. Serum creatinine, although widely used, is limited in sensitivity due to physiological changes in pregnancy. Cystatin C, a novel biomarker, has emerged as a potentially superior and early indicator of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of cystatin C compared to creatinine in pregnant women. METHODS: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 180 pregnant women at a tertiary centre in Nigeria. Participants included 90 women with preeclampsia and 90 normotensive controls. The respondents were interviewed using a pre-tested, interviewer -administered, semi-structured questionnaire. Serum creatinine and cystatin C levels were measured, and estimated GFR was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation. Group comparisons and correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS: Mean serum cystatin C levels were significantly higher in preeclamptic women (1.09 ± 0.62 mg/L) compared to controls (0.80 ± 0.22 mg/L, p < 0.001). Although mean serum creatinine levels were slightly higher in the preeclamptic group (89.4 ± 52.5 µmol/L) than in the control group (86.9 ± 47.5 µmol/L), the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.168). Cystatin C demonstrated a stronger inverse correlation with eGFR (r = -0.68) than creatinine (r = -0.49). Kidney dysfunction (eGFR < 60 mL/min) was detected in 11.1% of preeclamptic women using cystatin C-based threshold and absent in normotensive controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Cystatin C outperforms serum creatinine in detecting early kidney dysfunction in pregnancy and may be a more reliable tool for antenatal screening, especially in high-risk populations. Its adoption could improve early diagnosis and clinical outcomes in resource-limited settings.
Incidence and Short-Term Outcome of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients in Southern Nigeria: A Multi-Centre Retrospective Study.
Egbi OG, Adejumo OA, Okoye OC … +5 more , Ahmed SD, Owolade SS, Edema OG, Ndu VO, Erohubie C
West Afr J Med · 2025 Apr · PMID 40986848
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Despite the burden and severity of AKI in ICU patients, there is limited epidemiologic information in Sub-Saharan Africa. Epidemiologic data on AKI in critically ill patients are required to ad...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Despite the burden and severity of AKI in ICU patients, there is limited epidemiologic information in Sub-Saharan Africa. Epidemiologic data on AKI in critically ill patients are required to advocate for government health policies that will reduce the burden of AKI. This study determined the incidence, aetiologies, and short-term outcomes of AKI in ICU patients in Southern Nigeria. METHODS: A multi-centre retrospective descriptive study of all patients with medical conditions, who developed AKI in the ICU of the participating hospitals during the study period. Data collected include socio-demographics, hospital-related data such as duration of stay in ICU, past and current medical history, and outcome of illness. RESULTS: Out of 473 cases, AKI was diagnosed in 203 (42.9%). Seventy-three (36.0%) were oliguric, 50.2% had non-oliguric AKI, while it was not specified in 13.8% patients. The most common causes of AKI were hypovolaemia (34.0%) and sepsis (27.6%). Factors associated with the development of AKI were sepsis [AOR:6.17; CI:2.33-16.32; p = <0.001] and need for inotropes [AOR:2.03; CI:1.34-3.94; P = 0.003]. Although dialysis was indicated in 34 (16.7%) of the AKI patients, 58.8% of them received it. One hundred and sixteen (57.1%) of the AKI patients were discharged with full renal recovery, while 40.9% died. CONCLUSION: Four out of every 10 patients admitted into the ICU developed AKI, and the common aetiologies were hypovolaemia and sepsis. Regular critical care training is required to effectively identify at-risk patients and to take prompt measures towards mitigating these risks.
Comparative Ultrasound Evaluation of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Preeclamptic and Healthy Normotensive Pregnant Women at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.
Ojeyemi OE, Ojeyemi K, Ogunsuji O … +3 more , Akinmoladun J, Obajimi G, Ogbole G
West Afr J Med · 2025 Apr · PMID 40986640
INTRODUCTION: Preeclampsia is defined as hypertension occurring after 20 weeks of gestation with associated proteinuria. It remains one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in developin...
INTRODUCTION: Preeclampsia is defined as hypertension occurring after 20 weeks of gestation with associated proteinuria. It remains one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The increased risk of atherosclerosis makes affected women more prone to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), measured non-invasively by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound, offers an opportunity for early identification of women with atherosclerosis, thereby allowing preventive measures and early intervention. METHODS: A prospective comparative study conducted at the Radiology Department of the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Seventy women with preeclampsia were consecutively recruited into the study, and an equal number of normotensive pregnant women, matched by maternal and gestational age were selected between August 2022 and January 2023. Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) was assessed by ultrasound using the technique of 'multiple carotid sites measurement'. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 23, employing descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and Student's t-test to evaluate associations and compare CIMT values. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Mean CIMT values were 0.639 ± 0.152 mm and 0.663 ± 0.156 mm for women with preeclampsia, and 0.610 ± 0.131 mm and 0.618 ± 0.126 mm for normotensive pregnant women on the right and left respectively (95% CI, -0.002-0.092; p= 0.061). In preeclamptic and control groups, mean CIMT values were lower in nulliparous women compared with multiparous women. There was a positive correlation between the age of the participants and CIMT on the right (r = 0.067) and left (r = 0.150). A positive correlation was also demonstrated between blood pressure and CIMT on both sides. CONCLUSION: Mean CIMT values were higher on both sides in women with preeclampsia compared with normotensive pregnant women.
Contemporary Baseline Clinical Profile of Chronic Hypertensive Heart Failure in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Ogah OS, Orimolade OA, Adebiyi AA … +13 more , Adebayo OM, Aje A, Adeoye AM, Babatunde AO, Okeke MF, Attah OP, Obiekwe FO, Onuigbo CS, Ogah CM, Afolabi TK, Ayodele EF, Odenigbo MN, Oladapo OO
West Afr J Med · 2025 Apr · PMID 40986548
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite this, there is still very little data on the pattern of hypertensive heart disease in...
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite this, there is still very little data on the pattern of hypertensive heart disease in SSA. OBJECTIVE: This study described the characteristics of heart failure caused by hypertensive heart disease in Ibadan, Nigeria. METHODS: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in the cardiology unit of the Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Eligible patients were those presenting with chronic hypertensive heart failure to the cardiology unit or referred to the unit for the same purpose. Data collection started from August 1, 2016, to July 31, 2021. Analysis was done with the SPSS statistical package. A 2-tailed p-value of <0.05 was assumed to be statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 753 subjects met the inclusion criteria for the study. The mean age of the population was 60.3 (range, 18-98 years). The most common co-morbidity was diabetes mellitus (13.9%). About 54% of the subjects had a previous history of heart failure. Serum sodium (p = 0.022), creatinine (p = 0.001), and total cholesterol (p = 0.004) were significantly higher in females. Men are more likely to have left-axis deviation (p=0.016) and left atrial abnormality (p=0.016). Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction was common in males. CONCLUSION: HHF in Ibadan, Nigeria, affects a relatively younger population compared to their counterparts in high-income countries. Our findings are similar to data from other parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Preventive programmes should be utilised at all levels to stem the menace of hypertension.
Frequency of Depression and its Associated Factors Among Stroke Survivors in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria.
Osaigbovo GO, Amusa GA, Alkali NH … +1 more , Zoakah AI
West Afr J Med · 2025 Apr · PMID 40986452
BACKGROUND: Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, and post-stroke depression is a common neuropsychiatric complication. Post-stroke depression is associated with increased disability, diminishe...
BACKGROUND: Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, and post-stroke depression is a common neuropsychiatric complication. Post-stroke depression is associated with increased disability, diminished quality of life, and elevated mortality rates among stroke survivors. Recognizing how common depression is among stroke survivors and the factors associated with it are crucial for timely intervention and improved rehabilitation outcomes. METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted at Jos University Teaching Hospital, with 396 adult stroke survivors. Participants were screened for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Confirmatory diagnoses were established using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-4 (SCID-IV). Data were analysed using SPSS version 25. RESULTS: Among the 396 stroke survivors, 81.8% screened positive for depression on the PHQ-9, while 87.9% were classified as depressed using the BDI. The SCID-IV confirmed depression in 42.4% of participants. Factors associated with post-stroke depression included elevated waist-hip ratio (AOR = 8.226; 95% CI: 2.628-25.760; p < 0.001), repeat stroke (AOR = 5.034; 95% CI: 2.767-9.160; p < 0.001), elevated body mass index (AOR = 3.007; 95% CI: 1.872-4.828; p < 0.001), post-stroke dependency (AOR = 2.798; 95% CI: 1.738-4.508; p < 0.001), and diabetes mellitus (AOR = 2.145; 95% CI: 1.309-3.513; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The frequency of depression among stroke survivors in Jos was high. The determinants of depression were obesity, previous history of stroke, diabetes mellitus and post-stroke disability. Early detection and targeted interventions are recommended to enhance better outcomes.
The Burden on Caregivers and Life Satisfaction Among Caregivers of Patients with Chronic Diseases Admitted to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Health Institution in Southwest Nigeria.
Anjorin OE, Oladejo ST, Salami MO … +13 more , Adebajo GO, Abati SO, Adebunmi EA, Okunade A, Adenle A, Ogbogu O, Faleye A, Afolabi MO, Komolafe A, Olasoji OI, Bamgbose JO, Salau OO, Daramola MA
West Afr J Med · 2025 Apr · PMID 40986441
INTRODUCTION: Caregivers of patients in hospital experience enormous strain and discomfort while caring for their loved ones. The burden on caregivers while caring for a hospitalised patient is also varied and requires p...
INTRODUCTION: Caregivers of patients in hospital experience enormous strain and discomfort while caring for their loved ones. The burden on caregivers while caring for a hospitalised patient is also varied and requires proper identification due to the significant role these caregivers play in the patient's outcome. Caregiver burden is related to the well-being of both the patient and caregiver; therefore, understanding the attributes associated with caregiver burden is important. AIM: To assess the relationship between the social, emotional, financial, and family burden with life satisfaction of caregivers of patients. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study that recruited 248 adult caregivers (18 years and above) of patients with chronic diseases admitted into the Emergency Department of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC). All caregivers who consented to participate in the study had an interviewer-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean age of caregivers was 41.27 ±15.28 years with a range of 16-89 years. More were within the age groups 21-30 years, and were mostly family members (94%). Sons/daughters were the most prevalent (39.1%), with daughters constituting 24.5% and sons were 14.6%. Majority (77.0%) of the caregivers experienced caregiver burden. The mean burden score based on the Zarit Burden Interview was 17.85±7.67 and 21.8% of the caregivers were dissatisfied with life. The rural dwellers experienced high burden and were less satisfied with life compared to the urban dwellers (p =0.029). Also, caregivers who had cared for their sick patient for three months to one year experienced higher burden compared to those who had cared for shorter duration (p=0.020). CONCLUSION: Caregiver burden was present among caregivers and the level of satisfaction with life can influence burden of care.
Toward Holistic Chronic Disease Care: Addressing the Intersecting Burdens on Patients and Caregivers in Low-Resource Health Systems.
Erhabor GE
West Afr J Med · 2025 Apr · PMID 40910801
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Barriers and Enablers of Antihypertensive Adherence Among a Nigerian Adult Hypertensive Population Seeking Care in Public Secondary Health Facilities in Delta State, Nigeria: A Mixed Methods Study.
Oyibo P, Uwomano O, Obohwemu KO … +3 more , Ndioho IF, Eke EO, Umuerri EM
West Afr J Med · 2025 Mar · PMID 40845429
BACKGROUND: Poor adherence to prescribed anti-hypertensive treatments remains a significant public health challenge in Nigeria. This study assessed the barriers and enablers of anti-hypertensive medication adherence amon...
BACKGROUND: Poor adherence to prescribed anti-hypertensive treatments remains a significant public health challenge in Nigeria. This study assessed the barriers and enablers of anti-hypertensive medication adherence among hypertensives seeking care in public secondary health facilities in Delta State, Nigeria. METHODS: A mixed quantitative and qualitative method was employed to assess the barriers and enablers of anti-hypertensive medication adherence among a random multistage sample of 451 adult hypertensives. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire and a focus group discussion guide. Descriptive and inferential analyses of the data collected were carried out using the IBM SPSS version 26 software. RESULTS: The mean age of the study participants was 53.5 (SD = 9.9) years, with 80.7% (n = 364) reporting poor anti-hypertensive medication adherence. Those with good adherence were likely to be at least 50 years old (AOR = 2.625; 95% CI: 1.353 - 4.485; P = 0.014), have tertiary education (AOR = 7.797; 95% CI: 3.359 - 9.758; P = 0.009), belong to the upper socio-economic class (AOR = 2.546; 95% CI: 1.968 - 4.761; P < 0.001) and living with hypertension for at least five years (AOR=1.752; 95% CI: 1.367 - 7.456; P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Anti-hypertensive medication adherence was generally poor among the study participants. There is a need for concerted efforts by health providers to regularly screen for anti-hypertensive adherence and provide qualitative health education targeted at improving adherence to medication among hypertensives.
Effects of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use on Fasting Blood Glucose Among Adult Type 2 Diabetics Attending General Outpatient Clinic in North Central Nigeria: Any Benefits?
De-Kaa NLP, Ornguga BO, Akwaras NA … +5 more , Swende LT, Daniel DA, Ocheifa MN, Shaahu VN, Igbudu TJ
West Afr J Med · 2025 Mar · PMID 40845372
BACKGROUND: Management of diabetes mellitus can be quite challenging especially if glucose control is poor necessitating the use of multiple health facilities. Failure of good control is usually multifactorial, leading t...
BACKGROUND: Management of diabetes mellitus can be quite challenging especially if glucose control is poor necessitating the use of multiple health facilities. Failure of good control is usually multifactorial, leading to an evolving trend in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by patients to improve outcome. In view of increasing use of CAM as adjunct or as an alternative treatment, more assessment on CAM use is needed. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of CAM use on fasting blood glucose on type 2 DM patients attending the General Outpatient Clinic. METHODS: Two hundred and forty-four adult type 2 diabetics selected using systematic sampling were recruited into the study. A semi- structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics and CAM use. Data obtained was analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 23). Statistical analyses were significant at p< 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The mean age ± standard deviation was 56.97 ±10.69 years. Overall CAM use was 40.1%. The highest proportion of CAM use was among those aged between 30 - 40 years (52.9%). Most of the CAM users (71.4%) had uncontrolled fasting blood glucose. Moringa was the most used CAM 61(34.4%). Those who did not use CAM (OR=1.95, CI= 1.12 - 3.37, p<0.05) were 1.95 times more likely to have controlled FBG, and was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Many of the diabetic patients used CAM and most of those who practiced concurrent use of CAM and orthodox medicine had poor glycaemic control. Developing a patient-centred approach to CAM use through health education, community engagement, workshops for CAM providers and strengthening health system will reduce reliance on CAM.
Risk of Insufficient Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Rivers State Nigeria.
Batubo UD, Oyan B, Umoren U … +3 more , Ogbamba S, Abere S, Unachukwu CN
West Afr J Med · 2025 Mar · PMID 40845204
BACKGROUND: The global increase in diabetes, especially in developing nations, has escalated complications like diabetic foot ulcers. Hypovitaminosis D is considerably prevalent among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mel...
BACKGROUND: The global increase in diabetes, especially in developing nations, has escalated complications like diabetic foot ulcers. Hypovitaminosis D is considerably prevalent among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and chronic vascular complications. The aim of this study was to determine the association between vitamin D levels and foot ulcers among patients with T2DM. METHODS: This study population comprised 88 individuals with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and 88 individuals with T2DM without DFUs. Vitamin D levels were assayed using blood samples according to standard methods. An independent t-test was done to analyze the difference between serum vitamin D levels in both groups. Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis were also performed. RESULTS: Majority of participants in the DFU group presented with Grade 2 and Grade 3 ulcers (Wagner's classification). There was a significant difference in serum vitamin D levels, indicating lower levels among cases (mean of 19.6 ng/ml ± 13.6) compared to controls (mean of 36.2 ng/ml ± 11.4) with a p-value of 0.014. Data shows 84.1% of persons with foot ulcers had deficient/insufficient serum vitamin D levels, while only 29.5% persons without DFU had deficient/insufficient vitamin D levels. Regression analysis shows that persons with DFU were 12.6 (6.0 - 26.2) times likely to have deficient/insufficient vitamin D levels. Chi-square analysis shows that the distribution of the DFU severity was significantly higher among persons with deficient serum Vitamin D levels (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Lower serum vitamin D levels are significantly associated with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Screening for and correcting vitamin D deficiency may potentially improve the outcome in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.
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