Child Welfare[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Promoting supervisory practice change in public child welfare: lessons from university/agency collaborative research in four states.
Collins-Camargo C, Millar K
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 22894017
This article describes qualitative findings regarding lessons learned from research and demonstration projects in four states focused on the implementation of clinical supervision within their public child welfare agenci...
This article describes qualitative findings regarding lessons learned from research and demonstration projects in four states focused on the implementation of clinical supervision within their public child welfare agencies. This was part of a larger mixed methods study of the effectiveness of these new clinical supervision models on practice, organizational, and client outcomes. Themes from 15 focus groups with frontline supervisors participating in the projects are provided; they focused on the challenges experienced while participating and working to use clinical supervision techniques, recommendations regarding implementing such projects in the public child welfare environment, and those aspects of the implementation that were most effective in supporting their work. These themes provide direction for states and localities wishing to shift frontline supervision to a more clinical model within the public child welfare setting.
Does formal integration between child welfare and behavioral health agencies result in improved placement stability for adolescents engaged with both systems?
Wells R, Chuang E
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 22894016
National survey data were used to assess whether child welfare agency ties to behavioral health care providers improved placement stability for adolescents served by both systems. Adolescents initially at home who were l...
National survey data were used to assess whether child welfare agency ties to behavioral health care providers improved placement stability for adolescents served by both systems. Adolescents initially at home who were later removed tended to have fewer moves when child welfare and behavioral health were in the same larger agency. Joint training of child welfare and behavioral health staff was negatively associated with numbers of moves and numbers of days out of home.
Transracial mothering and maltreatment: are black/white biracial children at higher risk?
Fusco RA, Rautkis ME
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 22894015
The number of people identifying as biracial is rapidly growing, though little is known about the experiences of interracial families. Previous work indicates that biracial children may be at elevated risk of entering th...
The number of people identifying as biracial is rapidly growing, though little is known about the experiences of interracial families. Previous work indicates that biracial children may be at elevated risk of entering the child welfare system. This could underscore additional risks faced by these families. This document includes data from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN), a project funded by the Administration on Children, Youth, and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and distributed by the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect. LONGSCAN data were used to examine familial risks associated with child maltreatment. White mothers of white children were compared to white mothers of biracial children with the hypothesis that interracial families would have less social and community support. Results showed that the women were similar in terms of mental health and parenting behaviors. There were no differences in maternal age, employment status, or presence of a partner. However, mothers of biracial children were poorer, had more alcohol use, and decreased social support. They experienced more intimate partner violence and lower neighborhood satisfaction. Findings have implications for intervention programs focused on reducing social isolation within interracial families.
Mandated reporting thresholds for community professionals.
Crowell K, Levi BH
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 22894014
This study examines how community-based mandated reporters understand and interpret reasonable suspicion, the standard threshold for mandated reporting of suspected child abuse. Respondents were asked to identify the pro...
This study examines how community-based mandated reporters understand and interpret reasonable suspicion, the standard threshold for mandated reporting of suspected child abuse. Respondents were asked to identify the probability necessary for "suspicion of child abuse" to constitute reasonable suspicion. Data were analyzed for internal consistency, evidence of a group standard, and associations with professional and educational demographics. There was a 90.4% response rate (1,233/1,364). On both ordinal probability and estimated probability scales, respondents demonstrated wide variability in the thresholds they identified for what constitutes reasonable suspicion. Comparing individual responses for the two scales, 83% were inconsistent. Responses on the estimated probability scale were correlated with frequency of reporting child abuse, professional background, and prior education on child abuse. Lack of consensus in how community professionals interpret reasonable suspicion raises the question of whether more specific training is needed for this threshold to be understood, interpreted, and applied in a consistent manner.
Expanded medical home model works for children in foster care.
Jaudes KP, Champagne V, Harden A … +2 more , Masterson J, Bilaver LA
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 22894013
The Illinois Child Welfare Department implemented a statewide health care system to ensure that children in foster care obtain quality health care by providing each child with a medical home. This study demonstrates that...
The Illinois Child Welfare Department implemented a statewide health care system to ensure that children in foster care obtain quality health care by providing each child with a medical home. This study demonstrates that the Medical Home model works for children in foster care providing better health outcomes in higher immunization rates.These children used the health care system more effectively and cost-effective as reflected in the higher utilization rates of primary care and well-child visits and lower utilization of emergency room care for children with chronic conditions.
Managing the changing landscape of child welfare in the 21st century.
Mallon GP
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 22894012
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Mental health of foster children: do biological fathers matter?
Vanschoonlandt F, Vanderfaeillie J, Van Holen F … +2 more , De Maeyer S, Andries C
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 24843953
The high prevalence of mental health problems in foster children is well-documented (e.g., Armsden, Pecora, Payne, & Szatkiewicz, 2000; Tarren-Sweeney, 2008). From an ecological perspective, it can be expected that sever...
The high prevalence of mental health problems in foster children is well-documented (e.g., Armsden, Pecora, Payne, & Szatkiewicz, 2000; Tarren-Sweeney, 2008). From an ecological perspective, it can be expected that several factors in different systems (e.g., foster child, foster family, biological parents, and community) influence foster children's behavioral problems. Mainly, the influence of pre-care experiences, such as a history of maltreatment (Oswald, Heil, & Goldbeck, 2010), and in-care experiences, such as the number of out-of-home placements (Newton, Litrownik, & Landsverk, 2000), is investigated and confirmed. Although the body of research on predictive factors of foster children's behavioral problems is growing (McWey, Acock, & Porter, 2010), the possible influence of one important party is being neglected: biological fathers. This is remarkable given the central role of birth parents in family foster care (O'Donnell, 2001), and even more striking given the growing evidence of the influence of fathers on developmental outcomes of children (Lamb, 2010). This study reports on the involvement of birth fathers during foster care placement of their child and their association with the foster child's well-being. First, we review the literature on the influence of parents on foster children's mental health and discuss the limited research on fathers' involvement. Next, the results of our study are presented and discussed.
Child protection policy reform in Quebec: its impact on placement and stability in substitute care.
Turcotte D, Hélie S
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 24843952
In recent years, the Government of Quebec has struggled to address the number of out-of-home child-protection placements as well as the problem of placement instability among children in care. In 2007, the Youth Protecti...
In recent years, the Government of Quebec has struggled to address the number of out-of-home child-protection placements as well as the problem of placement instability among children in care. In 2007, the Youth Protection Act (YPA) was modified to ensure that children benefit from continuity of care, stable relationships, and stable living conditions that correspond to their age and needs. This paper explores the effects of the new YPA by examining the changes in out-of-home placements and the stability of the children. Once the changes to the Act had come into effect, the number of children who were placed in substitute care decreased and their situations became more stable. Given that the social conditions of the families remained stable in the three years preceding and following 2007 (number of reports, funding), this result suggests that the changes to the Act have led to the observed effects.
The association between child maltreatment and coping strategies among Finnish 9th graders.
Lepistö S, Paavilainen E
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 24843951
Child maltreatment is commonplace, and adolescents are involved in it either as witnesses or victims. Research has shown that child maltreatment plays a major role in adolescent well-being and coping. The purpose of this...
Child maltreatment is commonplace, and adolescents are involved in it either as witnesses or victims. Research has shown that child maltreatment plays a major role in adolescent well-being and coping. The purpose of this study is to describe adolescents' experiences of child maltreatment and coping with it. The survey included 1,028 ninth-graders from one Finnish municipality. Further knowledge of child maltreatment and coping can help develop more effective interventions for increasing adolescents' health and well-being.
Defining a target population at high risk of long-term foster care: barriers to permanency for families of children with serious emotional disturbances.
Akin BA, Bryson SA, McDonald T … +1 more , Walker S
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 24843950
Long-term foster care (LTFC) is an enduring problem that lacks evidence of effective strategies for practice or policy. This article describes initial activities of a statewide project of the national Permanency Innovati...
Long-term foster care (LTFC) is an enduring problem that lacks evidence of effective strategies for practice or policy. This article describes initial activities of a statewide project of the national Permanency Innovations Initiative. The authors sought to: (1) verify the relevance of children's mental health as a predictor of LTFC, (2) describe critical barriers encountered by parents of children with serious emotional disturbances, and (3) identify systems barriers that hinder permanency for this target population.
Measuring social support among kinship caregivers: validity and reliability of the Family Support Scale.
Littlewood K, Swanke JR, Strozier A … +1 more , Kondrat D
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 24843949
The scope of research about kinship care has expanded. One area of interest is the impact social support has on kinship caregivers (Kelley, Whitley, & Campos, 2011). The Family Support Scale (FSS) has been used to measur...
The scope of research about kinship care has expanded. One area of interest is the impact social support has on kinship caregivers (Kelley, Whitley, & Campos, 2011). The Family Support Scale (FSS) has been used to measure social support among kinship caregivers (Kelley et al., 2011; Leder et al., 2007); however, there has been no rigorous examination of the psychometric properties of the FSS when administered to kinship caregivers. This study used a sample of 255 kinship caregivers to conduct a principal component analysis and developed a four-component structure for the FSS. The results suggest that the four-component structure identifies four sub-scales that have adequate face validity and internal consistency validity with this population.
Engaging families in the child welfare process utilizing the Family-Directed Structural Assesment Tool.
McLendon T, McLendon D, Dickerson PS … +2 more , Lyons JK, Tapp K
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 24843948
Effectively engaging parents in the provision of child welfare services is a crucial component of the helping process; however, it has proven to be an ongoing challenge for workers in this service area. The literature in...
Effectively engaging parents in the provision of child welfare services is a crucial component of the helping process; however, it has proven to be an ongoing challenge for workers in this service area. The literature indicates that outcomes are improved for children and families when parents are actively involved in service provision. This article presents a literature review specific to parental engagement in child welfare services, identifies gaps in service provision, and introduces the Family-Directed Structural Assessment Tool, which addresses several challenges of engaging parents in this process. The pilot utilization of this assessment tool by two Bachelor of Social Work students is also presented. Finally, implications for child welfare practice are described.
Parent engagement in child safety conferences: the role of parent representatives.
Lalayants M
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 24843947
Parent engagement is a critical and challenging task of child welfare, and meaningful parent engagement in a dialogue, service planning, and acceptance of services is even more challenging in the context of non-voluntary...
Parent engagement is a critical and challenging task of child welfare, and meaningful parent engagement in a dialogue, service planning, and acceptance of services is even more challenging in the context of non-voluntary child protection. This study described and examined the parent representation model that made use of parent representatives in engaging birthparents during child safety conferences in child protection. The findings identified the barriers to parental engagement and determined factors promoting engagement. Implications of this model are discussed.
Eyes on the prize: maintaining a family focus at home and abroad.
Mallon GP
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 24843946
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Massachusetts and Scotland: from juvenile justice to child welfare?
McGhee J, Alice L, Waterhouse M
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 24205555
Comparative data from two systems of dual jurisdiction, the Massachusetts juvenile court and the Scottish children's hearings, is examined to explore the relative use of child welfare and juvenile justice referrals in th...
Comparative data from two systems of dual jurisdiction, the Massachusetts juvenile court and the Scottish children's hearings, is examined to explore the relative use of child welfare and juvenile justice referrals in the lives of children. In Scotland, a radical shift away from juvenile delinquency toward child welfare cases has altered the system's capacity to fulfill a welfare-oriented approach to older adolescents. In Massachusetts, the juvenile court is becoming more welfare-oriented as older adolescents are claimed.
Supporting college success in foster care alumni: salient factors related to postsecondary retention.
Salazar AM
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 24205554
The current study aimed to identify factors associated with postsecondary disengagement for young people with foster care experience using survey data from a cross-sectional sample of foster care alumni scholarship recip...
The current study aimed to identify factors associated with postsecondary disengagement for young people with foster care experience using survey data from a cross-sectional sample of foster care alumni scholarship recipients. Bivariate and multivariate analyses revealed several factors that differentiated those who did and did not disengage from college. Recommendations are given for improving service provision for youth transitioning from foster care who are considering pursuing higher education.
Social workers and satisfaction with child welfare work: aspects of work, profession, and personal life that contribute to turnover.
Shier ML, Graham JR, Fukuda E … +4 more , Brownlee K, Kline TJ, Walji S, Novik N
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 24205553
Social workers practicing in government-mandated child welfare programs experience several unique challenges and workplace stressors that can contribute to social worker workplace dissatisfaction and higher rates of turn...
Social workers practicing in government-mandated child welfare programs experience several unique challenges and workplace stressors that can contribute to social worker workplace dissatisfaction and higher rates of turnover. Most research on workplace wellbeing primarily focuses on workplace characteristics rather than on other variables, such as personal and professional life factors. From a sample of child welfare workers (n = 145), and following a model of subjective well-being, our findings show that three factors--work, profession, and personal life--significantly predict overall social worker satisfaction and intention to leave, confirming previous research on the multiple aspects of a social worker's life that contributes to his or her subjective well-being.
Short-term disruption rates and long-term outcomes of a professional parent program.
Redinger R
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 24205552
Both traditional and specialized foster care have disruption rates ranging from 36% to 70%. Connecting Children and Families was a professional parent program that provided permanent family placements for children and yo...
Both traditional and specialized foster care have disruption rates ranging from 36% to 70%. Connecting Children and Families was a professional parent program that provided permanent family placements for children and young adults with significant behavior problems and mental health issues. During the 15 years of the Connecting Children and Families program, the short-term disruption rate was 21%. Long-term positive outcomes (i.e., stability in the family, reunification with birth family, or adoption) occurred for 83% of the children and young adults. This article is a program description of Connecting Children and Families. There were five key elements of this program: (a) The primary treatment was the life itself provided by the professional parents; (b) The parents were paid a significant stipend and they were treated both as professionals and as the parents of the children placed in their home; (c) The program model was one based on continuity of clinical care rather than case management; (d) Treatment interventions were derived from the fields of behaviorism and applied behavior analysis; and (e) The core value of the program was rooted in Wolfensberger's concept of social role valorization.
Cherish the family: A program model of strengths and attachment in reunifying substance-abusing mothers with their children.
Natale R, Scott SH, Camejo ST … +2 more , Hernandez M, Sellas-Lamberty O
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 24205551
The Cherish the Family (CTF) program targets mothers with children (age 0-3) engaged in the child welfare system, and provide services to strengthen a mother's ability to care for her child. A multimodal design was used...
The Cherish the Family (CTF) program targets mothers with children (age 0-3) engaged in the child welfare system, and provide services to strengthen a mother's ability to care for her child. A multimodal design was used with data collected at three points of time. Program results revealed positive changes in the areas of child well-being, parental capabilities, family interactions, family safety, caregiver/child ambivalence, and readiness for reunification among the treatment group.
Assessing systemic barriers to permanency achievement for children in out-of-home care: development of the child permanency barriers scale.
Murphy AL, Van Zyl R, Collins-Camargo C … +1 more , Sullivan D
Child Welfare · 2012 · PMID 24205550
State and local child welfare agencies are engaged in multiple efforts to enact systems change to improve outcomes, particularly in regard to achievement of child permanency. The Child and Family Services Review process,...
State and local child welfare agencies are engaged in multiple efforts to enact systems change to improve outcomes, particularly in regard to achievement of child permanency. The Child and Family Services Review process, conducted by the Administration Children and Families, requires states to implement program improvement plans designed to improve outcomes for which they are not meeting national standards. However, a tool has not been demonstrated as useful in assessing the barriers to achievement of permanency across the out-of-home service continuum, from recruitment of families to placement stability. This article reports on the development and refinement of such a tool in one Midwestern state. The Child Permanency Barriers Scale has four factors: kinship, placement and matching, adequate services and resources, and communication and collaboration. Implications for use in state-specific and multisystem assessment and system reform are discussed.
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