TheScientificWorldJournal[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
The Differences of Remineralization Potential of Bioactive Resin Infiltration and Conventional Resin Infiltration on Artificial Demineralized Enamel.
Kitsahawong K, Juntavee A, Juntavee N … +4 more , Suwannasuk C, Siriwatthanamethanon C, Buddeesee N, Somsub R
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 42093583 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Management of demineralized enamel has focused on the use of materials for remineralization. This study compared the remineralization potential of bioactive remineralizing resin (2R) with conventional resin...
INTRODUCTION: Management of demineralized enamel has focused on the use of materials for remineralization. This study compared the remineralization potential of bioactive remineralizing resin (2R) with conventional resin (CR) infiltration on demineralized enamel. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty demineralized enamel premolars were generated, allocated for three groups for infiltration with 2R, CR, and no treatment (NT), and subjected to pH cycling. Samples were determined for microhardness of enamel at the levels 50-100-200-300 μm from the external surface. Polarized light microscopy (PLM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy were assessed for infiltration depth and calcium/phosphorus ratio (Ca/P). ANOVA and Fisher's test were analyzed for significant differences in microhardness and Ca/P among groups (α = 0.05). RESULTS: 2R exhibited significantly higher hardness and Ca/P to demineralized enamel than CR and NT for every depth (p < 0.05), except for the hardness of 2R versus CR at 50 and 100 μm, and Ca/P of 2R-100 and 200 μm versus CR-50 μm. 2R showed significantly higher infiltration and remineralization to demineralized enamel than CR and NT. PLM denoted a greater decrease in depth of carious lesion for 2R, compared with CR, with no depth reduction for NT. CONCLUSION: 2R is capable of penetrating and enhancing the hardness of demineralized enamel more than CR, compared with NT. Increasing Ca/P upon infiltration with 2R over CR and NT denoted the capability of remineralization to carious lesions. A decrease in the depth of carious lesions was observed upon 2R application, more than CR and NT. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: 2R infiltration demonstrated an effective remineralization material for handling initial carious lesions in dental practice.
Does Wheat Production Through Irrigation Improve Smallholder Farmers' Food Security? Evidence From Seka Chekorsa District, Ethiopia.
Asefa ZA, Mitiku F, Bekere YB
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 42089427 · Full text
The Seka Chekorsa District in Jimma Zone holds significant potential for irrigation, particularly for small-scale wheat production under irrigation farming system. Recently, the Ethiopian government has given irrigation...
The Seka Chekorsa District in Jimma Zone holds significant potential for irrigation, particularly for small-scale wheat production under irrigation farming system. Recently, the Ethiopian government has given irrigation facility construction a lot in order to boost Agricultural productivity and output. However, limited research has been conducted in the adoption of small-scale irrigation for wheat production and its impacts on household food security in the Seka Chekorsa District. The aim of this study was to examine the adoption of small-scale irrigation wheat production and its impacts on household food security in the Jimma Zone, Seka Chekorsa district. A cross-sectional study design was employed, integrating quantitative and qualitative data collected through survey, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions with 100 adopters and 153 nonadopters from February to April 2023. Secondary data were obtained from published and unpublished sources. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, Logit models, and propensity score matching. A binary logit model analysis result showed education level, family size, credit use, frequency of extension contacts, and ownership of livestock significantly and positively influenced the adoption of irrigated wheat production. However, the distance of land plot from the water source negatively affected small-scale irrigation wheat production adoption. The propensity score matching results indicated that the adoption of irrigated wheat production raised the caloric intake of households by 518.86 kcal/AE/day compared with nonadopters. The qualitative findings indicated key constraints to small-scale irrigation wheat production, including lack of irrigation equipment, limited access to improved seeds, high input costs, water logging, bird attacks, and untimely rainfall. But, water and labor availability were noted as opportunities. The study also found that adopters of irrigated wheat production are more food secure than nonadopters. Therefore, raising awareness among nonadopters and promoting further research in this area is recommended.
The Multifaceted Roles of Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 1-Alpha-2 in Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders.
Khwanraj K, Prommahom A, Dharmasaroja P
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 42077067 · Full text
Eukaryotic elongation factor 1-alpha-2 (eEF1A2) is a neuron- and muscle-specific translation elongation factor isoform that supports high-demand proteostasis in terminally differentiated cells. Beyond its canonical role...
Eukaryotic elongation factor 1-alpha-2 (eEF1A2) is a neuron- and muscle-specific translation elongation factor isoform that supports high-demand proteostasis in terminally differentiated cells. Beyond its canonical role in translation elongation, eEF1A2 participates in noncanonical processes linked to actin cytoskeleton regulation, compartmentalized/local translation, and stress-response signaling. A central challenge in the field is that the strength and type of evidence implicating eEF1A2 differ substantially across disease classes. In neurodevelopmental disorders, heterozygous de novo pathogenic variants in EEF1A2 provide strong causal human genetic evidence for developmental and epileptic encephalopathies and related phenotypes, supported by functional studies showing reduced de novo protein synthesis/elongation and altered actin bundling in common patient-associated variants. In contrast, in neurodegenerative paradigms (e.g., toxin-based Parkinson's disease models and ischemia-reperfusion injury), eEF1A2 is primarily implicated as a contributory node within oxidative stress, autophagy/mitophagy, and inflammatory signaling pathways, largely based on cellular and animal model evidence rather than Mendelian causality. This review adopts an evidence-based framework and organizes findings around a unified mechanistic model connecting canonical elongation and noncanonical cytoskeleton/stress/autophagy functions to neuronal phenotypes. Collectively, current evidence supports a causal role for eEF1A2 in neurodevelopmental disorders but only a contributory role in neurodegenerative conditions.
Effects of Wet Extraction Parameters on Glucomannan Purity and Calcium Oxalate Reduction in Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Tuber Flour.
Herawati H, Arif AB, Suparlan S … +12 more , Kusnandar F, Agustinisari I, Widowati S, Suhirman S, Misgiyarta M, Bachtiar M, Hernani H, Hamaisa A, Marwati T, Fetriyuna F, Eris FR, Hastuti N
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 42057472 · Full text
Porang tuber is one of the commodities containing high glucomannan, which increases the body's immunity and reduces cholesterol, blood sugar, and body weight. However, porang tubers contain calcium oxalate, which hurts t...
Porang tuber is one of the commodities containing high glucomannan, which increases the body's immunity and reduces cholesterol, blood sugar, and body weight. However, porang tubers contain calcium oxalate, which hurts the human body. The study aimed to define the effect of soaking ratio, solvent concentration, and processing time on the purification technique to obtain high-purity flour and determine the best characteristics of porang flour. The porang tubers were extracted using the wet method, which consisted of the immersion ratio of adding sodium metabisulfite (NaSO) and sodium chloride (NaCl) with ethanol solvent at different extraction times. The research resulted in the treatment significantly affecting all observed parameters except fat content in porang glucomannan flour. In addition, the best characteristics were obtained from the treatment of a 1:3 soaking ratio, 96% ethanol concentration, and 120 min of extraction time, which showed a flour whiteness value of 99.38, oxalate of 0.10%, viscosity of 52,758.5 cP, and glucomannan content of 88% on dry basis. Considering the results of all parameters mentioned above, treating a 1:3 soaking ratio, 96% ethanol concentration, and 120 min of extraction time improves the yield and quality of glucomannan flour by decreasing calcium oxalate content by 0.37% from 0.47% to 0.10%. Porang flour with these characteristics is suitable as a thickener or a source of thickening food additives.
Synergies of Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Dynamics in the Bioremediation of Emerging Medical Organic Pollutants.
Teklay YT
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 42051042 · Full text
Emerging organic pollutants in medical waste present significant environmental challenges. Bioremediation is an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution, leveraging natural processes to effectively mitigate these risks....
Emerging organic pollutants in medical waste present significant environmental challenges. Bioremediation is an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution, leveraging natural processes to effectively mitigate these risks. So, this review aims to discuss the role of microbial biofilm and quorum sensing in the bioremediation of these pollutants, with a special focus on their mechanism of action, application, and potential. The review begins with an overview of emerging organic pollutants, the importance of bioremediation, the basics of quorum sensing, and its significance in a microbial consortium. Key findings indicate that technological applications such as engineered biofilm bioreactors, electroactive biofilms in microbial fuel cells, co-culture systems, and genetic engineering of QS pathways significantly accelerate pollutant mitigation compared to traditional methods. For instance, specific case studies (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa in pharmaceutical degradation) demonstrate the efficacy of QS-mediated metabolic control. A key conclusion is that leveraging these integrated QS-biofilm systems can surpass conventional waste degradation approaches. However, limitations include the difficulty of scaling up laboratory nanobioremediation systems and the complexity of interspecies signaling in real-world applications. Future research bottlenecks must prioritize investigating the stability of QS signals within complex wastewater matrices impacted by variables like pH and indigenous quorum-quenching microorganisms and developing precise biofilm control strategies through QS manipulation to optimize architecture for targeted degradation. Bridging these gaps through real-scale validation is essential to transition these promising laboratory-scale technologies into practical environmental applications. This review serves as a benchmark for developing immediate, bio-based solutions to mitigate the risks posed by EMOPs.
Cardioprotective Effects of Dysphania ambrosioides Leaves Against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Myocardial Injury in Langendorff-Perfused Rat Heart.
Kadi M, Berraaouan A, Mekhfi H … +3 more , Ziyyat A, Bnouham M, Legssyer A
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 42046312 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The ethnopharmacological relevance of Dysphania ambrosioides (commonly known as M'khinza) is evident in its longstanding traditional use across various cultures, where it is valued for its medicinal propertie...
BACKGROUND: The ethnopharmacological relevance of Dysphania ambrosioides (commonly known as M'khinza) is evident in its longstanding traditional use across various cultures, where it is valued for its medicinal properties in addressing a range of health conditions, emphasizing the potential for further pharmacological exploration. OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to investigate the cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injuries following the administration of aqueous extract (Aq.E) of D. ambrosioides leaves in isolated rat hearts according to Langendorff. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The hearts of male Wistar rats were isolated, allowed to acclimate for 30 min, and then experienced global ischemia for 30 min and reperfusion for 120 min. Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB) was infused into the control group. However, a solution with 10, 20, and 40 µg/mL of extract was infused into the treatment groups (KHB). The Aq.E anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and antioxidant properties were also assessed, and its mineral composition was examined. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that the D. ambrosioides leaf Aq.E has considerable cardioprotective activity, evidenced by its beneficial hemodynamic, biochemical, and histological effects in mitigating myocardial lesions induced by the IR sequence. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study indicate that the D. ambrosioides leaf Aq.E provides cardioprotective benefits in the context of IR injury. This protective effect is attributed to the extract's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant properties, as evidenced by significant hemodynamic, biochemical, and histological improvements. These findings highlight the potential of D. ambrosioides as a medicinal substance for preserving cardiac function and integrity during ischemic events.
The Effect of Foot Reflexology Massage on Delirium and Physiological Indicators in Children Admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Mazhari Z, Manafi Anari A, Heidari-Beni F … +1 more , Alinejad-Naeini M
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 42037043 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Children in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) are commonly affected by delirium, which poses considerable challenges in clinical management. Changes in vital signs can serve as early warning indicators...
INTRODUCTION: Children in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) are commonly affected by delirium, which poses considerable challenges in clinical management. Changes in vital signs can serve as early warning indicators of disease progression in children. Nonpharmacological interventions in the handling of delirium and improvement of physiological indicators include various types of massage. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of foot reflexology massage on delirium and physiological indicators in children admitted to the PICU. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was directed in the PICU of Ali Asghar Hospital, affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The study randomly assigned a total of 74 participants to either an intervention group or a control group. Foot reflexology massage was administered to the intervention group. Information was captured before and after the intervention using tools assessing demographic information/data, physiological indicators, and pediatric delirium (Cornell tool). RESULTS: The analysis revealed that on the second day, the frequency of delirium in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group after the intervention (p = 0.004). Also, immediately after the intervention, heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, and systolic blood pressure in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.001, p = 0.026, and p = 0.002, respectively). Also, the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in arterial blood oxygen saturation between the two groups after the intervention (p = 0.345). CONCLUSION: The evidences of our study show that foot reflexology can decrease delirium and regulate heart rate and blood pressure, but its effect on arterial blood oxygen saturation requires further investigation.
Recent Advances in Strategies Against Measles Spread: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects, Impact, Vaccine Innovations, and Sustainable Recommendations.
Merabti A, Miyah Y, Benjelloun M … +9 more , Zahouani C, Al Hassani W, Lamsyah R, Essadki S, Ihrai L, Filali SE, Sfendla A, Yaagoubi M, Nejjari C
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 42037031 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: Measles is a highly contagious disease, transmitted by respiratory droplets, whose spread is favored by disparities in vaccination coverage. This manuscript analyzes recent measles control strategies, analyzi...
OBJECTIVES: Measles is a highly contagious disease, transmitted by respiratory droplets, whose spread is favored by disparities in vaccination coverage. This manuscript analyzes recent measles control strategies, analyzing their evolution, environmental repercussions, immune mechanisms, innovations in immunization, and sustainable solutions. STUDY DESIGN: Measles harms public health, and the socioeconomic landscape and advances in smart technologies offer innovative solutions for combating the disease. METHODS: Obstacles to the fight against measles include low vaccination coverage, community resistance, and logistical problems related to vaccine distribution. RESULTS: The immune response to measles involves B and T cells, which are crucial in eliminating the virus and forming an immune memory. Improvements in measles vaccines include the development of genetically modified vaccines and advanced delivery technologies. CONCLUSIONS: To eliminate measles, the manuscript recommends exploring data-driven and digital surveillance tools as complementary support to traditional epidemiological systems.
Evaluation of Candida Species Colonization and Fungal Susceptibility Profile in the Oropharyngeal Mucosa of Patients Receiving Head and Neck Radiotherapy.
Aghakouchakzadeh A, Manifar S, Moghadam Z … +3 more , Mirzaei A, Daneshvarpour N, Afrasiabi S
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 42035285 · Full text
Oral candidiasis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy (RT). The present study is aimed at provide the best treatment for patients undergoing RT by determinin...
Oral candidiasis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy (RT). The present study is aimed at provide the best treatment for patients undergoing RT by determining the characteristics of the Candida species in these patients and investigating the antifungal sensitivity patterns against eight available drugs according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 30 patients underwent head and neck RT. All patients were examined in three stages using oral and pharyngeal mucus swabs, and nystatin was prescribed for patients with symptoms of candidiasis infection. Subsequently, clinical fungal specimens were investigated by direct microscopy and culture and tested for sensitivity to antifungal drugs. MIC, MIC, and geometric mean MIC were calculated for each drug. Evidence of fungal colonization was observed in 17 specimens at various stages, with Candida albicans being the most frequently identified species. All tested Candida isolates were sensitive to nystatin and amphotericin B, whereas Trichosporon asahii showed intrinsic resistance to echinocandins (caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin), and C. krusei exhibited the expected intrinsic resistance to fluconazole. The observed sensitivity of C. tropicalis to the tested antifungal drugs is based on a single isolate and should be considered descriptive rather than generalizable. Cases of C. albicans strains showed moderate or dose-dependent susceptibility to itraconazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin. The isolate of T. asahii was only sensitive to nystatin and amphotericin B. According to the laboratory and clinical results, nystatin is recommended for most patients. Finally, it is better to prescribe the antifungal drugs in each center according to their reported sensitivity.
Spatial Assessment of Land Degradation Risk in the Choke Mountain Watershed.
Ewunetu A
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 42035274 · Full text
Assessing land degradation is essential for identifying susceptible regions and planning sustainable landscape management approaches. This research employed a combination of geographic information system (GIS) and multic...
Assessing land degradation is essential for identifying susceptible regions and planning sustainable landscape management approaches. This research employed a combination of geographic information system (GIS) and multicriteria analysis (MCA) to delineate and evaluate land degradation within the Choke Mountain watershed of the upper Blue Nile. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to standardize all indicators and assign weights through comparison. A comprehensive analysis of physical, chemical, and biological indicators of land degradation was carried out. The results showed that about 50.64% of the watershed is at a high to very high risk of soil erosion, with an average loss of 44 t of soil per hectare each year. More than half of the watershed also exhibits moderate-to-high biological degradation levels, as evidenced by sparse vegetation cover and low levels of soil organic matter. About 70.7% of the area experiences only a mild physical degradation type. Biological degradation was rated as low in 37.4% of the watershed and moderate in 55.5%. The chemical degradation assessment revealed that most of the area (55.6%) has neutral soil pH values between 6.7 and 7.3. The integrated MCA results showed that 1.2% of the watershed is very low, 25.5% is low, 37.15% is moderate, and 36.15% is highly degraded in the Choke Mountain watershed. Overall, the main causes of land degradation in the Choke Mountain watershed are severe soil erosion, deforestation, and biomass deterioration. The most evident signs of land degradation are extensive biodiversity decline and soil erosion. Therefore, implementing comprehensive land management strategies is essential to prevent land degradation, enhance soil organic matter, and increase vegetation cover.
Nicotiana tabacum: From a Beneficial Plant to Harmful Products-A Comprehensive Review of Smokeless Tobacco and Its Adverse Health Effects.
Chami A, Allaoui A, Mekhfi H … +1 more , Zaid Y
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 42032931 · Full text
Nicotiana tabacum is a cash crop that originated in America and was introduced to the world by Christopher Colombus. It is now cultivated in many countries with major producers including China, the USA, India, and Brazil...
Nicotiana tabacum is a cash crop that originated in America and was introduced to the world by Christopher Colombus. It is now cultivated in many countries with major producers including China, the USA, India, and Brazil. The plant was widely used by the indigenous people of America for different reasons (spiritual, hallucination, and medical). The medicinal usage of the plant was confirmed by many phytochemical and pharmacological studies on different parts of the plant. The plant essentially contains alkaloids (nicotine is the major component) and phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and many phenolic acids. Glycosides and terpenes are also present in N. tabacum. These components are responsible for many pharmacological effects. Besides the therapeutic usage of the plant, the leaves of the plant served as a hallucination agent; they were either smoked or chewed. Nowadays tobacco products are universally used. Smokeless tobacco products are numerous and diversified; they can be handmade or manufactured. Unlike the plant, smokeless tobacco products are harmful to health. Many products exist around the world with different compositions and names, such as paan, zarda, toombak, khaini, naswar, loose leaf, moist snuff, snus, and shammah. These products have been confirmed to cause many serious pathological conditions. In addition to being addictive, they can lead to various types of cancer especially oral cancer, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, fertility issues, and fetal damage when consumed by pregnant women. They also increase the risk of thrombosis and so on. While the harmful effects of some products have been scientifically proven, others (e.g., chemma) have not. This highlights the importance of scientific investigation to confirm their potential risks.
Impact of Endodontic Treatment of Teeth With Apical Periodontitis on Levels of Inflammatory Biomarkers Associated With Cardiovascular Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Lyra CVV, Miranda JM, Almeida RAC … +5 more , Isaltino MDC, Vilela AVS, Gerbi MEMM, Albuquerque DS, Oliveira NG
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 42026989 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory response to microbial infection of the root canal system. The microorganisms that cause AP can modulate the host's immune response by secreting inflammatory biomar...
BACKGROUND: Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory response to microbial infection of the root canal system. The microorganisms that cause AP can modulate the host's immune response by secreting inflammatory biomarkers, which might be associated with cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the existing evidence on the relationship between endodontic treatment of teeth with AP and changes in the levels of inflammatory biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024574082) and followed the PRISMA guidelines (2020) and Cochrane Handbook (2023). Searches were performed in April 2025 in Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, LILACS, and gray literature, with no publication year restrictions. The PICO strategy was followed: (1) population: healthy adult patients with AP; (2) intervention: evaluation of the levels of inflammatory biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk (IL-6, hs-CRP, IL-1β, TNF-α, and others) before and after endodontic procedures; (3) comparison: the same patients before any endodontic intervention; and (4) outcomes: reduction in the levels of cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers. RESULTS: Twenty clinical studies were included in the qualitative analysis, and 18 reported a reduction in inflammatory biomarkers after endodontic treatment. A meta-analysis evaluated hs-CRP at 1 and 6 months post-treatment, as well as IL-6 and TNF-α at 6 months and 1 year post-treatment and IL-1β at 6 months. There was a significant reduction in hs-CRP 6 months post-treatment. No significant changes were found in the other biomarkers. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: A significant reduction in hs-CRP was observed 6 months after endodontic treatment. However, there was no association between endodontic treatment of teeth with AP and the reduction in the other biomarkers evaluated in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Furthermore, the certainty of evidence was classified as low according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system, mainly because of the heterogeneity across primary studies and the lack of adequate control for potential confounding factors such as marginal periodontitis and smoking, which are linked to increased systemic inflammatory burden. Well-designed clinical trials using rigorous control of these factors, standardized methodologies, and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these findings.
Physiochemical and Thermal Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste and Agricultural Residue Blends for Torrefaction.
Mpungu IL, Mwasiagi JI, Dulo B … +3 more , Maube O, Nziu P, Bongomin O
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 42011074 · Full text
Municipal solid waste (MSW), together with other biomass resources, presents a viable feedstock for renewable energy production; however, its direct conversion is limited by high moisture content, ash content, and hetero...
Municipal solid waste (MSW), together with other biomass resources, presents a viable feedstock for renewable energy production; however, its direct conversion is limited by high moisture content, ash content, and heterogeneous composition. These challenges can be mitigated through torrefaction, provided that suitable feedstock selection and optimization are achieved. This study investigates the physicochemical and thermal characteristics of MSW, coffee husks (CH), corn cobs (CC), and their blends to demonstrate how biomass quality can be improved through blending. MSW was blended with CH or CC at mass ratios of 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 (db/db%). Proximate, ultimate, lignocellulosic, thermogravimetric, and calorific value analyses were conducted. Proximate analysis showed that MSW had the highest moisture (10.102 ± 0.141%), volatile matter (71.115 ± 0.759%), and ash content (6.674 ± 0.477%), whereas CH exhibited the highest fixed carbon content (18.863 ± 0.572%). Ultimate analysis revealed that MSW contained the highest hydrogen content (6.911 ± 0.183%), CH had the highest carbon content (50.001 ± 0.184%), and CC showed the highest oxygen (44.185 ± 0.273%), nitrogen (1.395 ± 0.045%), and sulfur (0.057 ± 0.035%) contents. MSW had the lowest hemicellulose (11.941 ± 0.269%) and cellulose (19.334 ± 0.294%) contents, while CC had the lowest lignin content (12.304 ± 0.219%). The calorific value of MSW (17.01 ± 0.292 MJ kg) increased upon blending, reaching up to 17.59 ± 0.241 MJ kg. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated enhanced thermal degradation rates with increasing MSW content in the blends. In conclusion, blending MSW with agricultural residues significantly improves its physicochemical and thermal properties, enhancing its suitability for torrefaction. The 25MSW75CH blend demonstrated the most favorable characteristics and is recommended as an optimal feedstock for torrefaction-based waste-to-energy applications at industrial scale.
Reduced Pseudocholinesterase Levels Are Associated With Alterations in Lipid Biomarkers and Liver Enzymes Among Ghanaian Male Cocoa Farmers Using Organophosphate Pesticides.
Afrifa J, Kubi GA, Armah R … +9 more , Gyamerah EO, Ofori S, Neveh-Fio I, Kotam GP, Essiam E, Acquah H, Goumboundi IA, Essien-Baidoo S, Ephraim RKD
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 42003039 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Agrochemical usage is common with cocoa farmers in Ghana; however, the inappropriate use or lack of protective equipment leaves farmers exposed to these chemicals. Pesticides are generally taken up by farmers...
BACKGROUND: Agrochemical usage is common with cocoa farmers in Ghana; however, the inappropriate use or lack of protective equipment leaves farmers exposed to these chemicals. Pesticides are generally taken up by farmers through inhalation, ingestion, or dermally and distributed through the circulatory system to affect various organs. Organophosphate inhibits cholinesterase (ChE), causing a buildup of acetylcholine and overstimulation of cholinergic synapses. Plasma pseudocholinesterase (pChE), synthesized in the liver, serves as a biomarker for organophosphate exposure. AIM: We assessed the levels of serum cholinesterase and liver and kidney function biomarkers among cocoa farmers exposed to organophosphates. METHODS: A total of 220 male farmers with a consistent track record of using agropesticides for at least 1 year or more were selected. A structured questionnaire was used to gather sociodemographic information. Following an overnight fast, 5 mL of blood was collected from each participant aseptically for assessment of biochemical markers of the liver, kidney, lipids, and cholinesterase. Reduced plasma pseudocholinesterase was defined as levels < 5000 U/L and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equation. RESULTS: The prevalence of reduced pseudocholinesterase (pChE) among the study participants was 23%. The mean level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (38.11 ± 14.15 vs. 35.72 ± 16.61, p = 0.036) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (29.04 ± 18.85 vs. 23.69 ± 11.09, p = 0.017) were significantly elevated among subjects with low serum cholinesterase levels. Triglycerides (TG) (1.68 ± 0.86 vs. 1.30 ± 0.66, p = 0.004) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (0.64 ± 0.35 vs. 0.77 ± 0.40, p = 0.004) were significantly elevated among the participants with low pChE levels. However, mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (1.22 ± 0.44 vs. 1.37 ± 0.35, p = 0.017) was significantly reduced among participants with low pChE levels. Coffee consumption OR = 2.24 [1.04-4.83, p = 0.039], duration of agro pesticide usage greater than 10 years OR = 4.70 [1.72-13.5, p = 0.003], and poor knowledge of the harmful effect of pesticides OR = 4.96 [1.97-14.1, p = 0.001] were all significantly associated with low pChE levels among the study participants. pChE levels showed a significantly negative correlation with ALT (R = -0.2, p = 0.0027), TG (R = -0.34, p ≤ 0.001), and VLDL (R = -0.31, p ≤ 0.001). HDL showed a significant positive correlation (R = 0.14, p = 0.044). CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of reduced pChE among cocoa farmers in Ghana and this was associated with alteration in liver and lipid biomarkers. Additionally, coffee intake, longer work duration, and poor knowledge of agropesticide side effects were associated with low pChE levels among the study participants. These findings highlight the importance of targeted occupational health interventions, including improved training on pesticide safety and consistent and proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
Reduction of Hydrogen Cyanide in Cassava Peel With Sodium Bicarbonate and Heating Using a Stirrer Chamber Unit.
Narwati, Setiawan, Hadi S
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 42003008 · Full text
Cassava peel, a by-product of cassava root processing, can be used as food if processed properly. It is important to note that the high-cyanogenic glycoside content in cassava plants has the potential to produce hydrogen...
Cassava peel, a by-product of cassava root processing, can be used as food if processed properly. It is important to note that the high-cyanogenic glycoside content in cassava plants has the potential to produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which has been proven to cause health problems. Therefore, it would be beneficial to consider a method that could help reduce HCN levels. This study explored the impact of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) and heating on the HCN of cassava peel during the initial stage of food processing. This study is experimental in nature, as a follow-up to previous research. The cassava tuber skin was separated from the outer layer with care, then washed thoroughly and sliced 2 mm thick. The experiment was conducted on 20 g of cassava peel, with the addition of 30 g and 60 g of NaHCO, and a heating temperature of 55°C for 15 min of exposure. The results showed that the group of cassava peel samples with a dose of 60 g of NaHCO3 heated at a temperature of 55°C showed the lowest HCN content, namely 0.193 ± 0.015 mg/100 g from the initial HCN of cassava peel of 1.6024 mg/100 g. This indicates a reduction of 1.409 (87.9%), which is a significant finding. In conclusion, it appears that a combination of NaHCO and heating at 55°C could be considered as a method to reduce HCN levels in the preprocessing stage of cassava peel.
Advancing Malaria Vector Control: Insights Into Mosquito Immunity and Genetic Strategies.
Cleanclay WD, Adedoyin ED, Zakari S … +3 more , Ogunlana OO, Iweala EEJ, Chinedu SN
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 41992908 · Full text
Malaria remains a major global health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where Anopheles mosquitoes transmit the Plasmodium parasites. Resistance to insecticides remains an obstacle in spite of the efforts to...
Malaria remains a major global health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where Anopheles mosquitoes transmit the Plasmodium parasites. Resistance to insecticides remains an obstacle in spite of the efforts to control malaria vector. The interaction between Plasmodium parasites and mosquito vectors, with a focus on the immunity of mosquitoes and approaches to combat malaria, is examined in this review. This review explores the potential of genetic approaches including CRISPR-Cas9, Wolbachia, RNA interference (RNAi), and symbiont-based strategies for the control of malaria vector. The innate immune system of Anopheles mosquitoes that identify, recognize, and limit Plasmodium infection through pathogen recognition receptors, signaling pathways, and effector mechanisms like antimicrobial peptides and melanization is well developed. However, Plasmodium has developed several evasion mechanisms to establish infection. This led to various genetic modification techniques being designed to reduce vector population and transmission. Gene drive such as CRISPR-Cas9 can introduce genetic alterations to interfere with the transmission of malaria; Wolbachia interferes with vector competence, RNAi-mediated gene to target relevant genes involved in reproduction and survival. Self-limiting strategies such as RIDL and pgSIT genetically modified insect releasement to the environment. mosGILT is an emerging immune regulator which has shown relevance in blocking transmission. This review explores the potential of these genetic approaches in malaria vector control efforts, highlighting their advantages and imitations. Further research should explore mosquito immune genes and pathways in developing innovative and acceptable genetic vector control approaches.
Neuropharmacological and Antipyretic Potentials of Streblus asper Leaves: Integrated In Vivo and In Silico Approaches.
Rasel MH, Mamun MJI, Sumi SS … +3 more , Hasan MN, Rahman M, Uddin SMN
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 41969208 · Full text
Streblus asper (Moraceae) is traditionally used for neurological and febrile disorders, but its pharmacological basis remains unclear. This study evaluated the S. asper leaf methanolic extract (SAL-ME) for anxiolytic, an...
Streblus asper (Moraceae) is traditionally used for neurological and febrile disorders, but its pharmacological basis remains unclear. This study evaluated the S. asper leaf methanolic extract (SAL-ME) for anxiolytic, antidepressant, sedative, and antipyretic activities using Swiss albino mice and in silico docking analyses. Behavioral assays included the elevated plus maze, hole-board, forced swim, tail suspension, hole cross, and open field tests, while brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia was used to assess antipyretic activity. SAL-ME (200 and 400 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent effects, significantly reducing immobility time (p < 0.001), increasing open-arm exploration (p < 0.01), and suppressing locomotor activity, indicating antidepressant, anxiolytic, and sedative actions. A significant antipyretic effect was observed at 400 mg/kg, with a marked reduction in rectal temperature within 3 h posttreatment (p < 0.01). Molecular docking analysis revealed notable binding affinities of octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, D-pinitol, α-D-glucopyranoside, myo-inositol, and butanedioic acid with target proteins associated with GABAergic, serotonergic, and prostaglandin-mediated pathways. Collectively, these findings suggest that SAL-ME exerts dose-dependent, multitarget pharmacological effects, supporting its potential as a phytotherapeutic candidate for CNS disorders and fever.
Characterizing Critical Sources of Carbon Emissions Using Principal Component Analysis.
Qureshi M, Ismail M, Daniyal M … +5 more , Haq I, Tawiah K, Bukari FK, Ansah RK, Asosega KA
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 41969135 · Full text
The emerging issue of carbon dioxide (CO) emissions is highly affecting global sustainable and economic development endeavors. Countries with high population growth, rapid industrialization, and significant energy needs...
The emerging issue of carbon dioxide (CO) emissions is highly affecting global sustainable and economic development endeavors. Countries with high population growth, rapid industrialization, and significant energy needs find themselves in this bracket. This study, based on data from 1960 to 2018, evaluates carbon emissions using principal component analysis (PCA). The findings indicate that two leading principal components (C.1 and C.2) had the greatest impact as they accounted for seventy-seven percent (77%) of the total variance. The eigenvalues of both components were greater than one, signifying their significance. C.1 shows a strong connection for CO emissions, total population, and production of electric energy through various sources. C.2 is more connected to the growth of industries. The scree plot confirms this by finding them to be dominant. This emphasizes the interaction between electricity production, specifically from coal, and the demographic data. The results highlight how PCA can be utilized to distinguish drivers that cause the emission of carbon to provide an understanding that might be used in managing the environment and setting relevant policies.
The Mechanical Footprint of Dual Rinse 1-Hydroxyethane 1,1-Diphosphonate on Fast-Set Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Microhardness and Dislocation Resistance.
Akbari Iraj S, Kaboli A, Shokouhinejad N
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 41947616 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effects of various root canal irrigation protocols on the surface microhardness and push-out bond strength of a fast-set hydraulic calcium silicate-based cement at two different stage...
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effects of various root canal irrigation protocols on the surface microhardness and push-out bond strength of a fast-set hydraulic calcium silicate-based cement at two different stages of hydration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standardized 3-mm-thick root slices with uniform lumens were filled with RetroMTA (BioMTA, Seoul, Korea). The slices were randomly assigned to two setting intervals (1 or 14 days), after which their upper surfaces were irrigated using one of several protocols, including 2% NaOCl, 5.25% NaOCl, Dual Rinse HEDP mixed with either 2% or 5.25% NaOCl, 2% or 5.25% NaOCl followed by EDTA, or normal saline (as a control). The dislocation resistance of RetroMTA was then measured using the push-out bond strength test. For surface microhardness assessment, RetroMTA-filled polymethyl methacrylate molds were exposed to the same irrigation protocols, and their surface microhardness was measured using the Vickers microhardness test. The data were analyzed using one-way and three-way ANOVA tests. RESULTS: One-way ANOVA showed that neither the 1-day nor the 14-day RetroMTA groups differed significantly from the control group in push-out bond strength or surface microhardness (p > 0.05). Three-way ANOVA demonstrated that no two-way or three-way interaction effects were statistically significant. Moreover, NaOCl concentration, chelator type, and the time interval between RetroMTA placement and irrigation had no significant effects on push-out bond strength or surface microhardness (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Under the limitations of this experimental study, no significant differences were detected among the effects of Dual Rinse HEDP mixed with either 2% or 5.25% NaOCl, NaOCl alone, or NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA on the push-out bond strength or surface microhardness of 1-day and 14-day RetroMTA samples.
Effects of Snake Fruit-Infused Massage Oil With Traditional Thai Massage on Skin Quality: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Intakhiao S, Suwannarat W, Subongkot T … +4 more , Sirirak T, Piyaneeranat P, Koowattanatianchai S, Prasertsri P
ScientificWorldJournal · 2026 · PMID 41947426 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Salacca zalacca (snake fruit) is rich in antioxidants, polyphenols, organic acids, and vitamin C. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of body massage oil containing snake fruit extract, in conjunct...
BACKGROUND: Salacca zalacca (snake fruit) is rich in antioxidants, polyphenols, organic acids, and vitamin C. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of body massage oil containing snake fruit extract, in conjunction with traditional Thai massage (TTM), on skin quality in healthy individuals. METHODS: Seventy-one participants aged 18-35 years were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) control group (n = 23) receiving TTM without oil; (2) Treatment-1 group (n = 23) receiving TTM with pure coconut oil; and (3) Treatment-2 group (n = 25) receiving TTM with snake fruit extract-infused oil. All participants received 60-min massages once weekly for 12 weeks. Skin parameters including elasticity, moisture, melanin, and oiliness were assessed at the neck, back, arm, and leg regions. RESULTS: After 12 weeks, skin elasticity significantly improved at all assessed regions in all groups (p < 0.001), with no significant between-group differences. Skin melanin levels significantly decreased at the back and leg regions across all groups (p < 0.05), with no between-group differences observed. Skin moisture significantly increased at the leg region only in the Treatment-2 group (p = 0.003). Skin oiliness significantly increased at all measured regions in both oil-based groups (Treatment-1 and Treatment-2) (p < 0.05) and was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05), except at the back region in the Treatment-2 group. CONCLUSION: Massage oil containing snake fruit extract demonstrated specific benefits in enhancing skin oiliness and localized moisture. However, it did not confer overall superiority over conventional coconut oil, while improvements in elasticity and melanin appeared to be primarily attributable to the massage technique itself. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06227260.
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