Recent Patents On Biotechnology[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Geminiviruses: Taxonomic Structure and Diversity in Genomic Organization.
Kulshrestha S, Bhardwaj A, Vanshika
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2020 · PMID 31793424 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Geminiviridae is one of the best-characterized and hence, one of the largest plant-virus families with the highest economic importance. Its members characteristically have a circular ssDNA genome within the e...
BACKGROUND: Geminiviridae is one of the best-characterized and hence, one of the largest plant-virus families with the highest economic importance. Its members characteristically have a circular ssDNA genome within the encapsidation of twinned quasi-icosaheadral virions (18-38 nm size-range). OBJECTIVE: Construction of a narrative review on geminiviruses, to have a clearer picture of their genomic structure and taxonomic status. METHODS: A thorough search was conducted for papers and patents regarding geminiviruses, where relevant information was used to study their genomic organization, diversity and taxonomic structure. RESULTS: Geminiviruses have been classified into nine genera (viz., genus Begomovirus, Mastrevirus, Curtovirus, Topocuvirus, Becurtovirus, Turncurtovirus, Capulavirus, Eragrovirus and Grablovirus) having distinct genomic organizations, host ranges and insect vectors. Genomic organization of all genera generally shows the presence of 4-6 ORFs encoding for various proteins. For now, Citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virus (CCDaV), Camellia chlorotic dwarf-associated virus (CaCDaV) and few other geminiviruses are still unassigned to any genera. The monopartite begomoviruses (and few mastreviruses) have been found associated with aplhasatellites and betasatellites (viz., ~1.3 kb circular ssDNA satellites). Recent reports suggest that deltasatellites potentially reduce the accumulation of helper-Begomovirus species in host plants. Some patents have revealed the methods to generate transgenic plants resistant to geminiviruses. CONCLUSION: Geminiviruses rapidly evolve and are a highly diverse group of plant-viruses. However, research has shown new horizons in tackling the acute begomoviral diseases in plants by generating a novel bio-control methodology in which deltasatellites can be used as bio-control agents and generate transgenic plants resistant to geminiviruses.
Adopting an Anti-virulence (anti-pathogenicity) Approach for Dealing with the Problem of Antimicrobial Resistance.
Kothari V
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2019 · PMID 31724931 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
L-asparaginase: Immobilization, Antiviral and Antiproliferation Activities.
Abd El-Baky HH, El-Baroty GS
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2020 · PMID 31724520 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: L-asparaginase (L-AsnA) enzyme has gained significant attention in the food, biocatalysts and pharmaceutics industry. It (L-AsnA) has been widely used in food processing industries as a promising acrylamide m...
BACKGROUND: L-asparaginase (L-AsnA) enzyme has gained significant attention in the food, biocatalysts and pharmaceutics industry. It (L-AsnA) has been widely used in food processing industries as a promising acrylamide mitigating agent and as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of certain human cancers. OBJECTIVE: Based on US Patent (4,433,054; 1984), L-asparaginase (L-AsnA) enzyme is immobilized by admixing the active enzyme on the polysaccharide to be in a gel form. The storage stability of immobilized L-AsnA enzyme and its anti-proliferation and antiviral activity were determined. METHODS: In the present study, S. maxima was cultured at large scales (300 liter) for the production of enough extracellular L-asparaginase (L-AsnA) using modified (high N concentration) Zarrouk medium as we reported in a previous study. L-AsnA was immobilized on natural polymers, as agar cake beads, agarose pieces and gelatin blocks, in order to evaluate the efficiency of physical entrapment techniques. Anti-proliferation properties of L-AsnA against lung carcinoma A549, hepatocellular carcinoma Hep-G2 and prostate carcinoma PC3 human cancer cell lines were assessed by the MTT cell viability method. In addition, the antiviral activity against Coxsackie B3 (CSB3) Virus was assessed. RESULTS: The highest L-AsnA immobilized activity and immobilization yield were achieved with agar cakes bead. The purified S. maxima L-AsnA showed good antiviral activity against Coxsackie B3 (CSB3) Virus in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value 17.03 μg/ml. The antiviral mode of action is presumably due to their capability of inhibiting attachment, blocking the adsorption and penetration event of the viral replication cycle with 89.24%, 72.78% and 72.78%, respectively. Also, S. maxima L-AsnA showed anti-proliferation effect against lung carcinoma A549, hepatocellular carcinoma Hep-G2 and prostate carcinoma PC3 human cancer cell lines, with an IC50 of 22.54, 24.65 and 56.61 μg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSION: It is interesting to favor L-asparaginase of S. maxima which showed antiviral activity and anti-proliferation effect against different types of human cell lines. Thus, S. maxima microalgae might be a good source for L-AsnA enzymes and can be immobilized on natural polymers.
Detoxifying Action of Aqueous Extracts of Seed and Root Against Venoms of and .
Ameh MP, Mohammed M, Ofemile YP … +3 more , Mohammed MG, Gabriel A, Isaac AO
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2020 · PMID 31652115 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization included snakebite envenomation among Neglected Tropical Diseases in 2017. The importance of natural products from plants is enormous, given that most prescribed drugs originate...
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization included snakebite envenomation among Neglected Tropical Diseases in 2017. The importance of natural products from plants is enormous, given that most prescribed drugs originate from plants. Among this is Mucuna pruriens and Mimosa pudica, with many registered patents asserting their health benefits. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the in vitro neutralizing effects of Mucuna pruriens seed and Mimosa pudica root extracts on venoms of Naja nigricollis and Bitis arietans. METHODS: In mice, the LD50 and phytochemical analysis of M. pruriens and M. pudica plant extracts were carried out prior to the evaluation of their haemolytic and fibrinolytic effect. Their effects on the activities of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) were also assessed. RESULTS: At a concentration of 50 mg/ml, both plant extracts were found to neutralize the fibrinolytic activity of N. nigricollis, but 400 mg/ml was required to neutralize the fibrinolytic activity of B. arietans. In haemolytic studies, 50 mg/ml concentration of M. pruriens extract suppressed haemolysis caused by N. nigricollis venom by 70% but at the same concentration, M. pudica extract reduced haemolysis by 49.4%. M. pruriens, at 50 mg/ml concentration, only inhibited phospholipase A2 activity by 7.7% but higher concentrations up to 400mg/ml had no effect against the venom of N. nigricollis; at 200 mg/ml. M. pudica extract inhibited PLA2 activity by 23%. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that M. pruriens and M. pudica may be considered as promising antivenom agents for people living in a snake-bite prone environment.
Evolution of World and Brazilian Markets for Enzymes Produced by Solid-state Fermentation: A Patent Analysis.
Rodrigues HCSR, Carvalho AL, Souza CO … +1 more , Umsza-Guez MA
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2020 · PMID 31625481 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The use of enzymes in various industrial processes has become increasingly frequent. When added to productive processes, it can accelerate reactions and generate a number of new products. The solid state ferm...
BACKGROUND: The use of enzymes in various industrial processes has become increasingly frequent. When added to productive processes, it can accelerate reactions and generate a number of new products. The solid state fermentation (SSF), among other applications, has been employed also to obtain enzymes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this prospection was to map registered patent documents about enzymes production by this type of fermentation in the world, identify the most obtained enzymes with patent documents and compilate information about the world and Brazilian enzyme markets. METHODS: The experimental design was carried out by the keyword-driven scope through the advanced search in the Espacenet database European Patent Office (EPO). The keywords selected were solid-state fermentation and the International Patent Classification code, C12N9 (enzymes; proenzymes), for prospecting of interest. RESULTS: In 2012, there was the higher number of registered patents (12). China holds 84% of deposited patents. Among the types of depositors, 54% of the selected patent documents were deposited by universities and institutes, and 44% by companies. 76.5% of the evaluated patents used fungi as enzyme producer. Analyzing the enzymes obtained in the registered patents, it is verified that the majority belongs to the group of carbohydrases with 43%, followed by proteases (25%), which are also the two classes of enzymes most commercialized in the market. CONCLUSION: China holds the majority of the registered patents but North America gets the largest global enzyme market revenue followed by Europe and Pacific Asia. Carbohydrases were the most commercialized enzymes and with the highest number of patents registered. Among the carbohydrases, cellulases, xylanases and amylases are the most frequent in patent registration while being fungi produced.
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Active Food Packaging: Technological and Scientific Prospection.
Dos Anjos HA, Luna S, Hernández-Macedo ML … +1 more , López JA
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2020 · PMID 31584383 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial and antioxidant packaging play an important role in the food industry by ensuring food quality and prolonging the product's shelf life. Therefore, this scientific survey covers the technological...
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial and antioxidant packaging play an important role in the food industry by ensuring food quality and prolonging the product's shelf life. Therefore, this scientific survey covers the technological domain in the active food packaging development processes and types of packaging. METHODS: This paper aims to provide a review of patents and scientific publications on active packaging with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties in order to show technological advances in this field of knowledge and its applicability in the food industry. RESULTS: The patent review indicates an increase in the number of documents deposited in recent decades regarding various types of packaging formulations, particularly active packaging to preserve foods and their shelf life. In the last few decades, the scientific publication also includes several studies concerning the development of active food packaging using natural products with antimicrobial and antioxidant proprieties. Overall, the results show the advantages of incorporating natural products into polymer matrices to develop industrial packaging, providing a safe and high-quality food product to the consumer. On the other hand, the review also highlighted lack of cooperation between inventors and companies of active packaging development. CONCLUSION: Further study in this regard would help provide data form research and patents on the active food-packaging field as well as economic issues, indicating the global development scenario of this innovative area.
Prospective Study of Microbial Colorants under the Focus of Patent Documents.
Gonçalves BRP, Machado BAS, Hanna SA … +1 more , Umsza-Guez MA
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2020 · PMID 31577212 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Colorant-producing microorganisms are quite common in nature. These biomolecules present many biological activities such as antitumoral, antimicrobial and antioxidant, in addition to the various nuances of co...
BACKGROUND: Colorant-producing microorganisms are quite common in nature. These biomolecules present many biological activities such as antitumoral, antimicrobial and antioxidant, in addition to the various nuances of color, making them of special technological importance to the industrial sectors. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to conduct a technological mapping in the patent, at European patent Office (EPO), in order to evaluate the global panorama of the use of microbial colorants. METHODS: The experimental design was acquired by the keyword-driven approach through the advanced search in the Espacenet database European Patent Office (EPO). The keywords selected were bacteria or fungi* or yeast or algae or microorganism* but not plant* and pigment* or color* or colorant* or dye* and the International Patent Classification code, C09B61, for prospecting of interest. RESULTS: There has been a linear increase in patents developed in the last 20 years, with Japan as the largest depositor in the area. The companies Dainippon Ink and Chemicals and Ajinomoto, both being Japanese, are the largest depositors with 20% of all patents. Among the microorganisms, the filamentous fungi appeared in the first place with 32% of documents and the fungi of the genus Monascus were the most frequently used. CONCLUSION: The use of microbial colorants has been growing among industries, mainly in food sectors, due to the growing demand for products of natural origin. Thus, the increase in research and technological development in the area of microbial colorants can become an economically viable and promising strategy for the various industrial sectors.
Screening of Metal and Antibiotic Resistance in Beta-lactamase Producing Coliform Bacteria from Hospital Wastewater of Northern India.
Alam M, Imran M, Ahmad SS
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2020 · PMID 31577211 · Publisher ↗
AIMS: Our exploration work has uncovered the different anti-toxin/metal tolerance and patterns against the heavy metal resistant coliform microscopic organisms from the aquatic waste of the hospital. It might give new ro...
AIMS: Our exploration work has uncovered the different anti-toxin/metal tolerance and patterns against the heavy metal resistant coliform microscopic organisms from the aquatic waste of the hospital. It might give new routes for the treatment of irresistible ailments particularly by coliform and critical for hazard evaluation as well as hazard management associated with the effluents of the hospital. BACKGROUND: The higher use of pharmaceuticals, Radionuclides, and other antimicrobial solvents are the major source of metals in hospital wastewater. The hospital aquatic environment has a high content of both organic and inorganic matter with living organisms. Bacteria can resist an antimicrobial agent by producing extracellular enzymes that eliminate antibiotics and metal toxicity. In this study, we covered the existing patent literature in this area. New patents in the areas of topically applied antibiotics and agents that can potentiate the achievement of existing antibiotics may extend their helpful lifetime. METHODS: Samples were collected from three different Departments of King George Medical University, Lucknow during the month of December to May (2015-16). Isolation and metal tolerance of coliform isolates were done on metal amended plates. The antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disc diffusion method. The plasmid DNA of bacterial isolates was done by the alkaline lysis method. The conjugation study was also performed in wastewater as well as a nutrient medium. RESULTS: Maximum isolates demonstrated their MICs at 400, 800 and 1600 μg/ml against all the metals, respectively. The high level of resistance was observed against Methicillin (88.32%, 80.60%) followed by penicillin (75%, 76%), Cephradin (59.52%, 28.84%) and least to Gentamycine (1.92%, 5.76) in E. coli and Enterobacter, respectively. Of 70%, 78% E. coli and Enterobacter isolates produce beta-lactamase activity. Six amino acid residues namely, Glu104, Tyr105, Asn132, Asn170, Ala237, and Gly238 of the beta-lactamase were found in the common interaction with the selected drugs. Plasmid DNA size ranged between 48-58.8 kb. The conjugation experiments showed a higher transfer frequency (5.5×10-1 and 3.6×10-1) rate among antibiotics and metals tested. CONCLUSION: The finding of this study presents a potential health problem as the predominant coliform species have increasingly been associated with outbreaks of hospital infections. It is recommended that hospital waste must be properly treated before its release into the environment.
Trends in Biotechnology at the Turn of the Millennium.
Mozafari M, Tariverdian T, Beynaghi A
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2020 · PMID 31549958 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The concept of biotechnology has gained wide popularity by the time. There is, of course, some anecdotal evidence as to what topics are currently considered the most prominent and how they can be compared to...
BACKGROUND: The concept of biotechnology has gained wide popularity by the time. There is, of course, some anecdotal evidence as to what topics are currently considered the most prominent and how they can be compared to the common perception of which research topics were considered "trendy" years ago. OBJECTIVE: A thorough search of exact time frames can help us quantitatively determine the evolution of prominent biotechnology research topics since the turn of the century. METHODS: A text data mining approach has been followed to better identify the emerging trends and perspectives in biotechnology, taking a look back at how the focus of research and innovation in biotechnology has shifted, evolved and impacted the human race over the past three decades. RESULTS: The extent of biotechnology today is vast, however, the most important newly developed research themes and patents largely influence human healthcare, affecting hundreds of millions of people who use grafts, devices, diagnostics, treatment and delivery systems. Even if biotechnology is very much focused on healthcare, there is also focus on other specialized concepts, such as biofuel, biocatalyst, food, agriculture and water purification, which have a strong influence on the research topics studied today. CONCLUSION: We are in the process of developing the practice of medicine through pioneering advances in biotechnology research and innovation. As companies continue to develop emerging treatment strategies (involving gene therapy, stem cells, nanomedicine and new drug delivery systems) that address significant unmet needs, future innovations in biotechnology research will bring exciting new advancements to help millions of more people worldwide.
Dose-response Evaluation of Propolis Dental Varnish in Children: A Randomized Control Study.
Neto EMR, Valadas LAR, Lobo PLD … +6 more , Fernandes AMB, da Cruz Fonseca SG, Fechine FV, Júnior FJG, Bandeira MAM, de França Fonteles MM
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2020 · PMID 31448718 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Early childhood caries is a sugar-dependent disease with multifactorial modulating factors affecting deciduous dentition. It is defined as the presence of at least one decayed tooth, absence of a tooth due to...
BACKGROUND: Early childhood caries is a sugar-dependent disease with multifactorial modulating factors affecting deciduous dentition. It is defined as the presence of at least one decayed tooth, absence of a tooth due to caries or the existence of a temporary restoration in a tooth in a child between zero and 71 months of age. No BRP varnish was found in intellectual property banks, therefore it was registered and deposited with patent number BR1020160190142. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose-response concentration of alcoholic extract of Brazilian red propolis (BRP), in the form of dental varnish, against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in children. METHODS: Twenty-four children, aged between 36 and 71 months, of both genders and without caries, were selected to participate in this pilot study and grouped randomly into four groups to receive different concentrations of BRP varnish (1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%). The varnish was applied to the surface of all second deciduous molars. The antimicrobial activity was observed in saliva, which was collected in two phases: before applying the BRP varnish and after use. RESULTS: There was microbiological reduction of S. mutans in the oral cavity of the children in all the tested concentrations. The highest percentage reduction of S. mutans was observed at the concentration of 2.5% (P = 0.0443). CONCLUSION: The BRP extract in the form of dental varnish has antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and constitutes a possible alternative in the prevention of dental caries.
Recent Patents on Impact of Lipopeptide on the Biofilm Formation onto Titanium and Stainless Steel Surfaces.
Pires MEE, Parreira AG, Silva TNL … +7 more , Colares HC, da Silva JA, de Magalhães JT, Galdino AS, Gonçalves DB, Granjeiro JM, Granjeiro PA
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2020 · PMID 31438836 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Numerous causes of infection in arthroplasties are related to biofilm formation on implant surfaces. In order to circumvent this problem, new alternatives to prevent bacterial adhesion biosurfactants-based ar...
BACKGROUND: Numerous causes of infection in arthroplasties are related to biofilm formation on implant surfaces. In order to circumvent this problem, new alternatives to prevent bacterial adhesion biosurfactants-based are emerging due to low toxicity, biodegradability and antimicrobial activity of several biosurfactants. We revised all patents relating to biosurfactants of applicability in orthopedic implants. METHODS: This work aims to evaluate the capability of a lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659 isolates acting as inhibitors of the adhesion of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 onto titanium and stainless steel surfaces and its antimicrobial activity. RESULTS: The adhesion of the strains to the stainless-steel surface was higher than that of titanium. Preconditioning of titanium and stainless-steel surfaces with 10 mg mL-1 lipopeptide reduced the adhesion of E. coli by up to 93% and the adhesion of S. aureus by up to 99.9%, suggesting the strong potential of lipopeptides in the control of orthopedic infections. The minimal inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were 10 and 240 µg mL-1 for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. CONCLUSION: The lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659 presented high biotechnological application in human health against orthopedic implants infections.
Biochemical Implications of Biotransformation of Some Toxic Floras Using Natural Local Enzyme Sources.
Agomuo EN, Amadi PU
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2020 · PMID 31438835 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been established that simultaneous saccharification and fermentation is a potent technique for the detoxification of harmful plant materials. OBJECTIVE: Following encouraging simultaneous med...
BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been established that simultaneous saccharification and fermentation is a potent technique for the detoxification of harmful plant materials. OBJECTIVE: Following encouraging simultaneous medicinal applications of snail slime and yeast, we exploited their hydrolytic and fermentation potentials to prevent toxicities of the selected floras; Erythrodontium barteri (EB), bracken fern (BF), and crustose lichens (CL). The applicability of the saccharification process has been described in a patent (WO2005010193A2). METHODS: The plants were bioprocessed using snail digestive juice and yeast slurry and their health effects were evaluated. Seventy rats were divided equally into groups, treated with single doses of aqueous extracts of the plants and their bioprocessed forms, and compared with control rats. RESULTS: The plants showed very high antinutrients levels, which significantly reduced after SSF with enhanced flavonoids, alkaloids and phenols. Potential alterations of WBC differentials, RBC, liver and renal function markers indices were mitigated by bioprocessed extracts. MDA, SOD, GRase, XO and XDH levels in rats administered the bEB and CL were equivalent to the levels found for the control rats. Some bioprocessed plants produced unaltered insulin, ghrelin, and leptin levels. The bioprocessed extracts, when compared to the effects of unprocessed extracts, produced lower TNF-α, Caspase-3, and adiponectin levels and mitigated the potential suppression of Na+/K+-ATPase levels. Potential depletion of inhibin-B, testosterone, estrogen, and prolactin was mitigated after bioprocessing. CONCLUSION: This study, thus, validates the application of bioprocessing using snail digestive juice and yeast as an effective approach to reduce the potential toxicities of harmful plants.
A Custom-Designed Recombinant Multiepitope Protein for Human Cytomegalovirus Diagnosis.
Ribeiro PAF, Souza MQ, Dias DS … +11 more , Álvares ACM, Nogueira LM, Machado JM, Dos Santos JC, Godoi RR, Nobrega YKM, Campos-da-Paz M, de Freitas SM, Felipe MSS, Torres FAG, Galdino AS
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2019 · PMID 31333134 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has infected more than 90% of the world population and its prevalence can be related to the individuals geographical and socialeconomic status. Serological tests based on ELIS...
BACKGROUND: The Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has infected more than 90% of the world population and its prevalence can be related to the individuals geographical and socialeconomic status. Serological tests based on ELISA are pivotal for HCMV diagnosis. Due to the lack of standardization in the production/purification of antigens from viral preparations, ELISA tests are based on several recombinant proteins or peptides. As an alternative, multiepitope proteins may be employed. OBJECTIVE: In this work, we developed a recombinant multiepitope protein (rMEHCMV) for HCMV diagnosis based on conserved and immunodominant epitopes derived from tegument (pp150, pp65 and pp28), glycoprotein gB (pp38) and DNA polymerase subunit (pp52) of HCMV. METHODS: The rMEHCMV gene was synthesized de novo and overexpressed in Escherichia coli cells. The recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity using a Ni-NTA column. Biophysical analysis of recombinant protein was performed by circular dichroism. A preliminary biological activity test was performed using 12 positive human sera samples by using an in-house IgG ELISA. The following patents database were consulted: Espacenet, Google Patents and the National Institute of Intellectual Property (INPI, Brazil). RESULTS: The recombinant multiepitope protein was successfully expressed in E. coli. The structural data obtained by circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that rMEHCMV is structurally disordered. An in-house IgG ELISA test with rMEHCMV was successfully used to recognized IgG from human serum samples. CONCLUSION: Together, our results show that rMEHCMV should be considered as a potential antigenic target for HCMV diagnosis.
Products of Dental Use Containing Copaiba Oil-resin: Technological Prospecting Based on Patents.
Valadas LAR, de Oliveira-Filho RD, de Oliveira MBL … +4 more , de Mello Fiallos AC, Lotif MAL, de França Fonteles MM, Bandeira MAM
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2020 · PMID 31333133 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Copaiba oil-resin has been widely used and is especially found in neotropical regions, for which several pharmacological activities have been documented over the years. Prospective studies in intellectual pro...
BACKGROUND: Copaiba oil-resin has been widely used and is especially found in neotropical regions, for which several pharmacological activities have been documented over the years. Prospective studies in intellectual property banks are important to increase competitiveness and thus generate new products in various research areas. OBJECTIVE: A prospective study was carried out on patents of products containing copaiba oil-resin for dental use in intellectual property banks. METHODS: The research was conducted with patent searches in six intellectual property banks of the world. Relevant information about the invention in the patent document was collected, processed and described. RESULTS: The search found 9 patents using copaiba resin oil-resin in dental products. The National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI-Brazil) had the highest number of deposits (5), followed by Espacenet (2) and Free Patents (2). C. Langsdorffii was highlighted as the most widely used species in the products and deposits of vehicles in formulations (3). All the patents in the search are A61K code for medical, dental or hygienic purposes. CONCLUSION: Most of the found patents are related to the area of Microbiology, specifically with application in Cariology. Brazil is represented by the INPI and presented the highest number of patent applications when compared to other intellectual property banks.
Random Mutagenesis of Thermophilic Xylanase for Enhanced Stability and Efficiency Validated through Molecular Docking.
Chauhan S, Jaiswal V, Attri C … +1 more , Seth A
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2020 · PMID 31333132 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Xylanases of thermophilic origin are more robust and stable and hence more suitable for industrial applications. The aim of the research was to develop a patent using a robust mutant exhibiting enhanced xylan...
BACKGROUND: Xylanases of thermophilic origin are more robust and stable and hence more suitable for industrial applications. The aim of the research was to develop a patent using a robust mutant exhibiting enhanced xylanase activity. The strain (Bacillus aestuarii SC-2014) subjected to mutagenesis is thermophilic in origin and hence it is envisioned that the enhancement of its catalytic potential will enhance its industrial applicability. OBJECTIVE: The main aim was to develop a stable and vigorous mutant having higher xylanase activity and improved thermostability. METHODS: The bacterial strain isolated from the Tattapani hot springs of Himachal Pradesh (India) was mutagenized by single separate exposure of Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and N-methyl N-nitro N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). RESULTS: A mutant library was generated and extensive screening led to the identification of the most potent mutant strain selected and designated as Bacillus sp. SC-2014 EMS200 (MTCC number 25046) which displayed not only enhanced xylanase activity and thermo stability but also appreciable genetic stability. This strain displayed a 3-fold increase in enzyme activity and simultaneously, a significant reduction in fermentation time from 72 h to 48 h was also observed. The xylanase gene from wild and mutant strain was cloned, sequenced and subjected to molecular docking. Two mutations H121D and S123T were present inside the binding pocket. CONCLUSION: Mutation H121D made the binding pocket more acidic and charged, thus enhancing the xylanase activity for mutant protein. Mutations also resulted in charged amino acids (Y99K and H121D) which were identified as a probable cause for enhancing the thermostability of mutant protein.
Enzymatic Textile Dyes Decolorization by In vitro and In silico Studies.
Ayla S, Kallubai M, Pallipati SD … +1 more , Narasimha G
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2019 · PMID 31241023 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Laccase, a multicopper oxidoreductase (EC: 1.10.3.2), is a widely used enzyme in bioremediation of textile dye effluents. Fungal Laccase is preferably used as a remediating agent in the treatment and transfor...
BACKGROUND: Laccase, a multicopper oxidoreductase (EC: 1.10.3.2), is a widely used enzyme in bioremediation of textile dye effluents. Fungal Laccase is preferably used as a remediating agent in the treatment and transformation of toxic organic pollutants. In this study, crude laccase from a basidiomycetes fungus, Phanerochaete sordida, was able to decolorize azo, antroquinone and indigoid dyes. In addition, interactions between dyes and enzyme were analysed using molecular docking studies. METHODS: In this work, a white rot basidiomycete's fungus, Phanerochaete sordida, was selected from forest soil isolates of Eastern Ghats, and Tirumala and lignolytic enzymes production was assayed after 7 days of incubation. The crude enzyme was checked for decolourisation of various synthetic textile dyes (Vat Brown, Acid Blue, Indigo, Reactive Blue and Reactive Black). Molecular docking studies were done using Autodock-4.2 to understand the interactions between dyes and enzymes. RESULTS: Highest decolourisation efficiency was achieved with the crude enzyme in case of vat brown whereas the lowest decolourisation efficiency was achieved in Reactive blue decolourisation. Similar results were observed in their binding affinity with lignin peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium through molecular docking approach. CONCLUSION: Thus, experimental results and subsequent in silico validation involving an advanced remediation approach would be useful to reduce time and cost in other similar experiments.
Investigation of Antioxidant Properties of Three Naturally Isolated Microalgae: Identification and Bioinformatics Evaluation of the Most Efficient Strain.
Morowvat MH, Goharian S, Ghasemi Y
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2019 · PMID 31241022 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In this study, three naturally isolated species of microalgae were investigated for their antioxidant activity using DPPH assay and polyphenol contents through Folin-ciocalteu analysis. METHODS...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In this study, three naturally isolated species of microalgae were investigated for their antioxidant activity using DPPH assay and polyphenol contents through Folin-ciocalteu analysis. METHODS: Three different solvents including hexane, ethyl acetate and water, which present different polarities were utilized to extract the bioactive components from three different microalgal strains. RESULTS: The investigated species exhibited considerable amounts of antioxidants (25.88 ± 0.48 µmol Trolox g-1 in Scenedesmus obliquus) and polyphenol compounds (27.14 ± 0.40 mg GAE g-1 in Chlorella vulgaris). The observed correlation coefficient (R2=0.8265) between the two studied parameters confirmed the great contribution of the phenolic compounds in the observed antioxidant activities. CONCLUSION: The phylogenetics and other bioinformatic tools were confirmed as a useful method for identification of the most prominent species. The obtained data and patents warrant the potentials of naturally isolated microalgal strains for obtaining different antioxidant and polyphenolic bioactive compounds.
Cannabis and Cannabinoids on Treatment of Inflammation: A Patent Review.
Nascimento Menezes PM, Valença Pereira EC, Gomes da Cruz Silva ME … +6 more , da Silva BAO, de Souza Duarte Filho LAM, de Lima Araújo TC, Bezerra Lima KS, Silva FS, Rolim LA
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2019 · PMID 31237222 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The inflammatory process is a physiological response to a vast number of harmful stimulus that takes place in order to restore homeostasis. Many drugs used in pharmacotherapy are effective to control inflamma...
BACKGROUND: The inflammatory process is a physiological response to a vast number of harmful stimulus that takes place in order to restore homeostasis. Many drugs used in pharmacotherapy are effective to control inflammatory responses, however, there is a range of adverse effects attributed to steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In this sense, herbal medicine and derivatives have gained more attention because of their effectiveness and safety, showing the importance of medicinal plants, especially the Cannabis genus and the cannabinoid derivatives. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospection was to identify data related to patents involving Cannabis and cannabinoids for the treatment of inflammation. METHODS: To do so, a search for patents was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Cannabis and cannabinoids. Four specialized databases for patent research were consulted using the terms "cannabis", "cannabidiol", "cannabinoids" and "THC" associated with "inflammation". RESULTS: A total of 370 patents were found, of which 17 patents met the inclusion criteria. Although reports show synergistic effects of the plant components, patents involving Cannabis and cannabinoids focus on isolated substances (CBD e THC). CONCLUSION: However, patents related to Cannabis and cannabinoids are promising for future use of the plant or its derivatives on the treatment of inflammation.
Technological Potential of Avocado Oil: Prospective Study Based on Patent Documents.
Gabriela VC, Barreto Rocha NT, de Abreu BG … +3 more , de Oliveira RJH, Costa CJ, Aparecida Souza MB
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2019 · PMID 31113349 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Avocado (Persea Americana, Mill.), belonging to the Lauraceae family, is considered a tropical fruit originating in Central America, with Mexico being the largest producer in the world. The fruit stands out f...
BACKGROUND: Avocado (Persea Americana, Mill.), belonging to the Lauraceae family, is considered a tropical fruit originating in Central America, with Mexico being the largest producer in the world. The fruit stands out for its economic potential and high nutritional value and its oil has good commercial value, however, its production is still incipient, being mainly used by the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Despite producing a significant amount of oil, the avocado seed is still considered a by-product of fruit processing. METHODS: Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the technological potential of the oil obtained from the avocado and avocado seed through the research and analysis of patent documents available worldwide, in order to identify the main countries that have the technology researched as well as, the main areas of application. We revised all the patents related to acquisition, application and the use of avocado oil. For this, a search was carried out for the database of the Derwent Innovation Index (DII), which compiles the collection of documents published around the world. RESULTS: A total of 144 patent documents were identified, which were evaluated for the country of origin of thepublisher, the type of thepublisher, inventors, rate of publication over time and areas of application. There has been an increase in the number of patents producded as of 2011, which proves it to be a current and interesting technology. The main countries were the United States and the European Union. CONCLUSION: The documents identified referred to different processes applied to obtain oil, as well as the application for the development of new food, cosmetic and veterinary products. In this way, although incipient, the researched technology proved to be a promising area of research to be explored by universities and companies in view of the characteristics and potential of the product.
The Effect of Alpha-Tocopherol on Morphine Tolerance-induced Expression of c-fos Proto-oncogene from a Biotechnological Perspective.
Mehrabi S, Nasirinezhad F, Barati M … +9 more , Abutaleb N, Barati S, Dereshky BT, Amini N, Milan PB, Jahanmahin A, Sarveazad A, Samadikuchaksaraei A, Mozafari M
Recent Pat Biotechnol · 2019 · PMID 30973107 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The increase of oxidant compounds is the most well-known reasons for the tolerance to the analgesic properties of Morphine. Additionally, the production of proxy-nitrite impairs receptors, proteins and enzyme...
BACKGROUND: The increase of oxidant compounds is the most well-known reasons for the tolerance to the analgesic properties of Morphine. Additionally, the production of proxy-nitrite impairs receptors, proteins and enzymes involved in the signaling pathways of analgesia, apoptosis and necrosis. Also, we revised all patents relating to opioid tolerance control methods. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Alpha-tocopherol as an anti-oxidant agent to reduce Morphine tolerance. METHOD: Forty male rats randomly divided into four groups. 10 mg/kg of morphine was injected subcutaneously to create the desired level of tolerance. After modeling, 70 mg/kg Alpha- Tocopherol was injected intraperitoneal. Also, the hot plate recorded pain threshold alterations was used to evaluate the behavioral test. All tissue samples were extracted from the spinal cord, thalamus and frontal cortex for molecular and gene expression evaluations. Also, the effect of Alpha- Tocopherol on the apoptosis and necrosis parameters was analyzed using nissl staining and tunel test. RESULTS: The time latency results showed that there were no significant differences in the different days in groups treated with Morphine plus Alpha-Tocopherol. However, our data highlighted that the pain threshold and their time latency in respond to it had substantially increased in comparison with the control group. Furthermore, we found that the Alpha-Tocopherol obviously decreased c-fos gene expression, especially in the spinal cord. CONCLUSION: Thus, co-administration of Alpha-Tocopherol with Morphine can decrease the adverse effects of nitrite proxy, which is released due to repeated injections of Morphine.
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