Journal Of Dentistry[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Preemptive photobiomodulation therapy for reducing pain during local anesthetic needle puncture in dental and craniomaxillofacial procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Nascimento MFDS, Almeida JES, Gomes MCM … +4 more , Costa LSD, Silva PGB, Damasceno JX, Verde MEQL
J Dent · 2026 Jun · PMID 42259468 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of preemptive photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in reducing pain during local anesthetic needle puncture in dental and craniomaxillofacial procedures. DATA SOURCES: A systematic...
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of preemptive photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in reducing pain during local anesthetic needle puncture in dental and craniomaxillofacial procedures. DATA SOURCES: A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted through November 2025 in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42025641468). STUDY SELECTION/RESULTS: Randomized controlled clinical trials comparing PBMT with placebo, sham, topical anesthetic, or no intervention were included. Twenty-seven studies (n = 1519 participants) met the eligibility criteria, and 25 were included in the meta-analysis. Random-effects meta-analyses with Hartung-Knapp adjustment and subgroup analyses (topical anesthetic use) were performed. Mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and prediction intervals were calculated. Risk of bias and certainty of evidence were assessed using RoB 2 and GRADE. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I² and between-study standard deviation (τ). PBMT significantly reduced pain scores measured by VAS (MD-1.72; CI -2.87 to -0.57), PRS (MD -0.89; CI -1.59 to -0.20), and FLACC (MD -1.14; CI-1.90 to -0.37) whereas SEM showed no significant effect (MD -0.56; CI -1.72 to 0.60). Substantial heterogeneity was observed (I² = 96.7%-98.9%; τ = 0.93-1.97). Most studies presented low risk or some concerns, mainly related to deviations from intended interventions, outcome measurement, and selective reporting. GRADE certainty was rated as very low across all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: PBMT may reduce pain during local anesthetic needle puncture. However, substantial heterogeneity, wide prediction intervals, and methodological limitations reduce confidence in the findings. Further standardized trials are needed to confirm efficacy and establish optimal parameters. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Preemptive PBMT may represent a promising noninvasive adjunctive strategy to reduce pain during anesthetic needle puncture, potentially improving patient comfort and cooperation, particularly in anxious and pediatric individuals. However, the current evidence remains limited by substantial heterogeneity, methodological variability, and very low certainty of evidence, highlighting the need for standardized irradiation protocols and well-designed clinical trials before routine clinical implementation can be recommended.
Stationary Intraoral Tomosynthesis: A Step toward the Future of Routine Dental Imaging.
Hamedani S, Zaeri S
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Jun · PMID 42257107 · Full text
Stationary intraoral tomosynthesis (s-IOT) is an innovative imaging modality designed to overcome limitations of conventional bitewing radiography, notably proximal overlap. Based on carbon nanotube field emission techno...
Stationary intraoral tomosynthesis (s-IOT) is an innovative imaging modality designed to overcome limitations of conventional bitewing radiography, notably proximal overlap. Based on carbon nanotube field emission technology, s-IOT acquires multiple projections across a 12° span and reconstructs them into high-resolution tomographic slices. Research indicates lower radiation dose compared to standard techniques and improved detection of proximal caries, periodontal bone loss, root fractures, and complex root morphologies including the direction and degree of dilaceration. Integration with synthetic radiography reduces artifacts and enhances interpretation. Future developments combining s-IOT with artificial intelligence and dual-energy imaging may further expand diagnostic potential, positioning s-IOT as a promising clinical tool.
Evaluating the Impact of Occlusal Adjustment on Post-Orthodontic Outcomes: Insights from T-Scan III Analysis.
Jahanbin A, Omidkhoda M, Zia F … +3 more , Madani AS, Koohrokhi A, Hosseini Z
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Jun · PMID 42253836 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Occlusal changing, spacing, and tooth movement are common problems caused by premature contact after orthodontic treatment. Occlusal adjustment has been suggested to help stabilize orthodontic treatment. T-Sc...
BACKGROUND: Occlusal changing, spacing, and tooth movement are common problems caused by premature contact after orthodontic treatment. Occlusal adjustment has been suggested to help stabilize orthodontic treatment. T-Scan III system is a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool for digital occlusal analysis in different fields of dentistry, particularly in orthodontics. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of occlusal adjustment on post-orthodontic occlusal parameters using the T-Scan III system, focusing on force distribution and occlusal contact dynamics. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This interventional randomized controlled trial included 30 patients (17 females and 13 males) aged 17-28 years with Class I malocclusion and severe crowding. The patients were divided into intervention and control groups. All patients under-went fixed orthodontic treatment with the extraction of the first four premolars. The intervention group received occlusal adjustments one month after debonding, while the control group received no intervention. Occlusal relationships were recorded at debonding (T0), one month (T1), and six months (T2) post-debonding using the T-Scan III system. The analyzed key parameters included the occlusal contact intensity, number, and distribution. Independent and paired t-tests, the Mann-Whitney test, the Chi-square test, and the Wilcoxon statistic were used. The significance level for statistical tests was set at Value< 0.05. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in occlusal force intensity or number of contacts at T1 and T2. However, these trends suggest an improved posterior force distribution in the intervention group, highlighting the clinical benefits of the occlusal adjustment. CONCLUSION: Although not statistically significant, the results suggest that occlusal adjustments supported by T-Scan III analysis may enhance occlusal stability and force distribution after orthodontic treatment. Future studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up periods are recommended to validate these findings.
Effect of an Herbal Mouthwash Derived from Pedicough Syrup on Plaque, Gingival and Bleeding Indices in Patients with Gingivitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Kiany F, Farboodniay Jahromi MA, Ghorbani M … +2 more , Talakesh S, Ebrahimi R
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Jun · PMID 42253835 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Gingivitis is a reversible periodontal disease caused by plaque. It can be prevented and managed through mechanical and chemical plaque control methods. While chlorhexidine (CHX) is the gold standard mouthwas...
BACKGROUND: Gingivitis is a reversible periodontal disease caused by plaque. It can be prevented and managed through mechanical and chemical plaque control methods. While chlorhexidine (CHX) is the gold standard mouthwash, its side effects have led to interest in herbal alternatives. Herbal mouthwashes containing plants such as , and show promise for treating gingivitis. PURPOSE: This study evaluates a novel herbal mouthwash, derived from Pedicough syrup, as an adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP) for chronic gingivitis treatment. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This double-blind randomized clinical trial included 45 systemically healthy individuals diagnosed with generalized chronic gingivitis. All the participants received phase 1 of periodontal treatment (oral hygiene instruction and SRP). They were then randomly assigned to three groups regarding the mouthwash they used as Group 1 (CHX mouthwash), Group 2 (Pedicough mouthwash), and Group 3 (placebo). Participants used 15ml of their assigned mouthwash twice daily for two weeks. At baseline and two weeks after using the mouthwashes, a single blinded operator assessed clinical periodontal parameters including gingival index, bleeding index, and plaque indices, which were evaluated across the entire mouth. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software with statistical significance set at Value < 0.05. RESULTS: All groups demonstrated improvements in indices from baseline to the end of the study. The two test groups showed greater reductions in plaque, bleeding, and gingival indices compared to the placebo group, and these differences were statistically significant. However, no significant differences were observed between the test groups in terms of periodontal parameters. CONCLUSION: The new herbal mouthwash demonstrated beneficial effects on clinical periodontal parameters, including plaque, gingival, and bleeding indices, comparable to those of CHX when used as an adjunct to SRP in patients with gingivitis.
Evaluating the Serum Levels of CD73 in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Zare R, Ranjbar MA, Ebrahimi A … +3 more , Malekzadeh M, Khademi B, Savadi N
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Jun · PMID 42253834 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The expression of CD73 antigen is associated with different prognoses in different carcinomas. However, few studies have assessed the level of this marker in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as the most common m...
BACKGROUND: The expression of CD73 antigen is associated with different prognoses in different carcinomas. However, few studies have assessed the level of this marker in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as the most common malignancy of the head and neck region. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of CD73 in patients with head and neck SCC to explain their association with clinicopathological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This cross-sectional study was done on 60 samples taken from patients with head and neck SCC. A total of 28 healthy individuals were enrolled as the control group. Using the sandwich ELISA method, the serum levels of CD73 were measured. The data were statistically analyzed using the independent t-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: The mean serum level of CD73 in the SCC patients (114.38 ng/ml, n=60) was almost similar to that of the healthy controls (137.22 ng/ml, n=28; Value=0.098). The mean serum levels of CD73 were greater in patients with III/IV-stage tumors than in those with I/II-stage tumors (121.37±55.96 ng/ml, n=28 vs 108.27±39.44 ng/ml, n=32; = 0.294). No correlation was found between the serum levels of CD73 and sex, age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and other organ metastasis. CONCLUSION: The results of the current study revealed no significant relationship between the serum levels of CD73 and the clinicopathological factors in patients with head and neck SCC. These results suggest that the serum levels of CD73 may not be a useful biomarker for the recognition of the clinical behavior of head and neck SCC. However, the actual role of CD73 in SCC remains unclear and requires further research.
Fracture Resistance of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate- and Biodentine-Pulpotomized teeth with Different Restorative Techniques: An in vitro Study.
Farhadpour H, Ghahramani Y, Jahani M … +2 more , Poursoleyman H, Mohammadi-Bassir M
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Jun · PMID 42253833 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Preserving the radicular pulp in traumatically or mechanically exposed teeth through coronal pulpotomy (CP) is an advantageous endodontic procedure. PURPOSE: This study compared the fracture resistance (FR) o...
BACKGROUND: Preserving the radicular pulp in traumatically or mechanically exposed teeth through coronal pulpotomy (CP) is an advantageous endodontic procedure. PURPOSE: This study compared the fracture resistance (FR) of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine (BD) in pulpotomized maxillary premolars restored with different materials. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Ninety extracted maxillary premolars were divided into 9 groups (n=10). Group 1 served as intact controls. For the other groups, after access cavity preparation, half of the teeth were pulpotomized with MTA, and the others with BD. Groups 2 (MTA/unrestored) and 3 (BD/unrestored) remained unrestored. Restorations were as follows: Groups 4 (MTA/GI+Am) and 5 (BD/GI+Am) were restored with glass ionomer and amalgam; groups 6 (MTA/RMGI+ conventional com) and 7 (BD/RMGI+conventional com) with resin-modified glass-ionomer and conventional composite resin; groups 8 (MTA/bulk-fill com) and 9 (BD/bulk-fill com) with bulk-fill composite. After 24 hours, the FR test was conducted. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the Tukey test ( Value< 0.05). RESULTS: FR of control group was significantly higher than the all other groups (> 0.05). There was no significant difference between two unrestored MTA and BD groups (2 and 3) (p= 0.62). Group 2 (MTA/unrestored) showed significantly lower FR compared to all composite restored groups (6-9) (< 0.05), and comparable to amalgam restored groups (4 and 5). The higher FR of all the restored groups (4-9) compared to BD/unrestored group (group 3) was not significant > 0.05). There was no significant difference between all the restored groups in terms of FR and fracture type rate (.> 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both composite resins increased the strength of MTA-pulpotomized premolars, but this was not the case for BD. FR of amalgam restorations did not significantly differ from both composite resin restorations. However, none of the tested restorations was capable to recover the fracture strength completely.
Comparison of the Antimicrobial Effect of Atorvastatin and Nano-Atorvastatin Mouthwash on : An Study.
Ramezani A, Etezadi T, Goli H … +6 more , Daraei N, Saeedi M, Mollaei M, Sedighi A, Hosseinnataj A, Ehsani H
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Jun · PMID 42253832 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The emergence of resistance, side effects, and the high cost of drugs indicates a need for other therapeutic alternatives with similar properties but fewer side effects. PURPOSE: The present study aims to com...
BACKGROUND: The emergence of resistance, side effects, and the high cost of drugs indicates a need for other therapeutic alternatives with similar properties but fewer side effects. PURPOSE: The present study aims to compare the antimicrobial effect of atorvastatin and nano-atorvastatin mouthwash on . MATERIALS AND METHOD: In this study, the atorvastatin and nano-atorvastatin mouthwashes were prepared, and their antibacterial property against was assessed using the agar well diffusion and microbroth dilution tests. Water and chlorhexidine were considered as the negative and positive control groups. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the size of the diameter of the non-growth halo. Data analysis was obtained using SPSS V.22, and the significance level was considered less than 0.05. RESULTS: The results of the well diffusion test showed that the diameter of the non-growth halo of chlorhexidine, atorvastatin, and nano-atorvastatin was 27, 18, and 12mm, respectively. The diameter of the halo of non-growth among different substances was statistically significant ( Value=0.08), however, no significant difference was observed between atorvastatin and nano-atorvastatin (= 0.05). The findings of the microbroth dilution test showed that atorvastatin and nano-atorvastatin had the minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.039 and 0.002 µg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests strong antimicrobial activity of atorvastatin and nano-atorvastatin against . Therefore, these substances can be used as an additional drug in treating periodontal diseases.
Evaluation of Knowledge and Performance of General Dentists in Shiraz, Iran, Regarding Antibiotic Prescription in Endodontic Treatments (2024).
Nazari M, Bakhtiar M, Alimardani F … +2 more , Ali Mirhoseini Sarvestani S, Asheghi B
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Jun · PMID 42253831 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in dentistry contributes significantly to global antibiotic resistance. Clinical guidelines published by the American association of endodontists (AAE) explicitly state th...
BACKGROUND: Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in dentistry contributes significantly to global antibiotic resistance. Clinical guidelines published by the American association of endodontists (AAE) explicitly state that clinicians should avoid prescribing antibiotics for uncomplicated dentoalveolar infections unless systemic symptoms are present. Evaluation of compliance with current antibiotic prescribing guidelines and identifying the gaps between knowledge and clinical performance of clinical practitioners is essential. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and clinical performance regarding antibiotic use in endodontic treatments among general dentists in Shiraz, Iran, regarding the latest AAE guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated questionnaire (Content Validity Index= 0.89, Cronbach's α= 0.82) distributed to 140 general dentists and residents in Shiraz via random sampling. The questionnaire assessed (1) demographic characteristics, (2) knowledge of current guidelines, and (3) clinical prescribing performance through case scenarios. We analyzed data from 103 completed responses using IBM SPSS v27.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) with descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression ( Value < 0.05). RESULTS: While participants demonstrated moderate to good theoretical knowledge (70.9% correctly identified first-line antibiotics), significant gaps existed in clinical application. Notably, 69.9% of participants prescribed antibiotics inappropriately for immunocompromised patients. Residents exhibited significantly better practical guideline compliance than general practitioners (= 0.019). No significant associations were found with gender, clinical experience, or workplace. Also, 88.3% expressed need for further training. CONCLUSION: Considering moderate to good knowledge, coupled with a low to moderate performance level, significant deviations from AAE guidelines highlight the need for targeted educational interventions, including workshops and curriculum integration, to improve antibiotic stewardship.
Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer: Current Update, Limitations and Future Perspectives.
Bajpai M
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Jun · PMID 42253830 · Full text
Oral cancer represents a significant global health challenge with rising incidence and mortality rates in various regions. The prognosis of oral cancer significantly increases if it is diagnosed in early stages. Artifici...
Oral cancer represents a significant global health challenge with rising incidence and mortality rates in various regions. The prognosis of oral cancer significantly increases if it is diagnosed in early stages. Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing early oral cancer diagnosis through various applications, revolutionizing the field of oral pathology. These innovative approaches are transforming the way healthcare professionals detect, asses and mange the cases of oral cancer cases, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes and reduced mortality rates. This brief communication explores the integration AI in the early diagnosis of oral cancer, highlighting recent advancements and potential future applications. The study reviews current methodologies employing AI technologies, such as machine learning and deep learning algorithms, to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of oral cancer detection. It discusses the role of AI in analyzing clinical images, patient data, and other diagnostic tools, emphasizing its ability to identify precancerous lesions and reduce diagnostic delays.
The Role of Herbal Medicine in the Management of Oral Conditions: A Comprehensive Review.
Kolahi M, Sobootkar M, Hamidzade S … +1 more , Ghods K
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Jun · PMID 42253829 · Full text
Herbal medicine has been traditionally used in managing various health conditions, including oral diseases. With growing interest in natural treatments, numerous plant-derived compounds have been studied for their antimi...
Herbal medicine has been traditionally used in managing various health conditions, including oral diseases. With growing interest in natural treatments, numerous plant-derived compounds have been studied for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and wound-healing properties. The present study aims to evaluate the influence of various types of herbal medicine in the management of oral conditions, along with their advantages and disadvantages. For this review article, a complete query was carried out on PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus databases, and the studies published during 2015-2024 were collected using the keywords such as "Herbal Medicine," "Oral Disorder," "Complementary Therapies", "Treatment Outcome," and "Drug Effects." After applying appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria, 64 relevant articles focused on the application of herbal medicine in the treatment of oral diseases were selected and evaluated. Among all the medical herbs, aloe vera, turmeric, ginger, and green tea have shown more promising antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that contribute to oral health. In other words, studies suggest that the mentioned herbs may aid in reducing plaque formation, managing gingival inflammation, promoting wound healing, and controlling oral microbial infections better than other herbs. As evidenced by the obtained results, herbal medicine holds promise as a complementary or alternative approach in oral care due to its bioactive properties and potential therapeutic benefits. However, further clinical trials and scientific validation is necessary to ensure safety, efficacy, and standardization before herbal treatments can be fully integrated into modern practice.
Dilated Odontoma of the Mandible: A Rare Case Report with Discussion about the Differential Diagnosis.
Atarbashi-Moghadam S, Lotfi A, Foroozandehfar N … +1 more , Eftekhari Moghadam P
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Jun · PMID 42253828 · Full text
Dilated odontoma is a rare developmental anomaly considered the most severe form of dens invaginatus (dense in dente). It results from a deep enamel-lined invagination into the dental papilla before mineralization, formi...
Dilated odontoma is a rare developmental anomaly considered the most severe form of dens invaginatus (dense in dente). It results from a deep enamel-lined invagination into the dental papilla before mineralization, forming a ring-shaped radiopaque mass with a radiolucent center. Anterior mandibular involvement is uncommon. Familiarity with the radiographic features of this lesion is crucial for dental practitioners to make an accurate diagnosis. We report a case of a 12-year-old girl with a painless bony hard swelling in the anterior mandible. Panoramic radiograph revealed a well-defined, doughnut-like radiopaque lesion along with an unerupted permanent canine. The provisional diagnosis was dilated odontoma and ameloblastic fibro-odontoma. The treatment plan consisted of surgical removal of the lesion, followed by histopathologic study to confirm the initial diagnosis. Dilated odontoma may lead to permanent tooth impaction, particularly in atypical locations such as the mandible. It is recommended that the order of tooth eruption in the mixed dentition age group be carefully evaluated.
A Rare Presentation of Follicular Odontogenic Keratocyst of Maxillary Sinus Mimicking Dentigerous Cyst: A Case Report with 3-Year- Follow-Up.
Chandran S, Pandyan DA, Narasimman D … +3 more , Premkumar KK, Stephenson GS, Rajendran B
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Jun · PMID 42253827 · Full text
Follicular keratocyst is a rare variant of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), which surrounds the neck of an impacted tooth resembling a dentigerous cyst, usually diagnosed through radiographic and histological investigations...
Follicular keratocyst is a rare variant of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), which surrounds the neck of an impacted tooth resembling a dentigerous cyst, usually diagnosed through radiographic and histological investigations. A 22-year-old female patient presented with pain in the right maxilla for the past 3 years. Intraoral examination revealed a missing right maxillary third molar. Computed tomography (CT) showed a well-defined hyperdense area in the right maxillary sinus involving the crown of an impacted right maxillary third molar within the cystic lesion. A provisional diagnosis of dentigerous cyst was made. The cystic lesion was then surgically enucleated with an impacted right maxillary third molar under general anesthesia. Histological investigation of the enucleated lesion was suggestive of a follicular keratocyst. No adverse effects or recurrence were elicited postoperatively at the 3-year follow-up. OKC, in relation to the third molar, clinically may represent any other odontogenic cysts. Histopathological examination remains the gold standard for assessing the final diagnosis and guides the selection of a definitive treatment modality.
Predicting Growth Markers for Effective Palatal Expansion: A Comparative Study of DMPS, SMPS, and CVM.
Golfeshan F, Hajmohammadi AH, Zarif Najafi H … +1 more , Dehghani F
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Jun · PMID 42253826 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Effective planning and prediction of outcomes in orthodontic treatments require clinicians to identify precise growth markers. These markers play a critical role in determining the appropriate treatment strat...
BACKGROUND: Effective planning and prediction of outcomes in orthodontic treatments require clinicians to identify precise growth markers. These markers play a critical role in determining the appropriate treatment strategy for patients. PURPOSE: The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between midpalatal suture density (DMPS), the stage of maturation and morphology of the midpalatal suture (SMPS), and cervical vertebra maturation (CVM) across age groups and sexes to provide insight into their interdependence. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The sample size of this cross-sectional study was estimated using the sample size tables for logistic regression, with α=0.05 and a power of 80%. This study analyzed archived CBCT images and lateral cephalograms of 80 patients aged 7-30 years. The sample was divided into eight age groups. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationships between DMPS, SMPS, and CVM. p Value< 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The findings revealed significant correlations between CVM, DMPS, and SMPS in both males and females. Among females, the strongest correlations were between age and DMPS (r= 0.791), age and CVM (r= 0.750), and CVM and DMPS (r= 0.769). Similar trends were observed in males, with the highest correlations between age and DMPS (r= 0.832) and CVM and DMPS (r= 0.805). Across all age groups, DMPS showed the highest correlation with age, while SMPS exhibited the lowest. CONCLUSION: A highly significant relationship was identified between the SMPS, DMPS, and CVM parameters at all ages and in both sexes. The highest correlation belonged to age and DMPS, and the lowest correlation belonged to age and SMPS. Therefore, it can be concluded that DMPS can be estimated based on the patient's age, and vice versa to some extent. Furthermore, the correlation was stronger in men than in women, indicating a higher likelihood of a relationship.
Association between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Polymorphism in Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Patients (in the Iranian Population).
Mostafavi M, Rezazadeh F, Fattahi MJ … +2 more , Tavakoli F, Ghaderi A
J Dent (Shiraz) · 2026 Jun · PMID 42253825 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have revealed an association between vitamin D levels, genetic polymorphisms of the (vitamin D receptor) gene, and the underlying causes of various bone and cartilage disorders. PURPOSE: Thi...
BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have revealed an association between vitamin D levels, genetic polymorphisms of the (vitamin D receptor) gene, and the underlying causes of various bone and cartilage disorders. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the association between the polymorphism of the gene and serum vitamin D levels in a group of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) patients compared to healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Our cross-sectional study encompassed 42 TMD patients diagnosed according to the research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC /TMD) and 41 healthy subjects. Genomic DNA was prepared, the variant was analyzed by PCR-RFLP, and the serum vitamin D level was measured by ELISA technique. Chi square and ANOVA test was used for analysis and statistical significance was set at Value < 0.05. RESULTS: The serum levels of vitamin D in the TMD group were significantly lower than those in the control group, with values of 43.52±18.16 ng/mL compared to 57.56±21.29 ng/mL (= 0.002). The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was remarkably higher in the patients than in the controls, at 26.19% vs. 4.87%, respectively (= 0.008). Our analysis revealed no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of the variant between TMD patients and controls (= 0.475 and = 1.000, respectively). Additionally, our study found no significant association between the genotypes of the variant and vitamin D status (= 0.363). CONCLUSION: Monitoring vitamin D levels in TMD patients is important, as deficiency may impact disease development. Further research is needed on the role of vitamin D and gene variants in managing temporomandibular disorders.
Trueness and precision of resin models produced by different vat-photopolymerization 3D printing technologies for full-arch implant-supported restorations.
Ozer G, Bursa MC, Kokat AM
J Dent · 2026 Jun · PMID 42250640 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: The dimensional accuracy of resin models fabricated using different vat-photopolymerization technologies remains uncertain because of differences in manufacturing principles. This study compared the trueness...
OBJECTIVES: The dimensional accuracy of resin models fabricated using different vat-photopolymerization technologies remains uncertain because of differences in manufacturing principles. This study compared the trueness and precision of full-arch implant-supported resin models produced using digital light processing (DLP), masked stereolithography (MSLA), and liquid crystal display (LCD) systems. METHODS: A reference full-arch implant model was digitized using an industrial optical scanner and reproduced with three vat-photopolymerization 3D printing technologies (n = 45). Experimental datasets were superimposed onto the reference STL file using metrology software. Surface deviations were quantified using root mean square (RMS) values and color maps. Inter-implant linear (DIM) and angular deviations (ADEV, ANG) were also evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Significant differences were observed among the groups. The LCD system showed the lowest RMS deviations, indicating superior surface trueness. The MSLA system demonstrated lower linear and angular discrepancies, indicating higher positional precision. In contrast, the DLP system exhibited higher angular deviations at several implant sites. Color deviation analysis revealed greater discrepancies in the posterior and palatal regions in the DLP group, whereas the LCD group showed more homogeneous surface characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, LCD technology demonstrated the highest surface trueness, whereas MSLA technology provided superior implant positional accuracy and precision. No single technology was superior across all parameters, suggesting that technology selection should depend on whether surface trueness or implant positional accuracy is prioritized. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Technology selection among vat-photopolymerization systems should consider potential effects on the passive fit of implant-supported restorations and prioritize specific clinical accuracy requirements.
Digital Cross-Section Mapping: Automated 3D Quantification of Peri-Sulcular Structures Adjacent to Epi- and Subgingival Finish Lines in Digital Dentistry.
Kutaini M
J Dent · 2026 Jun · PMID 42242616 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To present a digital workflow that enables circumferential identification of anatomical landmarks and automated measurement of peri-sulcular structures adjacent to epi- or subgingival finish lines. MATERIALS...
OBJECTIVES: To present a digital workflow that enables circumferential identification of anatomical landmarks and automated measurement of peri-sulcular structures adjacent to epi- or subgingival finish lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five predominantly subgingivally prepared teeth were included. For each tooth, three STL files were obtained: an intraoral scan, a digitized conventional master-cast scan, and the same intraoral scan including the surrounding gingiva. Margin datasets were trimmed, then aligned with the gingival dataset using MarginSlicer, a custom Python program, with semi-automated best-fit registration. The merged dataset was sectioned into 360 transverse slices. Predefined landmarks and distances, including the sulcus floor, papilla vertex, sulcus width, sulcus depth, and preparation depth, were automatically identified and exported in 5° increments. RESULTS: Of 365 exported cross sections, 349 (95.6%) yielded calculable margin deviations. Landmarks required for peri-sulcular measurements were identified in 238 sections for sulcus width (65.2%), 235 for sulcus depth (64.4%), and 257 for preparation depth (70.4%). Per-tooth mean values (mm) ranged from 0.64±0.16 to 0.75±0.21 (sulcus width), 0.77±0.30 to 1.37±0.71 (sulcus depth), and 0.40±0.24 to 0.93±0.62 (preparation depth). Positive margin deviations predominated in all teeth, accounting for 75.8% to 92.5% of measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed workflow enables automated two-dimensional measurements from three-dimensional datasets and permits circumferential geometric analysis of prepared teeth relative to surrounding gingival tissue. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The workflow provides automated circumferential quantification of peri-sulcular structures and finish-line capture in digital scans. These standardized measurements can be integrated into digital analysis pipelines to enhance CAD workflow accuracy, improve evaluation of intraoral scanner performance, and increase the reliability of digitally fabricated restorations.
Accuracy assessment of a fully autonomous robotic system for zygomatic implant placement: An in vitro study.
Van Vo N, Vo KGT
J Dent · 2026 Jun · PMID 42242615 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of zygomatic implant (ZI) placement using a fully autonomous robotic system and to compare accuracy between implant sides (right versus left) and between implant posi...
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of zygomatic implant (ZI) placement using a fully autonomous robotic system and to compare accuracy between implant sides (right versus left) and between implant position in the first premolar region (#14 and #24) and the first molar region (#16 and #26). METHODS: An in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of ZI placement using a fully autonomous robotic system (Yakebot; Beijing YaKebot Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China). Ten edentulous maxillary resin models, all fabricated from the same patient's data, were used in this study. Each model received four ZIs at positions #14, #16, #24, and #26, for a total of 40 ZIs. Cracks occurred at eight sites during ZI placement; consequently, only 32 ZIs were included in the final analysis. RESULTS: Most ZIs showed deviations <1.5 mm at the neck (90.6%) and apex (68.8%), and <1.5° in angulation (68.8%). Regarding apex depth deviation, 62.5% of ZIs demonstrated deviations ranging from 0.0 to <1.5 mm. The mean neck, apex, angular, and apex depth deviations were 0.87 ± 0.49 mm, 1.26 ± 0.42 mm, 1.22 ± 0.50°, and 0.06 ± 0.65 mm, respectively. Angular deviation and apex depth deviation differed significantly between implant positions (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This in vitro investigation indicates that the fully autonomous robotic system can achieve high accuracy in ZI placement, as reflected by the mean neck, apex, angular, and apex depth deviations.
Feasibility of digitizing multiple tissue-level implants without scan bodies for fixed dental prostheses.
Pieralli S, Baradee AA, Spies BC … +3 more , Wesemann C, Vach K, Burkhardt F
J Dent · 2026 Jun · PMID 42242614 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This in vitro study evaluated the feasibility of intraoral scanning of two tissue-level implants for a three-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) without using scan bodies, with the aim of potentially improving...
OBJECTIVE: This in vitro study evaluated the feasibility of intraoral scanning of two tissue-level implants for a three-unit fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) without using scan bodies, with the aim of potentially improving clinical cost efficiency. METHODS: A mandibular typodont model with two tissue-level implants - a regular-platform (RP) implant in the premolar region and a wide-platform (WP) implant in the molar region - was digitized. Three intraoral scanners (TRIOS 5, Primescan, DCS Scan) and one laboratory scanner (E4; reference scanner) were used to acquire 16 scans each, with and without scan bodies. Linear deviations at the implant shoulder and apex, as well as angular deviations, were analyzed. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA, Scheffé's post hoc test, and unpaired t-tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Linear deviations were generally smaller at the implant shoulder than at the apex for all scanners and both implants. For the RP implant, mean deviations without scan bodies remained predominantly within 100 µm at the shoulder region and were comparable to those obtained with scan bodies. In contrast, the WP implant exhibited greater mean deviations of >110 µm at the shoulder. Angular deviations between implants were similar with and without scan bodies, with a maximum deviation of 0.34 ° compared with the reference scans. CONCLUSIONS: In this in vitro study, scan body-free digital impressions of tissue-level implants showed variable accuracy. Differences in accuracy may be associated with implant position and scanning strategy rather than implant geometry alone. The observed linear deviations, currently limit the applicability of scan body-free digitization for FDP restorations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Eliminating scan bodies could simplify clinical workflows and reduce material costs and chair time. However, the findings indicate that scan body-free intraoral scanning of tissue-level implants may not yet provide sufficient accuracy for multi-unit FDPs, particularly in posterior regions, and should therefore be used with caution in clinical practice.
Biocompatibility of Orthodontic Aligner Materials in the Digital Workflow: A Quantitative In Vitro Comparison of Thermoformed, Directly Printed, and Polyamide-12 Systems.
Carganico A, Levrini L, Zecca PA … +5 more , Mosca A, Deppieri A, Saran S, Giannotta N, Borgese M
J Dent · 2026 Jun · PMID 42242613 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: Directly 3D-printed aligners (DPAs) have recently emerged as a promising development in orthodontics, offering greater design flexibility and in-office manufacturing. However, their biological sa...
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: Directly 3D-printed aligners (DPAs) have recently emerged as a promising development in orthodontics, offering greater design flexibility and in-office manufacturing. However, their biological safety remains incompletely characterised, particularly regarding the release of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) during clinical use. This study evaluated the in vitro cytocompatibility of eight orthodontic aligner materials, including thermoformed systems, directly 3D-printed resins, and a polyamide-12 (PA-12) device, using MTT cell-viability assays on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). METHODS: Standardised specimens were prepared according to manufacturer-recommended protocols, while MNP suspensions were generated by controlled abrasion and sonication. Cells were exposed to material eluates at concentrations of 500, 1000, and 5000 ng/100 µL for 24 to 96 hours. RESULTS: Cell viability and morphological analyses revealed marked material-, dose-, and time-dependent differences. Thermoformed materials and the polyamide-12 system generally exhibited more stable profiles, with viability frequently above 70% and preserved cell morphology. A subset of materials showed non-linear responses suggestive of a hormetic-like effect. By contrast, several directly 3D-printed resins showed greater reductions in viability, approaching moderate cytotoxicity at higher concentrations and longer exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, thermoformed materials and polyamide-12 showed more consistent cytocompatibility than some directly printed materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: These findings highlight the need for systematic biocompatibility evaluation of orthodontic aligner materials and indicate that adherence to standardised post-curing protocols and rigorous material qualification workflows is essential to minimise potential biological risks during clear aligner therapy.
Acquired enamel pellicle engineering and the use of vitamin e as a preventive strategy for dental erosion.
Medeiros JG, Spagnol V, Ferrari CR … +5 more , Ventura TMO, Câmara JVF, Pelá VT, Groisman S, Buzalaf MAR
J Dent · 2026 Jun · PMID 42242612 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Dental erosion is a multifactorial condition in which early demineralization events occur at the enamel-environment interface, highlighting the relevance of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) as a...
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Dental erosion is a multifactorial condition in which early demineralization events occur at the enamel-environment interface, highlighting the relevance of the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) as a biological modulator of erosion susceptibility. This narrative review aimed to synthesize current biochemical and experimental evidence on AEP engineering as a preventive strategy against dental erosion, with particular emphasis on the role of vitamin E as a lipophilic modulator of the pellicle organic matrix. DATA AND SOURCES: A structured narrative review was conducted following SANRA guidelines. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science up to January 2026. In vitro, in situ, ex vivo, and in vivo studies, as well as relevant reviews addressing AEP composition, pellicle engineering strategies, interfacial biochemistry, and erosion-related outcomes were included. RESULTS: Four experimental studies were identified. The studies used bovine or human enamel specimens exposed to lipid-based formulations containing α-tocopherol, alone or combined with bioactive compounds such as proanthocyanidins or cystatins. AEP formation protocols involved either pooled human saliva or in situ pellicle formation, followed by erosive challenges with citric acid. Across studies, surface microhardness and surface reflection analyses consistently suggested that Vitamin E-containing formulations enhance the protective properties of the AEP and reduce enamel demineralization. CONCLUSION: The evidence supports the concept of the AEP as a dynamic and modifiable biointerface capable of influencing enamel resistance to erosive challenges. Vitamin E, particularly α-tocopherol, does not appear to act as a direct protective agent but rather function as an interfacial modulator, interacting transiently with lipid domains and hydrophobic regions of pellicle proteins. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Vitamin E-based acquired enamel pellicle engineering represents a promising adjunctive strategy for reducing initial enamel erosion through modulation of interfacial physicochemical properties rather than direct mineral reinforcement.
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