International Journal Of Obesity (2005)[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Long-term change in body composition following intentional weight loss and its effect on physical function.
Chae K, Leng X, Neiberg RH … +10 more , Bray GA, Johnson KC, Hill JO, Jakicic JM, Chao AM, Beavers KM, Pownall HJ, Kritchevsky SB, Houston DK, Look AHEAD Movement and Memory Ancillary Study Research Group
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 Apr · PMID 41436890 · Full text
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A concern with intentional weight loss among middle-aged and older adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the loss of lean mass, which may lead to declining physical function. H...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A concern with intentional weight loss among middle-aged and older adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the loss of lean mass, which may lead to declining physical function. However, the association between changes in body composition with intentional weight loss and physical function over the long-term is unknown. Thus, we examined the association between changes in body composition and physical function 8 years following an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI). SUBJECTS/METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of participants at the Baton Rouge site within the Look AHEAD study. Participants (n = 220) were middle-aged and older adults with overweight/obesity and T2DM randomized to an ILI or diabetes support and education (DSE). Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and Year 8. Physical performance (expanded Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB], 20- and 400-m walk) and strength (grip and knee extensor) were assessed at Year 8. RESULTS: Percent change (mean ± SD) from baseline in weight, fat and lean mass over 8 years were -4.0 ± 7.3%, 0.2 ± 12.5% and -6.5 ± 5.3% in ILI and -3.0 ± 9.7%, 1.2 ± 17.1% and -5.8 ± 6.6% in DSE, respectively. ILI had better SPPB scores and faster gait speed than DSE at 8-year follow-up (p < 0.05). Increases in fat mass were associated with worse SPPB scores in ILI and DSE (p = 0.03) and with slower gait speed in DSE (p = 0.01). Decreases in lean mass were associated with weaker grip strength in ILI (p = 0.04) and knee extensor strength in ILI and DSE (p < 0.05). There were no significant interactions by intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: Although the overall intervention effect on physical function was positive, increases in fat mass were associated with poorer physical performance while lean mass loss was associated with weaker strength 8 years post-randomization. Findings highlight the importance of minimizing fat mass gain/regain and loss of lean mass during intentional weight loss.
Prospective associations of sleep duration and screen time with transition from overweight/obesity to normal BMI in U.S. adolescents.
Al-Shoaibi AA, Helmer CK, Ganson KT … +7 more , Testa A, Lavender JM, Dooley EE, Pettee Gabriel K, Kiss O, Baker FC, Nagata JM
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 Apr · PMID 41436889 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Shorter sleep duration and longer screen time are established risk factors for adolescent obesity. However, the extent to which these behaviors are prospectively associated with the transition back from overw...
BACKGROUND: Shorter sleep duration and longer screen time are established risk factors for adolescent obesity. However, the extent to which these behaviors are prospectively associated with the transition back from overweight/obesity to a healthy status remains unclear. We examined whether sleep duration and screen time among adolescents with overweight/obesity are associated with the likelihood of transitioning to a normal body mass index (BMI). METHODS: We used data from 3498 U.S. adolescents aged 9-11 years with overweight/obesity (45.1% female), from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Cox proportional hazards models examined the prospective associations of parent-reported sleep duration (9-11, 8-9, 7-8, and <7 h/day) and screen time (hours/day) with a shift from overweight/obesity (BMI percentile ≥85) to a normal (BMI percentile <85) accounting for key covariates including pubertal status. RESULTS: Over a median 657 days of follow-up, 643 (18.4%) adolescents transitioned from overweight/obesity to a normal BMI percentile. Compared with those sleeping 9-11 h, adolescents sleeping 7-8 h were less likely to transition to a normal BMI percentile (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.60, 95% CI 0.44, 0.82), with significant dose-response trend (p for trend = 0.003). The association remained significant in sex-stratified analyses for both females (HR: 0.55, 95% CI 0.30, 0.98) and males (HR: 0.59, 95% CI 0.41, 0.86), with similar significant trend in both groups (p for trend <0.05). Higher screen time was not associated with transitioning to a normal BMI overall (HR: 0.99, 95% CI 0.96, 1.02) or by sex (females, HR: 1.00, 95% CI 0.95, 1.05; males, HR: 0.99, 95% CI 0.95, 1.02). CONCLUSION: Short sleep duration was prospectively associated with a lower likelihood of transitioning to a normal BMI among adolescents with overweight/obesity. This association warrants further investigation as a potential intervention target.
Effect of low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diet intervention on visceral fat estimated from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in a 12-month randomized controlled trial.
Follis S, Landry MJ, Cunanan KM … +3 more , Stefanick ML, Ward CP, Gardner CD
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41436888 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: A healthy low-fat (HLF) and healthy low-carbohydrate (HLC) diet are common strategies for weight loss that vary in their effects on adiposity and metabolism. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is the major contrib...
BACKGROUND: A healthy low-fat (HLF) and healthy low-carbohydrate (HLC) diet are common strategies for weight loss that vary in their effects on adiposity and metabolism. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is the major contributor to metabolism deregulation, beyond subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Despite strong biological evidence that a HLC diet preferentially decreases VAT, the difficulty measuring it has impeded diet trials. We estimated VAT and SAT in the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) weight loss trial to compare the effects of HLF and HLC diets and effect modification by sex and insulin resistance. METHODS: In a 1-year weight loss trial, DIETFITS, we compared VAT loss between HLF and HLC diets by randomizing N = 609 adults to either diet. VAT was estimated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Linear mixed models analyzed associations between diet and VAT. We built separate models to evaluate effect modification by sex and insulin resistance. RESULTS: Among 449 participants (60% women; mean age 39 years), VAT loss was significantly greater for those eating the HLC diet compared to the HLF diet at 6 months [10.6 cm; 95% confidence interval (CI): 5,16.2] and 12 months (6.3 cm; 95% CI: 0.6,12). VAT relative to SAT loss estimates were greater in the HLC diet at 6 months only. Men experienced greater HLC diet-induced VAT loss than did women. Insulin secretion status did not modify VAT loss. CONCLUSIONS: The HLC diet was associated with greater VAT loss compared to the HLF diet over 12 months. The loss of metabolically harmful VAT was independent from SAT over 6 months. Direct estimation of adipose sub-types provides strong evidence that insulin resistance does not modulate diet response. Sex differences should be considered in effective dietary interventions targeting VAT reduction and metabolic health.
Racial and ethnic differences in controlling risk factors for cardiovascular disease among adults with obesity, 1999-2023.
Liu Y, Zhang C, Zhang J … +5 more , Ye Z, Wang R, Lip GYH, Van Spall HGC, Li G
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 May · PMID 41429979 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The burden of obesity may be compounded by disparities in the quality of cardiovascular care across racial and ethnic groups. We aimed to examine racial and ethnic differences in the control of risk factors f...
BACKGROUND: The burden of obesity may be compounded by disparities in the quality of cardiovascular care across racial and ethnic groups. We aimed to examine racial and ethnic differences in the control of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among adults with obesity. METHODS: We included nonpregnant US adults with obesity aged ≥20 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants from a total of 11 survey cycles between 1999-2000 and 2021-2023 were included. Primary outcome was racial and ethnic differences in controlling all risk factors for CVD (including glycemic, blood pressure and lipid control) among participants, where the risk factor targets were glycated hemoglobin <7.0%, systolic and diastolic blood pressure <140/90 mmHg, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <3.4 mmol/L, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models were used for analyses. RESULTS: A total of 21,982 participants with obesity (mean age: 48.4 years, body mass index: 36.0 kg/m, 53.4% females) were included. Across racial and ethnic groups, most participants were young adults aged <65 years, women, and in low education level. All racial and ethnic groups had a significant improvement of all risk factor control temporally (p values for trend <0.01), with the prevalence ranging from 17.1% in 1999-2004 to 31.4% in 2017-2023 for non-Hispanic White (NHW), from 21.7% to 36.1% for non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and from 19.9% to 35.5% for Mexican American (MA). Relative to other groups throughout the survey cycles, NHW had the highest prevalence of glycemic (ranging from 92.1% to 94.2%) and blood pressure (from 77.5% to 83.9%) control, and NHB had the greatest control of lipids (from 32.0% to 54.2%). NHW demonstrated higher medication use than MA in participants whose risk factor targets were not achieved across the survey cycles. CONCLUSIONS: Across racial and ethnic groups, the majority of participants with obesity were young adults, women, and those in low education. While temporal improvement was found in all groups, racial and ethnic differences in the control of CVD risk factors in adults with obesity still remained. Efforts are required to further explore and confirm these results to help reduce the obesity and CVD burden.
Infant social withdrawal and rapid infant weight gain.
Sander S, Stuart AC, Stougaard M … +3 more , Sørensen TIA, Mohr JEW, Væver MS
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41429978 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Rapid infant weight gain (RIWG) and infant social withdrawal are important early markers of risk of subsequent overweight/obesity and mental health problems, respectively. While overweight and mental health p...
BACKGROUND: Rapid infant weight gain (RIWG) and infant social withdrawal are important early markers of risk of subsequent overweight/obesity and mental health problems, respectively. While overweight and mental health problems are linked later in life, it remains unclear if this association is present already in infancy. OBJECTIVE: We examine if infant social withdrawal is associated with subsequent RIWG independently of an array of known risk factors (gestational age, birth weight, sex, parity, breastfeeding, maternal postpartum depressive symptoms, maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal age at birth and pre-pregnancy BMI, family educational level, and employment status). METHODS: In a cohort of 12,468 children born 2015-19 in Copenhagen, we analyzed the association between infant social withdrawal around age 3 months, measured with the Alarm Distress Baby Scale (ADBB)-a validated screening tool, and subsequent RIWG. We retrieved information on social withdrawal and weight during infancy from health visitors' records and linked these to register data. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for RIWG, adjusting for the known risk factors outlined above. RESULTS: Children showing signs of social withdrawal had 1.19 higher odds of RIWG compared to children showing no signs of social withdrawal (aOR 1.19; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.37, p = 0.017). RIWG was also more likely among boys, firstborns, children born small-for-gestational age, and those with mothers who smoked during pregnancy or had higher pre-pregnancy BMI. In contrast, higher birth weight and breastfeeding >4 months were protective factors. No associations were found with maternal postpartum depression, low education, parental labor market status, or maternal age. CONCLUSIONS: We found an association between infant social withdrawal and subsequent rapid infant weight gain independently of an array of known risk factors, which may expand our understanding of the developmental origins of excess weight gain and its association with early childhood mental health.
Impact of ultra-processed foods on short-term appetite regulation: Does body mass index make a difference?
Çelik MN, Ulug E
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 Feb · PMID 41429977 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Limited studies have examined the effects of meals containing processed foods or ultra-processed foods (UPF) on appetite regulation and results were inconsistent and difficult to generalize. Therefo...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Limited studies have examined the effects of meals containing processed foods or ultra-processed foods (UPF) on appetite regulation and results were inconsistent and difficult to generalize. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the potential efficacy of two different breakfasts containing processed foods or UPF on postprandial appetite regulation in adults with different body mass index (BMI). METHODS: Twenty-eight participants (eighteen with normal BMI (BMI: 18.50-24.99 kg/m), ten with high BMI (BMI > 25.0 kg/m) were included in the study. General demographic information form, food consumption records, and Screening Questionnaire of Highly Processed Food Consumption (sQ-HPF) were applied and anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio and waist/height ratio) were taken. Participants made two visits, 2 weeks apart, and were offered two different breakfasts: Processed Breakfast and UPF Breakfast. Blood samples were collected before starting the meal (0 min) and 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after taking the first bite, and serum glucose, insulin, amylin, GLP-1, and GIP levels were analyzed using ELISA/colorimetric methods. Also, participants were administrated a visual analogue scale (VAS) to subjectively assess appetite regulation at the same times. RESULTS: Daily energy, macro and micronutrients consumption were similar across BMI groups for both breakfast in prior the experiment and throughout the rest of the experimental day (p > 0.05). The total area under the curve (tAUC) for hunger sensation and insulin were higher after the UPF Breakfast compared to the Processed Breakfast (p = 0.009, p = 0.016, respectively). Other data were no different both between breakfast types and different BMI groups. CONCLUSION: Overall, while short-term appetite hormone responses to UPF Breakfast and Processed Breakfasts were similar, higher insulin levels and subjective feelings of hunger, following UPF Breakfast independent of BMI status. These findings suggest that the degree of food processing, rather than BMI, may influence specific aspects of postprandial appetite regulation.
Retraction Note: Effect of combined GLP-1 analogue and bupropion/naltrexone on weight loss: a retrospective cohort study.
Naude J, Zentner A, Suresh P … +2 more , Bittman J, Khan NA
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 Jun · PMID 41420079 · Publisher ↗
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Time-restricted feeding in rodent obesity models: impact on body weights, lipid profile and glucoregulation.
Argaistieng J, Doraisamy BV, Halim H … +3 more , Syed Alwi SS, Ali AA, Maniam S
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41420078 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Dietary techniques such as time-restricted feeding (TRF) have received support in recent years due to their ability to improve metabolic health and prevent serious diseases. In scientific research, animal m...
INTRODUCTION: Dietary techniques such as time-restricted feeding (TRF) have received support in recent years due to their ability to improve metabolic health and prevent serious diseases. In scientific research, animal models are widely utilized to understand the physiological impacts of fasting and other dietary interventions, as they have similar physiology to humans. Several feeding windows ranging from 4 to 12 h have been reported in the literature. This review evaluates TRF protocols to determine the most effective feeding window for improving metabolic profiles. METHODS: Several search keywords were utilized and only research articles published within the last fifteen years (2009-2024) were selected. Twelve studies were included in the final analysis to improve transparency. RESULTS: Obesity was successfully induced within 6 weeks for 100% weight gain in C57BL/6 mice. The shortest duration of TRF intervention in mice is 6 weeks with 10 h of feeding. Meanwhile, induced obesity with 300% weight gain in Sprague-Dawley rats within 12 weeks. The shortest duration of TRF is 6 weeks with 8 h of feeding. CONCLUSION: TRF was consistently associated with reductions in body weight and total cholesterol, concomitant with an increase in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in studies where these parameters were assessed. The most effective identified TRF regimen is a 10-h feeding window over 8 weeks in C57BL/6 mice. Future research on obesity may take into account the inclusion of different metabolic challenges to assess if the advantages of TRF are exclusive to any of the challenges or multiple challenges that contribute obesity. LIMITATIONS: A key limitation of this review is the heterogeneity in study protocols. The included studies varied in the duration of feeding hours (ranging from 4 to 12 h) using different rodent models. This research was funded by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2023/SKK06/UPM/02/2).
Large language models in obesity: a systematic review.
Suenghataiphorn T, Tribuddharat N, Danpanichkul P … +1 more , Kulthamrongsri N
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41413746 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), is rapidly evolving and holds significant potential for addressing the multifaceted challenges of obesity mana...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), is rapidly evolving and holds significant potential for addressing the multifaceted challenges of obesity management. This systematic review synthesizes current research on LLM applications within the obesity field, critically evaluating their performance, limitations, and key future research directions. DESIGN: Electronic databases, including MEDLINE, OVID, and SCOPUS, were systematically searched from inception to August 2025 to identify eligible studies. Eligible studies investigated the potential role of LLMs in obesity medical and surgical care. Key findings were extracted and synthesized narratively. The ROBINS-I tool was used to assess the risk of bias across each study. RESULTS: Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. The analysis reveals that LLMs are being applied across a diverse range of obesity-related topics, including personalized nutrition, educational interventions, guideline-directed medical therapy, weight loss strategies, anti-obesity medication information, and motivational interviewing. While some LLMs demonstrated promising accuracy and utility, substantial variability was observed. Numerous studies highlighted limitations, including inconsistent recommendations, inaccuracies, difficulties in handling complex scenarios, and a potential for biased outputs. CONCLUSIONS: Generative AI and LLMs show considerable promise for enhancing various aspects of obesity management, from personalized interventions to clinical decision support. However, the current state of the technology exhibits crucial limitations regarding accuracy, consistency, and the ability to handle nuanced clinical situations, mandating a continued critical role for clinician oversight and validation. Further research is imperative to address these shortcomings, focusing on improving model training, validating performance in real-world settings, and addressing ethical considerations before widespread clinical implementation.
Efficacy of a digital health application for weight management in people with obesity: 6-months results from a randomized controlled trial.
Lautenbach A, Blüher M, Mijuskovic A … +2 more , Jones L, Schirmann F
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 Feb · PMID 41408456 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that digital therapies are effective for treating obesity; however, an evidence gap exists regarding the potency of stand-alone digital therapeutics with limited additional support...
BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that digital therapies are effective for treating obesity; however, an evidence gap exists regarding the potency of stand-alone digital therapeutics with limited additional support from a health care professional. This randomized controlled trial examined the efficacy of a digital health application for weight management in people with obesity. METHODS: The decentralized digital randomized controlled trial included 164 adults with obesity (BMI 30-45 kg/m²) from Germany who were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (receiving a digital health application for weight management for 6 months) or a control group (receiving care as usual for 6 months). Data on weight (primary endpoint at 6 months), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), and food literacy (SFLQ) were collected at baseline, 3, and 6 months. RESULTS: Participants (n = 164; 42% female, 58% male) had a mean BMI of 37.82 ± 4.25 kg/m² and a mean age of 45.92 ± 10.66 years. At 6 months, the intervention group achieved a mean weight loss of 5.29% ([95% CI: -6.73% to -3.86%], p < 0.001) compared to 1.76% ([95% CI: -3.10% to -0.42%], p = 0.010) in the control group (estimated marginal mean difference (EMMD): -3.53% [95% CI: -5.16% to -1.91%]; p < 0.001) with a large effect size (d = 0.80, [95% CI: 0.43-1.19]). Compared to controls at 6 months, food literacy (EMMD: 2.77, d = 0.49, p < 0.001) and perceived overall quality of life (EMMD: 0.33, d = 0.40, p = 0.010) improved in the intervention group, though no differences in the four quality of life domains were found. CONCLUSIONS: The digital health application for weight management demonstrated efficacy in achieving weight loss (>5%) in people with obesity at 6 months. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (Registration number: DRKS00033045).
Genome-wide meta-analysis with 2,206,440 individuals identifies 322 novel risk loci for obesity.
Gao R, Su W, Deng J … +7 more , Zhai B, Zhu G, Qiu J, Bian Z, Xiao H, Luan G, Wang R
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 Apr · PMID 41398384 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The incidence of obesity has significantly increased worldwide. However, it is still unclear about the genetic susceptibility of obesity. METHODS: Here we performed the largest European meta-analysis of genom...
BACKGROUND: The incidence of obesity has significantly increased worldwide. However, it is still unclear about the genetic susceptibility of obesity. METHODS: Here we performed the largest European meta-analysis of genome-wide association study, including 98,421 obesity cases and 2,108,019 healthy controls. RESULTS: We identified 322 novel genome-wide significant obesity-associated loci and 23 of 32 known loci. SNP-based heritability analyses revealed that common variants explain 17.19 ± 0.59% of genetic risk for obesity, whereas MiXeR predicted an estimated 1.6 million effective sample sizes explaining 90% of obesity-associated phenotypic variance. Across 345 obesity-associated loci, 2000 likely causal genes are indicated, and 410 causal genes are prioritized. Tissue specificity enrichment analyses demonstrated that obesity-related causal genes mainly expressed in brain putamen basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala, substantia nigra, and caudate basal ganglia. The genetic correlation and gene-set analyses showed that apart from obesity-related diseases, some brain diseases and mood (e.g., broad depression, neuroticism, mood swings), inflammatory and allergic diseases diseases (e.g., asthma, spondyloarthritis, Hashimoto thyroiditis), cardiovascular diseases (e.g., hypertension, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease), and lung disease (e.g., interstitial lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer) have the positive correlations with obesity. Gene-drug interaction analysis suggested that obesity-associated genes overlapped with targets of current medications for obesity. Finally, we used this meta-analysis to explore some potential targets (e.g., GLP1R, SIGMAR1, MC4R) and drug repurposing (e.g., iloprost, flunarizine, edrophonium chloride) for obesity. CONCLUSIONS: We identified 345 genome-wide significant loci, including 322 novel loci for obesity. Based on 345 loci, we provided new biological insights to the etiology of obesity. Of clinical interest, we provided some potential targets and drug repurposing for obesity.
Sex differences in the influence of weight bias internalization on preferences for telehealth utilization among people with obesity.
Olaniran MO, Neti S, Polavarapu D … +7 more , Adewunmi A, Francis J, Mathew MS, Schellinger JN, Allicock MA, Messiah SE, Almandoz JP
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41398383 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: People with obesity (PWO) often experience weight bias, resulting in weight bias internalization (WBI) which may impact their preferences for healthcare engagement. We explored sex differences in self-reporte...
BACKGROUND: People with obesity (PWO) often experience weight bias, resulting in weight bias internalization (WBI) which may impact their preferences for healthcare engagement. We explored sex differences in self-reported WBI and its influence on telehealth utilization preferences among racially/ethnically diverse PWO who have completed metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). METHODS: A qualitative approach was used. The impact of WBI on telehealth utilization preferences was assessed through in-depth interviews. Interviews were thematically analyzed to explore sex differences in preferences between telehealth and in-person visits. RESULTS: Qualitative analysis (n = 24, 54% female) identified themes such as quality of care, convenience, discrimination in healthcare settings, and shame. WBI was not a primary determinant of how to receive care for both men and women. Their perception of the quality of care they would receive from either telehealth, or in-person visits was the main consideration. CONCLUSION: This qualitative research suggests WBI may be common among men and women who have completed MBS, but WBI was not the main factor considered when PWO made decisions about using telehealth or in-person care. Future studies should further explore how WBI impacts healthcare engagement and preferences among PWO who have completed MBS across diverse settings.
Obesity-induced taste bud loss in mice is only partially remediated long after return to a healthy weight.
Harnischfeger F, Dando R
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41398382 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Mice developing obesity through their diet have fewer taste buds than littermates maintained on healthy chow. In this experiment we investigated if diet-induced taste bud loss, inflammation, and an attenuated...
BACKGROUND: Mice developing obesity through their diet have fewer taste buds than littermates maintained on healthy chow. In this experiment we investigated if diet-induced taste bud loss, inflammation, and an attenuated regenerative capacity of taste buds would persist after return to a healthy weight. METHODS: 8-week-old C57Bl/6 mice were split into three groups, one (chow) maintained on a standard lab chow diet for 16 weeks, a second (HFD) maintained on a high fat diet for 16 weeks, while the third (diet) was placed on a HFD for the first 8 weeks, then switched to the healthy diet. RESULTS: In this second 8 week period, diet mice lost all excess weight. Despite returning to a healthy weight, dieted mice showed only minor recovery of taste buds, with better recovery for proliferating cells and cells undergoing apoptosis. HFD mice exhibited increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) expression, with altered Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) expression, both linked to taste homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, data demonstrate that obesity has a persistent effect on taste buds long after excess weight is lost.
Waist-to-height ratio as a non-invasive marker of renal sinus fat: a MRI-based cohort study.
Moriconi D, Honka MJ, Saukko E … +8 more , Moritz E, Latva-Rasku A, Dadson P, Tuomola N, Pekkarinen L, Salminen P, Nuutila P, Rebelos E
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41390907 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Renal sinus fat (RSF) is an ectopic fat depot whose expansion has been linked to hypertension and chronic kidney disease. We assessed a range of adiposity indices to determine whether they offer more...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Renal sinus fat (RSF) is an ectopic fat depot whose expansion has been linked to hypertension and chronic kidney disease. We assessed a range of adiposity indices to determine whether they offer more accurate predictions of RSF than BMI. METHODS AND RESULTS: Renal sinus fat (RSF) and RSF relative to total kidney area (RSF%) were assessed via MRI in 74 individuals with severe obesity and 47 lean volunteers. 50 persons with obesity were re-evaluated 6 to 12 months after undergoing bariatric surgery. In multivariable regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and BMI, the Body Roundness Index (BRI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist circumference showed the strongest associations with RSF. Of these, only WHtR was significantly associated with RSF%. In univariate analyses, both RSF and RSF% were inversely correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); however, in multivariate analysis, only RSF% remained independently associated with eGFR. Post-bariatric surgery, RSF change correlated with changes in WHtR and BRI. CONCLUSION: Adiposity measures incorporating waist circumference are associated with RSF independent of BMI. While RSF exhibits a stronger relationship with adiposity measures, RSF% predicts eGFR. Both metrics offer complementary insights and should be considered in future studies.
Consideration on 'Exploring the link between dietary inflammatory index, inflammatory biomarkers, and sleep quality in adults with obesity: a pilot investigation'.
Pietrobelli A, Zaffanello M
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 Jan · PMID 41388150 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
The Physiology Of the WEight Reduced State (POWERS) study: overview and study design.
Belle SH, Gallagher D, Roberts SB … +15 more , Laughlin MR, Das SK, Whyte KJ, King WC, Saks R, Yanovski SZ, Fielding RA, Mayer LES, Hayes MR, Rosenbaum M, Allison KC, Lowe M, Leibel R, Jakicic JM, POWERS consortium
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2025 Dec · PMID 41388149 · Full text
Obesity is a multifactorial disease caused by physiological and environmental factors. Adults who have obesity are at increased risk for several additional chronic and infectious diseases, resulting in reduced life expec...
Obesity is a multifactorial disease caused by physiological and environmental factors. Adults who have obesity are at increased risk for several additional chronic and infectious diseases, resulting in reduced life expectancy, compared to those with lower body mass indices. Weight loss (WL) has several clinical benefits to reducing these risks. However, among those who intentionally lose weight, it is common for some, or all, of the lost weight to be regained. There is evidence that changes affecting energy intake or expenditure, including metabolic adaptations in the weight-reduced state, work against maintaining WL. The Physiology Of the WEight Reduced State consortium (POWERS) designed a study to describe behavioral and metabolic adaptations to the weight reduced state and to examine their contributions to weight variability following WL. This is accomplished by quantifying physiological, psychosocial, behavioral and other factors before and after a behavioral intervention that induces WL. The primary goal of POWERS is to identify factors that explain the variability in weight change following intentional weight loss. This multi-center project includes a POWERS-designed WL intervention implemented at two clinical centers for 205 enrolled participants. Those losing at least 7% of their pre-intervention weight and attaining weight stability are followed in a 1-year observational phase that includes sequential physiological and behavioral phenotyping. It is anticipated that 70% of those enrolled in the WL program will enter the observational phase of the study and that 100 will complete the study. The primary outcome is weight change during the observational period with primary independent variables measuring energy intake and energy expenditure. Detailed endophenotypes of energy intake and energy expenditure are assessed using a combination of biospecimens, neuroimaging, objective measures (e.g., doubly labeled water, calorimetry, accelerometry, polysomnography), self-report questionnaires, and interviews to address their contributions to weight change variability up to 1 year following WL.
Is hyperdynamic circulation a hallmark of obesity?
Malm EHJ, Warrad W, Hadad R … +4 more , Asmar A, Domínguez H, Haugaard SB, Sajadieh A
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41388148 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease. Although altered central hemodynamics have been reported in obesity, studies are few, small, and limited to specific populations, leaving these change...
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease. Although altered central hemodynamics have been reported in obesity, studies are few, small, and limited to specific populations, leaving these changes underrecognized. This study investigates the association between body mass index (BMI) and central hemodynamics in a large cohort of adult patients admitted for medical reasons. We hypothesized that higher BMI is associated with increased cardiac index (CI) and reduced systemic vascular resistance (SVR), reflecting a hyperdynamic circulatory state. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of adults admitted to the Emergency Department at a large tertiary care hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark during 2019-2023. Patients were evaluated by physical examination and laboratory testing. Hemodynamic measurements, including CI and SVR, were estimated within 24 hours of admission using the non-invasive and continuous pulse wave analysis by Finapres® NOVA. The relationship between BMI, CI, and SVR were investigated using linear regression models. RESULTS: Of 942 participants (mean age 64 years; 44% female), 187 had obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²). Compared to participants without obesity, participants with obesity had 16% higher CI and 23% lower SVR (p < 0.0001). In linear regression models, BMI was positively associated with CI (p = 0.0001) and inversely with SVR (p = 0.0102). Each 5 kg/m² increase in BMI corresponded to a 7.7% rise in CI and a 12.7% decrease in SVR (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Higher BMI is significantly associated with increased CI and decreased SVR, indicating a hyperdynamic circulatory state in obesity. These findings suggest a potential hemodynamic mechanism linking obesity to cardiovascular risk. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03934775).
Preoperative 24-hour movement behaviors and early weight loss after metabolic bariatric surgery: a compositional analysis.
Schumacher LM, Wu Y, Thomas JG … +6 more , Baillot A, Papasavas PK, Vithiananthan S, Jones DB, Webster J, Bond DS
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41381935 · Full text
This study used compositional data techniques that address the interdependence of 24-h movement behaviors (sleep, sedentary behavior [SB], light-intensity physical activity [LPA], moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical...
This study used compositional data techniques that address the interdependence of 24-h movement behaviors (sleep, sedentary behavior [SB], light-intensity physical activity [LPA], moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity [MVPA]) to examine: (1) how patients undergoing metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) allocate time among these behaviors before MBS, and (2) whether overall time-use composition and modeled reallocation patterns relate to early weight loss after MBS. Participants wore an accelerometer 24 h/day for 10 days before MBS to measure time in sleep, SB, LPA, and MVPA. Isotemporal substitution models estimated differences in 6-month post-MBS percentage total weight loss (%TWL) associated with reallocations of these pre-surgery movement behaviors. Forty-five participants provided valid data. Pre-MBS time-use composition was associated with %TWL (23.8 ± 5.1%; F = 2.66, p = 0.047). Reallocating 15-60 SB or LPA minutes/day to MVPA was estimated to relate to 0.9-3.5% greater %TWL. Reallocating 15-30 MVPA minutes/day to SB or LPA was estimated to relate to 1.4-5.0% less %TWL (all comparisons p < 0.05). Other reallocations were non-significant. In conclusion, modeled shifts in time from SB or LPA to MVPA and vice versa were associated with estimated increases or decreases in early post-surgical weight loss, respectively. Experimental research is needed to clarify causal relationships and inform interventions to improve MBS outcomes.
Deriving sex-specific anthropometric cut-points for obesity and cardiovascular disease risk in Qatari adults.
Ajeen R, Turk-Adawi KI, Ammerman AS … +3 more , Batsis JA, Ng SW, Adair LS
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 Feb · PMID 41366056 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and dyslipidemia. However, global anthropometric thresholds like those established by the World Health Organization (WHO) may inadequate...
OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and dyslipidemia. However, global anthropometric thresholds like those established by the World Health Organization (WHO) may inadequately capture the health risks associated with obesity in specific populations. This study aimed to derive population- and sex-specific anthropometric cut-points to better predict obesity and CVD risk and assess obesity misclassification among Qatari adults. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional sample of 6000 participants from the Qatar Biobank (QBB), we applied receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses to identify cut-points for anthropometric indices that align with body fat percentage (%BF) and disease-specific thresholds for elevated blood pressure (EBP), diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Misclassification analyses examined the limitations of WHO-recommended cut-points compared to ROC-derived thresholds. RESULTS: The study sample consisted of relatively young adults with high levels of adiposity. Our findings reveal that the optimal body mass index (BMI) cut points were 25.2 kg/m² for males and 24.8 kg/m² for females. Similarly, WC cut-points were 84.3 cm for males and 74.5 cm for females, also lower than global standards. Disease-specific thresholds varied, highlighting the unique biological pathways underlying EBP, diabetes, and dyslipidemia Misclassification analyses showed that 54.6% of males and 43.0% of females were misclassified using the WHO BMI cut point. Higher misclassification rates were observed for WC in females, where 87.5% of females with obesity by %BF were misclassified without obesity using WHO WC thresholds. CONCLUSION: These results highlighted the differences of global anthropometric thresholds and the need for population-specific measures to improve obesity and CVD risk classification in an Arab sample. Our study derived tailored cut-points for clinical and public health use in Qatar, as a tool to improve screening and diagnostics for timely obesity and disease intervention in this population.
A real-world study of tirzepatide for weight loss in adults without diabetes mellitus.
Angelopoulos N, Androulakis I, Rizoulis A … +11 more , Boniakos A, Fousteris E, Mentzelopoulou V, Petkova V, Paparodis R, Zianni D, Florakis D, Korakovouni A, Mouslech Z, Livadas S, Tzoulis P
Int J Obes (Lond) · 2026 Mar · PMID 41354867 · Publisher ↗
Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, has shown substantial weight-loss efficacy in clinical trials, though typically at higher doses and longer treatment durations. Evidence on the short-term real-world effect...
Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, has shown substantial weight-loss efficacy in clinical trials, though typically at higher doses and longer treatment durations. Evidence on the short-term real-world effectiveness of low-dose tirzepatide in adults with obesity without diabetes is limited. In this prospective multicentre observational study, 115 adults with obesity but without diabetes were treated with tirzepatide 2.5 mg weekly for 4 weeks, titrated to 5 mg for a total of 12 weeks. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline and week 12. Mean body weight decreased by 8.2 ± 4.9 kg (-7.3% ±4.4%), with a BMI reduction of 2.8 ± 1.7 kg/m²; 46.1% achieved ≥5% weight loss. HbA1c decreased from 5.6 ± 0.4% to 5.4 ± 0.3%, LDL cholesterol from 113 ± 30.4 to 106 ± 28 mg/dL, and triglycerides from 123.6 ± 56.1 to 119.2 ± 44.5 mg/dL, while HDL cholesterol and eGFR remained unchanged. Nausea was the most common adverse event (7.8%), and treatment discontinuation occurred in 10.4%, mainly among individuals previously treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists. Low-dose tirzepatide resulted in clinically meaningful short-term weight loss and favorable metabolic effects, supporting its effectiveness and tolerability in real-world practice.
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