Current Cardiology Reports[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Evidence-based Management of Heart Failure in the Systemic Right Ventricle.
Jacquemyn X, Van den Eynde J, Rao S … +1 more , Kutty S
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Oct · PMID 41065896 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Explore the clinical progression, diagnostic challenges, and evolving treatments of systemic right ventricular (SRV) failure, highlighting key gaps and advances. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent evidence highli...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Explore the clinical progression, diagnostic challenges, and evolving treatments of systemic right ventricular (SRV) failure, highlighting key gaps and advances. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent evidence highlights the distinct pathophysiology of SRV failure and limited efficacy of conventional heart failure (HF) treatments. Emerging drugs like SGLT2 inhibitors are being studied for modulating ventricular remodeling and fibrosis. Echocardiography, enhanced by speckle-tracking and 3D imaging, is first-line, while cardiac MRI remains the gold standard for volumetric, functional, and tissue characterization. SRV-specific machine learning models improve prognostication and personalized care. Advances in transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions offer less invasive options for high-risk patients. In end-stage SRV failure, ventricular assist devices effectively unload the ventricle, enhance transplant candidacy, may be combined with tricuspid procedures, and are increasingly used as long-term destination therapy. SRV failure is a unique condition requiring personalized, multidisciplinary management, with advances in risk stratification and treatments shaping future care.
Calcified Nodules: Pathology, Mechanisms, and Clinical Challenges.
Hamana T, Grogan A, Kawakami R … +2 more , Virmani R, Finn AV
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Oct · PMID 41065889 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Calcified nodules (CNs) account for ~ 5% of acute coronary syndrome cases. Although the progression of calcification generally leads to plaque stability, CNs ─ an advanced form of calcified plaques ─ c...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Calcified nodules (CNs) account for ~ 5% of acute coronary syndrome cases. Although the progression of calcification generally leads to plaque stability, CNs ─ an advanced form of calcified plaques ─ can trigger coronary thrombosis and sudden cardiac death. RECENT FINDINGS: CNs are histologically defined as lesions with fibrous cap disruption and luminal thrombus, associated with dense, eruptive calcific nodules protruding into the lumen. They are linked to poor prognosis both post percutaneous coronary intervention and in non-culprit lesions. Interventionalists are exploring various treatment strategies using debulking devices and drug-coated balloons; however, no effective treatment has been established. While histological classifications can be inferred from optical coherence tomography findings, accurately predicting CNs from intravascular imaging remains challenging. This review discusses the pathological features, etiology, clinical outcomes, and current treatment strategies for CNs, offering valuable insights into the correlation and discrepancies between histological findings and optical coherence tomography.
Childhood Adversity and Cardiovascular Disease; Current Knowledge and Future Directions.
Suglia SF
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Oct · PMID 41055820 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the current state of the science relating adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and cardiovascular health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent work has demonstrated associations between ACEs a...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the current state of the science relating adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and cardiovascular health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent work has demonstrated associations between ACEs and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and has additionally shed a light on potential mechanistic pathways noting associations between ACEs and genomics, vascular health and cardiac structure. Existing work has advanced our understanding of the mechanisms by which ACEs are associated with CVD, yet much work remains particularly as we strive to understand how to ameliorate the impact of ACEs on CVD. Future research on interventions that promote cardiovascular health and integrate ACEs and emotional wellbeing are needed. A multilevel framework that understands how sociopolitical, neighborhood and family level factors contribute to childhood experiences is necessary to address the root causes of ACEs.
Decoding Cardiac Maturation Program: Insights from RNA Splicing Regulation.
Tay WT, Wang Y
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Sep · PMID 40974383 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cardiomyocyte postnatal maturation is a critical step of the mammalian heart development continuum, involving a myriad of phenotypic changes at morphological, molecular, and functional levels. While th...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cardiomyocyte postnatal maturation is a critical step of the mammalian heart development continuum, involving a myriad of phenotypic changes at morphological, molecular, and functional levels. While the phenotypic hallmarks of cardiac maturation are well characterized, the molecular mechanisms that govern this maturation process are still poorly defined. This review aims to explore the recent findings on how post-transcriptional regulations orchestrate the fetal-to-adult cardiomyocyte transition and to highlight their clinical implications for cardiac diseases and regeneration medicine. RECENT FINDINGS: The molecular regulations of cardiac maturation are distinct from the gene regulatory network implicated in embryonic stages of cardiac development. RNA alternative splicing and the resulting isoform switching events are significant part of the post-transcriptional reprogramming during the transitional stage of maturation, driving functional refinement through a network of RNA-binding proteins. Cardiomyocytes undergo significant changes in structure, physiology, metabolic activity, and proliferative capacities during fetal to adult maturation. Recent findings highlight the importance of post-transcriptional regulation in this process, in particular RNA alternative splicing and isoform switch. Understanding the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, including key molecular players that contribute to the fetal-to-adult transition, can provide a new conceptual framework for cardiac development, diseases, and regenerative medicine.
Echoes of Inequity: A Critical Examination of the Past, Present, and Future of Cardiac Health Equity.
Awoyemi T, Mutebi C, Youmans QR … +3 more , Okwuosa IS, Yancy CW, Ositelu K
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Sep · PMID 40970997 · Full text
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review explores the historical, structural, and biological foundations of cardiovascular (CV) health inequities in the U.S. It examines how disparities by ancestry, sex, geography, income, immigra...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review explores the historical, structural, and biological foundations of cardiovascular (CV) health inequities in the U.S. It examines how disparities by ancestry, sex, geography, income, immigration status, and race have emerged, persisted, and, in some cases, worsened while evaluating strategies for advancing equity. RECENT FINDINGS: Despite progress in prevention and treatment, key disparities remain entrenched. Structural inequities, socioeconomic exclusion, and underrepresentation in research continue to shape outcomes. Social adversity is increasingly understood to exert biological effects through mechanisms such as chronic stress, cardio-kidney-metabolic dysfunction, and epigenetic aging. Novel tools, including place-based deprivation indices, precision risk prediction models, and community-driven interventions offer actionable pathways forward but remain underutilized or unevenly implemented. Cardiac health equity requires more than clinical innovation; it demands structural reform, inclusive science, and equity-centered implementation. Future solutions must embed social context into care, research, and policy to drive durable, population-level impact.
To Extract or not To Extract? Navigating Lead Failure in Cardiac Devices.
Mills EW, Qin D, Mela T
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Sep · PMID 40960715 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Lead failure in cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) presents a critical challenge in clinical electrophysiology. These failures can result in inappropriate therapies, ineffective pacing, and...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Lead failure in cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) presents a critical challenge in clinical electrophysiology. These failures can result in inappropriate therapies, ineffective pacing, and even life-threatening outcomes. Despite technological advances in device design, transvenous leads remain an important source of complications. RECENT FINDINGS: Novel developments in lead extraction strategies including pre-procedure risk prediction instruments, estimation of short-term mortality after lead extraction procedure, use of new technologies including shock-wave lithotripsy to facilitate disruption of intravascular calcium, cardioneural ablation to avoid need for reimplantation of cardiac devices, and the use of leadless pacemaker/defibrillator systems followed transvenous extraction are discussed. This review explores the underlying mechanisms of lead failure, highlighting notable cases such as the Riata and Fidelis recalls, and discusses the complex decision-making process surrounding lead abandonment, extraction, or replacement.
Addressing Diastolic Dysfunction in the Congenital Heart Population.
Edwards RM, Levin AP, Krasuski RA
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Sep · PMID 40938505 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes recent advances in the evaluation of diastolic dysfunction and management considerations in the unique congenital heart disease population. RECENT FINDINGS: Diastolic dysfunction...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes recent advances in the evaluation of diastolic dysfunction and management considerations in the unique congenital heart disease population. RECENT FINDINGS: Diastolic dysfunction is prevalent in a number of congenital lesions. Non-invasive assessment methods have varying applicability depending on the specific lesion. Lesions with a systemic left ventricle can likely be accurately assessed with traditional echocardiographic techniques while higher complexity lesions may be better suited to emerging techniques including 4D-flow cardiac MRI and analysis of late gadolinium enhancement. Diagnosis and management are tailored to the individual patient and include surveillance, medication, lifestyle modification and occasionally device therapy. Diastolic dysfunction is increasingly recognized across the spectrum of the expanding, aging congenital heart population. Ongoing study of the unique mechanisms in individual lesions is needed to determine how best to assess for and intervene upon this pathology.
Evolving Cardioprotective Strategies in Cardio-Oncology: A Narrative Review.
Wadden E, Chandrasekhar S, Jordan T … +6 more , Diaz A, Alhama-Belotto M, Andrikopoulou E, Leedy D, Vasbinder A, Cheng RK
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Sep · PMID 40924255 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Patients living with cancer are at risk for significant potential cardiovascular complications as a direct result of cancer treatment or due to underlying comorbid cardiovascular disease. This article...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Patients living with cancer are at risk for significant potential cardiovascular complications as a direct result of cancer treatment or due to underlying comorbid cardiovascular disease. This article reviews the methods of risk stratification as well as pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches to cardioprotection in cardio-oncology. RECENT FINDINGS: Several cancer-specific risk stratification tools have incorporated variables such as age, sex, cancer subtype, traditional cardiovascular risk factors and cancer treatment-related parameters to assess cardiovascular specific risk prior to cancer therapy. Cardioprotective strategies, namely neurohormonal blockade and statins, have yielded mixed results in patients with cancer. Non-pharmacologic strategies, including exercise and dietary interventions, have shown potentially promising results in observational and randomized studies. Ultimately, the optimal cardioprotective strategy should be personalized based on each patient's unique risk profile and clinical context. Further research is needed to better define the role of cardioprotection across different cancer subtypes and cardiovascular risk groups, with an emphasis on refining individualized prevention and treatment strategies.
VO Max in Clinical Cardiology: Clinical Applications, Evidence Gaps, and Future Directions.
Abdalla HM, Dreher L, VanDolah H … +12 more , Bacon A, El-Nayir M, Abdelnabi M, Ibrahim R, Pham HN, Bcharah G, Pathangey G, Wheatley-Guy C, Reddy S, Farina J, Ayoub C, Arsanjani R
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Sep · PMID 40913731 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: VO₂ max is a fundamental marker of cardiorespiratory fitness with substantial prognostic and diagnostic value within the field of cardiology. This review analyzes current and emerging evidence regardin...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: VO₂ max is a fundamental marker of cardiorespiratory fitness with substantial prognostic and diagnostic value within the field of cardiology. This review analyzes current and emerging evidence regarding its clinical uses, highlights key evidence gaps, and explores emerging developments poised to broaden its clinical application. RECENT FINDINGS: Evidence supports VO2 max as a powerful independent predictor for heart failure, coronary artery disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and cardiac amyloidosis, supporting it use in identifying high-risk patients for advanced interventions. Recent developments including the integration of machine learning and wearable devices can facilitate accurate VO2 estimation in routine clinical practice without the necessity of specialized diagnostic tools. Despite its robust diagnostic and prognostic value, VO₂ max assessment remains underutilized in routine cardiovascular care, primarily due to the need for specialized equipment and personnel. Future research should explore emerging technological innovations for VO2 max estimation and the development of evidence-based protocols to support its broader clinical implementation for improved cardiovascular outcomes.
Interleukin-6 in Cardiogenic Shock.
Fazzini L, Golino M, Moroni F … +4 more , Castrichini M, Tersalvi G, Manca P, Abbate A
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Aug · PMID 40884675 · Full text
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is one of the leading causes of mortality in patients with acute cardiac disease, and systemic inflammation plays a critical role in its pathophysiology. This review explores the...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is one of the leading causes of mortality in patients with acute cardiac disease, and systemic inflammation plays a critical role in its pathophysiology. This review explores the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in CS, with a focus on its biological pathways, prognostic value, and potential as a therapeutic target, highlighting the importance of addressing inflammation in this context. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent evidence highlights systemic inflammation implied in CS progression. Among the various cytokines involved, IL-6 is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine associated with organ dysfunction, and high mortality rates in acute myocardial infarction complicated by CS. Mechanistic studies exhibited an involvement of IL-6 since the first stages of CS onset, suggesting its role as both a biomarker and likely a mediator of CS. IL-6 emerges as a key inflammatory mediator in CS pathophysiology, serving as a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target. Future research should focus on further understanding the underlying mechanism linking acute inflammation and CS, patient phenotyping, and optimizing anti-inflammatory strategies investigating IL-6-targeted therapies to improve outcomes in this poor prognosis condition. Clinical trials of IL-6 blockade in cardiogenic shock are lacking.
Metabolic Regulation of Cardiovascular Aging.
Gao M, Finkel T
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Aug · PMID 40815457 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Metabolic changes can play a critical role in the structural and functional decline of the aging cardiovascular system. In this review, we examine how key metabolic pathways and regulatory mechanisms i...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Metabolic changes can play a critical role in the structural and functional decline of the aging cardiovascular system. In this review, we examine how key metabolic pathways and regulatory mechanisms influence cardiovascular aging, highlighting recent studies into metabolic flexibility, mitochondrial function, nutrient sensing, and energy utilization in the aging heart. Potential metabolic-based interventions to mitigate cardiac aging are also discussed. RECENT FINDINGS: Various metabolic changes have been observed in the aging heart. Impaired metabolic flexibility, as seen by reduced fatty acid oxidation with an increased reliance on glucose, is observed. Mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress in aged cardiomyocytes may lead to energy deficits, contributing to myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction. Accelerated cardiovascular aging is also connected to the dysregulation of nutrient-sensing pathways- such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuins, and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Enhancing the age-dependent decline in autophagy and mitophagy, which clears damaged organelles, appears to preserve cardiac function in aging. Recent studies have shown that interventions such as caloric restriction, exercise, and metformin can favorably remodel cardiac metabolism and delay age-related cardiac deterioration. Metabolic changes, including energy substrate shifts, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and impaired nutrient signaling, play a direct role in cardiovascular aging. Targeting these metabolic factors and pathways holds promise for alleviating age-associated cardiac dysfunction. Recent studies focusing on lifestyle or pharmacologic means of metabolic modulation provide and outline for the promotion of healthy cardiovascular aging, thereby reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease in the growing aging population.
Planetary Health: At the Crossroads of CVD Prevention.
Khawaja T, Rajagopalan S
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Aug · PMID 40813523 · Full text
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To highlight important recent findings demonstrating the interconnectedness of planetary and human health with a focus on cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Data continue to demonstrate a clear i...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To highlight important recent findings demonstrating the interconnectedness of planetary and human health with a focus on cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Data continue to demonstrate a clear interconnectedness between the health of the planet and human health, with cardiovascular disease as an important outcome. The central roles of air pollution, non-optimal temperatures, water/waste management, and food/biodiversity are highlighted. We also highlight the clear opportunity for healthcare organizations to facilitate change that will yield positive environmental and patient outcomes. The undeniable interconnectedness of the health of the planet and human health serves as a call to action for physicians, scientists, and policy makers to implement change that will lead to sustainability, a reduction in pollution, and a step into a better future.
Cardiovascular Consequences of Premature Menopause.
Bast JA, Olubi O, Le DE … +3 more , Parashar S, Dobrescu I, Kondapalli L
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Aug · PMID 40804564 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide a comprehensive review of cardiovascular risks associated with premature menopause. RECENT FINDINGS: Premature menopause, defined as permanent cessation of menstruation before the age of 40,...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide a comprehensive review of cardiovascular risks associated with premature menopause. RECENT FINDINGS: Premature menopause, defined as permanent cessation of menstruation before the age of 40, is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. A variety of disease states and treatment exposures can lead to premature menopause resulting in a growing population of women at risk for the development of cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes current data substantiating the adverse cardiovascular outcomes seen in premature ovarian insufficiency, surgical menopause, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and cancer treatment-induced menopause. Premature menopause significantly increases the risk of long-term cardiovascular events. Multidisciplinary healthcare models that emphasize screening women with premature menopause for cardiovascular risk factors are essential to improving the cardiovascular health and longevity of this vulnerable population.
Hypertension Remission After Bariatric Surgery: Metrics, Mechanisms, and Patient Selection.
Shirmohamadi E, Ghasemloo N, Ramezanpour MR … +1 more , Mohammadzadeh N
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Aug · PMID 40802063 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To evaluate the efficacy of bariatric surgery in the management of hypertension by answering: How does surgical weight loss compare with non-surgical methods in short-, medium-, and long-term blood pre...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To evaluate the efficacy of bariatric surgery in the management of hypertension by answering: How does surgical weight loss compare with non-surgical methods in short-, medium-, and long-term blood pressure control? Which procedure types and patient factors predict sustained hypertension remission? What underlying mechanisms drive blood pressure improvements after surgery? RECENT FINDINGS: Multiple trials and cohort studies confirm that bariatric procedures yield greater short- to medium-term reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and higher remission rates, than diet, medication, or lifestyle interventions. Long-term follow-up reveals variable durability: a substantial subset of patients experience hypertension relapse beyond 3-5 years, underscoring the importance of continued monitoring. Meta-analyses show gastric bypass confers superior long-term remission compared with sleeve gastrectomy. Key predictors of sustained remission include shorter preoperative hypertension duration, fewer baseline antihypertensive agents, greater postsurgical weight loss, and younger age at surgery. Emerging mechanistic studies highlight improved insulin sensitivity, reduced systemic inflammation, favorable endothelial remodeling, and altered gut hormone profiles as drivers of blood pressure reduction. Bariatric surgery offers marked advantages over non-surgical treatments for hypertension control in the short and medium term, with gastric bypass generally outperforming sleeve gastrectomy in the long run. Predictive factors (e.g., hypertension chronicity, medication burden, weight-loss magnitude, patient age) can guide candidate selection and personalized follow-up. Although metabolic and vascular improvements explain much of the benefit, the pathways underlying remission of non-metabolic hypertension remain incompletely understood. Future research should focus on clarifying these mechanisms and developing targeted postoperative strategies to minimize relapse and optimize cardiovascular outcomes.
Tricuspid Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair (T-TEER): A Single Approach to a Multiforme Pathology.
Sticchi A, Vitale C, Bargagna F … +11 more , Cardullo A, Aufiero M, Grassini D, Montuori B, Costa G, Angelillis M, Giannini D, Mazzola M, Spontoni P, Giannini C, De Carlo M
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Aug · PMID 40802019 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to analyze the current state of transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER) for tricuspid regurgitation, emphasizing patient phenotypes enrolled in major trials and registries, and disc...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to analyze the current state of transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER) for tricuspid regurgitation, emphasizing patient phenotypes enrolled in major trials and registries, and discussing potential pharmacological treatment strategies for this complex pathology. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have highlighted the significant impact of tricuspid regurgitation on morbidity and mortality in patients with valvular heart disease, heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension. Advances in multimodality imaging have improved phenotyping of TR, while T-TEER trials and registries have demonstrated improvements in TR severity and quality of life. However, mortality outcomes remain neutral. Novel therapies such as SGLT2 inhibitors show promise, particularly in patients with concomitant HFpEF and HFrEF, and ongoing trials are broadening the inclusion criteria to better represent real-world populations. T-TEER represents a promising interventional strategy for managing tricuspid regurgitation, yet challenges persist due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease and differences between trial and real-world populations. Optimizing patient selection and integrating advanced imaging and novel pharmacotherapies may further enhance clinical outcomes and reduce hospitalizations, paving the way for more personalized treatment approaches.
Beyond the Mouse: The Mouse Lemur as a New Primate Model for Cardiovascular Research.
Chang S
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Aug · PMID 40801968 · Full text
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Due to differences in cardiac structure and function, it has become increasingly clear that many aspects of cardiovascular anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and disease are not well modeled in mice. T...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Due to differences in cardiac structure and function, it has become increasingly clear that many aspects of cardiovascular anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and disease are not well modeled in mice. This has spurred a search for new model organisms with the practical advantages of mice but that more closely mimic human biology and disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Until recently, little was known of lemur cardiovascular physiology, cell types, or pathology. In a recent trinity of papers, we established the mouse lemur (Microcebus spp.) - the world's smallest, most prolific, and among the most abundant non-human primates - and the cheapest and easiest to maintain, as a new tractable genetic model organism. In one of these studies, we conducted the first systematic phenotypic screen and classical genetic mapping in a non-human primate, leading to the identification and characterization of human-like cardiac arrhythmias. We successfully genetically mapped one familial lemur arrhythmia to a novel disease gene. In the other two studies, we built and applied a transcriptomic cell atlas for the mouse lemur, profiling 226,000 cells across 27 organs. This included the transcriptomic profiles of over 4000 cardiac cells, identifying 15 heart cell types that included several rare heart cell types. We documented the first null mutations in lemur, including nonsense mutations in three primate genes absent in mice, and exploited the atlas to reveal their transcriptional phenotypes, demonstrating the potential of the model organism along with synergy with the atlas. To propel these advances, we recently generated a new near telomere-to-telomere (T2T), phased diploid genome assembly for the mouse lemur, using a combination of short-, long-, and ultralong-read sequencing technologies - providing a foundational genomic resource to enhance gene and mutation discovery, functional genomics, and the applicability of cell atlas data in this new primate model. This review examines the mouse lemur (Microcebus species) as a new tractable genetic model organism for investigating primate-specific cardiovascular function and disease. Recent studies from our lab have laid a robust cellular, molecular, and genomic foundation for this model, including the first systematic phenotypic screens and classical genetic mapping in a non-human primate, showing that both forward and reverse genetic approaches are now feasible in lemurs. Collectively, these advances present a compelling case for the mouse lemur as a valuable and practical model organism for primate biomedical research.
Optimizing Care for Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Leveraging Implementation Science in the Path Toward Pharmacoequity.
Longley RM, Katzenstein C, Mohottige D
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Aug · PMID 40794339 · Full text
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Overview the current landscape of pharmacoequity in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS: CKM syndrome is a key driver of the significant morbidity and mortality associated w...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Overview the current landscape of pharmacoequity in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS: CKM syndrome is a key driver of the significant morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease, and poses a significant threat to public health. Despite a growing armamentarium of evidence-based therapies for the prevention and management of CKM syndrome, access to these treatments remains unequal. For instance, gender, race, and ethnicity-based disparities have been noted in use of first-line, guideline-directed, disease-modifying drugs. Barriers to pharmacoequity in CKM including multimorbidity/polypharmacy, low awareness, clinical inertia, cost, pharmacy inaccessibility, unequal socio-contextual factors, and fragmented care require urgent attention including equity-promoting policy. Individual- and system-level barriers to pharmacoequity in CKM syndrome impede optimal CKM management, particularly among minoritized populations. We describe how a multifaceted, multi-level approach to CKM equity including interdisciplinary care and clinical decision support tools designed from an implementation science lens may help combat these inequities.
The Impact of Federal and State Laws on Cardiovascular Risk.
Needham BL, Dokshina DA
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Aug · PMID 40773043 · Full text
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize recent studies examining the impact of federal and state laws on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. RECENT FINDINGS: We identified 38 relevant studies that were published in the past five...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize recent studies examining the impact of federal and state laws on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. RECENT FINDINGS: We identified 38 relevant studies that were published in the past five years. Results of the narrative review indicate that laws related to structural racism, education, income, healthcare, the food environment, food insecurity, the built environment, transportation, air pollution, tobacco, alcohol, diet, and physical activity may impact CVD risk. Results were most consistent among studies examining laws related to air pollution, tobacco, and alcohol, and least consistent among studies examining laws related to the food environment and food insecurity. Federal and state laws have the potential to shape CVD risk by impacting the social, environmental, and behavioral determinants of health.
Multimodality Imaging for Diagnosis of Ischemic Heart Disease in Latin American Women from IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) Collaboratory.
Thamman R, Berrocal I, Massardo T … +3 more , Peix A, Paez D, Bullock-Palmer RP
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Aug · PMID 40760186 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This paper examines sex-specific disparities in CVD, the assessment of CVD risk, and the imaging techniques utilized for diagnosing IHD in women, with a focus on recent advancements. Additionally, it p...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This paper examines sex-specific disparities in CVD, the assessment of CVD risk, and the imaging techniques utilized for diagnosing IHD in women, with a focus on recent advancements. Additionally, it proposes multifaceted solutions to address challenges in healthcare accessibility in LATAM. RECENT FINDINGS: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains the primary cause of female mortality globally. A third of these deaths occur prematurely, with younger women experiencing the most rapid rise in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Latin America (LATAM), primarily composed of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), are challenged with limited healthcare access, resulting in under-diagnosis and under-treatment of IHD. Despite comprising 10% of the world's population and an IHD-adjusted mortality rate of 66.4 per 100,000 individuals, it remains perplexing that women's mortality rates exceed those of men in LATAM where numerous factors are projected to amplify IHD incidence by 300% over the next two decades. There have been several advances in cardiovascular imaging that allows for earlier and more accurate diagnosis of CVD in women. Future research should incorporate a greater proportion of LATAM women to further study this population to hopeful improve cardiovascular outcome in this population.
Digital Therapeutics in Cardiovascular Healthcare: A Narrative Review.
Shao X, Hu Y, Jia H … +1 more , Song J
Curr Cardiol Rep · 2025 Jul · PMID 40742604 · Publisher ↗
The rapid development of digital therapeutics (DTx) presents opportunities for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) intervention. This review aims to summarize the technologies and applications of DTx in the field of cardiovasc...
The rapid development of digital therapeutics (DTx) presents opportunities for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) intervention. This review aims to summarize the technologies and applications of DTx in the field of cardiovascular healthcare. It seeks to identify how DTx can enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of cardiovascular healthcare RECENT FINDINGS: Given the absence of a universally accepted definition, this review categorizes DTx applications in CVD into three main areas with based on widely recognized DTx characteristics: extended reality (XR)-assisted therapeutics, digital pill systems (DPS), and evidence-based applications designed for smartphones or smartwatches. XR aids surgical planning and execution by creating anatomical digital twins and providing immersive environments to reduce patient anxiety. DPS leverages ingestible sensors to enhance medication adherence and monitor physiological data, while APPs focus on CVD prevention, cardiac rehabilitation, and symptom tracking. Integrating artificial intelligence into DTx enhances its potential, allowing personalized interventions and improved data analysis. Despite its promise, the field faces challenges such as high costs, technological accessibility, and the need for robust regulatory frameworks to ensure safety and efficacy. With continued technological innovation and improved access, DTx is expected to play a transformative role in cardiovascular healthcare, bridging gaps in prevention, treatment, and long-term management CHARACTERISTICS: extended reality (XR)-assisted therapeutics, digital pill systems (DPS), and evidence-based applications designed for smartphones or smartwatches. XR aids surgical planning and execution by creating anatomical digital twins and providing immersive environments to reduce patient anxiety. DPS leverages ingestible sensors to enhance medication adherence and monitor physiological data, while APPs focus on CVD prevention, cardiac rehabilitation, and symptom tracking. Integrating artificial intelligence into DTx enhances its potential, allowing personalized interventions and improved data analysis. Despite its promise, the field faces challenges such as high costs, technological accessibility, and the need for robust regulatory frameworks to ensure safety and efficacy. With continued technological innovation and improved access, DTx is expected to play a transformative role in cardiovascular healthcare, bridging gaps in prevention, treatment, and long-term management. DTx show promise in the prevention, intervention, and management of CVD. Despite existing challenges, technological advancements and regulatory improvements are expected to expand the role of DTx in cardiovascular healthcare.
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