J Am Vet Med Assoc
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42285129
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OBJECTIVE: To identify the most frequent underlying causes of chylothorax in cats and to assess whether clinical and laboratory findings at presentation could predict etiology and outcome. METHODS: Cats diagnosed with ch...OBJECTIVE: To identify the most frequent underlying causes of chylothorax in cats and to assess whether clinical and laboratory findings at presentation could predict etiology and outcome. METHODS: Cats diagnosed with chylothorax were retrospectively enrolled in 2 veterinary centers between 2006 and 2022. Data collected for each case included signalment, history, physical examination findings, pleural effusion analysis, hematologic and imaging results, etiology, treatment (medical and/or surgical), and survival time. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression were used to identify markers of etiology. Associations with survival were assessed with the Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: 35 cats met the inclusion criteria. Cardiac disease was the most common etiology (57%), followed by idiopathic (31%), neoplasia (9%), and peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (3%). Cats with neoplastic chylothorax were significantly older than those in other etiologic groups. Cats with cardiac chylothorax had a higher left atrial-to-aortic ratio (median, 2.4) than cats in other etiologic groups (< 1.4). Median survival times for cardiac, idiopathic, neoplastic, and peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia etiology were 172, 416, 38, and 27 days, respectively. Regardless of the chylothorax etiology, survival was negatively correlated to older cats and low rectal temperature on initial arrival to the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac disease was the predominant cause of chylothorax. All cats with a left atrial-to-aortic ratio > 1.4 had a cardiac etiology. All cats aged over 14 years had a neoplastic etiology. Felines with a cardiac etiology had a poorer prognosis than idiopathic cases. Neoplastic cats had the shortest survival time. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: An echocardiogram should be considered for all cats diagnosed with chylothorax.
Aicher KM, Gookin JL, Mathews KG
… +1 more, Stowe DM
J Am Vet Med Assoc
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42269679
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of abdominal fluid bilirubin concentration-to-serum bilirubin concentration ratio (AFB:SB) measurement in detecting biliary tract rupture or leakage in dogs with gallbladder...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of abdominal fluid bilirubin concentration-to-serum bilirubin concentration ratio (AFB:SB) measurement in detecting biliary tract rupture or leakage in dogs with gallbladder mucocele (GBM; GBM group) versus no GBM (non-GBM group). METHODS: For this retrospective cross-sectional study, a search of medical records identified dogs with concurrent measurements of abdominal fluid bilirubin and serum bilirubin concentrations prior to surgery or postmortem examination for biliary tract rupture or leakage between July 1, 2007, and January 31, 2022. Results for AFB:SB and other variables of interest were compared between the GBM versus non-GBM group and those with versus without biliary tract rupture or leakage. RESULTS: 29 dogs were included (GBM group, n = 12; non-GBM, n = 17). Eleven GBM dogs and 7 non-GBM dogs had biliary tract rupture or leakage. The AFB:SB was > 2 for 2 of 11 (18%) GBM dogs with rupture, 6 of 7 (86%) non-GBM dogs with biliary tract rupture or leakage, and 2 non-GBM dogs without identified rupture/leakage. Abdominal fluid cytology confirmed the presence of bile in all dogs with a ruptured GBM. CONCLUSIONS: The use of AFB:SB alone frequently fails to detect biliary tract rupture or leakage in dogs with GBM; however, cytological analysis of abdominal fluid is valuable in helping to detect potential GBM rupture. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: It is essential that primary care and emergency veterinarians be aware that an AFB:SB > 2 can be indicative of biliary tract rupture or leakage in dogs; however, the ratio may not be > 2 in dogs with ruptured GBM.
Bryant R, Kroll J, Codd CM
… +5 more, Williams R, Wallace ML, Matthews KG, Bradley C, Holt D
J Am Vet Med Assoc
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42269678
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OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation, perioperative variables, surgical management, and outcomes in cats that underwent surgery for biliary cystadenomas. ANIMALS: 21 cats met inclusion criteria. These cats ha...OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation, perioperative variables, surgical management, and outcomes in cats that underwent surgery for biliary cystadenomas. ANIMALS: 21 cats met inclusion criteria. These cats had surgery for biliary cystadenomas between 2008 and 2023, with a corresponding histopathologic diagnosis. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Cats were reported as domestic shorthair (15 of 21), domestic longhair (3 of 21), Himalayan (1 of 21), Ragdoll (1 of 21), and Persian (1 of 21). This included 13 neutered males and 8 spayed females with a median age of 13 years. Cats most commonly presented with nonspecific clinical signs such as vomiting, weight loss, hyporexia, and lethargy. Cats were occasionally subclinical with a liver mass identified on physical examination or abdominal imaging. RESULTS: Surgery was pursued based on a variety of factors, including comorbidities requiring surgery, features of the mass, and clinical signs attributed to the mass. Major surgical complications were uncommon, and the perioperative mortality rate was 10% (2 of 21). Three cats had concerns for malignant transformation on histopathology. The recurrence rate was 22% (4 of 18) for the cats with follow-up. The biliary cystadenoma was not the life-limiting issue for cats that survived the perioperative period. The median survival time was 570 days with 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates of 67%, 43%, and 15%, respectively. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cats had positive short-term outcomes and long-term prognosis, and surgery should be considered for suspected biliary cystadenomas to obtain a definitive diagnosis and address associated morbidity. The potential for malignant transformation exists for feline biliary cystadenomas.
Robertson J, Issa AS, Dervisis N
… +15 more, McGuire K, Tuohy J, Rossmeisl J, Marine B, Jodar L, Marconato L, Fonseca-Alves C, Feiock C, Conner B, Fesler EB, Ngo L, Asl RS, Luczko M, White C, Senger R
J Am Vet Med Assoc
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42269671
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Liquid biopsy (LBx) is the analysis of fluids such as blood, urine, saliva, or secretions to detect cancer biomarkers and circulating tumor cells. It is becoming a common investigational tool in human oncology, but less...Liquid biopsy (LBx) is the analysis of fluids such as blood, urine, saliva, or secretions to detect cancer biomarkers and circulating tumor cells. It is becoming a common investigational tool in human oncology, but less so in veterinary medicine. Liquid biopsy is less invasive and has fewer complications than tissue biopsy, but it is not intended to replace tissue biopsy. In human oncology, LBx is primarily used as an investigational tool because of the cost and technology requirements. Liquid biopsy may eventually provide early-stage cancer detection, but this has not been proven for humans or dogs. Several LBx tests are currently available commercially to dog owners and veterinarians. A new test, Urine Molecular Fingerprinting, has been developed and addresses the limitations of blood-based technologies.
Beard MC, Cooper L, Grimes JA
… +3 more, Yankin I, Glamann S, Dickerson VM
J Am Vet Med Assoc
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42269667
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OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical progression of dogs with physiologic degloving injuries, including bloodwork abnormalities, nutritional management, wound care, and the need for advanced care such as blood products. METHO...OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical progression of dogs with physiologic degloving injuries, including bloodwork abnormalities, nutritional management, wound care, and the need for advanced care such as blood products. METHODS: Medical records of client-owned dogs with physiologic degloving injuries between 2011 and 2025 were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included clinical presentation, bloodwork, wound progression, diagnostic imaging, and treatment interventions. Dogs were grouped based on survival to discharge (survivors or nonsurvivors). RESULTS: 18 dogs were identified following medical record review. Physiologic degloving was most frequently caused by vehicular trauma (10 of 18 [55.6%]) or attack by another animal (8 of 18 [44.4%]) and primarily affected the thorax (7 of 18 [38.9%]) and abdomen (6 of 18 [33.3%]). Concurrent injuries were present in 15 of 18 cases (83.3%). Clinicopathologic abnormalities affecting 50% or more of dogs included hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia, and anemia. Treatments frequently included systemic antibiotics, blood product administration, and feeding tube placement. Multidrug-resistant organisms were identified on 6 of 15 cultures (40.0%). Wound management typically included negative pressure wound therapy or active suction drainage, with many dogs requiring prolonged open wound management. The overall mortality rate was 33.3% (12 survivors, 6 nonsurvivors), with a median hospitalization time of 9 days (IQR, 5 to 14 days). CONCLUSIONS: Dogs with physiologic degloving injuries may have substantial morbidity requiring intensive monitoring and wound management. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinicians treating dogs with physiologic degloving should anticipate the need for intensive supportive care, including blood products and early nutritional intervention. Wound management may be prolonged. Mortality rates were high; however, dogs that survive appeared to have a good outcome.
Dewey CW, Rojas CA, Pomeroy C
… +2 more, Gerardi J, Ganz HH
J Am Vet Med Assoc
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42269666
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate potential effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on cognitive scores and bacterial microbiota composition in dogs with suspected canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD). METHODS: The study...OBJECTIVE: To investigate potential effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on cognitive scores and bacterial microbiota composition in dogs with suspected canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD). METHODS: The study was conducted from September 19, 2024, to September 11, 2025. Dogs with presumptive CCD were given oral FMT capsules daily for 90 days. Each dog received 1 FMT capsule every 12 hours. Fecal samples and cognitive (disorientation, impaired social interactions, sleep disturbance, house soiling, learning and memory loss, activity changes, and anxiety and fear [DISHAA]) assessments were completed at baseline and on days 30, 60, and 90. Fecal samples were submitted for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS: 11 dogs were enrolled; 10 dogs had no adverse events from FMT treatment, and 1 dog developed gastrointestinal signs and was removed from the study. All 10 remaining dogs had complete microbiome data; however, owners of 4 dogs did not report final (90-day) DISHAA scores. Of the 6 dogs with complete data, cognition improved in 4 (mean, -8.25 points) but worsened in 2 (mean, +7 points) according to owner-reported DISHAA scores. Microbiome richness and diversity increased in 4 of the 6 dogs. Several dogs also showed positive modulation of microbiome composition including reductions in Streptococcus spp and increases in Peptacetobacter hiranonis, Prevotella copri, and Bacteroides spp. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provided preliminary evidence that FMT may help improve cognitive function in dogs with CCD. However, the study sample size was small and ideal FMT dosing level and treatment duration remain undefined. A larger study with longer follow-up is warranted, based on our results. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: FMT showed promise in slowing or reducing cognitive impairment in aging dogs and may be considered as adjunct therapy in these cases.
Darvish A, Keller K, Huynh M
… +2 more, Farrell KS, Guzman DS
J Am Vet Med Assoc
· 2026 Apr · PMID 42248204
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical use, indications, outcomes, and adverse reactions associated with allogenic whole blood transfusions in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). METHODS: A retrospective cohort of cli...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical use, indications, outcomes, and adverse reactions associated with allogenic whole blood transfusions in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). METHODS: A retrospective cohort of client-owned rabbits receiving allogenic whole blood transfusions at a veterinary teaching hospital between 1993 and 2025 was identified. Signalment, transfusion indications and parameters, and survival to discharge were collected. Adverse reactions were graded based on canine and feline consensus guidelines including imputability and severity scores. RESULTS: 21 rabbits were included. The most common indication for transfusion was blood loss from liver lobe torsion (10 of 21 [48%]) or intraoperative blood loss (6 of 21 [29%]). Results from crossmatching, performed in 62% of cases (13 of 21), were negative in all cases. Adverse reactions occurred in 10 of 21 rabbits, with 14 total adverse reactions reported. Transfusion-associated dyspnea (5 of 21 [24%]) and transfusion-associated cardiac overload (5 of 21 [24%]) occurred most frequently. All reactions were classified as nonsevere (9 of 14 [64%]) or severe (5 of 14 [36%]) and assigned imputability scores of possibly (9 of 14 [64%]) or probably (5 of 14 [36%]) related to the transfusion. Overall survival to discharge was 57% (12 of 21). CONCLUSIONS: Allogenic whole blood first transfusions in domestic rabbits appeared clinically effective and generally well tolerated, with improved PCV and no life-threatening complications. Rabbits had a higher rate of acute respiratory signs during or after transfusion compared to dogs or cats. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Whole blood transfusion was a feasible, potentially lifesaving treatment in critically ill rabbits. Future studies should prospectively collect data to better characterize transfusion reactions in this species and allow optimization of protocols.
J Am Vet Med Assoc
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42248188
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International veterinary service-learning programs offer educational experiences that can enhance and reach beyond what domestic clinical rotations provide. FARVets International, a nonprofit 501(c)(3) founded in 2010 an...International veterinary service-learning programs offer educational experiences that can enhance and reach beyond what domestic clinical rotations provide. FARVets International, a nonprofit 501(c)(3) founded in 2010 and affiliated with the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, has conducted 54 clinic trips across 7 global regions over 15 years, training approximately 350 veterinary students through hands-on surgical, anesthetic, and clinical experiences in resource-limited settings abroad. This Viewpoint introduces the idea that international service-learning can occupy a distinct and underrepresented place in veterinary curricula-one that produces competency development, professional identity formation, and cross-cultural learning that structured programs elsewhere may not routinely achieve. Prospective empirical studies examining surgical skills development and student perceptions of the human-animal bond are currently in preparation.
Hofmeister EH, White AG, Landers CG
… +6 more, Kramper S, Gordon-Ross P, McCool K, Welborn N, Griffenhagen G, Shaver S
J Am Vet Med Assoc
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42242286
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OBJECTIVE: To document the opinions of owners presenting to veterinary teaching hospitals regarding the disclosure of medical errors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study surveyed pet owners from 7 veterinary teaching hos...OBJECTIVE: To document the opinions of owners presenting to veterinary teaching hospitals regarding the disclosure of medical errors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study surveyed pet owners from 7 veterinary teaching hospitals in the US from 2021 to 2022. Data collected included demographics, personality traits, animal ownership, animal death experiences, animal-owner bond, and experiences with medical error. Multivariate regression models were built to assess the relationship between the belief that medical errors are inevitable and respondent characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 5,026 pet owners completed the survey, and 1,629 people provided descriptive accounts. The belief that medical errors are inevitable was negatively associated with extroversion and positively associated with education level. The majority (72%) indicated that they wanted to know about every medical error, 72% wanted to be notified immediately if an error occurred, and 88% wanted to know if a medical error had the potential to cause harm to their pet. The vast majority of respondents (87%) indicated that when a veterinarian poorly communicated about medical errors, they lost trust in the practitioner. When a veterinarian communicated a medical error well, 58% reported an improvement in trust. Respondents indicated that errors in communication, treatment, and diagnosis resulted in negative patient case outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Participants in this study wanted to know about all medical errors and wanted to be informed of those errors immediately. Communication, misdiagnosis, and treatment errors leading to poor case outcomes were reasons pet owners believed errors occur. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Veterinarians should be prepared to communicate completely with clients when a medical error occurs.
Westbrook M, Boscan P, Monnet E
… +1 more, Marvel SJ
J Am Vet Med Assoc
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42242285
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OBJECTIVE: To describe the complications and short-term outcome following the use of perioperative nasotracheal oxygen administered through a nasotracheal tube (NTT) placed prophylactically or as a rescue during anesthet...OBJECTIVE: To describe the complications and short-term outcome following the use of perioperative nasotracheal oxygen administered through a nasotracheal tube (NTT) placed prophylactically or as a rescue during anesthetic recovery for brachycephalic dogs. METHODS: 35 brachycephalic dogs were included in this retrospective study. Medical records were searched between January 2017 and September 2025 for dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome that received supplemental oxygen through an NTT during the anesthetic recovery period. Dogs were divided into 2 groups depending on timing of tube placement. Tubes were placed prophylactically prior to extubation or as a rescue when reintubation was required. Follow-up information was obtained from medical records, referring veterinarians, or a phone call with the owner. RESULTS: Minor complications associated with NTTs occurred in 23% of dogs (8 of 35). Non-tube-related complications occurred in 63% of dogs (22 of 35), with severe respiratory complications occurring in 17% of dogs (6 of 35). Four of 6 dogs (67%) with severe respiratory complications had rescue tubes. Nasotracheal tubes were successful in 66% of dogs (23 of 35). Success was associated with 10-Fr or larger tubes. CONCLUSIONS: Nasotracheal oxygen supplementation was another tool to assist in successful anesthetic recovery of high-risk brachycephalic dogs. Larger tubes were associated with improved success rates. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: NTTs placed either prophylactically or as a rescue were generally well tolerated. Dogs that undergo rescue tube placement may experience severe postoperative respiratory complications, including temporary tracheostomy, need for mechanical ventilation, and euthanasia or death. Further evaluation on timing of NTT placement is warranted.
J Am Vet Med Assoc
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42242283
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OBJECTIVE: The T-wave peak-end (TpTe) interval and its ratio to the QT interval (TpTe:QT) are ECG markers of myocardial repolarization dispersion. We hypothesized that these markers are associated with echocardiographic...OBJECTIVE: The T-wave peak-end (TpTe) interval and its ratio to the QT interval (TpTe:QT) are ECG markers of myocardial repolarization dispersion. We hypothesized that these markers are associated with echocardiographic indices reflecting structural remodeling in dogs with the dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) phenotype and are minimally influenced by heart rate (HR). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in dogs with an echocardiographic subtype of DCM, excluding sighthound breeds, between July 2021 and June 2023. Dogs receiving antiarrhythmic drugs prior to the diagnostic ECG were excluded. Repolarization markers (QT interval, corrected QT interval using the Fridericia formula [QTc], TpTe interval, and TpTe:QT) were retrospectively evaluated from in-clinic ECGs and correlated with echocardiographic variables (left ventricular end-diastolic diameter normalized to body weight [LVEDDN], left ventricular end-systolic diameter normalized to body weight [LVESDN], end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume [ESV], end-diastolic volume normalized to body surface area, ESV normalized to body surface area, fractional shortening, and ejection fraction). RESULTS: Correlation analysis between repolarization markers and HR showed a significant moderate negative correlation for the QT interval, whereas QTc exhibited a weak positive correlation. The TpTe interval showed a weak negative correlation, and TpTe:QT demonstrated a negligible correlation with HR; however, neither association was statistically significant. The TpTe interval showed significant weak correlations with LVEDDN and LVESDN, whereas TpTe:QT showed significant weak to moderate correlations with LVEDDN, LVESDN, ESV, and ESV normalized to body surface area, even after adjustment for HR. In contrast, QT and QTc were not significantly associated with any echocardiographic variable. CONCLUSIONS: The TpTe interval and TpTe:QT might have been independent of HR and correlated with left ventricular diameter and volume. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The TpTe interval and TpTe:QT may serve as ECG repolarization markers reflecting myocardial structural remodeling in dogs with DCM.
Luedke L, Hendrickson DA, Pezzanite LM
… +1 more, Easley JT
J Am Vet Med Assoc
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42242281
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The purpose of this article was to report a condensed overview of current strategies for mitigating and managing complications in equine laparoscopic surgery. Minimally invasive surgical techniques have become standard i...The purpose of this article was to report a condensed overview of current strategies for mitigating and managing complications in equine laparoscopic surgery. Minimally invasive surgical techniques have become standard in equine surgery for a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, with purported advantages including reduced postoperative pain, expedited recovery, fewer incisional complications, and enhanced visual imagery for the surgeon compared to traditional open approaches. Despite these benefits, complications can arise, and the literature demonstrates variability in definitions and reporting standards. A recent meta-analysis highlights hemorrhage, organ injury, poor image quality, and incisional problems as some of the most reported complications, with an intraoperative complication rate of 6.25% and postoperative complication rate of 35.5%. Reporting bias and a lack of exhaustive complication tracking infer that the true incidence may be underestimated. This article thereby aimed to support clinical decision-making by providing practical approaches for prevention and intervention. The ongoing evolution of surgical techniques and expanding research underscore the necessity for regular updates to best-practice guidelines.
Hoel ME, Gimenez AR, Elbe A
… +3 more, Horecka K, Alvarez E, Lashnits E
J Am Vet Med Assoc
· 2026 May · PMID 42202865
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate commercially available oral capsules providing fecal microbial transplant (FMT) as a practical option for adjunctive treatment of canine parvovirus (CPV) in an outpatient setting. We hypothesized t...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate commercially available oral capsules providing fecal microbial transplant (FMT) as a practical option for adjunctive treatment of canine parvovirus (CPV) in an outpatient setting. We hypothesized that treatment with FMT capsules would improve survival and hasten resolution of clinical signs compared to placebo. METHODS: This blinded, randomized controlled trial evaluated oral FMT capsules in shelter dogs with CPV treated with an outpatient protocol (September 2022 to August 2024). Eligible dogs were randomized to receive adjunctive FMT or placebo, with 3 dosing regimens assessed. The primary outcome was time to recovery; secondary outcomes included survival, escalation to ICU, and resolution of clinical signs. RESULTS: 101 dogs were enrolled, of which 52 were in the control group and 49 received FMT. Dogs that survived without escalation to ICU-level care in both the control (n = 42) and FMT groups (32) had a median duration to recovery of 5 days (P = .872). There was a 94% (49 of 52) survival rate in the control group compared to 82% (40 of 49) for the group receiving FMT (P = .051); there was no significant difference in survival between groups when controlling for age or weight (OR, 3.18; 95% CI, 0.74 to 17.28; P = .139). CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence that oral FMT capsules hastened recovery or improved short-term survival rate in an outpatient setting. Future work is needed to determine whether oral FMT has negative effects in dogs with CPV. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study provides evidence that oral FMT treatment may not be helpful in the outpatient treatment of CPV.
Park FJ, Lepiz ML, Baetge C
… +5 more, Moreno K, Watanabe R, Dickerson V, Thieman K, Ida KK
J Am Vet Med Assoc
· 2026 May · PMID 42173154
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether laparoscopic-induced pneumoperitoneum (8 to 10 mm Hg) in reverse Trendelenburg (RT) impairs ventilation and oxygenation, and whether pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) with low positive...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether laparoscopic-induced pneumoperitoneum (8 to 10 mm Hg) in reverse Trendelenburg (RT) impairs ventilation and oxygenation, and whether pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) with low positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP; 3 cm H2O [PEEP-3] or 5 cm H2O [PEEP-5]) improves these variables in sevoflurane-anesthetized large-breed dogs. METHODS: Cardiopulmonary variables were recorded before (T0) and 15 minutes after insufflation in RT (T1) during spontaneous ventilation (SV) and again 45 minutes after initiating PCV (T2) using 20 breaths/min, an inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio of 1:2, PEEP-3 or PEEP-5, and peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) starting at 10 or 12 cm H2O, respectively, with 2-cm H2O increments every 5 minutes until end-tidal CO2 reached 35 to 40 mm Hg or PIP reached 20 cm H2O. The final dataset was collected 5 minutes after desufflation on PCV (T3). RESULTS: During SV, pneumoperitoneum worsened Paco2 (median [range]; PEEP-3, 70.0 mm Hg [62.0 to 86.1 mm Hg]; PEEP-5, 72.0 mm Hg [61.0 to 81.9 mm Hg]) and plasma pH (mean ± SD; PEEP-3, 7.18 ± 0.04; PEEP-5, 7.18 ± 0.02). During PCV, after titrating PIP (median, 16 and 18 cm H2O, respectively), these variables improved, but in PEEP-5, pH remained lower (mean ± SD; 7.36 ± 0.03 vs 7.32 ± 0.04), and dead space-to-tidal volume higher (median [range]; 9.4% [2.2% to 16.1%] vs 16.2% [7.0% to 34.0%]). Oxygenation was unaffected, and cardiovascular changes and interventions were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: During SV, pneumoperitoneum in RT worsened hypercapnia and acidemia without impairing oxygenation. During PCV, PEEP-3 provided the best respiratory outcome. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Low PEEP-3 PCV improves pneumoperitoneum-induced hypoventilation in large-breed dogs without oxygenation impairment, whereas PEEP-5 may be limited by PIP.
J Am Vet Med Assoc
· 2026 May · PMID 42173153
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Energy use is a major driver of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in veterinary practice, primarily through consumption of fossil fuel-generated electricity and heating, client travel, staff commute, and the extensive suppl...Energy use is a major driver of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in veterinary practice, primarily through consumption of fossil fuel-generated electricity and heating, client travel, staff commute, and the extensive supply chain of healthcare products. Here we synthesize information on these key emission sources, outline the scientific and economic rationale for decarbonizing energy use and present 6 scalable strategies for reducing energy-related emissions in veterinary hospitals: procuring 100% renewable low-carbon electricity, electrifying clinical operations and infrastructure, reducing transport-related emissions, improving hospital energy efficiency, installing on-site renewable energy generation and storage, and addressing emissions from procurement and delivery. Together, these interventions provide a structured pathway for reducing emissions from veterinary practice while strengthening operational resilience, supporting long-term financial sustainability, and advancing the profession's role in protecting the health of animals, people, and the environments they share, consistent with a One Health approach.