Asian Pacific Journal Of Cancer Prevention[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
MUC5AC Protein Expression as a Potential Predictor of Metastasis in Mucinous Ovarian Carcinoma: Unveiling a New Biomarker in a Rare Cancer Subtype.
Masadah R, Rauf S, Ahmad DE … +1 more , Faruk M
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345163 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) is a distinct and lethal histological subtype of ovarian cancer, frequently characterized by late-stage diagnosis and chemoresistance. The role of MUC5AC a gel-forming mucin a...
BACKGROUND: Mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) is a distinct and lethal histological subtype of ovarian cancer, frequently characterized by late-stage diagnosis and chemoresistance. The role of MUC5AC a gel-forming mucin associated with aggressive behavior in various epithelial malignancies remains under-investigated in the context of MOC metastasis, particularly within Indonesian populations. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between MUC5AC expression and metastatic occurrence in MOC to determine its utility as a predictive biomarker. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 63 MOC tissue samples, collected between 2021 and 2024. MUC5AC expression was evaluated via immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a semi-quantitative scoring system. Statistical associations were determined using the Chi-square test, with an emphasis on calculating the odds ratio (OR) for metastatic risk. RESULTS: Among the 63 cases, metastatic involvement (omental or extra-ovarian) was identified in 37 samples (58.7%). A significant correlation was noted between high MUC5AC expression and the occurrence of metastasis in MOC (p=0.002). Furthermore, tumors exhibiting high MUC5AC expression demonstrated a 6.4-fold increased probability of metastasis compared to those with low expression (OR = 6.40; 95% CI: 1.89-21.5). CONCLUSION: Elevated MUC5AC expression is significantly correlated with metastatic involvement in primary MOC. These findings suggest that MUC5AC has the potential to serve as a predictive biomarker for metastasis in this rare cancer subtype, potentially assisting in the identification of patients who require more intensive staging and surveillance.
Sesamin Suppresses Ovarian Cancer Progression via Modulation of Wnt/β-Catenin and Associated Oncogenic Pathways.
Maheswari Jayaveeran H, Rajagopal P, Parthiban M … +3 more , Jayaraman S, Varalakshmi V S, Chandrasekaran K
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345162 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: The current research aimed to explore the molecular pathway of sesamin in controlling the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and associated oncogenic regulators in ovarian cancer cells. METHODS: Molecular docking...
OBJECTIVE: The current research aimed to explore the molecular pathway of sesamin in controlling the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and associated oncogenic regulators in ovarian cancer cells. METHODS: Molecular docking was conducted to assess sesamin's binding activity toward major signaling proteins (Wnt, β-catenin, GSK3β, TGF-β). Functional confirmation was performed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) to quantify gene expression following a 48-hour treatment of ovarian cancer cells with sesamin. RESULT: Docking simulations revealed strong binding affinities, particularly with Wnt (-9.19 kcal/mol), supported by hydrogen bond interactions. qPCR results showed significant downregulation of Wnt (50%), TGF-β (40%), GSK3β (25%), and β-catenin transcripts compared to the control (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Sesamin potently inhibits several oncogenic regulators within the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, positioning it as a potential multi-target natural therapeutic for ovarian cancer. These findings support sesamin as a promising candidate for further preclinical and clinical investigation, particularly as an adjuvant therapy to overcome drug resistance and limit tumor progression.
Refrigerator Ownership and the Decline of Gastric Cancer: A Global Overview.
Lim YS, Tan YW, Heng E … +4 more , Chia TH, Spiekermann M, Hill A, Lim KG
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345161 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Refrigeration of food has been shown to mitigate environmental and dietary risk factors important in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Globally, the incidence of gastric cancer has decreased. This study aims...
OBJECTIVE: Refrigeration of food has been shown to mitigate environmental and dietary risk factors important in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Globally, the incidence of gastric cancer has decreased. This study aims to determine the relationship between refrigerator ownership and gastric cancer. METHODS: Gastric cancer data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study, and refrigerator ownership data were sourced from GlobalDataLab. Countries were excluded from the analysis if they lacked refrigerator ownership data for more than 10 years or had over 80% ownership at the start of data collection. The relationship between the two variables was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULT: Countries were screened using the inclusion criteria, and 85 countries from five continents were included in the study. Seventy-three countries demonstrated a negative correlation between refrigerator ownership and gastric cancer among their male populations, and 55 countries showed comparable results among their female populations. Thirteen countries exhibited a positive correlation between the two variables. CONCLUSION: Increasing refrigerator ownership appears to be associated with decreasing gastric cancer rates. Further research is needed to identify the specific risk factors involved in gastric cancer pathogenesis in the 13 countries where this association was not observed.
3D-reverts of HCT-116, MG-63, and SiHa Human Cancer Cell Lines - Promising Cancer Research Models.
Dhakshanamoorthy R, Baskar G, Maddaly R
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345160 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Human cancer cell lines have contributed immensely to cancer research. Advancements in cell culture techniques and contributions from modern biomedical engineering developments have enabled better utilization...
OBJECTIVE: Human cancer cell lines have contributed immensely to cancer research. Advancements in cell culture techniques and contributions from modern biomedical engineering developments have enabled better utilization of such cell lines. There has been a major shift from the two-dimensional (2D) way of cell culture to the three-dimensional (3D) ways of culturing cells, which began about two decades ago. We propose an extension to this evolving trend in the form of 3D reverts (3DRs). METHODS: 3D aggregates of three human cancer cell lines, HCT-116, MG-63, and SiHa, were obtained using agarose hydrogels as the matrix. 3DRs were obtained by introducing the floating 3D aggregates into scaffold-free culture units. These 3DRs were observed periodically, and images were obtained and analyzed for their culture characteristics. RESULTS: The 3DRs of the three cell lines mimicked an explant-like features, with cells migrating out of the aggregates and attaching to the culture surfaces. Each cell line exhibited a unique pattern of migration of individual cells from their respective 3D aggregates to form 3DRs. The cells in the proliferative zone of HCT-116, MG-63, and SiHa aggregates showed single-cell mesenchymal-like, amoeboid-like and collective migration, respectively. The morphological features of the 3D aggregates of the cell lines used largely determined the type of cell movement exhibited for formation of the 3DRs. CONCLUSIONS: 3DR types of culture have not been well studied or described in detail previously. Although such cultures resemble 2D monolayers, the manner in which they develop differs among cell lines. Such 3DRs have potential as emerging models for in vitro cancer research experiments, especially for studies related to metastasis.
Optimizing Staging Imaging in Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Predictive Factors and Guideline Alignment in Oman.
Al Mazrouai R, Al Qassabi B, Alshizawi A … +3 more , Al Qanoobi I, Alsayegh HA, Alagbari S
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345159 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of staging imaging in detecting distant metastases among women with early-stage breast cancer in Oman, assess alignment with international guidelines, and identify key patient...
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of staging imaging in detecting distant metastases among women with early-stage breast cancer in Oman, assess alignment with international guidelines, and identify key patient factors that could guide selective imaging use. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, including women diagnosed with stage 0-II breast cancer between January 2014 and December 2019. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, imaging modalities, and outcomes were reviewed. Staging imaging included computed tomography (CT) with bone scintigraphy and/or positron emission tomography (PET-CT). The primary outcome was the prevalence of confirmed metastatic disease (M1). Fisher's exact test was used to assess associations between clinicopathological factors and metastatic yield. The Number Needed to Image (NNI) was calculated to estimate the efficiency of imaging. RESULTS: Among 207 patients, 187 (90.3%) underwent staging imaging. Suspicious findings were detected in 10 patients (5.3% of those imaged), but only six cases (3.2% of those imaged; 2.9% of the total cohort) were confirmed as true metastases. All confirmed metastases were identified using CT with bone scans, while PET-CT did not detect any additional cases. Lymph node status was the strongest predictor of metastases (p = 0.011). Node-positive patients had a 19.0% metastasis rate compared with 1.1% among node-negative patients. The NNI was 5 for node-positive versus 93 for node- negative patients, demonstrating the limited value of routine imaging in low-risk groups. CONCLUSION: The overall yield of routine staging imaging in early-stage breast cancer is low, with the greatest benefit observed in node-positive patients. Adopting risk-based, guideline- aligned imaging strategies could reduce unnecessary investigations, patient anxiety, and healthcare costs while ensuring optimal use of resources.
Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies DHX58 as a Promising Therapeutic Target and Prognostic Biomarker Across Multiple Tumor Types.
Aziz HS, Al-Zaalan AR
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345158 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: DExH-box helicase 58 (DHX58/LGP2) is an innate immune regulator with a previously uncharacterized role in oncology. This study evaluates the multifaceted role of the DHX58 gene, examining its pan-cancer expre...
BACKGROUND: DExH-box helicase 58 (DHX58/LGP2) is an innate immune regulator with a previously uncharacterized role in oncology. This study evaluates the multifaceted role of the DHX58 gene, examining its pan-cancer expression, prognostic value, and therapeutic potential across various tumor types through an extensive pan-cancer bioinformatics analysis. METHODS: We conducted a bioinformatics analysis of DHX58 using TCGA and GTEx data from four platforms: GEPIA2, TIMER 2.0, UALCAN, and starBase. We assessed differential expression, prognostic significance and survival outcomes, drug sensitivity, functional enrichment, genomic alterations, protein-protein interactions, and DNA methylation across 32 cancer types. RESULTS: Our findings revealed that the differential expression of the DHX58 gene across numerous cancers was context-dependent, with consistent downregulation in lung squamous cell carcinoma and upregulation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Low DHX58 expression correlated with poor survival in kidney chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, sarcoma, and skin melanoma, but with favorable outcomes in other cancers, such as colon adenocarcinoma. Notably, low DHX58 expression was associated with increased sensitivity to birinapant and saracatinib. Genomic alterations were infrequent, and methylation patterns were largely unchanged. Functional enrichment analysis emphasized DHX58's established role in innate immunity and antiviral responses, with its co-expressed genes implicated in viral defense pathways. Genomic profiling identified various alterations, including mutations and copy number variations, contributing to DHX58 dysregulation. Protein-protein interaction mapping solidified its central role in immune signaling, while DNA methylation analysis highlighted epigenetic regulation as another layer of control. CONCLUSION: Our pan-cancer analysis reveals that DHX58 has context-specific prognostic and predictive roles. While discrepancies between platforms exist, DHX58 emerges as a potential biomarker in specific cancers, particularly in the context of therapies involving agents like birinapant. These findings warrant further mechanistic and clinical investigation.
Cancer Knowledge and Environmental Exposure Awareness Among Healthcare Workers and the General Public in Istanbul: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Önal AE, Gündoğdu BPS, Aslan MN … +7 more , İpekoğlu H, Demir ÖS, Önal ME, Altuğ MO, Hasanusta M, İnce GN, Ören Çelik MM
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345157 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: A substantial proportion of cancers are preventable, yet awareness of risk factors and screening remains limited. This study assessed disparities in knowledge of cancer epidemiology, screening, and environmen...
OBJECTIVES: A substantial proportion of cancers are preventable, yet awareness of risk factors and screening remains limited. This study assessed disparities in knowledge of cancer epidemiology, screening, and environmental risk factors between healthcare workers(HCWs) and the general public(GP) in two urban districts of Istanbul, and identified associated sociodemographic and behavioral determinants. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 309 participants using a structured 42-item questionnaire covering cancer epidemiology (15 items), screening (9), and environmental risk factors(18). Each correct response scored one point. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.944). Knowledge levels were analyzed across subgroups. RESULTS: HCWs scored significantly higher than the GP in all domains: epidemiology (7.7 ± 3.6; 6.4 ± 2.8), screening (5.2 ± 2.7; 2.6 ± 2.1), and environmental risks (12.5 ± 5.0; 10.7 ± 5.7). Higher education, better income, and health-promoting behaviors were associated with increased knowledge. Despite this, notable gaps persisted. Breast cancer was widely recognized (86.1% HCWs; 81.9% GP), whereas awareness of lethal cancers like liver cancer was low (12.2% HCWs; 4.6% GP). Screening knowledge varied: HCWs were more aware of breast cancer screening; prostate and lung cancer screening were poorly recognized, particularly by the GP. While radiation risks were commonly known, links between smoking and non-lung cancers were largely unknown. CONCLUSION: Despite national programs, critical gaps in knowledge persist across all domains, including among HCWs. These disparities, shaped by education, income, and behavior, undermine prevention efforts. Tailored education strategies are needed to improve knowledge, especially environmental cancer literacy, and promote early detection in both groups.
Assessment of Total Delays and Their Associated Factors among Breast, Cervical, and Head and Neck Cancers in Northwestern India: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Abraham A, Mahajan S, Padda P … +3 more , Kaur J, Sandhu SK, Khanna I
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345156 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Timely diagnosis and treatment are critical for improving cancer survival; however, significant delays persist across the cancer care continuum, particularly in resource-constrained settings like India. This...
BACKGROUND: Timely diagnosis and treatment are critical for improving cancer survival; however, significant delays persist across the cancer care continuum, particularly in resource-constrained settings like India. This study aimed to analyze the extent and patterns of delays among patients with breast, cervical, and head and neck cancers in northwestern India. METHODS: This exploratory cross-sectional study included all histopathologically confirmed cases of the three cancer types who initiated radiotherapy at the Radiotherapy Department of Government Medical College, Amritsar, during December 1, 2023, to November 30, 2024. Data on sociodemographic profiles, clinical details, and treatment timelines were collected through interviews and medical records. Delays were categorized as appraisal, help-seeking, diagnostic, pre-treatment, system, and total delays. Analysis was conducted at the descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable levels. Median delays and interquartile ranges were calculated for each cancer type. Differences in delay intervals between cancer groups were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, and differences between two-category variables were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Associations between categorical variables and the presence of prolonged total delay (≥120 days) were examined using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. Correlation between total delay and number of medical contacts was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Finally, multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of prolonged total delay, and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were reported. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Among the 119 patients included in the study (45 breast, 28 cervical, and 46 head and neck cancers), breast cancer patients experienced the longest total delay (median: 282 days), followed by cervical (median: 199 days) and head and neck cancers (median: 190 days). System delay was the primary contributor across all three cancer types, driven largely by diagnostic delays. Appraisal delay was longest for breast cancer (median 155.5 days), help-seeking delay was longest for head and neck cancer (median 65 days), and pre-treatment delay was also longest for breast cancer (median 51.5 days). Variations in delays were observed across sociodemographic factors, but none reached statistical significance. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the need for a targeted, cancer-specific approach to address delays, with a focus on strengthening diagnostic services and improving system efficiency within the healthcare infrastructure. Implementing multi-pronged strategies for early detection, timely care, and prevention is crucial in reducing the cancer burden in this high-risk region.
Thymosin α1 Augments CD8⁺ T-Cell Activation and Reverses Exhaustion In Vitro.
Mishra S, Telang G, Sureshbabu A … +4 more , Kulkarni S, Barage S, Kumar AWS, Singh R
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345155 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) is a thymic peptide hormone secreted by the thymus gland with known immunomodulatory properties, yet its specific effects on human CD8⁺ T-cell function remain incompletely understood. T...
BACKGROUND: Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) is a thymic peptide hormone secreted by the thymus gland with known immunomodulatory properties, yet its specific effects on human CD8⁺ T-cell function remain incompletely understood. This study investigates the influence of Tα1 on CD8⁺ T-cell proliferation, activation, cytokine secretion, and exhaustion status in vitro. METHODS: Human CD8⁺ T-cells were cultured and treated under four conditions: untreated (negative control), CD3/CD28 stimulation (positive control), Tα1 treatment, and combined CD3/CD28 + Tα1 stimulation. Proliferation was measured using carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-based flow cytometry. Surface expression of activation markers (CD69, CD25, HLA-DR) and exhaustion markers (PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3) was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokine secretion (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10) was assessed using a multiplex bead-based assay. T-cell exhaustion was induced by repeated CD3/CD28 stimulation before Tα1 treatment. RESULTS: Tα1 alone moderately increased proliferation and activation of CD8⁺ T-cells, while the combination of Tα1 and CD3/CD28 significantly enhanced the proliferation index and surface expression of CD69, CD25, and HLA-DR compared with individual treatments. Cytokine secretion of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 was elevated in the combination group, indicating enhanced effector function. In the exhaustion model, CD8⁺ T-cells exhibited overexpression of PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3, which was significantly reduced upon Tα1 treatment, suggesting a partial reversal of the exhausted phenotype. CONCLUSION: Tα1 promotes functional activation of CD8⁺ T-cells and mitigates exhaustion marker expression following chronic stimulation. These findings suggest that Tα1 could potentially serve as a supportive agent in T-cell-based immunotherapies by enhancing activation and partially reversing exhaustion in vitro, warranting further in vivo validation.
Caring Through Pain: Indonesian Families' Experiences During Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Patients.
Retnaningsih D, Nursalam N, Nihayati HE … +3 more , Efendy F, Kristiawati K, Alfiyanti D
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345154 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the lived experiences of families caring for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, focusing on the multidimensional impacts and coping mechanisms in the Indonesian cultural c...
PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the lived experiences of families caring for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, focusing on the multidimensional impacts and coping mechanisms in the Indonesian cultural context. METHOD: Using Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological approach, this qualitative study involved 20 family members of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at a government hospital in Semarang, Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews, supported by field notes and demographic questionnaires. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo software and Colaizzi's method to extract key themes and subthemes. RESULTS: Four major themes emerged: (1) information on the impact of chemotherapy, which included physical, psychological, and socioeconomic changes experienced by patients and observed by families; (2) unpreparedness to face side effects, revealing families' confusion and emotional responses due to a lack of knowledge; (3) The need for adequate information and support, highlighting the demand for clear communication and psychological guidance from healthcare providers; and (4) Hope and the meaning of being a caregiver, in which families found renewed strength, spiritual growth, and purpose throughout the caregiving journey. These findings highlight the complex emotional and social dynamics that families encounter during the cancer treatment process. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy has a profound impact not only on patients but also on their families. A lack of preparedness and insufficient support intensify emotional and practical burdens. Therefore, a culturally sensitive, family-centered nursing intervention is crucial to enhance family resilience, ensure effective caregiving, and improve overall quality of life during cancer treatment in developing countries. Such culturally sensitive, family-centered nursing support is essential to strengthen caregiver resilience, reduce burden, and improve the quality of life for both patients and families during chemotherapy.
Breast Cancer Therapy: Network Pharmacology of Several New Dithiocarbamate Complexes to Reveal Significant Target Proteins.
Irfandi R, Raya I, Pratiwi DE … +14 more , Ahmad A, Fudholi A, Kusuma WA, Fatriani R, Luthfiana D, Mazaya M, Santi S, Soekamto NH, Natsir H, Maming M, Ramlawati R, Putri SE, Kartina D, Alam MN
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345153 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study aims to identify key molecular targets and pathways of newly designed metal-dithiocarbamate peptide complexes in breast cancer using a network pharmacology approach, addressing the limited understandi...
PURPOSE: This study aims to identify key molecular targets and pathways of newly designed metal-dithiocarbamate peptide complexes in breast cancer using a network pharmacology approach, addressing the limited understanding of their systems-level mechanisms of action. METHODS: Fifteen essential metal dithiocarbamate complexes were evaluated using ADMET profiling and network pharmacology analysis. Potential protein targets were predicted using the SwissTargetPrediction and SuperPred databases, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis via STRING and topological analysis using Cytoscape. RESULTS: A total of 502 potential targets were identified, of which 21 hub proteins were extracted through network clustering. Topological analysis revealed CDK1, CCNA2, CCNB1, and CCNB2 as key hub genes with the highest degree (≥20), betweenness, and closeness centrality values. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that these targets were primarily involved in cell cycle regulation, cellular senescence, and p53 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: This study provides a system-level perspective on the potential anticancer mechanisms of metal-dithiocarbamate complexes in breast cancer. Although the findings are predictive and computational, they highlight promising molecular targets that warrant further experimental validation.
Impact of Depiction of Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) in Baseline FDG PET/CT on Progression-free Survival in Lymphoma Patients.
Zaman MU, Fatima N, Zaman S … +5 more , Ahmed A, Ahmed U, Ahmed M, Zaman A, Hashmi RF
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345152 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity seen on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) has been increasingly recognized as a potential biomarker in various cancers,...
INTRODUCTION: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity seen on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) has been increasingly recognized as a potential biomarker in various cancers, including lymphomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between posttreatment survival outcomes and BAT activity depicted in baseline FDG PET/CT scans in lymphoma patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This retrospective study was conducted at the PET/CT Section of the Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan (2019-2025). The study was granted exemption by the Ethical Review Committee (2024-10630-31016). Patients with lymphoma (Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's; HL; NHL) whose baseline FDG PET/CT revealed BAT activation were selected. FDG PET/CT scan was acquired using a standardized protocol adopted from the European Association of Nuclear Medicine Guidelines (2015). These patients were followed for a mean of 03 years (range 15-36 months) for survival outcome (progression-free survival; PFS). RESULTS: During the study period, 259 patients with lymphomas (96 HL and 163 HL) who had baseline FDG PET/CT were selected. The cohort included 75% males (n = 194) and 25% females (n = 65), with a median age of 58 years (range: 03-80). BAT activation was identified in 27% of patients (n = 69). A significant association was observed between BAT activation and higher 3-year PFS, with activated BAT patients achieving a survival rate of 78% compared to 58% in those without activation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Lymphoma patients with activated BAT depicted in their baseline FDG PET/CTs showed longer progression-free survival than those without. This study also emphasizes the need for further evaluation of BAT's role in metabolism, tumor microenvironment, and long-term prognosis in patients with lymphomas.
Awareness of Cervical Cancer, Willingness, and Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening among Women in Madurai: A Cross-Sectional Study in South India.
Bodhare T, Bele S, Rajh B … +3 more , Karthikeyan V, Jaseela S, Rajashekar H
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345151 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate rural women's knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer, their willingness to participate in cervical cancer screening, and the perceived obstacles to screening. METHODOLO...
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate rural women's knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer, their willingness to participate in cervical cancer screening, and the perceived obstacles to screening. METHODOLOGY: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, India, from February to July 2024, involving 350 women aged 25 to 65 years. Utilizing multistage random sampling, the study employed face-to-face interviews with a semi-structured questionnaire focused on knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer, as well as barriers to screening services. Data were analyzed using R programming (version 4.4.3). RESULTS: Participants had a mean age of 33.83 ± 7.56 years, with 29.1% being illiterate. Only 15.7% had undergone cervical cancer screening. Approximately 68.3% and 66.8% expressed willingness to undergo cervical cancer screening if it were free or recommended by a doctor, respectively. Major barriers to screening included fear of falling sick after screening (65.1%), lack of awareness (64.3%), and the belief that screening is unnecessary at their age (64%). Women aged 35-44 years (3.21 ± 0.49, p = 0.05, β = -0.542), those who were non-working (3.14 ± 0.50, p = 0.02, β = -0.739), illiterate (3.21 ± 0.57, p = 0.04, β = -1.093), of lower socioeconomic class (3.09 ± 0.52, p = 0.05, β = -0.883), and those who had never undergone cervical cancer screening (3.07 ± 0.52, p = 0.02, β = -0.677) had significantly lower mean knowledge scores. CONCLUSION: The research highlights significant gaps in awareness and screening among rural women in Madurai, despite a positive attitude towards screening. Low participation rates stem from educational and socioeconomic barriers. The study's regional focus may limit broader applicability, and social desirability bias may be a concern due to the use of interviewer-administered questionnaires. Enhancing the Makkalai Thedi Maruthuvam program in Tamil Nadu with targeted education and community involvement could boost awareness and screening rates.
Postoperative Abscesses in the Liver Resection Plane in Patients with a History of Biliary Tract Treatments: A Multicenter Cohort Study.
Iida H, Shinkawa H, Kosaka H … +9 more , Ueno M, Mori H, Komeda K, Yasuda S, Kinoshita M, Hayami S, Tani M, Kaibori M, Kubo S
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345150 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: The effect of previous biliary reconstruction (BR) or endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) on post-hepatectomy bile leakage and abscess formation remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the incidence...
OBJECTIVE: The effect of previous biliary reconstruction (BR) or endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) on post-hepatectomy bile leakage and abscess formation remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, clinical findings, and risk factors of postoperative abscesses in the liver resection plane in patients with such histories. METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study included 5,742 patients who underwent liver resection between 2011 and 2020 (38 with a history of BR, 44 with EST, and 5,660 with no history of biliary treatment). The incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for abscess formation, as well as factors associated with prolonged healing duration (≥45 days), were analyzed. RESULTS: Abscess formation was significantly more frequent in the BR (47.4%) and EST (25.0%) groups than in the non-BR/non-EST group (3.5%). Bile leakage was identified as an independent risk factor for abscess formation. Bile leakage and mixed infection both significantly more frequent in the BR group than in the non-BR/non-EST group were independent risk factors for prolonged healing duration. CONCLUSION: Patients with a history of BR or EST are at a higher risk of postoperative abscess formation in the liver resection plane. Bile leakage plays a critical role in both abscess development and prolonged healing.
Mammographic Microcalcifications and Breast Cancer: A Case - Control Study.
Sami MU, Saeed M, Nazeem S … +1 more , Afridi M
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345149 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Microcalcifications are among the earliest radiographic findings suggestive of breast malignancy and are often detected in women undergoing diagnostic mammography. Their association with breast cancer, indepe...
BACKGROUND: Microcalcifications are among the earliest radiographic findings suggestive of breast malignancy and are often detected in women undergoing diagnostic mammography. Their association with breast cancer, independent of other risk factors, is clinically important but not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations between mammographic microcalcifications and breast cancer risk in women undergoing diagnostic mammography. DESIGN: Case‒control study. SETTING: Breast Care Unit (BCU), Rehman Medical Institute (RMI), Peshawar, Pakistan. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred women aged 30 years and above who underwent diagnostic mammography; 150 patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer and 150 (age, menopausal status and ACR density) matched controls with normal breasts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The presence of microcalcifications on mammography. Covariates: ACR breast density, menopausal status, and age group. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated via multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Microcalcifications were significantly more common in patients (50.7%) than in controls (20.7%) and were independently associated with breast cancer (adjusted OR 5.51, 95% CI: 3.02-10.05; p<0.001). Compared with premenopausal women, perimenopausal women had the highest odds of having breast cancer (adjusted OR 14.30, 95% CI: 3.80-53.78, p<0.001), followed by postmenopausal women (adjusted OR 4.50, 95% CI: 1.74-11.63, p=0.002). The ACR breast density categories B and C were significantly associated with microcalcifications but not independently with breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Mammographic microcalcifications are strong independent predictors of breast cancer, particularly among peri- and postmenopausal women, highlighting their clinical value in risk stratification and diagnostic evaluation.
Vaporized Promises, Clouded Realities: E-cigarette Penetration, Regulation, and Cancer Prevention.
Jung M
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345148 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study examines the public health and cancer prevention implications of the rapid proliferation of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in South Korea, and discusses regulatory strategies grounded i...
OBJECTIVE: This study examines the public health and cancer prevention implications of the rapid proliferation of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in South Korea, and discusses regulatory strategies grounded in empirical evidence. METHOD: Drawing on domestic and international literature, and national statistical data, the analysis synthesizes evidence on ENDS product characteristics, patterns of use, associated health risks, potential effectiveness for smoking cessation, and indicators of nicotine dependence. A comparative policy analysis further situates Korea's tobacco control framework within the broader landscape of regulatory approaches adopted in other high-income countries. RESULTS: Although ENDS eliminate combustion and may reduce exposure to certain carcinogens, their expanding use raises substantial public health concerns particularly with respect to youth nicotine initiation, dual use with combustible cigarettes, and uncertain long-term health effects. While some evidence suggests a possible role for ENDS in smoking cessation, the overall scientific evidence remains mixed, and robust longitudinal data are limited. Regulatory responses to ENDS vary widely across countries, with South Korea maintaining a relatively cautious regulatory stance. CONCLUSION: In light of the evolving evidence base and emerging population-level risks, a comprehensive and precautionary regulatory approach is warranted with particular emphasis on protecting adolescents, ensuring product safety, and reinforcing norms that support tobacco cessation.
Medically Supervised Exercise and Inflammation in Breast Cancer Survivors with Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.
Milambo JPM
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345147 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal women with breast cancer and coexisting metabolic syndrome are at increased risk of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) and chronic systemic inflammation. Medically supervised exercise (MSE...
BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal women with breast cancer and coexisting metabolic syndrome are at increased risk of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) and chronic systemic inflammation. Medically supervised exercise (MSE) has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention to mitigate these complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of MSE on BCRL severity, inflammatory biomarkers, and quality of life (QoL) in this high-risk population. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus up to May 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving postmenopausal breast cancer survivors with metabolic syndrome who participated in MSE programs. Outcomes of interest included BCRL severity, inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α), and QoL. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 statistic, and evidence quality was evaluated using GRADE. RESULTS: Fifteen RCTs (n = 1,197) were included. MSE significantly reduced systemic inflammatory markers (mean difference = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.57; P = 0.02) with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 50.4%). Subgroup analyses showed moderate-quality evidence for reductions in IL-6 and TNF-α, though results varied across studies. Evidence for CRP reduction was very low due to high heterogeneity and risk of bias. Improvements in QoL and reductions in lymphedema volume were also reported in several studies. CONCLUSIONS: MSE appears effective in reducing systemic inflammation and improving QoL among postmenopausal breast cancer survivors with metabolic syndrome. However, evidence for specific biomarkers remains limited. Further high-quality, standardized RCTs are needed, especially in underrepresented regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, to guide global implementation of MSE in cancer rehabilitation.
Comparing the Recurrence Patterns of Reduced-Margins vs. RTOG-Protocol in Adjuvant Chemoradiation of High-Grade Gliomas: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial.
Anvari K, Javadinia SA, Fazilatpanah D … +6 more , Esmaily H, Aledavood SA, Shahidsales S, Ganjeifar B, Dayani M, Rabiei P
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345146 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy following maximal-safe resection is a cornerstone of treatment for high-grade gliomas (HGGs). However, the optimal clinical target volume (CTV) margin remains controversial. This study aimed to e...
BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy following maximal-safe resection is a cornerstone of treatment for high-grade gliomas (HGGs). However, the optimal clinical target volume (CTV) margin remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and recurrence patterns associated with a reduced CTV margin in patients with HGGs, compared to standard RTOG-based planning. METHODS: In this multicenter, phase III randomized clinical trial, patients aged 18-75 years with newly diagnosed WHO-grade 3 or 4 gliomas were randomly assigned to receive adjuvant radiotherapy with either a standard 2-cm clinical target volume (CTV) margin (control group) or a reduced 1-cm margin (intervention group). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), while the secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and patterns of recurrence. RESULTS: A total of 258 patients were enrolled, of whom 75.6% had grade 4 gliomas. After a median follow-up of 14.5 months, median PFS was 15 ± 1.25 months in the intervention group but it was 19 ± 2.71 months in the control group (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.32; 95% CI, 0.93-1.87; p = 0.121). Median OS was 22.0 ± 2.98 months in the intervention group, while it was not reached in the control group (HR = 1.52; 95% CI, 0.99-2.33; p = 0.057). Imaging progression occurred in 35% of patients in the intervention group and 32.2% in the control group (p = 0.637). In-field recurrence was the predominant pattern in both groups (84% vs. 83.8%; p = 0.829), with no significant increase in marginal or out-of-field failures associated with margin reduction. CONCLUSION: Reducing the clinical target volume (CTV) margin from 2 cm to 1 cm in the adjuvant radiotherapy of high-grade gliomas did not significantly affect progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), or recurrence patterns. These findings support the feasibility and safety of margin reduction, even in settings where three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) is the primary technique.
Association of PARP1 SNP (rs1136410) with Brain Tumor Risk: Insights from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Gul S, Ali S, Nouman M … +7 more , Rehman AU, Khan S, Hussain S, Afzal S, Ali H, Ashraf M, Anwar N
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345145 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Brain tumors are among the most complex and life-threatening malignancies, with limited understanding of their genetic etiology. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays a critical role in DNA repair. The...
BACKGROUND: Brain tumors are among the most complex and life-threatening malignancies, with limited understanding of their genetic etiology. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays a critical role in DNA repair. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1136410 (A>G) in PARP1, which results in a Val762Ala substitution, has been suggested to alter PARP1 enzymatic activity and potentially influence tumor development. However, its association with brain tumors remains underexplored particularly in the population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. METHODS: In this study, we enrolled 200 patients with brain tumors, along with an additional 200 individuals as controls. DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform method, followed by genotyping through the Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR). Statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism. RESULTS: The genotypic distribution of rs1136410 in brain tumor patients and healthy individuals indicates that this SNP is significantly associated with brain tumors (Chi-square = 13.24, df = 2, p = 0.0013). The AA genotype was associated with a 77% increased risk of overall brain tumors (OR = 1.77, p = 0.0065), an 88% increased risk of glioma (OR = 1.88, p = 0.0159), and a 2.9-fold increased risk of meningioma (OR = 2.91, p = 0.0073). In contrast, the GG genotype was associated with a 63% decreased risk of overall brain tumors (OR = 0.37, p = 0.0011), an 84% decreased risk of glioma (OR = 0.26, p = 0.0019), and an 80% decreased risk of meningioma (OR = 0.21, p = 0.0217). Similarly, the A allele was associated with an increased risk of brain tumors (OR = 1.88, p = 0.0065), whereas the G allele was associated with a decreased risk (OR = 0.53, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that rs1136410 is significantly associated with brain tumor risk particularly with the glioma and meningioma subtypes underscoring the role of PARP1 in brain tumor genetics and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Rapid Psychosocial Screening Instruments for Cancer Patients: A Scoping Review of Measurement Tools and Psychometric Evidence.
Maryati I, Susanti RD, Hernawaty T … +5 more , Suryani S, Maharani AY, Syafaat FA, Sundari NF, Aisyah TS
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Jun · PMID 42345144 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study aimed to map and synthesize available screening instruments for detecting psychosocial problems in cancer patients. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's framework. L...
PURPOSE: This study aimed to map and synthesize available screening instruments for detecting psychosocial problems in cancer patients. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect using predefined keywords, focusing on English-language, full-text, and quantitative studies. Data extraction included study characteristics (title, author, year, objectives, design, sample) and key findings on the validation and application of screening tools. A thematic analysis was performed by two independent reviewers, with discrepancies resolved through discussion, to compare psychometric properties, clinical feasibility, and the scope of detection across instruments. RESULTS: Of 18,225 records identified 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Fourteen screening instruments were identified, including the DT, HADS, PHQ-2, PHQ-9, GAD-7, ESAS, PROMIS Depression Short Form, MAX-PC, DADDS, STAI-S, PHQ-ADS, MADRS-S, e-VAS, and DART. The analysis generated three major themes: (1) psychometric strength (validity and reliability), (2) clinical feasibility (time efficiency, ease of use, applicability across cancer populations), and (3) scope of detection (range of psychosocial problems identified, such as depression, anxiety, general distress, and death anxiety). CONCLUSION: Several rapid screening instruments demonstrate strong psychometric properties and clinical applicability for detecting psychosocial problems in cancer patients. Future research should focus on integrating the most effective tools into oncology practice and on developing a rapid, comprehensive instrument tailored to clinical needs, thereby enhancing early detection and psychosocial care.
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