Asian Pacific Journal Of Cancer Prevention[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Tobacco Generational Endgame Scenarios in Malaysia: A Comparison of a Total Ban versus Smokeless-Only Policies.
Wan Puteh SE, Binti Ruslan NF
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 May · PMID 42169566 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The use of tobacco products is associated with the treatment costs of lung-related diseases. The Tobacco Generational Endgame (GEG) strategy can improve efficiency in managing medical costs. METHODS: Three...
INTRODUCTION: The use of tobacco products is associated with the treatment costs of lung-related diseases. The Tobacco Generational Endgame (GEG) strategy can improve efficiency in managing medical costs. METHODS: Three GEG scenarios were identified. In Scenario 1, the GEG policy was not implemented. Scenario 2 prohibited the use of all tobacco products. Scenario 3 allowed only smokeless tobacco products. Secondary data obtained from the Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia were analysed using the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) and sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: In 2019, the Ministry of Health (MOH) spent MYR 71,527,032.50 on the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and MYR 38,112,229.30 on lung cancer. The estimated annual cost for the Tobacco Control Programme was MYR 142,389,194.40. Analysis shows that Scenario 3 is the most cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study can serve as a guide for the government in formulating policies that maximise the benefits of GEG implementation.
Comparative Analysis of Quality of Cell Collected from the Cervix: Conventional versus Liquid-Based Cytology.
Curi FSA, Campaner AB, De Sica ACAR
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 May · PMID 42169565 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To compare the qualitative and quantitative differences in several cell types between conventional cytology and liquid-based cytology samples in patients diagnosed with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neo...
OBJECTIVES: To compare the qualitative and quantitative differences in several cell types between conventional cytology and liquid-based cytology samples in patients diagnosed with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. METHODS: A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted with 84 female patients at Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo Hospital (São Paulo, Brazil) between May 2019 and November 2020. Patients who underwent colposcopy-guided biopsy and were subsequently diagnosed with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were included in this study. After the patients' selection, relevant information, conventional cytology, and liquid-based cytology samples were collected in the same session. RESULTS: Liquid-based cytology presented less neutrophilic infiltrate and a clean background, when compared to conventional cytology. We observed a larger amount of cell types (mature, basal, metaplastic, endocervical cells) in conventional cytology when compared to liquid-based cytology, with statistically significant results in all four cell types. We also observed a concordance rate of 90.6% in the cytological diagnosis between conventional and liquid-based cytologies. CONCLUSION: Even though we found a greater amount of cells in conventional cytology, the diagnostic accuracy of both cytologies is similar. Therefore, in places in where conventional cytology is employed as the main screening method, a proper diagnosis is achieved.
AOGIN India Policy Statement on the Use of HPV Vaccination for Cervical Cancer Elimination.
Balasubramani L, Nayak B, Singh N … +3 more , Singhal S, Thomas V, Bhatla N
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 May · PMID 42169564 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Nearly one-fifth of the worldwide burden of cancer-related deaths among Indian women is attributable to cervical cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) mandates that 90% of adolescent girls receive the HP...
OBJECTIVE: Nearly one-fifth of the worldwide burden of cancer-related deaths among Indian women is attributable to cervical cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) mandates that 90% of adolescent girls receive the HPV vaccine by age 15 to achieve cervical cancer elimination. Integrating the HPV vaccine into the Universal Immunization Program is necessary to accomplish this in India. METHOD: To provide clarity on HPV vaccination dosage, schedules, and delivery methods, AOGIN India has developed this policy statement based on the most recent evidence from both India and around the world, including data from single-dose efficacy trials. RESULT: To facilitate the rapid and efficient expansion of vaccination, this document offers evidence-based recommendations for health care professionals, policymakers, and program managers. CONCLUSION: AOGIN India is the national chapter of the Asia Oceania Research Organization in Genital Infection & Neoplasia, working to promote education, training, community-based interventions, and research for cervical cancer prevention. This policy statement aims to reduce disparities in access to HPV vaccination and accelerate India's progress toward the WHO's 90-70-90 elimination targets by translating scientific evidence into context-specific guidelines.
Optimizing Care Trajectories with Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Ben Khizzou N, Aarabe M, Alla L … +1 more , Benjelloun A
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 May · PMID 42169563 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to provide a critical and comprehensive summary of existing research on the effectiveness of AI-assisted care pathways by analyzing their impact on hospital stays and readmissions. METHOD: This...
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to provide a critical and comprehensive summary of existing research on the effectiveness of AI-assisted care pathways by analyzing their impact on hospital stays and readmissions. METHOD: This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, which specify the selection and analysis steps from the outset. The search strategy targeted three international databases: Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and PubMed (Medline). The inclusion criteria focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), before-and-after studies, quasi-experimental studies, longitudinal studies, and literature reviews involving hospitalized patients without age or pathology restrictions, provided that their care was based on the "clinical pathway" method. Studies that did not meet these criteria were excluded. A PRISMA diagram illustrates the systematic selection process, which resulted in the selection of 31 studies. Data extraction was performed using a structured methodology to ensure the validity and comparability of the results. The description of random sequence generation processes was adequate in 24 studies, partially addressed in five studies, and insufficient in two studies. This limits the ability to assess the risk of bias. RESULTS: With regard to economic outcomes, such as length of stay and readmission, most studies [reported] positive effects associated with AI-assisted pathways. The Covidence tool (version 101) was used for the selection and extraction of data on the 18 studies analyzing pathways, AI, length of stay, and readmission. Group analyses indicated that the implementation of clinical protocols incorporating AI optimized care without increasing readmission rates or length of stay. CONCLUSION: However, the limited number and heterogeneity of studies on the application of artificial intelligence currently prevent the establishment of a universal framework for the implementation of AI-assisted clinical protocols.
Long-Term Quality-of-Life Outcomes After Endoscopic Resection of Sinonasal and Skull Base Tumours: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Gupta B, Singh R, Verma P … +3 more , Gupta K, Datta G, Mittal A
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 May · PMID 42169562 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The present meta-analysis and systematic review aims to address the gap by examining long-term quality-of-life outcomes following endoscopic resection of sinonasal and skull base tumours. Materials and proc...
INTRODUCTION: The present meta-analysis and systematic review aims to address the gap by examining long-term quality-of-life outcomes following endoscopic resection of sinonasal and skull base tumours. Materials and procedures: We searched databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar for research publications published between 2005 and 2024, following the PRISMA guidelines. R software was used to perform the meta-analysis, and Cochrane's ROB 2.0 tool was employed to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The I² statistic was used to evaluate heterogeneity. A funnel plot, along with Egger's regression test, was used to assess publication bias. RESULTS: The meta-analysis showed that quality of life (QOL) typically declined shortly after surgery, with a statistically significant worsening indicated by the SNOT-22 score (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.49; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.96) and a non-significant change on the ASBQ score (SMD -2.72; 95% CI: -10.93 to 5.49). However, results from the SNOT-20 score suggested a non-significant immediate improvement (SMD -4.70; 95% CI: -23.95 to 14.55). In the long term, patients experienced a clear and statistically significant overall improvement in QOL (p < 0.01), reflected by reductions in SNOT-22 (SMD -0.23; 95% CI: -0.61 to 0.14) and SNOT-20 scores (SMD -5.46; 95% CI: -26.93 to 16.02), alongside an increase in ASBQ scores (SMD 0.77; 95% CI: -2.18 to 3.71). CONCLUSION: Endoscopic resection of sinonasal and skull base tumours significantly improves postoperative sinonasal quality-of-life (QOL) symptoms. Although symptoms may temporarily worsen during the perioperative period, most patients generally return to baseline QOL in the long term.
Corticoids Reduce Incidence of Oral Mucositis during Antineoplastic Treatment? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Nonrandomized Clinical Trials.
Silva Marques Araújo AB, Barbosa JV, Vieira Barreto GA … +4 more , Julião Costa GA, Fontes Borges Franco MM, Barros Silva PG, Nóbrega Malta CE
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 May · PMID 42169561 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Oral mucositis (OM) is a serious complication of antineoplastic therapy and its clinical presentation can range from small erythematous lesions to large, debilitating ulcerative areas. This adverse effect res...
BACKGROUND: Oral mucositis (OM) is a serious complication of antineoplastic therapy and its clinical presentation can range from small erythematous lesions to large, debilitating ulcerative areas. This adverse effect results from the non-specificity of chemotherapeutic agents. This study aims to determine whether corticosteroid protocols reduce the incidence or severity of OM during antineoplastic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This PROSPERO registered systematic review (CRD42023442448) searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, EBSCOhost, LIVIVO, Embase, and the gray literature. RoB-2 and ROBINS-I were used to assess the risk of bias (RoB), and a meta-analysis was performed evaluating the incidence or severity of OM. GRADE-pro analyzed the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS: Of the 1795 articles, 5 RCTs and three n-RCTs were included, involving 718 patients, 255 men and 463 women distributed among 379 patients in the intervention groups and 339 patients in the control groups. High heterogeneity and low publication RoB were identified. The topical application of corticosteroids did not impair OM incidence (p=0.860). However, the systemic application of corticosteroids resulted in a reduction of 0.44 (CI95% = 0.29 to 0.66) times (p<0.001). There is no significant risk of publication bias (p=0.881). In the meta-analysis of OM severity, topical (p=0.280) or systemic (p=0.270) application did not show a significant reduction in the MO scores; there was no significant heterogeneity (p=0.940, I²=0%), and leave-one-out analysis demonstrated that removing individual study results did not alter this outcome. GRADE showed moderate certainty for both OM incidence and severity. Inconsistency and imprecision were low to moderate, and the risk of publication bias was low. CONCLUSION: High doses of systemic corticosteroids demonstrate clinical benefits in controlling OM, while the topical use requires further investigation, particularly with high-potency formulations.
Functional analysis of a splicing variant of the DOCK8 gene in a patient with breast cancer (Buryat ethnicity).
Gervas P, Salakhov R, Molokov A … +9 more , Karpova Y, Babyshkina N, Buldakov M, Tsyganov M, Molonova L, Zarubin A, Wang L, Choynzonov E, Cherdyntseva N
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 May · PMID 42169560 · Publisher ↗
BRCA1/2 founder mutation have been detected in various populations and ethnicities. Molecular diagnosis of HBOC remains challenging for populations where founder mutations have not yet been identified. There are limited...
BRCA1/2 founder mutation have been detected in various populations and ethnicities. Molecular diagnosis of HBOC remains challenging for populations where founder mutations have not yet been identified. There are limited data on hereditary BC mutations in ethnic groups of Siberia. The purpose of this study was to find new hereditary breast cancer (BC) variants in the understudied Buryat ethnic group by using WES data and DNA construct for their subsequent validation.<br /><br />Methods: Our study included a 52-year-old Buryat BC patient with a family history of BC (sister with BC). To identify novel as well as previously described variants, obtained by WES, we used the OpenCRAVAT mutation impact scoring algorithm (comprehensive knowledge base). For variants requiring further study, the DNA construct method was used. <br /><br />Result: According to WES data, no pathogenic variants were found in a 52-year-old Buryat BC patient with a family history of BC. The patient was found to have rare variants of unknown significance (MLH1 c.C550T:p.R184C and FANCI c.A1111G:p.S371G) and c.986C>T DOCK8 gene variant (as secondary findings). In silico analysis indicated that only c.986C>T variant of DOCK8 gene may affect splicing (a key immunity gene could act as a tumor suppressor). Electrophoresis of PCR fragments obtained using cDNA as a template showed that in the presence of the c.986C>T variant, the length of the PCR product was 60 bp less than in the case of the reference sequence of this region. <br /><br />Conclusion: We suggest that the combined carriage of the c.A1111G mutation of the FANCI gene and c.986C>T DOCK8 gene identified in this patient may likely increase the risk of developing BC. Our functional data indicate a potential impact c.986C>T variant of the DOCK8 gene on splicing. The role of the c.986C>T variant in BC pathogenesis and its prevalence in Buryats ethnic group remain to be elucidated.
Histopathological and Molecular Insights into Viral Oncogenesis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Buch A, Chavan M, Prasad P … +2 more , Londhe M, Raut C
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 May · PMID 42169559 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy of the oral cavity, commonly associated with the consumption of tobacco and alcohol. However, emerging evidence also implicates oncogenic viruses...
BACKGROUND: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy of the oral cavity, commonly associated with the consumption of tobacco and alcohol. However, emerging evidence also implicates oncogenic viruses in its pathogenesis. Understanding the relationship between histopathological features and viral presence is critical for improving diagnostic and treatment approaches. OBJECTIVES: To explore the histopathological features of OSCC and their correlation with oncogenic viruses. METHODS: Eleven excision specimens of biopsy-proven OSCC were subjected to histopathological examination. Fresh tumor tissues, sampled intraoperatively, were sent for RTPCR-based qualitative detection of oncogenic viruses. RESULTS: Nine of the eleven cases (81.8%) showed an association with oncogenic viruses. The mean age of patients was 51.4 years, with a male predominance. HPV was detected in one case; herpesviruses were found in six cases, with EBV being the most prevalent (n = 5); and non-herpes viruses were identified in four cases, with B19V being the most prevalent (n = 3). Viral co-infections were noted in three cases. All tumors were unifocal SCC, classified as Grade 1 (n = 5) or Grade 2 (n = 4). Pathologic staging revealed pT4 and pT2 in three cases each. Nodal metastasis was observed in two co-infected cases. CONCLUSION: The detection of viruses in OSCC samples emphasizes the possible role of oncogenic viruses in tumorigenesis. It also suggests that advanced stages of the disease may be associated with co-infection, highlighting the importance of viral screening. The histo-molecular correlations indicate a complex interaction between viral presence and tumor pathology, underscoring the need for studies with larger sample sizes to better interpret the mechanisms of viral oncogenesis and inform targeted interventions.
Comment on: Introduction of the HPV Vaccine among Young Girls to Reduce the Long-Term Risk of Cervical Cancer in Eswatini.
Rattanapitoon SK, Thanchonnang C, Rattanapitoon NK
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 May · PMID 42169558 · Publisher ↗
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Physiological Investigation of Sap-AgNPs' Cytotoxic and Gene-Modulatory Effects in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Alawadi AIM, Al-Muswie RT, Alhamadani AH
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Apr · PMID 41945972 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: One of the most prevalent oral cancers, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is distinguished by its rapid growth, invasiveness, and high metastatic potential. Green AgNPs are important because they can reduc...
BACKGROUND: One of the most prevalent oral cancers, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is distinguished by its rapid growth, invasiveness, and high metastatic potential. Green AgNPs are important because they can reduce systemic toxicity by inducing oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis in cancer cells. The goal of this study was to use saponins as natural stabilizers to create AgNPs, and the detrimental apoptotic effects on cancer cells were examined using high-content screening (HCS) assays such as TNI, CMP, and VCC. METHODS: The size and distribution of AgNPs were determined using saponins as natural reducing and stabilizing agents, respectively. The cytotoxic effects on OSCC-25 cells were assessed using the MTT assay, alongside real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to identify changes in gene expression associated with apoptosis. High-content screening (HCS) was used to confirm the induction of apoptosis and to measure concentration-dependent changes in several cellular parameters. All statistical analyses were performed for each experiment. RESULTS: The results showed that the average diameter of the generated nanoparticles was 75.87 ± 15.69 nm, facilitating cellular uptake due to their narrow size distribution. Saponin-induced AgNPs significantly increased cytotoxicity and cancer cell death in OSCC-25 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, treatment with 125 and 500 μg/mL resulted in a significant decrease in fluorescence intensity (p < 0.05). However, doses of 250 μg/mL and 1000 μg/mL had no significant effects. RT-qPCR analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression of IL1R, highlighting its role in apoptotic signaling. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the combination of the bioactive properties of saponins with the inherent cytotoxicity of AgNPs has therapeutic potential against oral squamous cell carcinoma. These results support the need for future preclinical and clinical studies and highlight the promise of integrating natural compounds with nanotechnology to develop safer and more effective anticancer therapies.
Missed Opportunities in Cervical Cancer Prevention: Knowledge and Screening Practices Among Women with Hemoglobinopathies in Greece.
Papagiannakou V, Fradelos EC, Dimitriadou I … +4 more , Saridi M, Sarafis P, Mourtou E, Toska A
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Apr · PMID 41945971 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Women with hemoglobinopathies represent a chronically ill population with frequent healthcare contact, yet limited integration into preventive health programs. Despite the proven effectiveness of HPV vaccinat...
BACKGROUND: Women with hemoglobinopathies represent a chronically ill population with frequent healthcare contact, yet limited integration into preventive health programs. Despite the proven effectiveness of HPV vaccination and screening, cervical cancer remains a preventable cause of both morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To assess the levels of knowledge, awareness, and adherence to cervical cancer prevention and screening practices among women with hemoglobinopathies in Greece. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 202 women with thalassemia or sickle cell disease, attending a tertiary hospital's Hemoglobinopathy Unit in Athens between December 2023 and March 2024. Data were collected using the validated Cervical Cancer Knowledge and Prevention Questionnaire (CCKP-64) and analyzed with SPSS 25, using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Nearly all participants were aware of cervical cancer (98.5%), the Pap test (99.0%), and the HPV vaccine (96.5%). However, only 6.5% were vaccinated against HPV, while 75.2% underwent annual Pap screening. Higher adherence to screening was associated with younger age (p = 0.009), employment status (p = 0.032), and higher income (p = 0.049). Knowledge regarding risk factors was moderate, with 58.4% recognizing HPV infection as the main cause. The most frequent reason for non-compliance was negligence (14.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite adequate awareness of cervical cancer and good adherence to Pap testing, HPV vaccination rates remain strikingly low among women with hemoglobinopathies. This highlights missed opportunities to integrate HPV vaccination and education into chronic disease management. Tailored preventive strategies and continuous awareness campaigns are essential to achieving the WHO's 2030 cervical cancer elimination goals.
The Trade-Offs that Vietnamese Women Make in Early Detection Services for Breast Cancer: Insights from a Discrete Choice Experiment Using a Latent Class Model.
Tran VQ, Le Dang VC, Ta Ngoc PA … +5 more , Phan Nguyen TV, Ngo Hoang YN, Phung TL, Ho Nguyen AT, Vo TQ
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Apr · PMID 41945970 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Delays in diagnosis and treatment are common among Vietnamese breast cancer (BC) patients. This study analyzed women's preferences regarding breast cancer screening (BCS) programs and mammography screening...
INTRODUCTION: Delays in diagnosis and treatment are common among Vietnamese breast cancer (BC) patients. This study analyzed women's preferences regarding breast cancer screening (BCS) programs and mammography screening to support the government in implementing population-based BCS. METHODS: We conducted literature reviews, focus group discussions, and qualitative interviews to develop the attributes and levels of a discrete choice experiment (DCE) involving [breast cancer screening (BCS) programs and mammography screening. The BCS program included] seven attributes (screening test staff's gender, method of invitation, free breast self-exam course, waiting time, combined screening test, screening location, and cost), and mammography screening included five attributes (comfort level, screening test staff's gender, false positives, overdiagnosis, and cost). The choice data were analyzed using a latent class model. Uptake was predicted, and policy scenarios were formulated. RESULTS: A total of 1,023 women, with an average age of 33.4 years, completed the DCE survey. In the BCS scenario, respondents in all classes preferred a combination of screening tests and lower costs, except for the smallest class of participants. Screening location and waiting time were influential components in decision-making for all women. Most participants were sensitive to organizational characteristics and costs. In the mammography screening scenario, respondents' preferences were strongly influenced by the gender of screening test personnel, false positives, and costs across all classes. CONCLUSION: Women in Vietnam exhibit heterogeneous preferences for breast cancer screening (BCS) programs and mammography screening. This study provides supporting evidence related to Vietnamese women's preferences for BCS, which may be valuable for public health authorities.
Prediction Score of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade II or Higher (CIN2+) in Patients with Low-Grade Cytology (ASC-US, LSIL) and HPV- Negative or Non-type 16/18 High-Risk HPV-Positive Results.
Yutyuenyong S, Punyashthira A, Poomtavorn Y … +1 more , Suwannarurk K
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Apr · PMID 41945969 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the risk factors with the greatest impact on the development of CIN2+ in patients with low-grade cytology and either HPV-negative or high-risk HPV-positive (n...
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the risk factors with the greatest impact on the development of CIN2+ in patients with low-grade cytology and either HPV-negative or high-risk HPV-positive (non-16/18) results. The secondary aim was to develop and validate a multiparameter, risk-based prediction system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Thammasat University Hospital between January 2021 and December 2024. Women who underwent cervical cancer screening and had a report of low-grade cytological abnormalities (ASC-US or LSIL), with either non-16/18 high-risk HPV infection or a negative HPV test, were included. RESULTS: A total of 480 participants were included. The mean age of participants was 40.7 years. The prevalence of CIN2+ was 15.6% (75/480). The predictive model was developed by incorporating six factors: having three or more deliveries, six or more lifetime sexual partners, smoking, no cervical screening within five years, lack of HPV vaccination, and high-risk HPV positivity (non-16/18). Subjects with a score of 5 or more out of 14 points were classified as high-risk and recommended to undergo colposcopy within four weeks. The model demonstrated a sensitivity of 97.3% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.6%. CONCLUSION: The risk factors for CIN2+ included having three or more deliveries, six or more lifetime sexual partners, smoking, no cervical screening within the past five years, lack of HPV vaccination, and high-risk HPV positivity (non-16/18). The predictive model demonstrated a sensitivity of 97.3% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.6%.
Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Distinct Oncogenic Profiles of HPV-16 and HPT-18 to Other Subtypes in Cervical Cancer.
Winata IGS, Syofyan SD, Syofyan JF … +9 more , Santoso RC, Purnomo NJ, Wardhana EEP, Setiawan E, Purwodiningrat H, Yuwono F, Pusparani NA, Pramanda IMKP, Nathalia J
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Apr · PMID 41945968 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: HPV types 16 and 18 are associated with 70% of invasive cervical cancers. Between these two types of HPV, HPV type 16 is more commonly found in cervical cancer patients, whereas HPV type 18 is less frequently...
BACKGROUND: HPV types 16 and 18 are associated with 70% of invasive cervical cancers. Between these two types of HPV, HPV type 16 is more commonly found in cervical cancer patients, whereas HPV type 18 is less frequently reported. Currently, the molecular mechanism underlying the increased cancer risk in HPV type 16, compared to HPV type 18, has not yet been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to identify the factors that make HPV type 16 the primary contributor to cervical cancer by comparing gene expression profiles with those of HPV type 18. METHOD: The examination began after obtaining the RNA sequencing dataset (GSE192897). The dataset's genes were then analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the GEO2R tool. With the help of Enrichr and SRplot tools, the DEGs were first enriched and analyzed through Gene Ontology (GO), GeDiPNet, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Finally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using Cytoscape, and the top ten hub genes were ranked with the help of CytoHubba. RESULT: DEG analysis revealed 128 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 14 upregulated and 114 downregulated genes. The upregulated genes were associated with positive regulation of interferon-beta production, vesicle-related processes, endopeptidase inhibitor activity, and interferon-gamma signaling. The downregulated genes were linked to positive regulation of cell motility, the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, cytokine activity, and signal transduction. DISCUSSION: There are several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HPV type 16 compared to type 18; these upregulated genes may potentially play a role in promoting cervical cancer development more significantly than HPV type 18. These DEGs underscore the urgency of implementing HPV genotyping tests to identify HPV types with higher cervical cancer prevalence. CONCLUSION: This analysis identified BUB1, DLGAP5, and ASPM as key genes specifically expressed in HPV-16/18-related cervical cancer, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for prognosis and disease progression.
The Interplay of CD8+ TILs and Microvascular Density: A Novel Prognostic Indicator in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma.
Trianto HF, Mastutik G, Suprabawati DGA … +1 more , Mahyarudin M
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Apr · PMID 41945967 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of CD8⁺ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8⁺ TILs), microvascular density (MVD), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with the TNM (Tumor-N...
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of CD8⁺ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8⁺ TILs), microvascular density (MVD), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with the TNM (Tumor-Node-Metastasis) stage, as well as to analyze their interrelationships in colorectal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 50 FFPE samples of colorectal adenocarcinoma from the Laboratory of Anatomical Pathology at Dr. Soedarso Hospital. Microvascular density (MVD) was assessed on hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) slides, while CD8⁺ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8⁺ TILs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Correlation analysis was conducted between the biomarkers and the TNM stage, including its components depth of tumor invasion, lymph node status, and distant metastasis using the Chi-square test. Spearman's correlation was used to assess the relationships among CD8⁺ TILs, MVD, and VEGF. RESULTS: High CD8⁺ TILs expression was significantly associated with negative lymph node status (p = 0.047; OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.098-1.001), absence of distant metastasis (p = 0.008; OR = 0.130, 95% CI = 0.025-0.680), and low TNM stage (p = 0.011; OR = 0.221, 95% CI = 0.067-0.727). The distribution of high MVD was correlated with deeper tumor invasion (p = 0.004; OR = 9.036, 95% CI = 1.741-46.890), positive lymph node status (p < 0.001; OR = 10.286, 95% CI = 2.768-38.215), and high TNM stage (p = 0.002; OR = 6.612, 95% CI = 1.924-22.728). High expression of VEGF showed a significant correlation with deeper tumor invasion (p = 0.036; OR = 0.675, 95% CI = 0.544-0.837). Spearman's test revealed a negative correlation between CD8⁺ TILs and MVD (r = -0.280, p = 0.049), and a positive correlation between MVD and VEGF (r = 0.303, p = 0.032). CONCLUSION: High CD8⁺ TILs and low MVD are favorable prognostic factors in colorectal adenocarcinoma, whereas increased MVD and VEGF expression indicate tumor aggressiveness and enhanced angiogenesis. The combination of immune and angiogenic biomarkers with TNM staging could improve prognostic evaluation in colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Oncological Outcomes and Risk Factors for Local Recurrence and Distant Metastasis After Upfront Surgery in cT3 Rectal Cancer With an Uninvolved Circumferential Resection Margin on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Hung TX, Vi VT, Thinh NH
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Apr · PMID 41945966 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate oncological outcomes and potential risk factors for local recurrence (LR) and distant metastasis (DM) after upfront surgery in patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined cT3 rectal canc...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate oncological outcomes and potential risk factors for local recurrence (LR) and distant metastasis (DM) after upfront surgery in patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined cT3 rectal cancer, with an uninvolved circumferential resection margin (mrCRM) and no extramural vascular invasion (EMVI), in a Vietnamese cohort. METHODS: A single-center, retrospective-prospective cohort of 144 patients who met these criteria and underwent upfront curative surgery between January 2018 and April 2022 was analyzed. The cumulative incidences of LR and DM were estimated. Univariate Cox regression and penalized regression models (Ridge and LASSO least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) were applied to explore potential risk factors. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 56 months, LR occurred in 7 patients (4.9%), with 3-, 5-, and 7-year cumulative rates of 3.6%, 5.3%, and 5.3%, respectively. LR was most consistently associated with mesorectal violation, while anastomotic leakage and involved pathological circumferential resection margin (pCRM) showed less stable associations. DM occurred in 15 patients (10.4%), with cumulative incidences of 8.5%, 11.6%, and 11.6% at 3, 5, and 7 years, respectively. Stage III patients had significantly higher DM rates compared with stage II (p = 0.009). Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ≥ 5 ng/mL and pathological nodal positivity (pN+) were the most consistent predictors of DM, while mesorectal violation and involved pCRM appeared as secondary contributors. CONCLUSION: Upfront surgery yielded favorable outcomes in selected low-risk cT3 rectal cancer patients. Mesorectal violation was most consistently associated with LR, though estimates were limited by the small number of events. DM appeared to be primarily driven by tumor biology (CEA and pN), with mesorectal violation and involved pCRM as possible secondary factors. These findings warrant validation in larger prospective cohorts.
A Qualitative Study of Strength, Hope, and Meaning: Multi-Stakeholder Perspectives on Spiritual Care for Breast Cancer.
Su HM, Ismail S, Prasetyo A
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Apr · PMID 41945965 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To explore the multi-stakeholder experiences of spiritual care for breast cancer patients from the perspectives of patients, families, medical personnel, and religious leaders. METHODS: This qualitative descri...
OBJECTIVE: To explore the multi-stakeholder experiences of spiritual care for breast cancer patients from the perspectives of patients, families, medical personnel, and religious leaders. METHODS: This qualitative descriptive study employed Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis. A purposive sample of 20 participants (five patients, five family members, five medical personnel, and five religious leaders) was recruited in Semarang, Indonesia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and field notes between January and April 2025, and analyzed using NVivo 12. Credibility was ensured through source triangulation, member checking, peer debriefing, and audit trail procedures. RESULTS: Four themes emerged. First, spirituality was identified as a source of strength and hope, reflected in practices such as repeated prayer recitations that helped patients cope with treatment-related fear. Second, the family served as a pillar of spiritual support, illustrated by joint family prayers that reduced chemotherapy-related distress and motivated treatment adherence. Third, spiritual care was integrated by medical personnel, including simple practices such as offering space for prayer or initiating brief spiritual discussions despite time constraints. Fourth, religious leaders played a role in reinforcing meaning, shown through personalized guidance that helped patients reinterpret illness as a meaningful life test. CONCLUSION: Effective spiritual care requires the coordinated engagement from families, medical personnel, and religious leaders. Practical implications include the need for training in spiritual care for healthcare providers and the structured collaboration among families and religious leaders. This study is limited by its single-region setting and relatively homogeneous religious background. Future studies should evaluate structured spiritual care interventions longitudinally.
Thyroid Cancer and Precancerous Morbidity After Nuclear Fallout: Long-Term Cohort Study Near the Semipalatinsk Test Site.
Massabayeva MR, Apsalikov KN, Brait YY … +3 more , Tokanov AM, Konovalova FV, Lipikhina AV
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Apr · PMID 41945964 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Populations living near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS) in Kazakhstan were chronically exposed to low-to-moderate doses of ionizing radiation due to atmospheric nuclear testing (1949-1962). While t...
BACKGROUND: Populations living near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS) in Kazakhstan were chronically exposed to low-to-moderate doses of ionizing radiation due to atmospheric nuclear testing (1949-1962). While the effects of acute exposures are well documented, data on long-term endocrine outcomes in chronically exposed adults remain limited. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate thyroid and metabolic morbidity and its association with reconstructed radiation dose in a long-term adult cohort exposed to fallout. METHODS: This cohort study included 3,240 individuals who underwent thyroid ultrasound screening between 1998 and 2002. Thyroid doses were reconstructed individually using a fallout-specific dosimetric model based on age, diet, and geographic location across 125 nuclear tests. Endocrine outcomes were assessed through ICD-10 diagnoses and follow-up surveys in 2023-2024. Associations between dose and endocrine morbidity were analyzed using logistic regression, adjusted for sex, age at exposure, smoking, obesity, parity, and hormone therapy. RESULTS: By 2024, 1,099 individuals (33.9%) were alive. Among them, 63% reported thyroid disease, 33% had received hormone therapy, and 2% had undergone surgery. Verified endocrine diagnoses were identified in 712 individuals (21.9%), including non-toxic diffuse goiter (28.1%), multinodular goiter (19.5%), and single nodular goiter (7.9%). Thyroid dose was positively associated with endocrine morbidity (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.22-1.65; p < 0.001). Female sex, early exposure, obesity, and smoking were also significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Decades after fallout exposure, thyroid and metabolic disorders remain prevalent in affected populations. The findings support continued endocrine surveillance and provide robust evidence of a dose-dependent endocrine risk in adults exposed to environmental radiation.
Scoring System for Predicting Breast Cancer Risk Among Women in Regions with Limited Healthcare Infrastructure in Indonesia.
Nindrea RD, Novera M, Syahrial S … +2 more , Avilla NA, Putri FAR
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Apr · PMID 41945963 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer (BC) remains the most common malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among Indonesian women, with many cases detected at advanced stages due to limited screening and healthcare...
OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer (BC) remains the most common malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among Indonesian women, with many cases detected at advanced stages due to limited screening and healthcare resources. Existing risk prediction models, developed in Western populations, may not adequately capture locally relevant determinants. METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted at a national referral hospital in West Sumatra, Indonesia. A total of 250 histologically confirmed BC cases and 250 age-matched controls were enrolled. Data on reproductive, familial, and lifestyle factors were collected using structured questionnaires and medical records. Logistic regression was applied to identify significant predictors, which were then integrated into a scoring system. The discriminatory ability was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: Significant predictors of BC included late menopause (≥50 years; adjusted OR 4.50), first pregnancy at ≥30 years (AOR 2.70), family history of BC (first-degree AOR 30.22; second-degree AOR 3.82), short breastfeeding duration (<12 months; AOR 41.24), long-term oral contraceptive use (≥12 months; AOR 1.94), overweight (AOR 2.37), obesity (AOR 3.94), high-fat diet (AOR 25.75), low physical activity (AOR = 14.29), moderate physical activity (AOR = 4.08). The scoring system, with a maximum score of 18, demonstrated excellent predictive accuracy (AUC 0.907; 95% CI: 0.879-0.931). A cut-off score >5 provided optimal sensitivity (84%) and specificity (80%). CONCLUSION: The proposed scoring system offers a practical, context-specific tool for early risk assessment of breast cancer in Indonesian women, particularly in regions with limited healthcare infrastructure. Its implementation may support targeted screening and resource allocation.
Dosimetric and Delivery Assessment of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Using Flattened and Unflattened Beams for the Single-Isocenter Treatment of Multiple Liver Targets.
P M J, Sudesh S, N S S … +2 more , K N, Dhanya D
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev · 2026 Apr · PMID 41945962 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) is increasingly applied in the management of liver cancers. Flattening filter-free (FFF) beams, which offer higher dose rates, enable faster delivery and improved patient...
BACKGROUND: Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) is increasingly applied in the management of liver cancers. Flattening filter-free (FFF) beams, which offer higher dose rates, enable faster delivery and improved patient comfort. This retrospective study compares the dosimetric and delivery characteristics of SBRT using FFF and conventional flattened beams for the treatment of multiple liver targets. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with 2-11 hepatic targets were treated using a single-isocenter volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique. Treatment plans were created for 6X, 6FFF, and 10FFF photon beams, with prescription doses ranging from 27.5 Gy to 50 Gy in 5 fractions. Plan evaluation metrics included Planning Target Volume (PTV) coverage (V95%, V98%, V100%), mean liver dose (MLD), normal liver volume receiving <15 Gy, and maximum doses to Organs at Risk (OARs). Delivery parameters were assessed by gamma passing rate, monitor units (MU), and beam-on time (BOT). Repeated-measures ANOVA, with post-hoc least significant difference (LSD) testing, was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Comparable Planning Target Volume (PTV) coverage was achieved with all beam modalities. No statistically significant differences were noted in mean liver dose (MLD), normal liver volume receiving <15 Gy, or other Organ at Risk (OAR) doses, except for lower spinal cord doses with FFF beams (p = 0.003). The 2%/2 mm gamma passing rate for 6FFF was 1% lower than for 6X and 10FFF. Monitor unit (MU) values were higher for 6FFF (4.3%) and 10FFF (1.5%) compared with 6X (p = 0.01). Beam-on time (BOT) was significantly shorter with 6FFF (3.8 ± 0.28 min) and 10FFF (3.8 ± 0.30 min) relative to 6X (5.1 ± 0.22 min) (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Flattening filter-free (FFF) beams reduce beam-on time (BOT), providing an advantage for breath-hold techniques. However, despite the higher dose rate of 10FFF, no additional reduction in overall treatment time was observed.
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