Archives Of Oral Biology[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Molecular and thermal signatures of dental tissues in third molars: An in vitro comparative study using fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry.
Zahedah R, Üstünsoy R, Gürcan AT … +1 more , Dinç B
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Dec · PMID 40997639 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To characterize and compare the molecular and thermal characteristics of enamel, dentin, cementum, and the dentin-pulp complex in permanent third molars using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and...
OBJECTIVE: To characterize and compare the molecular and thermal characteristics of enamel, dentin, cementum, and the dentin-pulp complex in permanent third molars using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DESIGN: Samples from extracted third molars (n = 15) were prepared and analyzed using FTIR to assess molecular composition and DSC to evaluate thermal transitions, including dehydration, collagen degradation, and mineral phase transformation. All measurements were conducted in triplicate. RESULTS: FTIR revealed enamel as highly mineralized with minimal organic content, dentin and cementum as collagen-rich, and the dentin-pulp complex as a hybrid tissue. DSC analysis identified consistent thermal transitions: water loss (110-125 °C), collagen breakdown (300-320 °C), and mineral decomposition (455-470 °C). Enamel displayed the highest crystallinity, while cementum exhibited the highest enthalpy change. Tissues with stronger FTIR collagen peaks corresponded to higher DSC energy release during protein degradation. CONCLUSION: Molecular and thermal profiling of dental tissues provide baseline reference data for biomaterial design and regenerative strategies. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding tissue-specific molecular and thermal properties can guide the development of biomimetic restorative materials, inform safer thermal thresholds during clinical procedures, and support diagnostic approaches for aging and pathological changes.
Protective effect of a novel antioxidant gel containing resveratrol and sodium fluoride on dentin erosion in the presence of acquired salivary pellicle: An in vitro study.
Manzoli LP, Silva LJRD, Caracas GCDS … +5 more , de Oliveira KF, Aragão WAB, Lima RR, Kuga MC, Alencar CM
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40997353 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of experimental gels containing resveratrol, with or without 1.23 % sodium fluoride (NaF), and their interaction with the salivary pellicle on dentin erosion...
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of experimental gels containing resveratrol, with or without 1.23 % sodium fluoride (NaF), and their interaction with the salivary pellicle on dentin erosion. DESIGN: Gels with 5 % or 10 % resveratrol (w/w) were prepared, with NaF added at 1.23 % (w/w). Total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (ORAC) were determined. Human dentin specimens (n = 210) were allocated into seven groups (n = 30): negative control, NaF (1.23 %), 5 % resveratrol, 10 % resveratrol, 5 % resveratrol + NaF, 10 % resveratrol + NaF, and positive control (commercial anti-erosion toothpaste). Each group was divided according to the presence or absence of salivary pellicle (n = 15). After gel application, specimens were submitted to a 7-day erosive-abrasive cycling protocol. Outcomes included surface loss (3D CLM), collagen degradation after collagenase, calcium release (atomic absorption spectrometry), and tubule obliteration (CLM). Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The 10 % resveratrol gel had the highest TPC and ORAC (p = 0.03), followed by 10 % resveratrol + NaF (p = 0.013), whereas 5 % resveratrol showed lower values (p = 0.021). The salivary pellicle significantly reduced dSL-eroded, dColl, and CaR in all groups (p = 0.001). Combined formulations showed the greatest protection: G5 and G6 had lower dSL-eroded (p = 0.002, 0.004), dColl (p = 0.014, 0.021), and dSL-total (p = 0.007, 0.008), with G6 showing the lowest CaR (p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: The combination of 10 % resveratrol and NaF effectively protected against dentin erosion, with salivary pellicle enhancing these effects.
Immunohistochemical assessment of murine double minute 2 in solid vs unicystic ameloblastoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Escoto-Vasquez LS, Alarcón-Sánchez MA, Becerra-Ruiz JS … +4 more , Martínez-Bugarin CH, Lomelí-Martínez SM, Muradyan AA, Heboyan A
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Dec · PMID 40992015 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This project aimed to evaluate the immunoexpression pattern of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) in solid ameloblastomas compared to unicystic ameloblastomas. METHODS: The review followed PRISMA guidelines and was...
OBJECTIVE: This project aimed to evaluate the immunoexpression pattern of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) in solid ameloblastomas compared to unicystic ameloblastomas. METHODS: The review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in the PROSPERO database. PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched. Original cross-sectional studies were included. The meta-analysis was performed using STATA V15 and RevMan. Positivity rates were pooled using a random-effects model (REM), the labeling index was analyzed using mean difference under a REM, and expression intensity (moderate-strong) was assessed as categorical data using a REM with Hartung-Knapp adjustment. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the Chi² test and I² statistic. The methodological quality and certainty of the evidence were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute items and the GRADE system. RESULTS: Nine studies (n = 438 specimens) were analyzed, of which 325/438 (74.2 %) were ameloblastoma biopsies. MDM2 positivity was detected in 403/438 cases (92 %). A statistically significant association in favor of solid ameloblastoma was observed (RR = 2.08; 95 %CI [1.66-2.60]; p = 0.005), indicating a twofold probability of finding high MDM2 expression in solid compared to unicystic ameloblastomas. Four of the nine studies (44.4 %) were considered to be of low quality, and the certainty of evidence was low to very low. CONCLUSIONS: MDM2 expression was prevalent in both types of ameloblastomas, with a higher intensity of expression observed in solid cases. However, due to study heterogeneity, further investigations with more robust methodological designs are recommended to assess the diagnostic potential of MDM2 in ameloblastomas.
Editorial on the special issue on temporomandibular disorders (TMD), AOB journal.
Wang M, He D
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Dec · PMID 40992014 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Comparative analysis of antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of chemically- and green laser-produced gold and silver nanoparticles against dental pathogens.
Nemoda M, Radovanović M, Živković S … +5 more , Momčilović M, Rajić V, Bošković M, Nikolić B, Marinković J
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40975044 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study compared antibacterial and antibiofilm effectiveness of chemically (chem_) and pulsed laser ablation-synthesized (laser_) gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs), namely chem_AuNPs, chem_AgNP...
OBJECTIVES: This study compared antibacterial and antibiofilm effectiveness of chemically (chem_) and pulsed laser ablation-synthesized (laser_) gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs), namely chem_AuNPs, chem_AgNPs, laser_AuNPs, and laser_AgNPs, against four Streptococcus species (S. mutans, S. mitis, S. sanguinis, and S. gordonii), essential for cariogenic biofilm development. DESIGN: Nanoparticles were characterized for size and stability using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were tested in microdilution and crystal violet assays, respectively. Ex vivo evaluation of the nanoparticles antibiofilm activity was performed against a four-species biofilm on enamel discs by quantifying CFU. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the reduction in biofilm mass on enamel discs treated with laser_Au and Ag nanoparticles. RESULTS: TEM showed nanoparticle sizes ranging 5.89-18.49 nm. DLS revealed the stability of NPs colloid solutions, with ζ-potential approximately -30 mV over 21 days. All NPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 56.9-120.6 μg mL-1 for chem_AuNPs and 1.9-30.8 μg mL-1 for all the rest. The evaluation of NPs potential in biofilm prevention showed the following trend in activity: laser_AuNPs>laser_AgNPs>chem_AuNPs>chem_AgNPs. AuNPs, regardless of synthesis method, were as effective as the positive control (chlorhexidine-mouthwash) against the multispecies biofilm settled on enamel discs, while AgNPs were nearly twice as efficient. CONCLUSIONS: AuNPs and AgNPs could be alternatives for managing cariogenic bacteria both planktonic and within biofilms. Laser_AgNPs, being more efficient than commercial mouthwash, seem to be the most valuable candidate.
Antimicrobial effect of cinnamaldehyde in a peri-implant mucositis model.
D'Assunção VCDSC, Borges-Grisi MHS, Muniz IMB … +6 more , Gomes Filho FN, Brito Bastos CF, Silva LFA, Xavier-Júnior FH, Assunção E Souza RO, Almeida LFD
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40975043 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the antimicrobial effect of an experimental mouthwash containing 1 % cinnamaldehyde in a polymicrobial biofilm model for peri-implant mucositis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Polymicrobial biofilms were seed...
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the antimicrobial effect of an experimental mouthwash containing 1 % cinnamaldehyde in a polymicrobial biofilm model for peri-implant mucositis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Polymicrobial biofilms were seeded on zirconia and on titanium (n = 6 or 8/group) surfaces from stimulated saliva collection from 2 periodontal health donors and 2 with gingivitis. Salivary pellicle was performed, by 60 min. Inoculum was seeded (1 ×10 CFU/mL) in McBain medium (1 % of sucrose). Biofilms on zirconia were cultured in aerobiosis and on titanium in microaerophilic conditions for 24 h. Daily challenges with 10 % sucrose were stablished. Samples were exposed to the experimental mouthwash for 1 min, twice a day, for 72 h. Chlorhexidine digluconate at 0.12 % and saline solution (at 0.9 %) were used as controls. Biofilms were kept in culture for an additional 24 h to count viable cells, evaluate biomass and cellular metabolism. RESULTS: In zirconia, evaluation of cellular metabolism did not detect a statistically significant difference between the biofilm conditions (p > 0.05). It was found that cellular metabolism was decreased from exposure to mouthwash and chlorhexidine, with a difference compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). In titanium, viable cell count in two media and the biomass were higher for biofilms from the periodontal health salivary condition (p < 0.05). There was a decrease in the biomass of biofilms exposed to the experimental mouthwash for both salivary conditions. Metabolic activity was decreased when exposed to experimental mouthwash and chlorhexidine compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Experimental mouthwash with 1 % cinnamaldehyde showed an antimicrobial effect similar to chlorhexidine against polymicrobial biofilms.
Endocannabinoid system in periodontitis: A systematic review and in silico analyses.
Soares LFF, Oliveira JA, Nogueira AVB … +4 more , Júnior CR, Pigossi SC, Deschner J, Cirelli JA
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40966850 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review with in silico investigation discusses the involvement of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), particularly CB1 and CB2 receptors (genes CNR1 and CNR2 respectively), in periodontal health a...
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review with in silico investigation discusses the involvement of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), particularly CB1 and CB2 receptors (genes CNR1 and CNR2 respectively), in periodontal health and disease (PD). METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies on periodontitis and ECS published up to August 2024. The GSE16134 dataset was used for analyses of differential gene expression, correlation of ECS genes, evaluation of biomarkers and functional enrichment analysis. RESULTS: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria (three clinical and six preclinical studies). Clinical studies demonstrated that CNR2 gene expression was significantly reduced in periodontitis, while CNR1 showed minor changes. Animal studies with CB2 activation by different therapies increased receptor expression, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, and mitigated alveolar bone loss. CB1 activation also reduced inflammation and bone loss. Anandamide (AEA), an endogenous ligand of the cannabinoid receptors, exhibited anti-inflammatory effects, with endogenous levels decreasing after therapy. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that CNR1 expression in PD tissues was positively associated with genes involved in B-cell activation and humoral immune responses. In contrast, CNR2 expression showed strong correlations with genes related to immune regulation and extracellular matrix remodeling, suggesting distinct yet complementary roles for CB1 and CB2 in periodontal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: The ECS participates in periodontal inflammation, with CB2 activation emerging as a promising therapeutic target.
Triggering mitotic catastrophe by podophyllotoxin induces apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Choi SJ, Kim JH, Kim HJ … +9 more , Park DG, Jin B, Lee WW, Hong KO, Lee S, Porntaveetus T, Cho JJ, Hong SD, Cho SD
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40966849 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the relationship between mitotic catastrophe (MC) and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using podophyllotoxin (PPT), a natural compound with antimitotic properties. DESIG...
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the relationship between mitotic catastrophe (MC) and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using podophyllotoxin (PPT), a natural compound with antimitotic properties. DESIGN: We evaluated the concentration-dependent effects of PPT on cell proliferation (CCK-8 and soft agar assays) and morphology (transmission electron microscopy). Mechanistic insights were obtained by assessing DNA damage (western blotting), cell cycle progression (sub-G analysis), and apoptosis-related protein activation in both 2D and 3D spheroid models of HSC-3 oral squamous carcinoma cells. RESULTS: PPT exerted pronounced inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth accompanied by morphological indications of MC, such as enlarged multinucleated cells. DNA damage induced by PPT resulted in ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase and checkpoint kinase 2 activation, leading to G/M arrest and cyclin B1upregulation. Importantly, PPT-induced MC was followed by apoptosis, as evidenced by an increased sub-G population, Annexin V positivity, and caspase activation. Mitochondrial dysfunction, as indicated by altered membrane potential and enhanced Bax expression, underscored the apoptotic process. Caspase-2 activation emerged as a pivotal event, cleaving Bid and establishing a link between MC and the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The effects were consistent across both 2D and 3D models, suggesting a robust therapeutic potential. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides compelling evidence supporting the potential therapeutic significance of inducing MC-mediated apoptosis in OSCC. The results underscore the role of PPT and its derivatives, such as etoposide and teniposide, in targeting rapidly dividing cancer cells through interference with mitotic progression, offering insights into novel therapeutic strategies for oral cancer.
Bioactive caries-preventing effects of mineral ions released from surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler on oral biofilm.
Kato K, Kutsuna R, Kawamura Y … +1 more , Shimazaki Y
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40946583 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: The bioactive caries-preventing effects of mineral ions released from surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler on oral biofilm were estimated by analyzing the depth-specific density of Streptococcus mu...
OBJECTIVE: The bioactive caries-preventing effects of mineral ions released from surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler on oral biofilm were estimated by analyzing the depth-specific density of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis. DESIGN: Ten participants wore in situ plaque-generating enamel slab devices on their upper molars to form biofilm for 5 days. Filtrates were prepared from prophylaxis paste slurries containing S-PRG filler, whereas paste without the filler served as the control. The devices were alternately immersed in sucrose solution three times and in the experimental or control filtrate twice each day. Two biofilm samples taken from each device were separated into 6-9 layered fractions (100 μm each) by serial sectioning. One sample was used for extraction of genomic DNA. The gene sequences encoding D-alanine:D-alanine ligases were amplified using universal and species-specific primers. Borate, aluminum, silicate, and strontium concentrations were determined using thicker sections of the other sample, correcting for biomass volume estimated by the area measurement of stained thinner sections. RESULTS: The ratios of S. mutans to S. sanguinis in the outer, middle, and inner layers were 0.0359, 0.0254 and 0.0157 for the experimental biofilm and 0.046, 0.0325 and 0.0255 for control biofilm, respectively. The ratio in the whole layer was significantly lower in the experimental biofilm than control biofilm. Strontium and aluminum concentrations in the experimental biofilm were 114- to 146-fold and 2.74- to 4.48-fold higher compared with control biofilm. respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that S-PRG filler has bioactive caries-preventing effects on oral biofilm.
Selective bacterial proteolysis in periodontal disease: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications, a narrative review.
Escalante-Herrera A, Siqueira WL
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40945066 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Periodontal diseases are characterized by complex interactions between the immune system, oral bacteria, host tissues, and various external and internal factors. A hallmark of disease progression is...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Periodontal diseases are characterized by complex interactions between the immune system, oral bacteria, host tissues, and various external and internal factors. A hallmark of disease progression is the selective degradation of host proteins by bacterial proteases. This review explores the molecular mechanisms of bacterial proteolysis, with a focus on the selectivity toward host proteins essential for oral homeostasis. METHODS: An extensive electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, covering the last 20 years. Search terms included "degradation," "oral tissue," "proteins," "bacteria," "periodontal disease," "periodontitis," "pathways," and "host." Boolean operators and filters were applied to refine results. Articles were evaluated based on titles, abstracts, and full texts. Additional references were identified through citation tracking. A narrative synthesis approach was used to integrate findings. RESULTS: Bacterial proteases exhibit precise substrate recognition, targeting specific structural, immune, and signaling proteins in the oral environment. The proteolytic profile and disease pathology are shaped by microbial community dynamics, including cooperative and competitive interactions. Host factors such as genetic diversity, local microenvironmental conditions, and immune responses further modulate protein degradation. Despite advancements, critical gaps remain, particularly regarding post-translational modifications and the determinants of proteolytic specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Selective bacterial proteolysis plays a pivotal role in periodontal disease pathogenesis. Addressing current knowledge gaps through advanced proteomics, longitudinal studies, and imaging technologies is essential for developing targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. An integrative approach is needed to enhance periodontal disease management and improve patient outcomes.
Probiotic supplementation attenuates dental pain and inhibits pain-induced cognitive impairment in male rats.
Abazari-Bozhgani P, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Abbasnejad M … +2 more , Raoof M, Lobbezoo F
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40902425 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: The gut-brain axis has emerged as a promising avenue for understanding the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system. This study investigated the potential impact o...
OBJECTIVES: The gut-brain axis has emerged as a promising avenue for understanding the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system. This study investigated the potential impact of probiotics, Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-5), Lactobacillus paracasei (L. casei 431), and Bifidobacterium lactis (BB-12), as well as their combination, on dental pulp pain management and cognitive functions. DESIGN: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six experimental groups (n = 8). The probiotics (10 CFU) were orally administered for 14 consecutive days. Capsaicin (100 µg) was used to induce inflammatory pulp nociception. The Morris water maze task was used to evaluate learning and memory performance. Levels of the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) cytokines in the animals' trigeminal ganglion (TG) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neuropeptide Y (NPY), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (Trk-B) and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) genes in the animals' hippocampus were determined using western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS: Intradental application of capsaicin induced nociceptive behavior and increased IL-1β and TNF-α in the TG of rats. Probiotics could attenuate nociception and prevent IL-1β and TNF-α overexpression. Furthermore, pain induced cognitive impairments, decreased BDNF, NPY, and Trk-B and increased COX-2 gene expression in rat hippocampus, which were inhibited by probiotics supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that probiotics may play a role in orofacial pain relief and cognitive enhancement in painful situations by modulating gut microbiota composition and influencing protein levels and gene expression in brain regions associated with pain and cognition.
A case of impacted third molar from the prehistoric Hypogeum of Calaforno (Giarratana, Ragusa, Sicily): Reflections on the antiquity and evolutionary implications of this trait.
Varotto E, Kurek M, Militello PM … +2 more , Platania E, Galassi FM
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40865475 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study examines a rare case of an impacted third molar identified in a fragmented right mandibular hemiarch from the prehistoric Hypogeum of Calaforno (Giarratana, Ragusa, Sicily, Italy), dating to the La...
OBJECTIVES: This study examines a rare case of an impacted third molar identified in a fragmented right mandibular hemiarch from the prehistoric Hypogeum of Calaforno (Giarratana, Ragusa, Sicily, Italy), dating to the Late Eneolithic period (2600-2300 BC). DESIGN: A detailed osteological examination and palaeoradiological imaging were employed to analyze the mandibular fragment, leading to the identification of a horizontally impacted third molar pressing against the second molar. RESULTS: The analyses revealed clear evidence of a horizontally impacted third molar, contributing to the limited bioarchaeological record of dental impactions in ancient populations. The findings are interpreted within the broader evolutionary history of third molar impactions, considering genetic, developmental, and dietary factors as potential influences. The study also underscores the value of incorporating modern radiological methods into archaeological research. CONCLUSIONS: This case provides new perspectives on the antiquity and potential prevalence of impacted third molars in ancient populations, suggesting that their apparent rarity in the archaeological record may be due to methodological challenges rather than an actual absence.
Effect of parecoxib and dexamethasone on the temporomandibular joint of orchiectomized rats: Morphological and immunological analysis.
Dos Santos VAB, Groppo FC, de Toledo JRG … +3 more , Monteiro MHA, Henriques GEP, Figueroba SR
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40850211 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of parecoxib (a selective COX-2 inhibitor) and dexamethasone (a corticosteroid) on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of orchiectomized rats, a model of testosterone deficiency, through...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of parecoxib (a selective COX-2 inhibitor) and dexamethasone (a corticosteroid) on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of orchiectomized rats, a model of testosterone deficiency, through histological and immunological analyses. METHODS: Thirty-six rats were divided into six groups (n = 6). Sham groups received saline, parecoxib (0.3 mg/kg), or dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg). ORX groups received the same treatments. TMJs were processed for histological staining (toluidine blue and picrosirius red) and analyzed by histomorphometry, measuring total cartilage thickness and its layers (fibrous, proliferative, mature, hypertrophic). Cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) were quantified by ELISA. Data were analyzed using ANOVA-Welch and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: ORX increased IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels. IL-6 was reduced by dexamethasone. Dexamethasone also decreased cartilage thickness and accelerated its differentiation into subchondral bone. In contrast, parecoxib preserved cartilage thickness, especially in the fibrous and proliferative layers, and increased proteoglycan content. Both drugs reduced inflammatory markers, but with distinct structural effects. CONCLUSIONS: Testosterone deficiency enhanced TMJ inflammation and impaired cartilage structure. While both dexamethasone and parecoxib modulated these effects, their actions differed: dexamethasone promoted cartilage-to-bone differentiation, potentially unfavorable long term, whereas parecoxib preserved cartilage integrity. These findings underscore hormonal influence and support selective anti-inflammatory strategies for TMJ preservation under androgen deficiency.
Developmental defects of enamel in preschool twins - Coincidences, heritability, and multilevel analysis.
Matias-Santos FADS, Lopes LCA, Sousa MEM … +6 more , Nascimento VOD, Moura MS, Lima CCB, Mendes FM, Moura LFAD, Lima MDM
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40848664 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To compare the coincidences of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) between monozygotic and dizygotic twins, determine heritability in primary dentition, and identify associated factors. DESIGN: A cross-secti...
OBJECTIVE: To compare the coincidences of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) between monozygotic and dizygotic twins, determine heritability in primary dentition, and identify associated factors. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted among preschool twins aged 3-5 years in Teresina, Brazil. Non-cooperative children were excluded. Data were collected through questionnaires and clinical examinations. Clinical assessment was conducted in a school setting using the modified DDE Index for diagnostic purposes. Coincidences were analyzed using tetrachoric correlations and multinomial logistic regression, deriving Odds Ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 %CI). Heritability was estimated using Holzinger's formula. Multilevel Poisson regression identified associated factors with developmental defects of enamel occurrence (p < 0.05). RESULTS: In total, 239 twin pairs were included (Monozygotic = 96, Dizygotic = 143). Correlations for developmental defects of enamel were strong/very strong in monozygotic (overall DDE, 0.829; demarcated opacities, 0.645; diffuse opacities, 0.812; hypoplasia, 0.786) and weak/moderate in dizygotic (overall DDE, 0.322; demarcated opacities, 0.076; diffuse opacities, 0.562; hypoplasia, 0.156). Monozygotic twins had more positive (OR; 95 %CI = 2.04; 1.01-4.08) and negative coincidences (OR; 95 %CI = 3.91; 1.47-10.36) than dizygotic twins did. Heritability was 74.8 %. Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and high fever during the first year of life were associated with a higher prevalence of DDE in primary dentition. CONCLUSIONS: Higher coincidences in monozygotic twins and high heritability suggest a genetic influence on the development of developmental defects of enamel in primary dentition. Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and high fever in the first year of life were associated factors.
Evaluation and characterization of the extracellular matrix in salivary gland tumors through histochemistry and second harmonic generation.
Ribeiro-de-Assis MCF, Lavareze L, Campos ATP … +5 more , Consonni SR, Antolini-Tavares A, Egal ÉSA, Altemani A, Mariano FV
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40848663 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To describe extracellular matrix (ECM) components in salivary gland tumors with and without myoepithelial differentiation. DESIGN: Five cases of each tumor type were analyzed: pleomorphic adenoma, myoepithelio...
OBJECTIVE: To describe extracellular matrix (ECM) components in salivary gland tumors with and without myoepithelial differentiation. DESIGN: Five cases of each tumor type were analyzed: pleomorphic adenoma, myoepithelioma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, myoepithelial carcinoma, epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, and salivary duct carcinoma. Histochemical stains identified collagen fibers, elastin, proteoglycans (PG), and glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Collagen was further examined by second harmonic generation (SHG) in three regions: tumor stroma, extratumoral stroma, and capsule. ImageJ was used to analyze area fraction, mean gray level, entropy, and contrast. Data underwent statistical analysis (p < 0.0001). RESULTS: ECM composition varied among salivary gland tumors. Pleomorphic adenoma showed low elastin and collagen, but PG and GAG were present in over 50 % of cases. Myoepithelioma showed variable collagen and elastin, while adenoid cystic carcinoma had predominant collagen. Myoepithelial carcinoma presented inconsistent elastin and low collagen. Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma and salivary duct carcinoma showed intense collagen staining. SHG revealed higher area fraction and gray level in the extratumoral region. Entropy was significantly higher outside the tumor. Malignant tumors with myoepithelial differentiation showed increased values in all SHG parameters compared to benign counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Benign tumors expressed more PG and GAG, whereas malignant ones had increased collagen with structural alterations. SHG analysis indicated lower collagen intensity within tumors and highlighted the role of ECM remodeling in malignancy, invasion, and metastasis.
Synergistic promotion of biomimetic enamel remineralization by amelogenin, amelotin, and ameloblastin C-terminal peptide in vitro.
Zhong X, Yin L, Zhang P … +3 more , Ma S, Ren X, Tian K
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40840066 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the influence of human amelogenin (AM), amelotin (AMTN), and ameloblastin c-terminal peptide (AMBN-C), both individually and in combination, on the in vitro remineralization of...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the influence of human amelogenin (AM), amelotin (AMTN), and ameloblastin c-terminal peptide (AMBN-C), both individually and in combination, on the in vitro remineralization of enamel. DESIGN: AM, AMTN, and AMBN-C were recombined and purified in vitro and formulated into 200 µg/ml chitosan (CS) protein gels. Nine different gel groups, including saline, CS, CS-AM, CS-AMTN, CS-AMBN-C, CS-AM-AMTN, CS-AM-AMBN-C, CS-AMTN-AMBN-C, and CS-AM-AMTN-AMBN-C, were applied to artificial carious tooth samples. These samples were incubated in artificial saliva for seven days, and the enamel surface's mineralization was assessed using SEM and XRD. RESULTS: CS-AM, CS-AMTN, and CS-AMBN-C stimulated the formation of scattered "dumbbell-like", perpendicular "bud-like", and aggregated "clump-like" hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals, respectively. CS-AM-AMTN, CS-AM-AMBN-C, and CS-AMTN-AMBN-C led to the formation of perpendicular "dumbbell-like" and "bud-like", parallel "clump-like" and "fine-rod-like", and vertical "clump-like" and "fine-rod-like" HA crystals, respectively. CS-AM-AMTN-AMBN-C induced the formation of optimally shaped and aligned HA crystals, characterized by "rod-like" crystal bundles of uniform diameter, perpendicular to the enamel surface. CONCLUSIONS: AM functions as a mineralization template, promoting the formation of HA crystal bundles. AMBN-C influences the morphology of crystal bundles, while AMTN regulates their arrangement, ultimately facilitating a mineralized surface that resembles natural enamel.
CAFs-secreted fatty acids fuel oral cancer progression via lipid raft formation.
Mu J, Ye T, Liu J … +3 more , Wang S, Zhou H, Wu F
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40840065 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) actively reshape the tumor metabolic landscape by synthesizing and secreting free fatty acids (FFAs) that fuel cancer cells malignancy. FFAs are not only catabolized for en...
OBJECTIVE: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) actively reshape the tumor metabolic landscape by synthesizing and secreting free fatty acids (FFAs) that fuel cancer cells malignancy. FFAs are not only catabolized for energy but also incorporated into plasma membrane structures. However, whether cancer cells exploit CAF-derived FFAs for lipid raft assembly-and if this contributes to oncogenic signaling and malignant behaviors in oral cancer-remains largely unexplored. DESIGN: Integrated TCGA and scRNA-seq analyses delineated lipid metabolism characteristics in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, FFAs quantification, and immunofluorescence were used to assess OSCC uptake of CAFs-derived FFAs and lipid raft assembly. Transwell, wound healing, and CCK-8 assays evaluated oncological behaviors. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) and immunoblotting were used to investigate PI3K/AKT pathway activation. RESULTS: Lipogenic enzymes showed gradually increased expression from normal tissue to oral leukoplakia and OSCC. Lipid metabolism reprogramming in CAFs led to abundant FFAs secretion, which enhanced Cav-1 expression and lipid raft formation in OSCC cells. Paracrine FFAs uptake activated PI3K/AKT signaling, promoting proliferation, migration, and invasion. MβCD disrupted lipid rafts and suppressed PI3K/AKT signaling in OSCC cells. CONCLUSION: CAFs-derived FFAs promote lipid raft synthesis in OSCC cells, activating PI3K/AKT signaling to drive malignant behaviors. Targeting this CAFs-lipid raft axis may represent a novel therapeutic strategy.
Effect of adding soluble calcium and pyrophosphate to fluoride toothpaste on enamel remineralization: An in vitro study.
Fujiki M, Kimura M, Kurita K
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40840064 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To compare the remineralization ability of a fluoride, soluble calcium, and pyrophosphate (FCaP) toothpaste with that of a fluoride-only toothpaste. DESIGN: Three toothpastes with identical base compositions...
OBJECTIVES: To compare the remineralization ability of a fluoride, soluble calcium, and pyrophosphate (FCaP) toothpaste with that of a fluoride-only toothpaste. DESIGN: Three toothpastes with identical base compositions were prepared: 1450 ppm fluoride (F = 76 µmol/g), 1450 ppm FCaP (F = 76 µmol/g, Ca = 23 µmol/g, P = 23 µmol/g), and 5000 ppm fluoride (F = 263 µmol/g). Soluble fluoride and calcium levels were evaluated by diluting each toothpaste with water (100 mg/10 mL). Bovine enamel specimens with artificially induced subsurface lesions underwent a 21-day pH cycling regimen, with continuous remineralization involving daily 2-hour demineralization and 3-minute toothpaste treatment. Post-pH cycling, quantitative light-induced fluorescence measurement, microhardness testing, and elemental composition analysis were performed (n = 10). RESULTS: The 1450 ppm FCaP toothpaste retained over 95 % soluble fluoride and 30 % soluble calcium. pH cycling test results revealed significantly higher remineralization and fluoride penetration in the 1450 ppm FCaP group than those in the 1450 ppm fluoride-only group (p < 0.05, Steel-Dwass multiple comparison test). No significant differences in enamel calcium-to-phosphorus ratios were observed among the three toothpastes. Interestingly, the 5000 ppm fluoride-only group showed significantly higher fluoride penetration but no improvement in remineralization than that in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The 1450 ppm FCaP toothpaste enhanced enamel remineralization more effectively than the fluoride-only toothpaste did. Clinically, FCaP toothpaste can help control dental caries, especially in individuals with low salivary calcium levels.
Different densities of Langerhans cells among oral squamous cell carcinoma, lip squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Marega NA, da Costa E Silva LPB, de Oliveira AB … +4 more , de Carli RLB, Bufalino A, Massucato EMS, Ferrisse TM
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40840063 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: to evaluate whether Langerhans cells (LC) (CD1a+, CD207 +) show quantification differences in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and oral potentially malignant disorders (...
OBJECTIVE: to evaluate whether Langerhans cells (LC) (CD1a+, CD207 +) show quantification differences in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), due to previously conflicting results. DESIGN: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Lilacs, and Web of Science were the databases searched. The protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF). Rayyan software was used for duplicate removal. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scale for cross-sectional studies. Meta-analyses were conducted using R software (v3.6.3) with the "NETMETA" package. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the CINeMA tool. In total, 26 articles were included for qualitative and 14 articles for quantitative analysis RESULTS: Higher CD1a+ and CD207 + LC levels were observed in low-grade OSCC compared to well and moderately differentiated OSCC. In addition, reductions of CD1a+ and CD207 + LC were associated with locoregional metastasis to lymph nodes. Among OPMDs, oral lichen planus (OLP) showed the highest CD1a+ and CD207 + density. Significant reductions in LC counts were noted in oral leukoplakia (OL), oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), and OSCC. In LSCC, CD1a+ LCs were significantly reduced compared to actinic cheilitis (AC). Sampling and statistical biases were identified in 7 and 17 studies respectively. CONCLUSION: Differences in CD1a+ and CD207 + LC densities among OSCC, LSCC, and OPMDs may cooperate in understanding of their immunopathogenesis and support diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in these conditions. Furthermore, CD1a+ and CD207 + density reduction may have the potential to be used as a biomarker for oral malignant transformation. In general, a high confidence rate was observed for CD207 + LC and a moderate confidence for CD1a+ LC was noted.
GDC-0449 suppresses odontogenic keratocyst aggressiveness in fibroblasts by upregulating SPARC via Hedgehog pathway inhibition.
Qu J, Jiang Y, Wu S … +7 more , Chen X, Zhai J, Gao J, Zhou Y, Hong Y, Shen J, Chen D
Arch Oral Biol · 2025 Nov · PMID 40840062 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are aggressive jaw lesions, either linked to Gorlin-Goltz syndrome or sporadic. We aimed to investigate the impact of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor GDC-0449 on OKC fibrobla...
OBJECTIVE: Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are aggressive jaw lesions, either linked to Gorlin-Goltz syndrome or sporadic. We aimed to investigate the impact of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor GDC-0449 on OKC fibroblasts (OKC-Fs). Additionally, we explored whether secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) was a novel Hh target and its association with OKC aggressiveness. DESIGN: Fibroblasts from four syndromic and four non-syndromic OKCs were isolated, with patched 1 (PTCH1) mutations found only in syndromic ones. Syndromic OKC-Fs with PTCH1 mutations were treated with GDC-0449, using mutation-free non-syndromic OKC-Fs as controls. Wound healing and transwell assays assessed the migration and invasion of OKC-Fs. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), alkaline phosphatase staining, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining investigated osteogenic differentiation and osteoclastogenic effects. Real-time PCR and western blotting examined the correlation between SPARC and Hh signaling. SPARC siRNA treatment tested its effect on cell migration and invasion. RESULTS: GDC-0449 inhibited the migration, invasion, and osteoclastogenic ability, while promoting their osteogenic differentiation of syndromic OKC-Fs. Moreover, GDC-0449 inhibited Hh pathway by decreasing glioma-associated oncogene 1 (GLI1) expression in syndromic OKC-Fs harboring PTCH1 mutations. Additionally, by suppressing Hh pathway, GDC-0449 upregulated SPARC expression, suggesting that Hh-GLI1 signaling exerts a negative regulatory effect on SPARC. Knockdown of SPARC promoted the migration and invasion of OKC-Fs, which could be reversed by GDC-0449. CONCLUSION: GDC-0449 suppresses aggressiveness and osteoclastogenesis of OKCs while promoting osteogenesis. GDC-0449 treats OKCs by inhibiting Hh signaling and upregulating SPARC. SPARC could be a potential therapeutic target for OKCs.
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