Scientific Reports[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Evolution of soil quality and microbial communities in arid pear orchards reveals pathways to sustainable management.
Bai X, Li T, Yu S … +1 more , Chen Q
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401618 · Full text
Soil quality is fundamental to agricultural ecosystems sustainability, influencing crop productivity, nutrient cycling, and environmental health. However, soil quality dynamics in perennial orchard systems and their long...
Soil quality is fundamental to agricultural ecosystems sustainability, influencing crop productivity, nutrient cycling, and environmental health. However, soil quality dynamics in perennial orchard systems and their long-term evolution remain insufficiently understood. This study examined the soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of Korla fragrant pear orchards of different planting ages (0, 5, 10, and 25 years) through integrated field surveys and laboratory analyses. Soil organic carbon (SOC) significantly increased in the 0-100 cm soil layer, with average annual rates of 0.18-1.06 g C kg. The total nitrogen (TN) and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen significantly increased in the 0-60 cm soil layer, with average annual rates of 0.01-0.03 g N kg and 0.09-1.45 mg N kg, respectively. Nitrate accumulation in the 0-100 cm soil layer increased from 427 kg N ha before planting to 707 kg N ha after 25 years. The Olsen-P significantly increased in the 0-40 cm soil layer, with average annual rates of 0.42-0.84 mg P kg. In contrast, the soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total soluble salts decreased significantly with orchard age. Both bacterial and fungal alpha diversity increased, with bacterial communities stabilizing after 5 years and fungal communities continuing to succeed. Redundancy analysis revealed that the soil water content, SOC, TN, pH, and EC were the key environmental factors shaping microbial community assembly. These findings demonstrated that long-term pear orchard cultivation enhanced soil fertility and shaped microbial communities, while simultaneously revealing associated risks such as soil acidification and nitrate accumulation, thus providing a critical foundation for developing sustainable soil management strategies.
DiffDA-Net: diffusion-augmented domain adaptive network for analog circuit fault diagnosis under imbalanced and variable operating conditions.
Zhang A, Yang Q, Han L
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401617 · Full text
Accurate fault diagnosis of analog circuits is critical for ensuring the reliability of modern electronic systems. Two practical challenges hinder data-driven methods: data imbalance, where certain fault modes are rare,...
Accurate fault diagnosis of analog circuits is critical for ensuring the reliability of modern electronic systems. Two practical challenges hinder data-driven methods: data imbalance, where certain fault modes are rare, and variable operating conditions, where models trained under one fault severity fail to generalize to different severity levels. Although both challenges have been studied in isolation, their co-occurrence in analog-circuit diagnosis has received little systematic attention. This paper proposes DiffDA-Net, a unified two-stage framework that addresses both challenges simultaneously, and reports a systematic benchmark of generative augmentation and domain-adaptation components under this joint setting. In the first stage, a conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model generates representative class-conditioned fault signals to balance the training dataset. In the second stage, a domain adaptive network couples adversarial training with Maximum Mean Discrepancy regularization to transfer diagnostic knowledge across operating conditions. On a challenging 13-class cross-severity transfer task (50%→25% parametric deviation), the dual-alignment domain-adaptation module reaches [Formula: see text] target accuracy under an oracle target-model-selection protocol, exceeding the strongest single-mechanism baseline by 21.79 percentage points; under a fully label-free source-validation protocol it still attains roughly twice the accuracy of the no-adaptation baseline. In the joint imbalanced and cross-domain setting ([Formula: see text], 10 seeds), the full framework attains [Formula: see text] accuracy. Controlled experiments isolate the contribution of each module: removing domain alignment causes the largest degradation ([Formula: see text] pp, [Formula: see text]), identifying dual-alignment domain adaptation as the dominant performance driver, while diffusion augmentation contributes a further [Formula: see text] pp ([Formula: see text]) and performs on par with SMOTE and ADASYN yet markedly better than GAN-based generation. All reported accuracies under the oracle protocol are explicitly labelled as upper-bound estimates.
Design, development, and performance evaluation of a portable chilli seed extractor based on crop-specific engineering parameters.
Mohiuddin M, Muzamil M, Morad MM … +5 more , Rashid S, Amin T, Peerzada HA, Ali SOA, Ashraf S
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401616 · Full text
Manual extraction of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds is labour-intensive, time-consuming, and inefficient, often resulting in high seed damage and low recovery. This highlights the need for mechanized solutions that im...
Manual extraction of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds is labour-intensive, time-consuming, and inefficient, often resulting in high seed damage and low recovery. This highlights the need for mechanized solutions that improve seed quality, operational efficiency, and productivity. This study aimed to design, develop, and evaluate a portable chilli seed extractor tailored to the physical, engineering, and mechanical properties of the local chilli variety KL1. Tri-axial pod dimensions at moisture contents of 85-86%, 64-65%, and 3-4% (wet basis) were 82.33 × 16.05 × 4.00 mm, 74.48 × 15.61 × 0.83 mm, and 78.34 × 22.73 × 0.43 mm, respectively, which guided the design of the hopper, shredding rollers, and reciprocating screen. The prototype incorporated a trapezoidal hopper, dual shredding rollers with spur gears, and a reciprocating separation unit. Performance evaluation under varying moisture levels, blade spacing, and screen amplitudes revealed a maximum extraction efficiency of 87.46% at 3-4% moisture content, 1.5 cm blade spacing, and 4 cm screen amplitude. Multi-response optimization using Design-Expert software identified optimum operating conditions yielding 76.21% extraction efficiency, 96.83% separation efficiency, 16.22 kg h throughput capacity, 3.10% mechanical seed damage, 90.66% germination, and a labour requirement of 3.8 min kg. Economic analysis indicated a benefit-cost ratio of 1.31, a break-even point of 1.06 tonnes, and a payback period of 339 operational hours, reflecting an 89% reduction in extraction cost compared with manual methods. Overall, the developed chilli seed extractor offers a practical, cost-effective, and labour-saving solution for small-scale seed processing operations.
A system-based evaluation and feedback mechanism for green quality of metropolis energy big data using probabilistic linguistic term sets.
Wang R, Peng D
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401615 · Full text
Renewable energy will reduce the strain on the energy supply to some degree; however, many challenges exist in its organic integration with the current energy system, thus prompting a new round of transformation of the e...
Renewable energy will reduce the strain on the energy supply to some degree; however, many challenges exist in its organic integration with the current energy system, thus prompting a new round of transformation of the existing energy system. Inspired by the Internet concepts, methods, and technologies, the Energy Internet, an open and equal facility for convenient access and intelligent use of energy throughout the chain from production and transmission to consumption, has become a significant development trend. Energy, big data has enormous potential value in facilitating the demand-driven allocation of energy resources and the optimization and transition of the energy structure. The green quality evaluation of metropolis energy big data belongs to the MAGDM category. Recently, ExpTODIM and PROMETHEE techniques have been applied to solve MAGDM problems. In the green quality evaluation of metropolis' energy big data, probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) characterize uncertain information. In this paper, the probabilistic linguistic ExpTODIM-MABAC (PL-ExpTODIM-MABAC) technique is constructed and proposed to solve MAGDM problems with PLTSs. The MEREC technique obtains weights under PLTSs. Finally, an example of the green quality evaluation of metropolis' energy big data is provided to demonstrate the ExpTODIM-MABAC approach.
Cable-net deployment robot for automated protective barrier installation on the transmission lines.
Wang L, Xie G, Liu Y … +1 more , Tang J
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401613 · Full text
Crossing construction over existing infrastructure may cause substantial economic losses and introduce serious safety risks. Therefore, improving the safety and efficiency of live-line crossing construction is of practic...
Crossing construction over existing infrastructure may cause substantial economic losses and introduce serious safety risks. Therefore, improving the safety and efficiency of live-line crossing construction is of practical importance. This paper proposes a cable-net deployment robot system that automates the installation of protective barriers on energized transmission lines. The system integrates a mobile robot with multiple cooperative deployment units and incorporates mechanisms for stable locomotion, anti-fall self-locking, and axial locking. Experiments under simulated operating conditions demonstrated that the system maintained structural stability under a maximum load of 5750 N, withstood a 22 kg equivalent impact mass at a 5 m drop height, climbed a 15° slope without slippage of the conical magnetic-adsorption wheels, and exhibited a traction force of approximately 41 N during steady motion, with fluctuations of 15-65 N during obstacle traversal. Moreover, a clear, consistent fluctuation pattern between traction and wheel angular velocity enabled adaptive locomotion across varying conditions. These results verify the feasibility and reliability of the proposed system and provide a practical robotic solution for improving the safety and efficiency of live-line barrier installation.
A dual-strain compartmental model for Mycoplasma pneumoniae transmission dynamics with vulnerability stratification and optimal control strategies.
Aja RO, Ezeh SI, Atokolo W … +3 more , Acheneje GO, Raza A, Jawo E
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401612 · Full text
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the causative agents of community-acquired infections, with epidemic cycles recorded over 37 years and a current international revival after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study elaborates an...
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the causative agents of community-acquired infections, with epidemic cycles recorded over 37 years and a current international revival after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study elaborates and critically examines a deterministic thirteen-compartmental mathematical model to understand the dynamics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, including vulnerability stratification, dual-strain progression, and intervention pathways in healthcare. The positivity and boundedness of solutions are proved to establish the well-posedness of the model biologically. Local asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium (DFE) is established when [Formula: see text] and global asymptotic stability at the endemic equilibrium when [Formula: see text] via Lyapunov functions. The model exhibits backward bifurcation as temporary immunity decays (when [Formula: see text]), suggesting that [Formula: see text], though necessary, is not sufficient for eradication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Optimal control with time-varying vaccination [Formula: see text], intensified treatment [Formula: see text], and prevention compliance [Formula: see text] reduces infectious and hospitalised compartments by 90-[Formula: see text], while the absence of controls allows endemic persistence. The results provide an evidence-based framework for designing targeted, cost-efficient interventions to control Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemics and safeguard vulnerable populations.
Computational analysis of a fractional order tumor-immune model with cancer stem cell dynamics and chemotherapeutic memory.
Prajapati VJ, Khirsariya SR, Noori N
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401610 · Full text
This study presents a mathematical and computational analysis of a fractional-order tumor-immune system that includes cancer stem cell dynamics and chemotherapeutic intervention. A four-compartment model is developed uti...
This study presents a mathematical and computational analysis of a fractional-order tumor-immune system that includes cancer stem cell dynamics and chemotherapeutic intervention. A four-compartment model is developed utilizing the Caputo fractional derivative to characterize the interactions between cancer stem cells (S), effector immune cells (E), malignant tumor cells (T), and chemotherapeutic agent concentration (M). The essential qualitative characteristics of the model, such as existence, uniqueness, positivity, boundedness, and Ulam-Hyers stability of solutions, are meticulously demonstrated to guarantee both mathematical and biological coherence. The tumor-free equilibrium is examined, and the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] is established as a critical parameter influencing tumor persistence and elimination. Stability analysis proves that the tumor-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when [Formula: see text]. Numerical simulations, performed using the second-order Fractional Adams-Bashforth-Moulton (FABM) method, demonstrate that the fractional order γ significantly modulates the system's kinetic behavior. Moreover, the findings indicate that reducing the fractional order results in a pronounced damping effect and increased physiological latency, reflecting the memory inherent in cellular environments. Three-dimensional sensitivity surfaces illustrate the collaborative effect of the tumor growth rate r and the chemotherapeutic killing rate [Formula: see text] as the primary drivers of therapeutic success. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the presented model provides theoretical insights into tumor-immune dynamics and may assist in understanding the influence of memory effects on treatment outcomes better than classical integer-order models, offering potential insights for the optimization of therapeutic outcomes and system stability.
Bedtime rumination mediates the burnout-insomnia link and relates to shift adaptation in emergency department staff.
Schmidt L, Claverie D, Douplat M … +3 more , Tazarourte K, Mazza S, Trousselard M
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401609 · Full text
Burnout and sleep disturbances are highly prevalent among emergency department staff, yet their mechanisms within shift work remain poorly understood. This study examined whether cognitive pathways explain the comorbidit...
Burnout and sleep disturbances are highly prevalent among emergency department staff, yet their mechanisms within shift work remain poorly understood. This study examined whether cognitive pathways explain the comorbidity between burnout and insomnia, and how these processes relate to behavioral adaptation to shift load, in a secondary pre-intervention analysis of the REST randomized controlled trial. Fifty-eight physicians and nurses completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, and Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale (somatic and cognitive subscales; cognitive subscale reflecting bedtime rumination), together with shift work disorder screening items. Work schedules informed shift load and actigraphy provided total sleep time and sleep regularity to classify individual shift adaptation profiles. Individuals were considered vulnerable when their sleep metrics were lower than expected given their schedule-related load. Burnout, insomnia and pre-sleep arousal were strongly interrelated. Cognitive pre-sleep arousal fully mediated the association between burnout and insomnia, identifying bedtime rumination as a central cognitive pathway. In parallel, objective sleep-based adaptation profiles showed that vulnerable adaptors reported higher burnout, emotional exhaustion, and insomnia. Together, these findings support a cognitive-behavioral framework linking stress-related cognition to both subjective sleep complaints and objective shift adaptation in shift-working healthcare professionals.
Multimodal fusion of handwriting images and kinematic features for Parkinson disease detection.
Bensefia A, Al Hashlamoun N, Napa KK
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401608 · Full text
Parkinson's disease (PD) affects fine motor control and produces measurable abnormalities in handwriting and drawing. This study proposes a rigorously evaluated multimodal framework for PD detection that combines a Visio...
Parkinson's disease (PD) affects fine motor control and produces measurable abnormalities in handwriting and drawing. This study proposes a rigorously evaluated multimodal framework for PD detection that combines a Vision Transformer (ViT) for spiral and meander image analysis with an XGBoost classifier operating on 54 carefully engineered kinematic features extracted from multichannel handwriting signals. To assess how multimodal integration should be performed, both intermediate feature-level fusion and late decision-level fusion were evaluated under a strict 5-fold subject-wise cross-validation protocol, with supplementary sample-level analysis, on the NewHandPD dataset. The visual stream consistently outperformed the acquisition stream as a single modality, while both fusion strategies improved performance by exploiting complementary spatial (visual) and motor information. Intermediate fusion achieved the highest apparent discriminative performance, reaching 97.7% accuracy on spiral drawings and 98.5% accuracy on meander drawings, whereas late fusion provided more interpretable and modular behavior, with best subject-level results of 93.94% accuracy and AUC = 0.9687 for spiral, and 92.42% accuracy with AUC = 0.9770 for meander. These findings suggest that multimodal handwriting analysis can be an effective approach for Parkinson's disease detection on the NewHandPD dataset, although further validation on larger and independent cohorts is required.
Experimental and probabilistic reliability of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) under drop-weight impact.
Ajila Hexil S, Karthikeyan K
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401607 · Full text
Concrete structures subjected to impact loading exhibit considerable variability arising from material heterogeneity, non-uniform fiber dispersion, and stochastic crack development, making deterministic performance asses...
Concrete structures subjected to impact loading exhibit considerable variability arising from material heterogeneity, non-uniform fiber dispersion, and stochastic crack development, making deterministic performance assessment alone insufficient. This study presents an integrated experimental and probabilistic framework for evaluating fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) incorporating six fiber types: steel, glass, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, carbon, and basalt. Two concrete grades (M25 and M80) were investigated through compressive strength and repeated drop-weight impact tests. Nested analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to quantify the influence of fiber type and dosage, while a hierarchical Bayesian framework was employed to characterize uncertainty and reliability associated with compressive strength and impact resistance. The results revealed pronounced fiber and grade-dependent behavior, with the optimum steel fiber mixtures (SF-1.50 for M25 and SF-1.25 for M80) increasing impact resistance by approximately 141% and 166%, respectively, relative to the control mixtures. Steel fibers consistently exhibited the highest impact resistance and reliability, while basalt and carbon fibers emerged as the most effective non-metallic alternatives. ANOVA demonstrated that fiber type exerted a significantly greater influence on impact performance than dosage. Reliability assessment and probabilistic multi-objective optimization consistently identified SF-1.50 and SF-1.25 as the optimum mixtures for M25 and M80 concretes, respectively. The proposed framework provides a systematic basis for reliability-informed evaluation and selection of fiber-reinforced concrete subjected to repeated impact loading.
ALTCCO: an enhanced cuckoo catfish optimizer with LightTrack strategy for engineering design and UAV trajectory optimization.
Chen A, Quan N, Yan S
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401604 · Full text
In this work, an enhanced metaheuristic optimization algorithm, termed the Adaptive LightTrack Top-guided Cuckoo Catfish Optimizer (ALTCCO), is proposed to improve the performance of the original Cuckoo Catfish Optimizer...
In this work, an enhanced metaheuristic optimization algorithm, termed the Adaptive LightTrack Top-guided Cuckoo Catfish Optimizer (ALTCCO), is proposed to improve the performance of the original Cuckoo Catfish Optimizer (CCO) in solving complex numerical and real-world optimization problems. ALTCCO integrates three complementary strategies to reinforce population diversity, adaptive search, and convergence stability: (1) a bidirectional cross-interaction mechanism combining horizontal (dimension-wise) and vertical (segment-wise) crossover to enrich information exchange; (2) a LightTrack strategy incorporating historical position memory and stagnation-driven repulsive jumps to escape local optima; and (3) a top-guided adaptive mutation where mutation intensity is dynamically adjusted based on rank-based fitness to balance exploration and exploitation. ALTCCO was rigorously evaluated on 29 CEC2017 benchmark functions, five classic engineering design problems, and a high-dimensional 3D UAV path planning task in a complex constrained environment. Experimental results demonstrate that ALTCCO achieves superior convergence speed, optimization accuracy, and robustness across all test cases. On the CEC2017 benchmark suite, ALTCCO obtained the best results on 28 out of 29 benchmark functions and achieved the lowest average Friedman rank of 1.07 among thirteen competing algorithms. Additional high-dimensional experiments further confirmed its scalability, where ALTCCO maintained the best overall average ranks of 1.21 and 1.34 on the 50-dimensional and 100-dimensional CEC2017 benchmark sets, respectively. In the high-dimensional UAV path planning task, ALTCCO achieved the lowest mean path cost of 141.6121 with a standard deviation of only 2.2920, demonstrating excellent solution quality and stability. Statistical analyses based on the Friedman ranking and Wilcoxon signed-rank test further confirm the significant performance superiority of ALTCCO, establishing it as an efficient and versatile optimization framework for complex engineering applications.
AI-based decision support for sustainable landscape regeneration in aging residential communities.
Huang Y, Xie C
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401603 · Full text
Aging residential communities are increasingly confronted with significant landscape deficiencies, including inadequate tree canopy coverage, elevated land surface temperatures (LST), fragmented pedestrian networks, and...
Aging residential communities are increasingly confronted with significant landscape deficiencies, including inadequate tree canopy coverage, elevated land surface temperatures (LST), fragmented pedestrian networks, and insufficient outdoor rest facilities. These deficiencies disproportionately affect elderly residents who rely on walkable, thermally comfortable outdoor environments to maintain physical activity, social connections, and overall well-being. This study develops and evaluates a reproducible public-data framework for identifying and comparing landscape-regeneration needs in aging residential communities, utilizing directly measured accessibility, thermal, ecological, and service-access variables. We integrate multi-source geospatial data, including Sentinel-2 imagery, Landsat-8 thermal data, OpenStreetMap infrastructure, census demographics, and digital elevation models across 156 residential communities in Seoul, South Korea. An XGBoost-based prioritization model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.891 and an F1-score of 0.847, outperforming logistic regression (AUC = 0.712), random forest (AUC = 0.856), and weighted index baselines (AUC = 0.783). SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis revealed that summer LST, tree canopy coverage below 15%, and walking distance to healthcare facilities exceeding 800 m were the strongest predictors of regeneration priority. Intervention scenario modeling demonstrated that combined tree planting and accessible path reconstruction were associated with the largest improvements in outdoor usability scores (38.2% increase) under standardized intervention intensities. This framework provides municipalities with transparent, data-driven tools for prioritizing landscape interventions in communities serving aging populations.
Mathematical modeling of peritoneal buffer transport and acidosis correction in patients on peritoneal dialysis.
Pietribiasi M, Stachowska-Pietka J, Waniewski J … +2 more , Lindholm B, Heimbürger O
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401598 · Full text
Assessing buffer base kinetics in dialysate using the three-pore model of peritoneal transport is not enough to predict changes to the acid-base equilibrium in blood during peritoneal dialysis (PD). We complemented the t...
Assessing buffer base kinetics in dialysate using the three-pore model of peritoneal transport is not enough to predict changes to the acid-base equilibrium in blood during peritoneal dialysis (PD). We complemented the three-pore model with a model of acid-base homeostasis to evaluate differences between PD sessions using dialysis fluid buffered with lactate (PD4) or bicarbonate/lactate (B/L). Six patients underwent two 4-hour dwells with either B/L or PD4; blood and peritoneal fluid sampling was used to quantify intraperitoneal volume-using a radioiodinated albumin as volume marker-and solute concentrations. The integrated model describes CO and O transport across central circulation and tissues, predicting changes in acid-base equilibrium driven by peritoneal transport of bicarbonate, lactate, and dissolved CO. The model accurately predicted dialysate concentrations of bicarbonate and dissolved CO, with errors in the range 5-10% of measured values for both fluids, and with similar prediction errors for plasma concentrations despite tuning the model to dialysate data only. Estimated transport parameters fell into the expected ranges and were generally comparable between fluids. These results validate our understanding of transport kinetics and acid-base homeostasis during PD, demonstrating that different buffer compositions do not appear to impact small solute transport nor mechanisms of acid-base regulation.
Smallholder dairy farmers' milk marketing participation decision in North Mecha District, Ethiopia: a Heckman two-stage analysis.
Yizengaw YS, Kebede ZA, Degarege T … +2 more , Eller MR, Mendonça MAFC
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401594 · Full text
Smallholder dairy farmers in North Mecha District, Ethiopia, face persistent market exclusion partly attributable to limited access to institutional services and physical market infrastructure. Despite growing empirical...
Smallholder dairy farmers in North Mecha District, Ethiopia, face persistent market exclusion partly attributable to limited access to institutional services and physical market infrastructure. Despite growing empirical evidence on dairy market participation in Ethiopia, the joint determinants of the participation decision and the volume of milk supplied in peri-urban high-potential zones such as North Mecha District remain underexplored. This study aims to analyze the determinants of smallholder dairy farmers' milk marketing participation decision and the volume of milk supplied to the market. Data were collected from 186 smallholder farmers through a multistage sampling approach and analyzed using the Heckman two-stage model to correct for selection bias. The first-stage probit model revealed that farmland size, education level (years of schooling), age of the household head (negatively), distance to market (negatively), cooperative membership, access to improved forage, and access to veterinary services significantly influenced milk marketing participation. The second-stage OLS model shows that farmland size, livestock ownership, market distance(negatively), cooperative membership, and access to improved forage and veterinary services influence the quantity of milk supplied to the market. The positive and significant Inverse Mills Ratio (IMR) confirmed the presence of sample selection bias, validating the Heckman two stage approach. The findings highlight the need to strengthen institutional support, improve access to extension and animal health services, and promote cooperative membership. Targeted policy interventions including improved feed availability, quality animal health services, enhanced crossbreeding programs, and market infrastructure development are recommended to boost dairy productivity and milk marketing participation in the district.
Munc18-1 is crucial for photoreceptor function, survival and regulation of syntaxin-3 localization and expression.
Huang M, Chow CH, Noworolski R … +6 more , Charish J, Indrawinata K, Harada H, Wallace VA, Monnier PP, Sugita S
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401592 · Full text
The function of the SNARE complex regulator, Munc18-1, in photoreceptor cells is unknown. Here, we found that removing Munc18-1 from photoreceptors results in major degeneration starting at P14. In the absence of Munc18-...
The function of the SNARE complex regulator, Munc18-1, in photoreceptor cells is unknown. Here, we found that removing Munc18-1 from photoreceptors results in major degeneration starting at P14. In the absence of Munc18-1, before major photoreceptor degeneration, functional and synaptic impairments were present, indicating a critical function of Munc18-1. Furthermore, Munc18-1 played a critical role in expression and localization of syntaxin-3. The syntaxin-3 protein level is dramatically reduced in the soma and plasma membrane of photoreceptors without Munc18-1. At the photoreceptor synapses, the colocalization of syntaxin-3 and its SNARE partner, SNAP-25, was reduced, potentially suggesting an altered syntaxin-3 synaptic localization. In the Munc18-1-deficient photoreceptors, immature synapses and outer segment lesions were found. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that Munc18-1 is important for maintaining sufficient syntaxin-3 expression in the cell body and synapses of photoreceptors. The lack of Munc18-1, combined with poor syntaxin-3 expression, contributes to photoreceptor functional impairment and degeneration.
Heart failure promotes gingival inflammation and impairs periodontal remodeling.
Berger M, Rizk M, Kern JS … +10 more , Schulze-Späte U, Hennecke S, Neuhaus M, Kahles F, Moellmann J, Wolfart S, Jankowski J, Wolf M, Marx-Schütt K, Marx N
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401591 · Full text
Observational studies suggest an association between impaired oral health and cardiovascular disease; however, the directionality and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In particular, whether heart failure (HF) itself...
Observational studies suggest an association between impaired oral health and cardiovascular disease; however, the directionality and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In particular, whether heart failure (HF) itself adversely affects oral and periodontal health has not been systematically investigated in large populations or experimental models.We examined the association between HF and self-reported oral health indicators in 502,387 participants of the UK Biobank, including 17,356 individuals with HF defined by ICD-9/10 codes. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for demographic factors, cardiovascular comorbidities, systemic inflammation, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status were applied. To explore causality and mechanisms, periodontal tissue remodeling and inflammation were assessed in a murine model of pressure overload-induced HF using transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Periodontal ligament (PDL) space and alveolar bone microarchitecture were quantified by micro-computed tomography, and gingival inflammatory gene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR.HF patients exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of oral health burden compared with controls (51% vs. 40%, p<0.001). HF was associated with a 1.6-fold increased risk of impaired oral health, which remained significant after full adjustment (adjusted OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.14-1.22; p<0.001). In mice, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction following TAC was strongly associated with expansion of the maxillary PDL space (R = 0.63, p = 0.009) and alterations in alveolar bone microarchitecture (trabecular thickness R = 0.41 p = 0.061, trabecular number R = 0.38 p = 0.07). These structural changes were accompanied by increased gingival expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including Il1b (SHAM vs. TAC: 1.44 ± 1.02 vs. 3.39 ± 1.53, p = 0.06) and TNF-α (SHAM vs. TAC: 1.37 ± 0.86 vs. 5.71 ± 1.23, p = 0.002 predominantly in the maxilla.HF is independently associated with impaired oral health in a large population cohort and induces site-specific periodontal inflammation and remodelling in experimental HF. These findings support HF as an upstream driver of compromised oral-periodontal health, challenging the prevailing concept that oral disease primarily contributes to cardiovascular pathology.
Pan-cancer profiling of CDH2 and a GSK3β-sensitive anti-proliferative effect in K562 chronic myeloid leukemia cells.
Zhou Y, Chen F, Yang W … +2 more , Yang Z, Qiu R
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401590 · Full text
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is driven by uncontrolled myeloid proliferation, yet underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study investigated the pan-cancer expression profile of N-cadherin...
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is driven by uncontrolled myeloid proliferation, yet underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study investigated the pan-cancer expression profile of N-cadherin (CDH2) and its potential role in suppressing proliferation in K562 CML cells, with an exploratory focus on the GSK3β/β-catenin axis. We combined in silico analyses (TCGA/GEO datasets) with functional assays in K562 cells. CDH2 expression was assessed across 31 cancer types. In K562 cells, we evaluated the effects of CDH2 overexpression on proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and several proteins within the β-catenin/GSK3β network. CDH2 was significantly upregulated in 18 malignancies and downregulated in 10. It was associated with adverse overall survival in five solid tumors but favorable in KIRC. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), higher CDH2 expression correlated with poor-prognosis cytogenetic risk (P = 0.008). CDH2 expression also correlated with macrophage/NK cell infiltration in some solid tumors. In K562 cells, CDH2 overexpression suppressed proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest and early apoptosis. This was accompanied by increased total β-catenin protein but a reduced nuclear-to-cytoplasmic β-catenin ratio, without consistent changes in canonical Wnt target gene expression. Notably, the GSK3 inhibitor CHIR-99,021 reversed the anti-proliferative effect of CDH2, whereas the β-catenin degrader MSAB did not rescue it. CDH2 exhibits context-dependent expression across malignancies. In K562 CML cells, CDH2 overexpression suppresses proliferation through a GSK3β-sensitive mechanism. However, the precise molecular mechanism remains unresolved. Our findings suggest that targeting GSK3β may represent a therapeutic vulnerability in this model.
Soliton solutions and dynamical behaviors in ferroelectric thin films.
Ismael HF, Abdulkareem HH, Ahmed SF … +1 more , Firdi MD
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401589 · Full text
In this work, novel soliton features and dynamical behaviours in ferroelectric thin films are investigated. The governing equation is derived from the Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire mean-field theory, providing a framework f...
In this work, novel soliton features and dynamical behaviours in ferroelectric thin films are investigated. The governing equation is derived from the Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire mean-field theory, providing a framework for analysing polarization behaviour under external influences. First, this equation is reduced to a two-dimensional dynamical system, and phase-plane and bifurcation analyses are performed to classify equilibrium points and their stability. The system's response to periodic external forcing is then investigated, revealing rich nonlinear dynamics. Furthermore, traveling wave solutions are derived, including bright, kink, anti-kink, dark, and periodic solitons. These results provide analytical insight into nonlinear polarization structures relevant to ferroelectric thin films and related systems.
Development and external validation of a dual-stage predictive model for self-reported physician-diagnosed chronic lung disease, asthma, and lung cancer in Chinese adults.
Cui X, Sun X
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401586 · Full text
Chronic respiratory diseases represent a leading cause of global mortality, yet robust prediction tools integrating onset risk and long-term prognosis for aging populations remain scarce. Here, we present a dual-stage pr...
Chronic respiratory diseases represent a leading cause of global mortality, yet robust prediction tools integrating onset risk and long-term prognosis for aging populations remain scarce. Here, we present a dual-stage predictive framework for self-reported physician-diagnosed chronic lung disease, asthma, and lung cancer using two nationally representative Chinese cohorts. By systematically evaluating 96 fully linear models, we identified distinct pathophysiological drivers for disease onset versus mortality. While disease susceptibility was primarily driven by non-pulmonary comorbidities and systemic inflammation, survival outcomes were predominantly determined by functional exhaustion and frailty indicators. The two models achieved decent external validation in an oldest-old cohort. These findings elucidate a critical shift from disease accumulation to functional decline in respiratory pathology, providing an interpretable, evidence-based tool for early risk stratification and precise clinical intervention in elderly patients.
Ginger essential oil nanoemulsions outperform ginger extract nanoemulsions in extending the shelf life of tilapia fillets.
Soleimaninejad A, Ahari H, Anvar A … +1 more , Allahyaribeik S
Sci Rep · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401572 · Full text
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets, like many fish products, are highly perishable and require effective natural preservation strategies. This study compared the preservative efficacy of nanoemulsions derived from g...
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets, like many fish products, are highly perishable and require effective natural preservation strategies. This study compared the preservative efficacy of nanoemulsions derived from ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oil (GEO-NE) and crude aqueous extract (GE-NE), both formulated using ultrasonic homogenization. The nanoemulsions were first characterized for particle size distribution via dynamic light scattering (DLS), chemical composition via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and in vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). The optimal formulation (GEO-NE1) and GE-NE were then applied as coatings to tilapia fillets, which were stored at 4 °C and evaluated over 14 days for microbial (mesophilic and psychrotrophic counts) and chemical (total volatile basic nitrogen [TVB-N] and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) changes. Characterization revealed that GEO-NE was stable and monodisperse with a uniform particle diameter of 123.9 nm, whereas GE-NE was unstable and polydisperse (particle sizes ranging from 100.8 nm to > 5000 nm). GC-MS identified Sabinene (13.30%), E-Citral (11.47%), Z-Citral (10.70%), and Camphene (9.93%) as key GEO compounds. GEO-NE1 demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity (MIC/MBC: 125 µg/mL vs. S. aureus, 250 µg/mL vs. E. coli), whereas GE-NE was significantly weaker (MIC/MBC: 1000 µg/mL for both). During storage, GEO-NE1 significantly suppressed microbial growth, maintaining mesophilic counts at 6.78 log CFU/g by day 14 compared to the control (8.86 log CFU/g), and inhibited chemical spoilage, with final TVB-N and TBARS values of 26.8 mg/100 g and 0.16 mg MDA/kg, respectively, significantly lower than controls (44.6 mg/100 g and 0.48 mg MDA/kg). GE-NE showed only a minor effect (e.g., 7.42 log CFU/g mesophilic count) but was far less effective. These findings confirm the functional superiority of the stable GEO-NE and highlight the importance of physical stability in preservative nanoemulsions.
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