Psychiatry Research[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for persecutory delusions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Liu X, Wang H, Wang S … +5 more , Wang R, Zhao Q, Tian S, Guo X, Cao H
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Aug · PMID 42066482 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Persecutory delusions, prevalent in disorders like schizophrenia, significantly impair daily functioning and cause distress. Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has shown promise in treating delusions...
BACKGROUND: Persecutory delusions, prevalent in disorders like schizophrenia, significantly impair daily functioning and cause distress. Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has shown promise in treating delusions, no meta-analysis has specifically evaluated its effectiveness for persecutory delusions. OBJECTIVES: To identify studies on CBT specifically designed for patients with persecutory delusions and to evaluate its impact on delusion-related symptoms, including the conviction of persecutory delusions, paranoia severity, and psychological well-being. METHODS: A comprehensive search of 10 electronic databases was conducted until December 4, 2025, to identify randomized controlled trials on CBT for persecutory delusions. Two independent reviewers screened studies, assessed quality, and extracted data. RESULTS: Ten studies including 904 participants were included. CBT was associated with a small reduction in the conviction of persecutory delusions (SMD = -0.31, 95% CI, -0.45 to -0.18, p < 0.001; moderate-quality evidence), a small reduction in the severity of paranoia (SMD = -0.29, 95% CI: -0.43 to -0.15, p < 0.001; high-quality evidence), and a small improvement in psychological well-being (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.63, p = 0.01; moderate-quality evidence). Subgroup analyses revealed comparable effect sizes across intervention duration, session frequency, gender composition, and follow-up interval, with no evidence of effect modification. CONCLUSIONS: CBT shows promising efficacy for treating persecutory delusions. Further rigorous trials are required to determine optimal intervention parameters and long-term effects.
Perceived stress and addiction severity in adults with ADHD: A multi-domain analysis.
Romo L, Getin C, Therribout N … +3 more , Icick R, Fouques D, Zerhouni O
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Aug · PMID 42066481 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with an increased risk of addiction. However, few studies have compared multiple addiction domains within the same analytic framework using harmon...
BACKGROUND: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with an increased risk of addiction. However, few studies have compared multiple addiction domains within the same analytic framework using harmonized metrics. This study examined the predictors of addiction severity across alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, internet gaming, and gambling in adults with ADHD symptoms. METHODS: Adults reporting ADHD symptoms completed an online survey. Z-standardized severity scores were analyzed via linear mixed-effects models (N = 847 observations from 394 participants) alongside demographics, stress (PSS-10), and ADHD symptoms. An exploratory logistic regression (N = 82) predicted gambling problems. RESULTS: Mixed-effects models revealed no significant main effect of addiction type (all p > .650), indicating that relative severity was comparable across domains. Perceived stress was a significant positive predictor of severity. Current and retrospective ADHD symptoms were not significantly associated with addiction severity. Binary logistic regression identified internet gaming severity as a significant risk factor for the presence of gambling problems (OR = 1.09, p = .037). Alcohol use was not a significant predictor. CONCLUSIONS: Internet gaming severity was associated with the presence of gambling problems. However, general addiction severity appears to be driven more by perceived stress than by ADHD symptoms themselves. Furthermore, internet gaming may represent a risk factor for gambling problems, though this preliminary finding requires replication.
The global burden of autism spectrum disorders in children aged 0-14 years from 1990 to 2021: A population-based study.
Guo J, Chen M, Zhou Y … +4 more , Wang J, Huang Q, Ding J, Li M
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Aug · PMID 42066480 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) significantly impacts patients and their families. This study analyzes the global burden and trends of ASD in children (aged 0-14) from 1990 to 2021 using the Global Burden of D...
BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) significantly impacts patients and their families. This study analyzes the global burden and trends of ASD in children (aged 0-14) from 1990 to 2021 using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) data, providing epidemiological insights for prevention and early intervention. METHODS: We utilized GBD 2021 data and conducted various analyses including descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, age-period-cohort analysis, decomposition analysis, and projection analysis to evaluate the burden and trends of ASD in children. Statistical analyses and visualizations were performed using R 4.3.3. RESULTS: From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of ASD initially increased, then declined, while the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) showed an upward trend. Projections suggest further increases in ASPR and DALYs through 2030. In 2021, the global ASIR of ASD in children was 61.88 (95 % UI: 52.20, 72.92) per 100,000, with ASPR at 857.92 (95 % UI: 723.24, 1009.34) and DALYs at 165.09 (95 % UI: 111.88, 232.19). The onset of ASD is predominantly before the age of 5, with a higher burden in males. Severe burdens are more prominent in higher Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions, although low-SDI regions also exhibit notable burdens. Population growth is a key factor in increasing ASD burden, while aging has a mitigating effect. CONCLUSION: Although the ASIR of ASD has declined, ASPR and DALYs continue to rise and are expected to increase further, requiring enhanced efforts to reduce ASD's global burden.
A qualitative study of digital CBT for veteran depression: Treatment experiences and recommendations for healthcare system integration.
Pearson R, Mignogna J, Metts A … +3 more , Beevers CG, Post EP, Creech SK
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Aug · PMID 42066479 · Publisher ↗
Depression affects over one-third of US military veterans, yet substantial barriers impede access to evidence-based psychotherapy. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) offers promise for addressing trea...
Depression affects over one-third of US military veterans, yet substantial barriers impede access to evidence-based psychotherapy. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) offers promise for addressing treatment gaps, but no research has examined veteran experiences with fully self-guided digital interventions. This qualitative study explored how veterans with depressive symptoms engaged with Deprexis, a self-guided iCBT program, to inform strategic implementation within Veterans Health Administration (VHA) care systems. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 veterans (mean age 55.2 years, 44% female) who completed on average 7 of 10 iCBT program modules. Reflexive thematic analysis identified patterns across five domains: treatment motivation, therapeutic mechanisms, digital format features, engagement barriers, and implementation recommendations. Veterans valued treatment autonomy, privacy, and accessibility while identifying cognitive decentering and behavioral activation as key therapeutic mechanisms. However, participants articulated a fundamental paradox: iCBT requires self-initiated engagement precisely when depression most impairs motivation. Veterans recommended a stepped-care framework matching intervention intensity to symptom severity, with primary care as the optimal entry point for mild-to-moderate presentations. For moderate severity, veterans suggested minimal external support structures including care coordinator check-ins rather than intensive therapist contact, preserving the resource efficiency enabling scalability. Veterans positioned digital CBT as serving multiple strategic functions within VHA infrastructure: standalone treatment when appropriate, bridge intervention during specialty care waitlists, treatment motivator, or therapy adjunct. Findings provide actionable guidance for deploying evidence-based digital interventions within resource-constrained systems as precision tools addressing specific treatment gaps while preserving intensive services for complex presentations.
Climate-related distress in individuals with mental disorders in Germany: Results from a cross-sectional study.
Halms T, Grimmer J, Hindermayr S … +7 more , Leucht S, Sonntag N, Gensichen J, Kumar M, Xue S, Luykx JJ, Hasan A
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Aug · PMID 42061316 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Climate anxiety describes emotional responses such as worry or distress related to climate change. While it is common and linked to mental health in the general population, little is known about its relevance...
BACKGROUND: Climate anxiety describes emotional responses such as worry or distress related to climate change. While it is common and linked to mental health in the general population, little is known about its relevance for individuals with pre-existing mental disorders. METHODS: A nationwide cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Germany between March and July 2025 among adults with at least one self-reported mental disorder. Participants provided socio-demographic and clinical information and completed four items assessing dimensions of climate-related distress: general concern, perceived impact on mental well-being, perceived effects of climatic events on psychological symptoms, and interference with everyday functioning. Group differences were examined using non-parametric tests, and associations with age were analyzed using Spearman correlations with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: The sample included 427 participants (mean age 36.5 years; 73% female). Reported climate-related distress levels were relatively low across all dimensions within this sample, with minimal interference with daily functioning. Gender differences were found only for perceived effects of climatic events on psychological symptoms, with women reporting higher impact. Associations with age were weak and not significant after correction. Exploratory analyses indicated some variation across diagnostic groups, but most differences were small and did not remain significant after correction. DISCUSSION: Climate-related distress among individuals with mental disorders appears present but generally modest and rarely functionally impairing. Weak and inconsistent associations with sociodemographic and diagnostic factors suggest that climate-related distress is not strongly structured by specific diagnoses, supporting its consideration within broader clinical and psychological contexts.
The association between anhedonia and obesity: A systematic review.
Hajje N, Kwan ATH, Teopiz KM … +9 more , Dri CE, Cheung W, Le GH, Xu H, Wong S, Ho R, Cao B, Guillen-Burgos HF, McIntyre RS
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Aug · PMID 42061315 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Anhedonia, conceptualized here as a multidimensional transdiagnostic construct encompassing deficits in both hedonic experience (''liking'') and motivational reward processing (''wanting''), is frequently rep...
BACKGROUND: Anhedonia, conceptualized here as a multidimensional transdiagnostic construct encompassing deficits in both hedonic experience (''liking'') and motivational reward processing (''wanting''), is frequently reported in individuals with obesity; however, the nature of this relationship remains incompletely characterized. This systematic review synthesizes clinical evidence on the association between anhedonia and obesity, with an emphasis on behavioral, metabolic, and genetic mechanisms. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Ovid (MEDLINE and APA PsycInfo), Web of Science and ProQuest from inception to April 22, 2025. Studies were eligible if they included adults over the age of 18 with overweight or obesity and reported associations between anhedonia and obesity-related parameters. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-E for observational studies, RoB-2 for randomized trials, and STROBE-MR principles for Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Anhedonia measures included validated multidimensional scales, clinician-administered interviews, behavioral reward paradigms, and genetic proxies reflecting reduced interest or pleasure. RESULTS: Eight studies met inclusion criteria. Across observational studies, elevated anhedonia was associated with higher BMI, emotional eating, reduced motivation, and poorer adherence to lifestyle interventions in longitudinal cohorts, independent of depressive symptoms. One randomized trial found that individuals with anhedonia exhibited more disordered eating patterns and attenuated weight-loss outcomes over 12 months. Genetic evidence supported shared biological pathways: MR analyses supported a potential directional effect of higher genetically proxied BMI on anhedonia, and FTO polymorphisms were associated with hedonic impairments. LIMITATIONS: The evidence base was small and heterogeneous, and most studies were observational, limiting causal inference and generalizability. In addition, studies that measured both anhedonia and obesity-related variables but did not explicitly report their association were excluded based on te prespecified eligibility criteria, which may have narrowed the evidence base. CONCLUSION: Anhedonia is a significant correlate of obesity and may contribute to maladaptive eating, reduced treatment adherence, and metabolic dysfunction. Incorporating anhedonia screening into obesity interventions and targeting reward-processing deficits may improve clinical outcomes.
Longitudinal relationships among dissociation, paranoia, and anxiety in a clinical sample of individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum conditions.
Lebovitz JG, Kittleson AR, Sloan AF … +3 more , Torregrossa LJ, Park S, Sheffield JM
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Aug · PMID 42054844 · Publisher ↗
Individuals with schizophrenia endorse high levels of dissociative experiences; however, little is known about the mechanisms driving the link between psychosis and dissociative experiences. Cross-sectional research has...
Individuals with schizophrenia endorse high levels of dissociative experiences; however, little is known about the mechanisms driving the link between psychosis and dissociative experiences. Cross-sectional research has indicated that anxiety mediates the dissociation-paranoia relationship, but longitudinal investigations of these associations remain lacking. We therefore examined how dissociation, paranoia, and anxiety-related processes relate over time in a clinical sample. Seventy-seven individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum conditions (SZ) and 72 non-clinical comparison (NCC) participants completed a 24-week longitudinal study with self-report and clinician-administered measurements of dissociation, paranoia, and anxiety. Assessments were collected at six timepoints. Dissociation was significantly elevated in SZ and was significantly associated with paranoia at every study visit. Baseline dissociation related to paranoia at four and 24 weeks. Dissociation and paranoia were significantly associated longitudinally, with both decreasing over time. While there was an overall decrease in dissociative symptomology across the study duration in SZ, certain dissociative factors (body and reality) remained stably elevated. Anxiety-related processes at four-weeks, including general anxiety, perseverative thinking, and worry, showed indirect associations with the relationship between baseline dissociation levels and paranoia at 24-weeks, consistent with a mediation model. These results highlight the importance of anomalous experiences and worry in maintaining persecutory delusions. In addition, these findings underscore altered self-experience in schizophrenia and the importance of perceptual disturbance and anxiety-related processes in sustaining paranoia over time.
Exploring schizophrenia-associated image-derived digital phenotypes in dual-energy X-ray densitometer scans of non-dominant distal forearm: An explainable machine-learning framework.
Ahmad I, Wang Y, Guo S … +7 more , Cui L, Shen C, Zhang Z, Chen X, Xu H, Alawad TAM, Xue F
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Aug · PMID 42054843 · Publisher ↗
Schizophrenia remains diagnosed primarily through clinical assessment, which motivates the researchers to search for quantifiable digital phenotypes. Prior studies suggest that skeletal differences are associated with sc...
Schizophrenia remains diagnosed primarily through clinical assessment, which motivates the researchers to search for quantifiable digital phenotypes. Prior studies suggest that skeletal differences are associated with schizophrenia, leading us to explore whether bone structure might contain detectable disease-related digital signals. To investigate this possibility, we developed an end-to-end framework for recovering image-derived digital phenotypes from routine DXA scans of the non-dominant distal forearm. We segmented bone RoI in a de-identified, multi-center dataset of non-dominant distal forearm scans using a convolutional neural network (CNN), followed by the extraction of comprehensive radiomics features that capture dynamic descriptors. From the complementary visual representations, we formed a 15-channel visual stack. The radiomics features were modeled using Random Forest and XGBoost, and the visual stack features using a lightweight multi-channel CNN. We interpret models via TreeSHAP, Grad-CAM, and perturbation-based analyses. We evaluated performance on a test set, where XGBoost achieved an F1 score of 0.861, and Random Forest achieved 0.876. Our convergent importance analyses identified a compact, biologically plausible subset of features, i.e., orientation-sensitive texture, rotation-invariant shape, and multi-scale wavelet detail, localized by Grad-CAM. We observed that morphology channels exhibited low mean saliency but large performance drops when perturbed, indicating a supportive role in preserving bone geometry and spatial context. Through these experiments, we demonstrate that routine scan encodes associative phenotypes related to schizophrenia that are recoverable with transparent, auditable pipelines. Given missing covariates (e.g., BMI, medication, smoking, activity), the results are hypothesis-generating and motivate further validation and multimodal fusion with neuroimaging and behavioral data to assess generalizability and mechanistic relevance in the future.
Comment regarding "Genetic studies of psychosocial disability establish correlations and causal relationships with neuropsychiatric disorders".
Liu Y
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Aug · PMID 42048702 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Health and psychosocial differences between binary transgender and nonbinary adults: A national probability sample analysis.
Scorpiniti GL, Kidd JD, Corbeil TE … +2 more , Bockting WO, Meyer IH
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Aug · PMID 42044629 · Full text
Transgender and gender nonbinary individuals face significant health disparities, but existing research relies on convenience samples or combines gender-diverse individuals without examining subgroup differences. This an...
Transgender and gender nonbinary individuals face significant health disparities, but existing research relies on convenience samples or combines gender-diverse individuals without examining subgroup differences. This analysis uses data from two companion national probability samples (Generations and TransPop) to compare health and psychosocial outcomes between binary transgender adults (transgender men and transgender women) (n = 159) and nonbinary adults (n = 164). Multivariable regression models controlling for age, sex assigned at birth, and employment were used to examine differences in health outcomes, victimization, and social support. Among nonbinary individuals, 58.9% (95% CI 49.4-68.4) rated their health as "good" or better, compared to 78.4% (95% CI 69.9-86.8) of binary transgender participants. Functional limitations from physical or emotional problems were reported by 75.0% (95% CI 67.4-82.7) of nonbinary adults versus 41.4% (95% CI 31.6-51.2) of binary transgender adults. Psychological distress levels were comparable between groups. Nonbinary individuals had higher odds of physical or sexual assault (aOR=2.03, 95% CI 1.08-3.81) and partner conflict (aOR=2.74, 95% CI 1.29-5.82). Binary transgender adults more frequently reported unmet desires for parenthood (40.9%, 95% CI 30.9-50.8) than nonbinary adults (18.0%, 95% CI 10.7-25.3). Nonbinary individuals reported poorer future outlook, while life satisfaction was comparable. Friend support was lower among nonbinary individuals, though family support showed no differences. This analysis reveals that despite many similarities, binary transgender and nonbinary individuals face distinct challenges warranting targeted interventions.
Faster and greater antidepressant response to intravenous ketamine in bipolar compared with unipolar treatment-resistant depression: Diagnostic and sex-related findings from a naturalistic study.
Carmellini P, Fagiolini A, Pinzi M … +9 more , Magno M, Martella D, Nicchi L, Rescalli MB, Tarantino F, Tinturini R, Scheggi S, Gualtieri G, Cuomo A
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Aug · PMID 42044628 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Intravenous ketamine has emerged as a rapid-acting antidepressant intervention that has shown promising effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression, although evidence remains heterogeneous and les...
BACKGROUND: Intravenous ketamine has emerged as a rapid-acting antidepressant intervention that has shown promising effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression, although evidence remains heterogeneous and less well established across diagnostic subtypes. Nevertheless, real-world data comparing diagnostic subtypes and sex-related differences remain limited. This observational study examined the antidepressant efficacy, tolerability, and dissociative effects of intravenous ketamine in patients with treatment-resistant unipolar depression (TRD) and treatment-resistant bipolar depression (TRBD) in a naturalistic clinical setting. METHODS: Ninety-seven adult patients meeting DSM-5 criteria for unipolar or bipolar depression received racemic intravenous ketamine at a university psychiatric center. Depressive symptoms and global clinical severity were assessed at baseline and up to three months using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (CGI-S). Dissociative symptoms were measured with the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS). Longitudinal outcomes were analyzed using mixed-effects models. RESULTS: Both groups experienced significant reductions in depressive symptoms over time. Patients with bipolar depression demonstrated a faster and greater improvement than those with unipolar depression, with differences emerging from week 2 and persisting through three months. CGI-S scores showed a comparable pattern. The dissociative symptoms showed no change throughout the study and they appeared at the same level in all diagnostic categories. Sex-stratified analyses revealed no differences in antidepressant efficacy, although women with unipolar depression exhibited higher dissociative symptoms at three months. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous ketamine is effective in real-world treatment-resistant depression, with superior and more sustained antidepressant effects in bipolar compared with unipolar depression.
Intellectual developmental disability and risk of developing depression in type 2 diabetes.
Lee JH, Park J, Park YM … +4 more , Park YB, Jung JH, Kim BS, Nam GE
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Aug · PMID 42044627 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) places substantial physiological and psychological demands on patients and is independently linked to an elevated risk of depression. Intellectual developmental disability (IDD) is likew...
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) places substantial physiological and psychological demands on patients and is independently linked to an elevated risk of depression. Intellectual developmental disability (IDD) is likewise associated with metabolic disorders and a high prevalence of mood disturbances, yet communication barriers often delay diagnosis. Whether coexistence of IDD further amplifies the likelihood of new-onset depression in people with T2D remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between IDD and incident depression among Korean adults with T2D. METHODS: We analyzed 1,819,869 adults (≥ 20 years) with T2D who underwent the 2015-2016 Korea National Health Screening Program. Participants were classified as either IDD (n = 3665) or non-IDD groups. The primary outcome was new-onset depression identified up to 31 December 2022 following the health-screening date. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident depression. RESULTS: Participants with IDD were younger (mean age: 49.2 vs. 58.0 years) and had a lower proportion of men (55.9% vs. 61.8%) than those without IDD. Over a median follow-up of 5.8 years, 14.8% developed depression, with an elevated risk in the IDD group (HR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.53-1.77). This association was consistent across IDD severity and was especially marked in individuals under 65 and with T2D duration under five years. CONCLUSIONS: Coexisting IDD and T2D are linked to higher depression risk. Our finding underscores the need for tailored interventions, improved caregiver awareness, and enhanced screening to address mental health disparities.
Toxic exposure and rates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among U.S. military veterans.
Bourassa KJ, Stephenson M, Dennis PA … +12 more , Patel TA, Nugent SM, Patel P, Qin XJ, Chatzinakos C, Barr PB, Bigdeli TB, Hauser ER, Ashley-Koch AE, Program MV, Beckham JC, Kimbrel NA
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Aug · PMID 42033863 · Full text
Exposure to toxic substances has been linked to poorer mental health among U.S. military veterans broadly, but less is known about specific psychiatric outcomes, such as suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). In the cur...
Exposure to toxic substances has been linked to poorer mental health among U.S. military veterans broadly, but less is known about specific psychiatric outcomes, such as suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). In the current observational cohort study, we investigated toxic exposure and STBs using data from 248,926 veterans enrolled in the Million Veteran Program (MVP). Exposures to nine toxins (Agent Orange, chemical/biological weapons, anthrax vaccine, solvents/fuels, petroleum combustion products, lead, other metals, pesticides, and open-air burn pits) were assessed using self-report, and subsequent health records were used to assess STBs. Veterans with more toxic exposures were more likely to have STBs (OR = 1.17, 95% CI [1.16, 1.18], p < .001). In secondary analyses, we found associations were comparable (1.11 ≤ ORs ≤ 1.19) across major service cohorts in the MVP (pre-Vietnam, Vietnam, post-Vietnam, Gulf War, and post-9/11 eras). We also present rates and associations for specific toxic exposures, associations for specific categories of STBs, and show that PTSD and depressive symptoms accounted for the association between toxic exposure and STBs. Our results suggest that veterans who report more toxic exposure are also more likely to have STBs, and this association can be interpreted as a broader association between toxic exposure and poorer mental health. Future research is needed to determine whether toxic exposure might interact with genetic vulnerability to predict STBs for veterans, as well as how toxic exposure might result in increased risk for STBs.
Associations of psychosocial factors with suicidal ideation from adolescence to young adulthood: A 14-year study in Taiwan.
Wu PC, Lin RA, Chen MH
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Aug · PMID 42033862 · Publisher ↗
Suicide is a leading cause of death among young people, yet long-term studies of psychosocial risk factors for suicidal ideation (SI) in Asian youth are scarce. This study examined longitudinal associations between psych...
Suicide is a leading cause of death among young people, yet long-term studies of psychosocial risk factors for suicidal ideation (SI) in Asian youth are scarce. This study examined longitudinal associations between psychosocial factors and SI from adolescence to young adulthood. This study analyzed data from the Taiwan Youth Project, a 14-year school-based cohort of 5656 adolescents. Psychosocial variables and suicidal ideation were assessed across five waves. Multivariable generalized estimating equations with multiple imputation were used to examine associations. At baseline, the mean age was 14.36 years, with 50.64% being male. Over five waves of follow-up, the sample size decreased from 5541 to 2752, and the prevalence of suicidal ideation decreased from 15.68% to 2.80%. Conflict with parents [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.83, p < 0.001], maternal physical punishment (aOR = 1.48, p < 0.001), severed friendship (aOR = 1.67, p < 0.001), exposure to school bullying (aOR = 1.14, p = 0.049), illicit drug use (aOR = 3.34, p < 0.001), loneliness (aOR = 1.84, p < 0.001), depression (aOR = 2.75, p < 0.001), excessive worry (aOR = 1.77, p < 0.001), and difficulty falling asleep (aOR = 1.42, p < 0.001) and maintaining sleep (aOR = 1.80, p < 0.001) were associated with greater odds of SI. Several key psychosocial factors were associated with a higher risk of SI across adolescence and young adulthood. Identifying these factors may help early detection and intervention among at-risk youth.
Remnant Cholesterol and Incident Depression in Aging: A 14-Year Prospective Cohort Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis.
Qi M, Wang M, Li Y … +1 more , Cai X
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42030924 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Long-term cohort data combined with Mendelian randomization (MR) were used to investigate whether elevated remnant cholesterol (RC) causally contributes to depression risk. METHODS: A total of 4,422 adults ag...
BACKGROUND: Long-term cohort data combined with Mendelian randomization (MR) were used to investigate whether elevated remnant cholesterol (RC) causally contributes to depression risk. METHODS: A total of 4,422 adults aged ≥50 years from Wave 2 (2004-2005) of the ELSA were followed up to 14 years through Wave 9 (2019). Incident depression was defined as CES-D ≥4 during follow-up. Associations were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and subgroup analyses. Two-sample MR used 134 RC SNPs and depression GWAS data, with Bayesian weighted MR (BWMR) to reduce pleiotropy and support causality. RESULTS: Over 14 years, 1,048 incident depression cases occurred (23.7%); each 1 mmol/L higher RC was associated with a 1.2% increased risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.01, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.001-1.022, P = 0.030). Compared to Q1, participants in Q4 had a 24.8% increased risk (HR: 1.248, 95% CI: 1.005-1.550, P = 0.045). RCS revealed a significant positive linear association between RC and depression risk after multivariable adjustment (P for overall = 0.025; P for nonlinearity = 0.057). Subgroup analyses showed consistent effects across age, sex, BMI, diabetes, and lifestyle (all interaction P > 0.05). MR analyses confirmed that genetically elevated RC was associated with major depressive disorder and ICD-10 depressive episodes (primary outcomes, P < 0.05), with anxiety-related traits as secondary supportive evidence (P < 0.05). BWMR results validated IVW findings. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated RC is independently and causally linked to higher depression risk in middle-aged and older adults, with BWMR supporting its role as a modifiable biomarker for integrated cardiometabolic and psychiatric prevention.
Positive emotional dysregulation as a mediator between cannabis use and emotional disorder risk: Sex-specific pathways.
Iza-Fernández C, González-Roz A, García-Pérez Á … +2 more , Weidberg S, Secades-Villa R
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42030923 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Cannabis use exacerbates emotional symptomatology. Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic variable that may underlie the cannabis-emotional disorder link. Previous research has predominantly focuse...
BACKGROUND: Cannabis use exacerbates emotional symptomatology. Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic variable that may underlie the cannabis-emotional disorder link. Previous research has predominantly focused on ED when experiencing negative emotions while overlooking emotionally dysregulated behavior in the context of positive emotions (positive ED). This is the first study examining the mediating role of positive ED in the relationship between cannabis use and emotional disorder risk in youth, considering sex as a moderator. METHODS: 6365 [55.8% females; M(SD) = 19.37(2.63)] participants were assessed between September 2023-April 2024. Participants self-reported past-month cannabis use, emotional disorder risk [Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18)] and positive ED [Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Positive (DERS-P)]. Analyses included zero-order correlations, two-way ANOVAs, and simple moderation and moderated mediation models, with cannabis use as the independent variable, emotional disorder risk as the outcome, DERS-P as the mediator, and sex as the moderator. RESULTS: Cannabis use was associated with an increased emotional disorder risk, and higher levels of positive ED mediated this association. Sex emerged as a significant moderator, such that the indirect effect of cannabis use on emotional disorder risk via positive ED was stronger in females for ED total score and subscores, particularly through lack of emotional acceptance. In males, lower interference of goal-directed behavior mediated this association. CONCLUSIONS: Transdiagnostic interventions targeting positive ED may be especially beneficial for young cannabis users, with sex-sensitive approaches potentially enhancing their effectiveness.
Tardive dyskinesia and cognitive performances in late-life depression: a sex-stratified analysis.
Luca A, Luca M, Drago F … +1 more , Serretti A
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42030922 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The relationship between baseline cognitive performance and tardive dyskinesia (TD) is poorly understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of cognitive performance in the development of TD with a...
BACKGROUND: The relationship between baseline cognitive performance and tardive dyskinesia (TD) is poorly understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of cognitive performance in the development of TD with a specific focus on sex differences. METHODS: We included 255 participants from the IRL-GRey trial treated with venlafaxine plus aripiprazole or placebo without baseline dyskinesia who had at least one post-baseline Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) assessment. TD were considered as "present" using a highly sensitive but non-specific definition. Incident TD was assessed after Phase 1 (venlafaxine lead-in) in the full cohort (n = 255) and through the end of the randomized augmentation phase among non-remitters who entered randomization (n = 117). Incident TD was defined as AIMS item 8 ≥ 1 at the endpoint visit. A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was performed. RESULTS: Sixteen of 255 participants (6.3%) developed TD by the end of Phase 1; all were non-remitters. By the end of randomized augmentation, 21 of 117 non-remitters randomized (17.9%) were TD+. No differences in depression severity nor neuropsychological performance were found between TD+ and TD-. In the exploratory sex-stratified analyses, males TD+ showed lower performance on selected neuropsychological measures of executive functioning and attention than males TD-. CONCLUSIONS: In this late-life depression cohort, exploratory findings suggested a possible male-specific association between poorer executive and attentional functioning and subsequent TD development. However, given the small number of incident TD cases and the absence of correction for multiple comparisons, these results should be interpreted cautiously and need replication in larger studies.
Placental mitochondrial DNA variants, copy number and telomere length alterations in relation to antenatal depressive symptoms.
Thirumoorthy C, Mathew RP, Deepa M … +7 more , Ram U, Anjana RM, Balasubramanyam M, Mohan V, Saravanan P, Govindaraj P, Gokulakrishnan K
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42030921 · Publisher ↗
Depressive symptoms during pregnancy are linked to adverse offspring outcomes, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. Evidence suggests that maternal stress may alter placental biology and function. We,...
Depressive symptoms during pregnancy are linked to adverse offspring outcomes, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. Evidence suggests that maternal stress may alter placental biology and function. We, therefore, examined whether placental telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA alterations, including copy number and heteroplasmic burden, could be associated with antenatal depressive symptoms (ADS). Placental samples (n = 107) from the STRiDE pregnancy cohort were collected at birth. Participants were classified as ADS (n = 54) and controls (n = 53) based on PHQ-9 scores at 24-28 gestational weeks. Placental TL and mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) were measured by qRT-PCR, and mitochondrial genome sequencing was performed using next generation sequencing. Placental TL (Median: 0.430 vs 0.440; p = 0.006) and mtDNA-CN (Median: 0.715 vs 0.990; p = 0.005) were significantly reduced in the ADS group compared to controls. Linear regression analyses showed that higher PHQ-9 scores were significantly associated with shorter placental TL (β = -0.012, p < 0.001) and lower placental mtDNA-CN (β = -0.072, p < 0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders. Mitochondrial genome analysis revealed a higher heteroplasmic burden, including four novel heteroplasmic variants and one deleterious mutation (m.7458G > A in MT-TS1) in ADS. In conclusion, lower placental TL and mtDNA-CN were associated with ADS, suggesting impaired mitochondrial and telomeric integrity. A higher heteroplasmic burden and the presence of a potentially deleterious variant in ADS suggest that mitochondrial genome instability could be mediated by ADS.
Compensatory cognitive training for unstably housed, post-9/11 veterans in residential mental health treatment: A randomized controlled trial.
Twamley EW, Keller AV, Maye JE … +9 more , Austin TA, Zakrzewski JJ, Campbell LM, Silverman IH, Pickell D, Clark JMR, Schy MZ, Parikh M, Jak AJ
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42025611 · Full text
Addressing homelessness in returning Veterans is a national priority. Contributors to homelessness include traumatic brain injury (TBI), psychiatric illness, substance abuse, and other medical conditions that are associa...
Addressing homelessness in returning Veterans is a national priority. Contributors to homelessness include traumatic brain injury (TBI), psychiatric illness, substance abuse, and other medical conditions that are associated with cognitive impairment, which can interfere with obtaining income, housing, and rehabilitation. Compensatory Cognitive Training (CCT) is an intervention that teaches compensatory cognitive strategies to improve functioning in prospective memory, attention, learning/memory, and executive functioning, along with strategies to reduce stress and improve sleep. The current randomized controlled trial examined the efficacy of CCT compared to a robust control condition, Holistic Cognitive Education (HCE). Post-9/11 Veterans (n = 79) who were homeless or unstably housed and receiving VA residential psychiatric rehabilitation completed assessments at baseline, midpoint (5 weeks), and post-treatment (10 weeks). Veterans were randomized to receive 10 once-weekly, 1-hour manualized individual sessions of either CCT or HCE. Outcome measures included self-reported symptom and functioning ratings and a neuropsychological assessment. Multi-level modeling was used to examine treatment-related improvements in neuropsychological functioning and neurobehavioral symptoms at post-treatment. The models revealed that compared to the HCE group, the CCT group demonstrated greater improvements in attention/vigilance performance (d = 0.89), cognitive symptoms (d=-1.53), and interpersonal functioning (getting along with others; d=-0.87). HCE participants demonstrated greater improvement in speed of processing (a domain not targeted by CCT; d=-0.65). CCT has the potential to improve objective attention/vigilance and self-reported cognitive symptoms and interpersonal difficulties in unstably housed Veterans with complex medical and psychiatric comorbidities.
Major depressive episode symptoms and help-seeking behavior: A network analysis in a nationally representative cohort.
Scheer V, Argui S, Fayad M … +6 more , Lemogne C, Blanco C, Peyre H, Sánchez-Rico M, Limosin F, Hoertel N
Psychiatry Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42025610 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Major depressive episode remains largely untreated, and identifying symptom-level predictors of help-seeking is a clinical priority. This study uses network analysis to examine these predictors in a longitudi...
BACKGROUND: Major depressive episode remains largely untreated, and identifying symptom-level predictors of help-seeking is a clinical priority. This study uses network analysis to examine these predictors in a longitudinal nationally representative cohort. METHODS: The population consisted of individuals who had experienced a major depressive episode in the year prior to the interview and who had not sought care during that period. We estimated a symptom network including DSM-IV major depressive episode criteria at baseline (Wave 1), depressive symptoms at three years, and help-seeking behavior at three years (Wave 2). Bridge centrality indices were computed to identify key symptoms linking depressive symptoms to help-seeking behavior. Sensitivity analyses tested robustness to adjustment for symptom burden, episode duration, and functional impairment. RESULTS: Among the 1900 individuals with major depressive episode at Wave 1, 16.4% (312) sought help three years later, with 81.1% (256) consulting a healthcare professional and 78.8% (244) receiving a prescription. Three symptoms at follow-up were significantly linked to help-seeking: fatigue, insomnia, and suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation at baseline was indirectly linked to help-seeking through its persistence at three-year follow-up. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that the three key symptoms remained significantly associated with help-seeking after adjustment for symptom count, episode duration, and functional impairment. CONCLUSION: Fatigue, insomnia, and suicidal ideation represent key predictors of help-seeking in individuals with untreated major depressive episode. The persistence of suicidal ideation underscores the importance of its systematic assessment in clinical practice. These findings support the development of symptom-anchored interventions to facilitate earlier engagement with care.
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