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Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi = Zhonghua Ganzangbing Zazhi = Chinese Journal Of Hepatology[JOURNAL]
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi = Zhonghua Ganzangbing Zazhi = Chinese Journal Of Hepatology[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
[Exploring the research on the molecular mechanisms of autoimmune liver diseases].
Liu YQ, Jiang XW, Li Y … +1 more , Liu XL
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Mar · PMID 41956792 · Full text
Autoimmune liver diseases include subtypes such as autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis, which are caused by abnormal immune system attacks on hepatocytes or bile ducts. This article reviews their molecul...
Autoimmune liver diseases include subtypes such as autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis, which are caused by abnormal immune system attacks on hepatocytes or bile ducts. This article reviews their molecular mechanisms from three aspects: genetics, environment, and immunity. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene polymorphisms such as and show regional specificity, and non-HLA gene variants such as CTLA4 and FAS also contribute to disease development in terms of genetic factors. Cross-immune responses are triggered through 'molecular mimicry," disturbances in bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota imbalances affect disease progression via the gut-liver axis; and Escherichia coli infection is closely related to primary biliary cholangitis on the basis of environmental factors. Regulatory T cell dysfunction disrupts self-tolerance, abnormal activation of Th17 cells, and alterations in mucosa-associated invariant T cell function lead to liver damage, and chemokines exacerbate local inflammation in terms of immune regulation. The above mechanisms collectively form a molecular network for the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver disease, providing a basis for targeted therapy.
[The value of the nutritional assessment index or score in prognostic evaluation for patients with liver cancer].
Shen JC, Kang J, Lei Y … +3 more , Zhang DZ, Cai DC, Li J
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Mar · PMID 41956791 · Full text
Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor and a leading cause of mortality worldwide, which currently lacks standardized prognostic assessment criteria. Nutritional factors are crucial for patients with liver cancer progn...
Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor and a leading cause of mortality worldwide, which currently lacks standardized prognostic assessment criteria. Nutritional factors are crucial for patients with liver cancer prognosis, and there are various methods for nutritional risk screening and assessment, among which nutritional indices or scores are simple and easy to implement. In recent years, nutritional indexes or scores such as the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, Prognostic Nutritional Index, Psoas Muscle Index, and Controlling Nutritional Status Score have become research hotspots regarding their impact on the prognosis of liver cancer. This review summarizes the relevant content with the aim of enhancing understanding of nutritional status affecting the prognosis, providing a basis for improving prognosis, and offering new ideas for research on prognostic evaluation models for patients with liver cancer.
[Novel advances following the integration of Baveno VII consensus definitions for the non-invasive testing of portal hypertension].
Chen JL, Yang CQ
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Mar · PMID 41956790 · Full text
Portal hypertension (PH) is a common and severe complication, which significantly affects patients with liver cirrhosis' quality of life and prognosis. In recent years, the assessment and management of PH have gradually...
Portal hypertension (PH) is a common and severe complication, which significantly affects patients with liver cirrhosis' quality of life and prognosis. In recent years, the assessment and management of PH have gradually gained attention, especially with the Baveno VII consensus, which proposed definitions for key events as well as the latest advances in its diagnosis and treatment method, emphasizing the diagnostic value of non-invasive tests (NITs) and providing novel perspectives for research in this field. This article reviews the existing literature to explore the application of novel NITs in the diagnosis of PH so as to provide prospects for their future development.
[Exploration and application of nanotechnology in precision transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma].
Kong JQ, Li R, Zuo RN … +3 more , Zhang X, Ding ZH, Dai Y
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Mar · PMID 41956789 · Full text
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a first-line therapy for intermediate-to-advanced- stage hepatocellular carcinoma, but its clinical efficacy is often limited by incomplete embolization, systemic toxicity of che...
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a first-line therapy for intermediate-to-advanced- stage hepatocellular carcinoma, but its clinical efficacy is often limited by incomplete embolization, systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs, and tumor recurrence and metastasis caused by the postoperative microenvironment. The emergence of nanotechnology provides a novel solution to overcome these bottlenecks. This article aims to review new strategies and clinical translations of nanoparticles as intelligent carriers in enhancing the TACE efficacy. Furthermore, it focuses on the latest advances of nanotechnology in achieving precise embolization, targeted drug delivery, multimodal imaging guidance, and others. This article further analyzes the new concept of the synergistic therapeutic approach of loading anti-angiogenic drugs or active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicine onto nanocarriers to synergistically enhance the anti-recurrence effect of TACE, and lists relevant nanomedicine cases that have entered clinical trials. Although nanotechnology still faces challenges, such as biosafety profile, large-scale production, and personalized application in the clinical translation of TACE, the deep integration of materials science, interventional medicine, and biotechnology to build an "integrated diagnosis and treatment" intelligent nanoplatform will surely propel TACE from empirical treatment to a new era of precision medicine, opening up new avenues for improving the prognosis of patients with intermediate and advanced stage HCC.
[Gut microbiota-associated metabolites with drug-induced liver injury].
Gao WK, Yan SQ, Che JK … +3 more , Yang Y, Chu HK, Yang L
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Mar · PMID 41956788 · Full text
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a condition that is induced by the hepatocellular toxicity of drugs or their metabolites or by hypersensitivity reactions of the liver to drugs and their metabolites. Clinical heteroge...
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a condition that is induced by the hepatocellular toxicity of drugs or their metabolites or by hypersensitivity reactions of the liver to drugs and their metabolites. Clinical heterogeneity is high, with diverse liver injury patterns associated with drug toxicity, the body's functioning status, and individual susceptibility. The incidence rate shows an increasing trend year by year, and there is a lack of efficient and specific treatment methods. In recent years, the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites has received considerable attention in DILI. Patients with DILI exhibit imbalances in gut microbial ecology, with changes in the relative abundance of specific microbial populations and their associated metabolites (such as lipopolysaccharides, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, etc.), which can further participate in the DILI process through the "gut-liver axis." Therefore, gut microbiota-targeted regulation and metabolite intervention are expected to become novel targets for DILI diagnosis and treatment. This review focuses on the impact of microbiota-associated metabolites on DILI and explores their potential value in clinical prevention and treatment, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of DILI pathogenesis and the development of novel intervention strategies.
[Research advances on hepatic encephalopathy following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt].
Ye JJ, Pan YL, Wang J … +1 more , Lyu Y
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Mar · PMID 41956787 · Full text
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an important therapeutic method for complications of portal hypertension in cirrhosis, but the high incidence rate of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy seriously...
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an important therapeutic method for complications of portal hypertension in cirrhosis, but the high incidence rate of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy seriously affects patient prognosis. Current research focuses on the core mechanisms and intervention methods specific to or related to TIPS, clarifying that the risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy are centered on perioperative TIPS parameters (stent diameter, portosystemic venous pressure gradient, spontaneous portosystemic shunt). The pathogenesis is key to shunt-related ammonia metabolism imbalance, hemodynamic abnormalities, and gut-hepatic-brain axis abnormalities. Prevention and treatment strategies revolve around a comprehensive management system of "preoperative risk stratification-intraoperative precise shunt-postoperative targeted intervention," emphasizing TIPS-specific procedures such as stent optimization, spontaneous portosystemic shunt closure, and flow-limiting stents, as well as targeted technologies like fecal microbiota transplantation and artificial intelligence risk prediction, ultimately providing practical evidence for the precise prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy following TIPS.
[Research progress on the multidimensional regulation of gut microbiota on metabolism, immunity, and inflammatory response in metabolic associated fatty liver disease].
Wu ST, Lu XL
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Mar · PMID 41956786 · Full text
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the main cause of chronic liver disease and hepatic dysfunction, with its incidence rate increasing year by year in China. The gut microbiota and its metabolites promot...
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the main cause of chronic liver disease and hepatic dysfunction, with its incidence rate increasing year by year in China. The gut microbiota and its metabolites promote the occurrence and development of diseases by affecting host metabolism, immunity, and inflammatory responses. Current research focuses primarily on the single-dimension or unidirectional effects of metabolism, immunity, and inflammation, with a lack of comprehensive recognition about the complex regulation of their interaction in MAFLD. Therefore, this paper summarizes the effects of gut microbiota on the host and liver from three aspects: metabolism regulation, immunity, and inflammatory response. Additionally, it systematically reveals the multidimensional regulatory mechanism of gut microbiota in MAFLD, providing a basis for understanding the pathogenesis of MAFLD and formulating precise therapies.
[Clinical features and pathological scoring analysis of hepatic amyloidosis].
Gong YX, Du ZX, Yang Y … +3 more , Li SS, Wang JL, Yang YF
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Mar · PMID 41956785 · Full text
To explore the relationship between clinical manifestations and pathological features so as to provide a theoretical basis for the assessment of the condition in patients with hepatic amyloidosis. Twelve patients diagno...
To explore the relationship between clinical manifestations and pathological features so as to provide a theoretical basis for the assessment of the condition in patients with hepatic amyloidosis. Twelve patients diagnosed with hepatic amyloidosis at the Second Hospital of Nanjing City from 2018 to 2024 were included. General condition, clinical manifestations, pathological features, and prognostic status were analyzed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed on liver biopsy specimens to assess the pathological features of amyloidosis. The area of amyloidosis relative to the area of liver biopsy tissue in random fields was used as the score for the degree of liver degeneration. The Child-Pugh score was used to assess the patients' clinical phenotype. Data analysis was performed using R4.4.2 software. Univariate logistic regression and Spearman analysis were conducted. Of the twelve cases, one was female and eleven were male, with a median age of onset of 63.5 (62, 65) years. All patients presented with fatigue, poor appetite, and hepatomegaly. Liver function tests showed cholestatic liver injury. Six patients had a Child-Pugh score of A, while six had a B or C. Four had a pathological score of two, while eight had a score of three. Univariate logistic regression analysis and Spearman analysis showed no correlation between the degree of pathological damage and the patients' clinical indicators or Child-Pugh scores. Patients presenting with fatigue, poor appetite, hepatomegaly, and cholestatic liver injury should be further differentiated from amyloidosis after ruling out other necessary common causes in clinical practice. To prevent any delay in therapy, clinicians should accurately evaluate the patient's condition for liver biopsy tolerance and conductance.
[Impact of anti-gp210 and anti-centromere antibody dual positivity on clinical prognosis in patients with primary biliary cholangitis: risk analysis and establishment of response criteria].
Luo J, Ding DW, Guo GY … +14 more , Su SH, Yang CY, Jia G, Sun RQ, Deng J, Zheng LH, Luo GH, Yin F, Liu YS, Cui LN, Guo CC, Zhou XM, Shang YL, Han Y
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Mar · PMID 41956784 · Full text
To explore the impact and establish biochemical response criteria for optimized risk stratification for anti-glycoprotein (gp) 210 and anti-centromeric antibodies (ACA) dual positivity on the prognosis of patients with p...
To explore the impact and establish biochemical response criteria for optimized risk stratification for anti-glycoprotein (gp) 210 and anti-centromeric antibodies (ACA) dual positivity on the prognosis of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 1 286 PBC patients who visited the Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, from June 2006 to March 2025. Patients were grouped according to their serum autoantibody status. Clinical data such as baseline demographic characteristics, laboratory indicators, and histological staging were collected. The endpoint events were complications of cirrhosis (ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal bleeding, etc.), hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, or death. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test was used to compare differences between groups. ROC curves were plotted to compare the predictive performance of different biochemical response criteria. Continuous data were compared using the independent samples -test or the Mann-Whitney rank-sum test between the groups. Categorical data were compared using the test or Fisher's exact test between the groups. Patients with dual positivity for anti-gp210 antibody and ACA had significantly shorter event-free survival (<0.05). Early-stage patients with dual positivity had a significantly higher incidence of adverse events than other groups (46.05%, <0.05), along with lower serum albumin (ALB) and platelet count (PLT) levels (<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.873 (95%: 0.771-0.975) for the biochemical response criteria based on ALB ≥1×lower limit of normal (LLN) and PLT ≥1×LLN after one year of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment. The incidence rate of adverse events in biochemical respondents was 4.3%, which was superior to other biochemical response criteria in predicting adverse events in early-stage dual-positive patients (<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of endpoint events among the different biochemical response criteria groups in late dual-positive patients (>0.05). PBC patients with dual positivity for anti-gp210 antibody and ACA have a poorer prognosis and exhibit a high risk of decompensation in the early stages of disease. Biochemical response criteria based on ALB and PLT can accurately identify high-risk patients with dual positivity at an early stage, providing an objective basis for implementing early intensive intervention strategies for high-risk patients in clinical practice.
[Construction of a predictive model for recompensation in patients with decompensated viral hepatitis-induced cirrhosis].
Xu DQ, Mu H, Sa CF … +3 more , Zhang YY, Mou CY, Liu L
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Mar · PMID 41956783 · Full text
To explore the influencing factors and construct a predictive model for recompensation in patients with decompensated viral hepatitis-induced cirrhosis. Data were retrospectively collected from 734 cases diagnosed with...
To explore the influencing factors and construct a predictive model for recompensation in patients with decompensated viral hepatitis-induced cirrhosis. Data were retrospectively collected from 734 cases diagnosed with decompensated hepatitis B and C-induced cirrhosis who visited the Third People's Hospital of Kunming between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2022. Patients without portal hypertension-related complications within at least one year were included in the recompensation group (=270), while those without recompensation were included in the persistent decompensation group (=464). Logistic regression analysis was performed on factors that influence recompensation. The discriminant power of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the calibration of the model was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration plot. A nomogram-based risk prediction model was established using the "rms" package. Continuous data were compared using the independent samples -test or rank-sum test between the groups. Categorical data were compared using the test or Fisher's exact test between the groups. Recompensated occurred in 270 of the 734 patients with viral hepatitis cirrhosis decompensation, with an incidence rate of 36.78%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that gender [odds ratio ()=0.602, =0.044], history of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (=6.517, =0.005), oral administration of nonselective β receptor blockers (=2.353, =0.015), sustained virological response (=4.639, <0.001), hemoglobin (=1.012, =0.010), albumin (=1.101, <0.001), and portal vein width (=0.730, <0.001) were independent influencing factors for recompensation in patients with decompensated viral hepatitis-induced cirrhosis. The value of the constructed prediction model was >0.05 in the modeling group and the validation group, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.776 and 0.724, respectively. Patients with decompensated viral hepatitis cirrhosis who have a history of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), sustained virological response, and oral administration of non-β-selective receptor blockers are more likely to undergo recompensation, while male patients and those with low hemoglobin, low albumin, and increased portal vein width are less likely to undergo recompensation. The constructed nomogram predictive model can effectively assess the occurrence of recompensation in patients with decompensated-stage viral hepatitis cirrhosis.
[A dual-center study of enhanced CT-based nomograms predicts spontaneous portosystemic shunts on initial hemorrhage from rupture of esophageal gastric varices in cirrhosis].
Yan XZ, Chu JH, Li B … +5 more , Chen XY, Yuan BS, Li HY, Wang GL, Ji Q
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Mar · PMID 41956782 · Full text
To explore the value of an enhanced CT-based nomogram for predicting spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSS) on initial hemorrhage from rupture of esophageal gastric varices in cirrhosis. Clinical and imaging data from...
To explore the value of an enhanced CT-based nomogram for predicting spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSS) on initial hemorrhage from rupture of esophageal gastric varices in cirrhosis. Clinical and imaging data from 212 cases with esophageal gastric varices in cirrhosis were retrospectively collected from two hospitals. The 166 cases collected from one hospital were used as the training group (87 patients in the hemorrhagic group and 79 patients in the non-hemorrhagic group), while 46 patients collected from the other hospital were used as the external validation group (18 patients in the hemorrhagic group and 28 patients in the non-hemorrhagic group). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables for constructing the optimal predictive model. The nomogram was used to illustrate the model. The training set was internally validated by the Bootstrap method. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the discrimination of the model. The accuracy and clinical benefit of the model were assessed using standard curves and clinical decision curves. Statistical analysis was performed using the independent samples -test, Mann-Whitney test, test, or Fisher's exact probability method according to the different data. There were statistically significant differences in Child-Pugh grade, model for end-stage liver disease score, albumin, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, prothrombin time, alanine aminotransferase, international normalized ratio, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, inferior vena cava diameter, portal vein diameter, splenic vein diameter, SPSS diameter, SPSS volume, and portal vein thrombosis between the two training groups (<0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed statistically significant differences with statistical significance between the two groups for some indicators (<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SPSS volume, portal vein diameter, portal vein thrombosis, prothrombin time and hemoglobin had the optimal prediction model for establishment of the initial hemorrhage from rupture of esophagogastric variceal in cirrhosis. The AUCs for the training, internal validation, and external validation groups were 0.822, 0.806, and 0.802, respectively. The calibration curve demonstrated good consistency. The clinical decision curve indicated that the net benefit of the prediction model was significantly higher than all positive or negative predictions within a larger threshold range. An enhanced CT-based nomogram can accurately predict SPSS on the initial hemorrhage from rupture of esophagogastric varices in cirrhosis.
[Advances in clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of pre-acute-on-chronic liver failure].
Nie YH, Cai DC
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41795981 · Full text
Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a severe syndrome characterized by a rapid decline in liver function and multiple organ failure, with rapid progression often already in the mid-to-late stage by the time it is clinicall...
Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a severe syndrome characterized by a rapid decline in liver function and multiple organ failure, with rapid progression often already in the mid-to-late stage by the time it is clinically diagnosed in patients with chronic liver disease. Currently, there are no therapeutic drugs that are efficacious, and the short-to medium-term mortality rate is high. Some academics have proposed establishing a term, "pre-acute-on-chronic liver failure," to denote a transitional stage for patients prior to their progress to acute-on-chronic liver failure. Early-stage intervention has been shown to effectively improve patient prognosis. This review explores the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of pre-acute-on-chronic liver failure from recent years, with the aim to improve clinicians'' understanding and promote early-stage prevention and treatment.
[Liver-bone axis: novel mechanisms and strategies for MAFLD regulation].
Wang YW, Yan XZ, You H … +1 more , Yang AT
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41795980 · Full text
Bones not only play an important role in providing structural support in the human body but also play a critical role in regulating the pathophysiological processes of various organs by secreting specific cytokines (oste...
Bones not only play an important role in providing structural support in the human body but also play a critical role in regulating the pathophysiological processes of various organs by secreting specific cytokines (osteokines). Growing evidence confirms the existence of extensive and close interaction between the liver and bone, known as the liver-bone axis. The regulatory role of the liver-bone axis in chronic liver diseases offers a novel research concept, particularly for understanding the complex metabolic regulatory network of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This paper summarizes the latest advances, elucidates the bidirectional regulatory effects, and explores the roles of key factors in the liver-bone axis in MAFLD progression.
[Research progress on liver transplantation therapy for hepatic metastases in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors].
Yang K, Zhang WQ, Chen CY … +1 more , Jiang WT
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41795979 · Full text
Neuroendocrine tumors are rare, low-grade malignant tumors with a gradually increasing incidence rate in recent years, with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors being the most common among them. The majority of g...
Neuroendocrine tumors are rare, low-grade malignant tumors with a gradually increasing incidence rate in recent years, with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors being the most common among them. The majority of gastropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have already metastasized to the liver at the time of initial diagnosis; therefore, treatment targeting liver metastases is crucial. The most effective treatment for hepatic metastases of gastropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is surgical resection. However, 60%-70% of patients are ineligible for radical resection due to diffuse liver involvement. Thus, an alternative treatment option offered for these patients is liver transplantation. Liver transplantation is considered an indication for well-differentiated, unresectable hepatic metastases of gastropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors because of the tumor's low invasiveness, slow growth, and the fact that the liver is often the only distant metastasis site. This article reviews the research progress of liver transplantation therapy for hepatic metastases in gastropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
[Research progress on the quercetin target role and signaling pathway in anti-liver fibrosis].
Zhao RQ, Liu HY, Yan JM … +7 more , Hao Y, Ding YX, Zhang F, Zhou RM, Zhao R, Bai F, Bai WF
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41795978 · Full text
Hepatic fibrosis is a common chronic liver disease, and its pathogenesis and influencing factors exhibit diverse characteristics. Pharmacological intervention is currently the main therapeutic approach for hepatic fibros...
Hepatic fibrosis is a common chronic liver disease, and its pathogenesis and influencing factors exhibit diverse characteristics. Pharmacological intervention is currently the main therapeutic approach for hepatic fibrosis. Quercetin is a flavonoid compound with multiple biological activities, which can inhibit inflammatory responses, reduce oxidative stress, suppress hepatic stellate cell activation and excessive collagen deposition, and regulate hepatic lipid metabolism, thus exerting anti-hepatic fibrosis effects. Quercetin delays the progression of fibrosis via regulating signaling pathways such as Rac1/NOX1 and transforming growth factor-β1/Smad, thereby diminishing the activity of hepatic stellate cells and their accumulation in the extracellular matrix. Quercetin can also enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and reduce the damage of oxidative free radicals to hepatocytes by regulating the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element signaling pathway. Furthermore, it can inhibit the activation of the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB pathway and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, thus alleviating the inflammatory response. Concurrently, quercetin plays an active role in terms of regulating liver lipid metabolism, reducing abnormal lipid accumulation, and lessening the burden on hepatocytes. The multi-target and multi-pathway functional properties of quercetin render it highly promising in alleviating the pathological progression of liver fibrosis. This article summarizes the signaling pathways and target roles of quercetin in the treatment of liver fibrosis, providing an important reference for clinical intervention strategies and novel drug research and development.
[Heterogeneity of tumor-associated macrophages and precision targeting strategies in hepatocellular carcinoma].
Huang K, Zhang GQ
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41795977 · Full text
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant immune cell content in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma and are associated with tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. This article describes...
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant immune cell content in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma and are associated with tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. This article describes novel TAM subpopulations and potential targets in hepatocellular carcinoma that have been identified based on single-cell and spatial omics technologies. Additionally, it proposes TAMs' classification according to their functions into immunosuppressive, lipid-metabolizing, angiogenic, liver-resident, and immune-stimulating types and summarizes four major therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs, providing a reference for novel TAM-targeted therapies.
[A case of segmental atrophy of the liver in children].
Qiu YL, Mao Y, Lu CL
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41795976 · Full text
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[Positive antinuclear antibodies suggest a high inflammatory burden phenotype: a multicenter retrospective analysis of patients with primary biliary cholangitis].
Li SS, Li RJ, Zhang Y … +16 more , Ji WJ, Bao YJ, Liu HL, Gong YX, Wang YT, Tao YL, Wu ZX, Zhang Y, Zhang WH, Li W, Ye F, Yan XH, Mao TH, Liu X, Zhang K, Yang YF
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41795975 · Full text
To investigate the effect of antinuclear antibodies on the clinicopathological characteristics, short-term treatment response, and long-term prognosis of primary biliary cholangitis. A retrospective analysis was perform...
To investigate the effect of antinuclear antibodies on the clinicopathological characteristics, short-term treatment response, and long-term prognosis of primary biliary cholangitis. A retrospective analysis was performed on 690 cases with primary biliary cholangitis who were treated in eight medical centers, including Nanjing Second Hospital, from January 2017 to October 2023, and were divided into a negative group (96 cases) and a positive group (594 cases) according to antinuclear antibody status. Propensity score matching (1∶1) was used to balance age and gender factors. The laboratory indicators, liver histological characteristics, short-term biochemical responses, and the occurrence of decompensated event conditions were compared between the two groups. An independent sample t-test was used for comparison between groups of continuous variables that conformed to normal distribution. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups of continuous variables with non-normal distribution. The test or Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical variables between the two groups. The Mann-Whitney test was used for rank data.The log-rank test was employed to compare the differences between groups in the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the risk factors affecting prognosis. The cut-off value of the numerical variable was determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve. There were 96 cases following matching in each group. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (88.10 U/L vs. 71.55 U/L), γ-glutamyl transferase (278.61 U/L vs. 144.00 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (229.98 U/L vs. 159.68 U/L), and immunoglobulin G (19.90 U/L vs. 17.73 U/L) were significantly increased ( <0.05). The proportion of patients with positive anti-gp210 antibodies and/or anti-SP100 antibodies was significantly higher than that of the anti-nuclear antibody-negative group (21.43% vs. 5.26%, =0.005). Liver histology showed that the detection rate of epithelioid granuloma was higher in the anti-nuclear antibody positive group (37.50% vs. 22.92%, =0.028), while the degree of interface inflammation (none/mild/moderate/severe:2.08%/8.33%/63.54%/26.04% vs. 18.75%/23.96%/36.46%/20.83%, <0.001) and Nakanuma-hepatitis activity score (HA0/HA1/HA2/HA3: 2.08%/4.17%/58.33%/35.42% vs. 23.96%/18.75%/35.42%/21.88%, <0.001) were significantly higher in the anti-nuclear antibody-negative group. There was no statistically significant difference in the 1-year biochemical response rate and the incidence rate of decompensation between the two groups (>0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that platelet count ≤0.3× upper limit of normal value, albumin count ≤0.6×upper limit of normal value, and fibrosis stage S≥S3 were independent risk factors for decompensation of cirrhosis in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. Patients with antinuclear antibody-positive primary biliary cholangitis exhibit a phenotype of "high inflammatory burden," suggesting that antinuclear antibody status may serve as a potential serological marker of disease activity, and its value in long-term prognosis and treatment decision-making needs to be further verified by prospective studies.
[A study on the efficacy and safety profile of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt received elderly patients with liver cirrhosis].
Cai ZH, Yin Q, Zhang F … +1 more , Zhuge YZ
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41795974 · Full text
To investigate the efficacy and safety profile of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt received by elderly patients with cirrhosis (age >75 years). A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of patients...
To investigate the efficacy and safety profile of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt received by elderly patients with cirrhosis (age >75 years). A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of patients who underwent TIPS for cirrhosis at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine, from January 2019 to December 2021. Patients were divided into an elderly group (> 75 years) and a younger group (≤ 75 years) according to age. Propensity score matching was performed in a 1∶1 ratio. Statistical analysis was performed using the independent samples t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the test. Postoperative survival rate, rebleeding rate, and incidence rate of hepatic encephalopathy were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method between the two patient groups. A total of 37 elderly and 478 younger cases were screened. Propensity score matching was performed in line with a 1∶1 ratio. Finally, 32 cases were included in each group. The elderly and younger patient groups had no statistically significant differences in the 1-year postoperative rebleeding rate [9.4% (3/32) vs. 6.3% (2/32), =0.562], the incidence rate of hepatic encephalopathy [37.5% (12/32) vs. 18.8% (6/32), =0.060], and the survival rate [25% (8/32) vs. 15.6% (5/32), =0.371]. The incidence rate of hepatic encephalopathy according to the Child-Pugh class A stratification at 1 year following surgery had no statistically significant difference between the two patient groups' liver function [12.5% (1/8) vs. 11.1% (1/9), =0.896]. However, the incidence rate of hepatic encephalopathy at 1 year following surgery with Child-Pugh class B and C had a statistically significant difference between the two patient groups' liver function [45.8% (11/24) vs. 21.7% (5/23), =0.037]. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is equally safe and effective in elderly compared to younger patients. However, the incidence rate of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy is significantly higher in patients with Child-Pugh class B and C.
[Analysis of portal vein thrombosis formation and risk factors after endoscopic treatment in patients with esophagogastric varices in liver cirrhosis].
Cui YQ, Li JX, Sun YN … +7 more , Qiu JP, Zeng QH, Zhao WM, Yi Y, Dong PL, Li P, Zhang SB
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41795973 · Full text
To analyze the incidence rate, compare the differences, and assess the risk factors for portal vein thrombosis (PVT) formation after different endoscopic treatment methods in patients with esophagogastric varices in cirr...
To analyze the incidence rate, compare the differences, and assess the risk factors for portal vein thrombosis (PVT) formation after different endoscopic treatment methods in patients with esophagogastric varices in cirrhosis. The laboratory, imaging, and endoscopic treatment methods data for 289 patients with esophagogastric varices in liver cirrhosis who initially received endoscopic treatment at the Endoscopy Center of You'an Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University, from January 2020 to December 2022, were retrospectively included. The incidence rate of PVT within 1 year after systematic standardized endoscopic treatment was statistically analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen the risk factors for PVT formation after endoscopic treatment. The -test or rank-sum test was used to compare continuous data between the two groups. The test was used for categorical data. The incidence rate of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) within 1 year was 20.76% (60/289) among 289 patients with esophagogastric varices in cirrhosis who underwent standard endoscopic treatment. The PVT incidence rate was 22.81% (13/57) in patients who used sclerotherapy alone and 15.22% (7/46) in patients who used ligation rings alone, with no statistically significant difference in the PVT incidence among different endoscopic treatment methods (=2.354, >0.05). Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in preoperative platelet count, spleen thickness, spleen long diameter, model for end-stage liver disease score, ascites, and smoking between the PVT group and the non-PVT group (<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative platelet count [odds ratio () = 0.988, 95% (confidence interval, ): 0.979-0.998, = 0.018], splenic ultrasound thickness ( = 1.051, 95%: 1.003-1.101, = 0.038), massive ascites ( = 14.153, 95%: 2.517-79.577, = 0.003), and smoking ( = 2.537, 95%: 1.267-5.076, = 0.009) were independent risk factors for PVT formation. The incidence rate of PVT is similar to the current known annual incidence rate of PVT following endoscopic treatment in patients with esophagogastric varices in liver cirrhosis, and different endoscopic treatment methods have no significant effect on PVT formation. Preoperative platelet count, spleen thickness, massive ascites, and smoking are risk factors for PVT formation.
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