Asian Pacific Journal Of Tropical Medicine[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Evaluating the safety of forsythin from Forsythia suspensa leaves by acute and sub-chronic oral administration in rodent models.
Han Z, Lei XL, Zhang H … +4 more , Liu L, Chen ZS, Yang W, Lun ZR
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2017 Jan · PMID 28107864 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To access the toxicity of forsythin from Forsythia suspensa leaves and evaluate its safety. METHODS: Acute toxicity was determined by oral administration of a single dose of 18100 mg/kg forsythin in NIH mice....
OBJECTIVE: To access the toxicity of forsythin from Forsythia suspensa leaves and evaluate its safety. METHODS: Acute toxicity was determined by oral administration of a single dose of 18100 mg/kg forsythin in NIH mice. Sub-chronic toxicity was evaluated by oral administration of several doses of forsythin for 30 days at does of 0, 540, 1620, and 6480 mg/kg in SD rats. RESULTS: In the acute toxicity study, mortality was not observed after 14 days. In addition, clinically relevant adverse effects, or variations in body weight or food consumption were not observed. Similarly, after 30 days in the sub-chronic toxicity study, no mortality or significant toxicological effects such as decreased food consumption, body weight, biochemical parameters and vital organs etc. were noticed. CONCLUSION: The results revealed that the forsythin from Forsythia suspensa leaves has low or no toxicity via oral administration, and therefore is suitable for further development and applications.
First isolation of glutinol and a bioactive fraction with good anti-inflammatory activity from n-hexane fraction of Peltophorum africanum leaf.
Adebayo SA, Shai LJ, Eloff JN
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2017 Jan · PMID 28107863 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of different fractions and glutinol (isolated compound), using nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition as an indication of anti-inflammatory acti...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of different fractions and glutinol (isolated compound), using nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition as an indication of anti-inflammatory activity. METHODS: Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using an in vitro assay determining the inhibition of the activity of pro-inflammatory enzyme model. Cyclooxygenases and inducible nitric oxide synthase are crucial enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory conditions. RESULTS: Sub-fraction F3.3 that was derived from n-hexane fraction of PA leaves significantly inhibited (P = 0.01) the catalytic activity of COX-2 (IC = 0.67 μg/mL) better than isolated compound, glutinol (IC = 1.22 μg/mL), compound 2 (CP2) (IC = 1.71 μg/mL) and sub-fraction F3.3.0 (IC = 1.30 μg/mL). A similar trend was observed in investigation of the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells by F3.3, glutinol, CP2 and F3.3.0. Inducible COX-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase are among potent signalling enzymes that exacerbate inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Bioactive sub-fractions (F3.3 and F3.3.0) derived from the n-hexane fraction of PA had good anti-inflammatory activity, and the isolated compound, and glutinol may be useful as a template for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
Neuroprotective effect of Spilanthes acmella Murr. on pesticide-induced neuronal cells death.
Suwanjang W, Khongniam B, Srisung S … +2 more , Prachayasittikul S, Prachayasittikul V
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2017 Jan · PMID 28107862 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To investigate protective effects of Spilanthes acmella (S. acmella) Murr. extracts against pesticide-induced neuronal cells death and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism in dopaminergic (SH-SY5Y)...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate protective effects of Spilanthes acmella (S. acmella) Murr. extracts against pesticide-induced neuronal cells death and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism in dopaminergic (SH-SY5Y) cells lines. METHODS: Cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells was studied by treating the cells with various concentration of pirimicarb for 24 h. Neuroprotective effect of S. acmella Murr. extracts was investigated by adding the plant extracts to the medium for 24 h prior to the incubation with 100 μM HO or with pirimicarb for 24 h. Control-untreated cells were incubated with the culture medium. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay, calpain and calpastatin expressions were analyzed by Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with S. acmella Murr. extracts (1 μg/mL) for 24 h significantly increased the dopaminergic neurons in pirimicarb-induced neurotoxicity. In addition, pretreatment with the S. acmella Murr. extracts led to decreased calpain but increased calpastatin protein levels. CONCLUSION: S. acmella Murr. extracts exerted neuroprotective effect, via an alteration of calcium homeostasis, against pirimicarb induced neurotoxicity. The S. acmella Murr. might be a potential natural candidate with neuroprotective activity.
Antileishmanial activities of caffeic acid phenethyl ester loaded PLGA nanoparticles against Leishmania infantum promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro.
Abamor ES
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2017 Jan · PMID 28107861 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare the antileishmanial effects of CAPE and (CAPE) on Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro. METHODS: Efficacies of CAPE, (CAPE) and free PLGA nanopart...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare the antileishmanial effects of CAPE and (CAPE) on Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) promastigotes and amastigotes in vitro. METHODS: Efficacies of CAPE, (CAPE) and free PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) on promastigotes were evaluated using MTT and promastigote count assays, and their anti-amastigote effects were determined via infection index analysis. Griess reaction was also performed to calculate nitric oxide production of macrophages exposed to investigated molecules. RESULTS: It was determined that CAPE and (CAPE) demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on L. infantum promastigotes and amastigotes, while free NPs did not exhibit any meaningful antileishmanial effectiveness. The IC values of CAPE for L. infantum promastigotes and amastigotes were assessed as (51.0 ± 0.8) and (19.0 ± 1.4) μg/mL, respectively (P < 0.05). On the other side, it was revealed that (CAPE) had superior antileishmanial activity on both forms of parasites since its IC values for L. infantum promastigotes and amastigotes were (32.0 ± 1.3) and (8.0 ± 0.9) μg/mL, respectively (P < 0.05). It was also determined that both agents strongly stimulated nitric oxide production of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results show that (CAPE) have a great potential to be especially used in treatment of visceral leishmaniasis; however, in vivo antileishmanial screening of these molecules should be performed in the near future.
The role of heme-oxygenase-1 in pathogenesis of cerebral malaria in the co-culture model of human brain microvascular endothelial cell and ITG Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells.
Thongdee P, Na-Bangchang K
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2017 Jan · PMID 28107860 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of human host heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in pathogenesis of cerebral malaria in the in vitro model. METHODS: The effect of human host HO-1 [human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBME...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of human host heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in pathogenesis of cerebral malaria in the in vitro model. METHODS: The effect of human host HO-1 [human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC)] on hemoglobin degradation in the co-culture model of HBMEC and ITG Plasmodium falciparum-infected red cells (iRBC) through measurement of the enzymatic products iron and bilirubin. RESULTS: Following exposure to the HO-1 inducer CoPPIX at all concentrations, the HBMEC cells apoptosis occurred, which could be prominently observed at 15 μM of 3 h exposure. In contrast, there was no significant change in the morphology in the non-exposed iRBC at all concentrations and exposure time. This observation was in agreement with the levels of the enzymatic degradation products iron and bilirubin, of which the highest levels (106.03 and 1753.54% of baseline level, respectively) were observed at 15 μM vs. 20 μM at 3 h vs. 24 h exposure. For the effect of the HO-1 inhibitor ZnPPIX, HBMEC cell morphology was mostly unchanged, but significant inhibitory effect on cell apoptosis was seen at 10 μM for the exposure period of 3 h (37.17% of baseline level). The degree of the inhibitory effect as reflected by the level of iron produced was not clearly observed (highest effect at 10 μM and 3 h exposure). CONCLUSIONS: Results provide at least in part, insight into the contribution of HO-1 on CM pathogenesis and need to be confirmed in animal model.
Dengue fever may mislead the surgeons when it presents as an acute abdomen.
Jayasundara B, Perera L, de Silva A
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2017 Jan · PMID 28107859 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To review the management experience of a consecutive series of patients presenting as acute surgical abdomen whom were ultimately diagnosed to have DF (Dengue fever)/DHF (Dengue hemorrhagic fever). METHODS: Cl...
OBJECTIVE: To review the management experience of a consecutive series of patients presenting as acute surgical abdomen whom were ultimately diagnosed to have DF (Dengue fever)/DHF (Dengue hemorrhagic fever). METHODS: Clinical data of all cases of apparent acute abdomen (AA) which were later confirmed as having DF/DHF reviewed by two surgical units from December 2012 to December 2013 were analyzed. Initially confirmed patients with DF/DHF who developed abdominal symptoms were not considered. RESULTS: Out of the seventeen cases (7 males, age range 10-71 years) presented with fever and AA; appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis and non-specific peritonitis were suspected initially in 8, 5, 1 and 3 cases, respectively. Neutropenia or thrombocytopenia signifying DF/DHF occurred only in 11 patients at first evaluation thus six remained as surgical candidates beyond 24 h. One patient underwent appendicectomy with a prolonged hospital stay. DF was confirmed by serology in all patients, latest by fourth day of admission. One required blood product transfusion, 4 needed critical care treatment and there was 1 death. CONCLUSIONS: DF/DHF misleads the clinicians when it presents as AA. Initial hematological and ultrasonographic findings may be equivocal creating a diagnostic and management dilemma. Vigilant clinical suspicion and early dengue serological assessment is advisable in equivocal cases of AAs with fever in dengue endemic areas, to confirm/exclude the infection in order to avoid unnecessary surgical morbidity in the presence of DF.
Serodiagnosis of asymptomatic dengue infection.
Chatchen S, Sabchareon A, Sirivichayakul C
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2017 Jan · PMID 28107858 · Publisher ↗
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus that is expanding across the world. The incidence of dengue infection, especially severe disease, has been increasing. DENV consist of 4 serotypes of single stranded RN...
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus that is expanding across the world. The incidence of dengue infection, especially severe disease, has been increasing. DENV consist of 4 serotypes of single stranded RNA viruses (D1-D4) in the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. Majority of dengue infections are asymptomatic cases, which cause difficulty in disease control and are important in dengue surveillance. There is still no gold standard to diagnose asymptomatic dengue infection. Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) has been developed for many purposes such as immunological study, clinical study, vaccine trial and is currently the most sensitive and specific method for serological surveillance. However, PRNT shows some degree of cross reaction among different dengue serotypes especially secondary dengue infection cases and to other flaviviruses. Moreover, various modification since the beginning make PRNT lack of inter-laboratory standardization which is an important issue. This paper discusses the important of asymptomatic dengue infection and its diagnostic method.
Prostatic abscess of Klebsiella pneumonia complicating septic pulmonary emboli and meningitis: A case report and brief review.
Liu JW, Lin TC, Chang YT … +2 more , Tsai CA, Hu SY
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2017 Jan · PMID 28107857 · Publisher ↗
Prostatic abscess is a rare entity with an incidence of 0.5%-2.5% in all prostate diseases and usually occurs in the 5th and 6th decades of life with immunocompromised status. Prostatic abscess might be a process of evol...
Prostatic abscess is a rare entity with an incidence of 0.5%-2.5% in all prostate diseases and usually occurs in the 5th and 6th decades of life with immunocompromised status. Prostatic abscess might be a process of evolution from acute prostatitis. Klebsiella pneumoniae is the leading microorganism in the diabetic patients of prostatic abscess in Taiwan. A 60-year-old diabetic man, with a one-week history of acute bacterial prostatitis was reported in this study, presenting to the emergency department with sudden altered mental status. The abdominal computed tomographic scan demonstrated lobulated prostatic abscess and multiple septic pulmonary emboli with lung abscesses. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid showed white blood cells of 10771 counts/mm with segmented neutrophils of 99%. Cultures of blood, cerebrospinal fluid and sputum yielded Klebsiella pneumoniae. We concluded that computed tomographic scan can make a definite diagnosis of prostatic abscess associated with complications and management with empiric antibiotics and adequate drainage is suggested.
Zika virus from a Southeast Asian perspective.
Wikan N, Smith DR
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2017 Jan · PMID 28107856 · Publisher ↗
Phylogenic evidence suggests that the strain of Zika virus causing an unprecedented outbreak of disease in the Americas had its origin in Southeast Asia, where reports of isolated cases of Zika virus infection have occur...
Phylogenic evidence suggests that the strain of Zika virus causing an unprecedented outbreak of disease in the Americas had its origin in Southeast Asia, where reports of isolated cases of Zika virus infection have occurred since 2010. Why there has been no large outbreak of Zika infection in Southeast Asia remains unclear and whether such an outbreak will occur in the future is a question of significant concern. This review looks at Zika virus from a Southeast Asian perspective and highlights some of the possible scenarios with regards to Zika virus in this part of the world as well as highlighting some of the research questions that need to be urgently addressed.
Seronegative disseminated Bartonella spp. infection in an immunocompromised patient.
Weilg C, Del Aguila O, Mazulis F … +5 more , Silva-Caso W, Alva-Urcia C, Cerpa-Polar R, Mattos-Villena E, Del Valle Mendoza J
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2016 Dec · PMID 27955752 · Publisher ↗
An 11 year old, hispanic girl with a history of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was admitted to the hospital for symptoms compatible with Bartonella henselae infection. The first molecularly diagnosed case of dissemi...
An 11 year old, hispanic girl with a history of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was admitted to the hospital for symptoms compatible with Bartonella henselae infection. The first molecularly diagnosed case of disseminated Bartonella henselae infection was reported in an immunocompromised patient in Lima, Peru. The analysis was confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction and automated sequencing of a liver biopsy sample, even though the serologic tests were negative. In conclusion, Bartonella spp. infection should have a particular diagnostic consideration in immunocompromised patients with fever of unknown origin and further investigation regarding the patient's past exposures with cats should also be elicited.
EUS for pancreatic cystic neoplasms: The roadmap to the future is much more than just a few shades of gray.
Kirtane T, Bhutani MS
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2016 Dec · PMID 27955751 · Publisher ↗
Pancreatic cystic and neoplasms are being diagnosed with increasing frequency. Accurate diagnosis and determination of benign versus malignant lesions is crucial for determining need for surveillance versus surgery or en...
Pancreatic cystic and neoplasms are being diagnosed with increasing frequency. Accurate diagnosis and determination of benign versus malignant lesions is crucial for determining need for surveillance versus surgery or endoscopic therapy as well as avoiding unnecessary surgery in cysts with no malignant potential. Tumor markers such as KRAS and GNAS hold promise, but which molecular marker or a combination of markers is most useful and cost effective remains to be seen. Advanced imaging with confocal laser endomicroscopy can serve as an optical biopsy and play a part in the diagnostic algorithm. Microforceps aided biopsy of pancreatic cyst wall and tumor contents hold great promise as they allow direct tissue acquisition. Much progress has been made in the role of EUS guided evaluation of pancreatic cystic neoplasms over the last several years, and with the advances enumerated above, the future is more than just a few shades of gray. Future studies should include prospective multi-arm trials of microforceps biopsy versus conventional EUS-FNA and use of biochemical and molecular markers, confocal laser endomicroscopy or a combination thereof to determine best approach to pancreatic cystic neoplasms. In Osler's words, 'Medicine is a science of uncertainty and an art of probability'. Incorporation of advanced imaging and molecular markers into a new diagnostic algorithm with subsequent validation through retrospective and prospective studies has the potential to increase diagnostic accuracy and guide optimal management of patients and improve outcomes.
Geohelminths eggs contamination of sandpits in Vladivostok, Russia.
Moskvina TV, Bartkova AD, Ermolenko AV
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2016 Dec · PMID 27955750 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To detect nematode eggs in sandpits in urban area in Vladivostok. METHODS: Totally 60 samples were collected from five districts. Sand samples were analysed using combined flotation-sedimentation method. In re...
OBJECTIVE: To detect nematode eggs in sandpits in urban area in Vladivostok. METHODS: Totally 60 samples were collected from five districts. Sand samples were analysed using combined flotation-sedimentation method. In result, 18 sand samples were positive for at one or two parasites species. RESULTS: Overall, only 3 genera of helminths were recovered. Most samples were positive for Toxocara spp. eggs. Toxocara spp. eggs were found in each district. More samples with Toxocara spp. eggs were found in Pervomaiskii district. Ascaris spp. eggs were also appeared in each district, however Ascaris eggs rate of contamination was less than rate of Toxocara spp. contamination. Toxascaris leonina eggs were the less frequent species in sandpits, it was found only in Sovetskii and Pervomaiskii districts. Ascaris eggs rate of contamination was less than rate of Toxocara spp. contamination. Toxascaris leonina eggs were the less frequent species in sandpits, it was found only in two districts. No correlation between districts and helmiths eggs present in soil samples was found (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the high sand contamination with parasite infective elements of both human and animal origin, measures to improve environmental and sanitary conditions are indicated, as well as promoting the concept of responsible pet ownership.
NS1 antigen: A new beam of light in the early diagnosis of dengue infection.
Suleman M, Faryal R, Alam MM … +10 more , Sharif S, Shaukat S, Aamir UB, Khurshid A, Angez M, Umair M, Sufian MM, Arshad Y, Mujtaba G, Zaidi SS
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2016 Dec · PMID 27955749 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate NS1 antigen detection ELISA for the early laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. METHODS: The present study was conducted to evaluate the overall positivity of NS1 antigen detection ELISA...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate NS1 antigen detection ELISA for the early laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. METHODS: The present study was conducted to evaluate the overall positivity of NS1 antigen detection ELISA and its comparison with viral RNA detection via real time PCR and IgM antibodies detection by ELISA. RESULTS: A total of 1270 serum samples were tested 86% (1097/1270) were detected positive by one or more than one diagnostic test. Out of 1 270, 64% (807/1270) were positive by NS1 ELISA and 52% (662/1270), 51% (646/1270) were positive by real-time RT-PCR and IgM ELISA respectively. CONCLUSIONS: NS1 antigen detection ELISA is highly suitable diagnostic tools and it also has great value for use in outbreak and epidemic situation.
Influence of bioactive sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes on hepatocarcinogenesis, angiogenesis and immunomodulatory activities.
Matloub AA, Aglan HA, Mohamed El Souda SS … +3 more , Aboutabl ME, Maghraby AS, Ahmed HH
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2016 Dec · PMID 27955748 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM)...
OBJECTIVE: To explore the in vivo anticancer, anti-angiogenesis and immunomodulatory efficacies of the bioactive polysaccharide isolated from cold aqueous extract of Jania rubens (JCEM) and Pterocladia capillacea (PCEM) as well as hot aqueous extract of Enteromorpha intestinalis (EHEM) against hepatocellular carcinoma rat model (HCC) and to study their chemical composition. METHODS: The sugars and amino acids composition of the bioactive polysaccharides of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM were determined using gas liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer, respectively. These polysaccharide extracts (20 mg/kg b.wt. for 5 weeks) were assessed on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and α-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), glypican-3 (GPC-3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ig G levels were evaluated. RESULTS: The GLC analysis of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM polysaccharide revealed the presence of 10, 9 and 10 sugars, in addition the amino acid analyzer enable identification of 16, 15 and 15 amino acids, respectively. These polysaccharide extracts of JCEM, PCEM and EHEM produced significant decrease in serum AFP, CEA, GPC-3, HGF and VEGF compared with untreated HCC group. JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory responses by increasing the IgG levels as compared by naïve value (1.23, 1.53 and 1.17 folds), respectively. The bioactive polysaccharides in HCC induced rats improved the humoral immune response. The photomicrographs of liver tissue sections of the groups of HCC treated with polysaccharide extracts of Jania rubens and Enteromorpha intestinalis showed intact histological structure. Moreover, fractions HE1, HE4, HE7 obtained from polysaccharide of EHEM showed moderate cytotoxic activity against HepG2 in vitro with IC 73.1, 42.6, 76.2 μg/mL. However, fractions of PCEM and JCEM show no or weak cytotoxicity against HepG2 in vitro where the cytotoxic activity of their crude polysaccharide extract proved synergetic effect. CONCLUSIONS: The pronounced antitumor activity of sulfated polysaccharide-protein complexes of JCEM and EHEM is due to direct cytotoxic activity, anti-hepatocarcinogenesis, and anti-angiogenesis. In addition, JCEM, PCEM and EHEM had an immunostimulatory response and improved the humoral immune response in HCC induced rats.
Recombinant expression and purification of functional vascular endothelial growth factor-121 in the baculovirus expression system.
Mohseni N, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Kazemi-Lomedasht F … +4 more , Arezomand R, Habibi-Anbouhi M, Shahbazzadeh D, Behdani M
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2016 Dec · PMID 27955747 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To express human vascular endothelial growth factor121 (VEGF121) in insect cells. METHODS: A gene construct containing VEGF was cloned in the pFastBac-HTA vector, followed by transformation in DH10BAC. The rec...
OBJECTIVE: To express human vascular endothelial growth factor121 (VEGF121) in insect cells. METHODS: A gene construct containing VEGF was cloned in the pFastBac-HTA vector, followed by transformation in DH10BAC. The recombinant bacmid was then extracted, and transfected into Sf9 insect cells. The transfected cells were harvested, and then VEGF expression was confirmed by western blotting using specific antibodies. The tube formation assay was used for functional assessment of VEGF. RESULTS: Our results showed that VEGF could be successfully expressed in the baculovirus system. Purified VEGF was able to stimulate in vitro tube formation of human endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study demonstrated that the recombinantly-produced VEGF can be considered as a promising candidate for therapeutic purposes.
Novel neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of citric acid in acute malathion intoxication.
Abdel-Salam OM, Youness ER, Mohammed NA … +4 more , Yassen NN, Khadrawy YA, El-Toukhy SE, Sleem AA
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2016 Dec · PMID 27955746 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of citric acid given alone or combined with atropine on brain oxidative stress, neuronal injury, liver damage, and DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes induced in the rat by acute mal...
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of citric acid given alone or combined with atropine on brain oxidative stress, neuronal injury, liver damage, and DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes induced in the rat by acute malathion exposure. METHODS: Rats were received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of malathion 150 mg/kg along with citric acid (200 or 400 mg/kg, orally), atropine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or citric acid 200 mg/kg + atropine 1 mg/kg and euthanized 4 h later. RESULTS: Malathion resulted in increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and nitric oxide concentrations accompanied with a decrease in brain reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glucose concentrations. Paraoxonase-1, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase activities decreased in brain as well. Liver aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities were raised. The comet assay showed increased DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Histological damage and increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were observed in brain and liver. Citric acid resulted in decreased brain lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide. Meanwhile, glutathione, GPx activity, TAC capacity and brain glucose level increased. Brain AChE increased but PON1 and butyrylcholinesterase activities decreased by citric acid. Liver enzymes, the percentage of damaged blood lymphocytes, histopathological alterations and iNOS expression in brain and liver was decreased by citric acid. Meanwhile, rats treated with atropine showed decreased brain MDA, nitrite but increased GPx activity, TAC, AChE and glucose. The drug also decreased DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes, histopathological alterations and iNOS expression in brain and liver. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates a beneficial effect for citric acid upon brain oxidative stress, neuronal injury, liver and DNA damage due to acute malathion exposure.
Asiatic acid-pectin hydrogel matrix patch transdermal delivery system influences parasitaemia suppression and inflammation reduction in P. berghei murine malaria infected Sprague-Dawley rats.
Alfrd Mavondo GA, Tagumirwa MC
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2016 Dec · PMID 27955745 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To report the influence of transdermal delivery of asiatic acid (AA) in Plasmodium berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats on physicochemical changes, %parasitaemia and associated pathophysiology. METHODS: A topi...
OBJECTIVE: To report the influence of transdermal delivery of asiatic acid (AA) in Plasmodium berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats on physicochemical changes, %parasitaemia and associated pathophysiology. METHODS: A topical once-off AA (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg)- or chloroquine (CHQ)-pectin patch was applied on the shaven dorsal neck region of Plasmodium berghei-infected Sprague Dawley rats (90-120 g) on day 7 after infection. Eating and drinking habits, weight changes, malaria effects and %parasitaemia were compared among animal groups over 21 d. RESULTS: AA-pectin patch application preserved food and water intake together with %weight gain. All animals developed stable parasitaemia (15-20%) by day 7. AA doses suppressed parasitaemia significantly. AA 5 mg/kg patch was most effective. AA and CHQ displayed bimodal time-spaced peaks. CHQ patch had a longer time course to clear parasitaemia. CONCLUSIONS: AA influences bio-physicochemical changes and parasitaemia suppression in dose dependent manner. In comparison by dose administered, AA has much better efficacy than CHQ. AA may be a useful antimalarial. AA and CHQ displays bimodal peaks suggesting possible synergism if used in combination therapy.
Glycoproteomics analysis of plasma proteins associated with Opisthorchis viverrini infection-induced cholangiocarcinoma in hamster model.
Sriwanitchrak P, Paemanee A, Roytrakul S … +2 more , Viyanant V, Na-Bangchang K
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2016 Dec · PMID 27955744 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To apply lectin affinity chromatography and glycoproteomics-based LC-MS/MS to preliminarily investigate the possible potential plasma biomarkers of Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)-associated CCA in OV/dimethylnitr...
OBJECTIVE: To apply lectin affinity chromatography and glycoproteomics-based LC-MS/MS to preliminarily investigate the possible potential plasma biomarkers of Opisthorchis viverrini (OV)-associated CCA in OV/dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced CCA hamster model. METHODS: Nine Syrian hamsters were divided into 3 groups as follows (n = 3 each): normal (healthy control group); OV group; and OV/DMN group (CCA group). Pooled plasma samples collected from animals in each group at the 6th month post-infection with OV metacercarae were subjected to glycoproteomics analysis. Glycoproteins in the pooled sample from each group were initially isolated by concanavalin A (ConA)-based affinity chromatography. The expression of glycoproteins isolated by both enrichment methods were determined using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS: Among the 24 ConA-binding glycoproteins isolated, two proteins, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) and fetuin-B (FETUB) were found up-regulated only in the samples from the OV and control groups, but not in the OV/DMN (CCA) groups. On the other hand, one protein, i.e., NSFL1 cofactor p47 isoform ×3 (NSFL1C) was found only in the samples from OV/DMN (CCA) and control groups, but not in the OV group. The remaining 21 proteins were upregulated in the samples from all groups. CONCLUSIONS: NDRG1, FETUB and NSFL1C glycoproteins isolated by ConA-based affinity chromatography could be potential biomarkers for CCA. Plasma samples with negative for NDRG1 and FETUB proteins but positive for NSFL1C are likely to be OV-associated CCA. Nevertheless, this conclusion remains to be confirmed whether this battery test can discriminate OV-associated CCA from other risk factors.
Protective effects of a polymethoxy flavonoids-rich Citrus aurantium peel extract on liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation in mice.
Lim SW, Lee DR, Choi BK … +4 more , Kim HS, Yang SH, Suh JW, Kim KS
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2016 Dec · PMID 27955743 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible protective effect of Citrus aurantium peel extract (CAE) against apoptosis in cholestatic liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation in mice. METHODS: Male ICR mice were divided to 5...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible protective effect of Citrus aurantium peel extract (CAE) against apoptosis in cholestatic liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation in mice. METHODS: Male ICR mice were divided to 5 groups: 1) Control group (Sham-operated mice), 2) Cholestatic liver injury group induced by bile duct ligation (BDL), 3) BDL mice treated with silymarin (200 mg/kg) for 4 weeks, 4) BDL mice treated with 50 mg/kg CAE for 4 weeks, 5) BDL mice treated with 200 mg/kg CAE for 4 weeks. Mice were sacrificed and liver fibrosis was evaluated by serum and hepatic tissue biochemistry tests and liver histopathological examination. Effects of CAE on inflammation and apoptosis gene regulation were investigated through real-time PCR. CAE effect on lipid metabolism related signaling was determined by western blot analysis. RESULTS: In BDL mice, administration of CAE for 4 weeks markedly attenuated liver fibrosis based on histopathological alteration. Serum and hepatic tissue biochemistry results revealed that CAE (50 and 200 mg/kg) decreased the levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, nitric oxide, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis showed that CAE regulated inflammation, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism factors increased by BDL. Interleukin family, tumor necrosis factor α, and related apoptosis factors mRNA levels were increased by BDL treatment. However, these increases were suppressed by CAE administration. In addition, CAE effectively increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2, and related cytoprotective proteins. CONCLUSIONS: CAE can efficiently regulate BDL-induced liver injury with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities.
Genetic association study of P2x7 A1513C (rs 3751143) polymorphism and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis: A meta-analysis based on the findings of 11 case-control studies.
Alshammari EM, Mandal RK, Wahid M … +7 more , Dar SA, Jawed A, Areeshi MY, Khan S, Khan ME, Panda AK, Haque S
Asian Pac J Trop Med · 2016 Dec · PMID 27955742 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the precise association between pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and P2x7 A1513C gene polymorphism. METHODS: PubMed and Google Scholar web-databases were searched for the studies reporting the associa...
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the precise association between pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and P2x7 A1513C gene polymorphism. METHODS: PubMed and Google Scholar web-databases were searched for the studies reporting the association of P2x7 A1513C polymorphism and PTB risk. A meta-analysis was performed for the selected case-control studies and pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for all the genetic models. RESULTS: Eleven studies comprising 2678 controls and 2113 PTB cases were included in this meta-analysis. We observed overall no significant risk in all the five genetic models. When stratified population by the ethnicity, Caucasian population failed to show any risk of PTB in all the genetics models. In Asian ethnicity, variant allele (C vs. A: P = 0.001; OR = 1.375, 95% CI = 1.159-1.632) and heterozygous genotype (AC vs. AA: P = 0.001; OR = 1.570, 95% CI = 1.269-1.944) demonstrated significant increased risk of PTB. Likewise, recessive genetic model (CC + AC vs. AA: P = 0.001; OR = 1.540, 95% CI = 1.255-1.890) also demonstrated increased risk of PTB in Asians. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis did not suggest the association of P2x7 A1513C polymorphism with PTB risk in overall or separately in Caucasian population. However, it plays a significant risk factor for predisposing PTB in Asians. Future larger sample and expression studies are needed to validate this association.
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