Int Emerg Nurs
· 2026 Jun · PMID 41849981
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INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to map the intellectual structure and evolutionary trends of research on burnout and job satisfaction among emergency nurses through a bibliometric and visual analysis. METHODS:...INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to map the intellectual structure and evolutionary trends of research on burnout and job satisfaction among emergency nurses through a bibliometric and visual analysis. METHODS: Publications related to job satisfaction and burnout among emergency nurses were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. RStudio 4.5.0, VOSviewer 1.6.20, CiteSpace 6.4, and Scimago Graphica 1.0.50 were used for bibliometric analysis and visualization. RESULTS: A total of 346 articles were selected for this study. These articles were published across 61 countries from 2003 to 2025, with the United States, China, and Australia leading in publication output. These articles were featured in 159 journals, with the International Emergency Nursing publishing the most (n = 21). Adriaenssens Jef is both the most prolific author and among the most frequently cited in this field. Keyword clustering analysis identified 4 distinct research themes, the most frequently used keyword in the studies was "burnout," which was commonly associated with all other keywords. In addition, keyword burst analysis revealed emerging trend topics, notably "COVID-19." DISCUSSION: This paper presents the first comprehensive bibliometric and visualization analysis of research on job satisfaction and burnout among emergency nurses, summarizing developments, trends, research frontiers, and hotspots. This research emphasizes understanding burnout and job satisfaction is crucial for managers and policymakers, as effective policies and support initiatives can boost satisfaction and reduce burnout.
Ting TH, Zainol Abidin H, Noor Azhar M
… +3 more, Zambri A, Bustam A, Poh K
Int Emerg Nurs
· 2026 Jun · PMID 41831342
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PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the needs of family members in the critical and semi-critical ED zones using the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory - Emergency Department (CCFNI-ED) and explore how communication i...PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the needs of family members in the critical and semi-critical ED zones using the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory - Emergency Department (CCFNI-ED) and explore how communication influences their perceived needs. METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Universiti Malaya Medical Centre ED from July 1 to 31, 2024. The Critical Care Family Needs Inventory - Emergency Department (CCFNI-ED) questionnaire was used to survey family members (n = 300) of patients in critical (n = 75) and semi-critical zones (n = 225). Data were reported as descriptive for all questions, and analysed with Friedman test to compare scores across domains and Spearman's rho for correlations with frequency and duration of communication with healthcare providers. Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 300 family members participated. The median average scores (IQR) were 2.78 (2.33-3.22) for Support, 3.36 (3.09-3.63) for Communication, 3.00 (2.50-3.50) for Comfort, 3.20 (2.80-3.60) for Proximity, and 3.44 (3.00-3.66) for Meaning. Mean ranks were 1.81 for Support, 2.56 for Comfort, 2.95 for Proximity, 3.79 for Communication, and 3.89 for Meaning, p < 0.001. Scores across all domains were similar for both critical and semi-critical zones. There was no significant correlation between actual communication events (frequency and duration) with doctors and nurses and family members' perceived needs. CONCLUSIONS: Meaning and Communication were perceived as the most important family needs in the ED, suggesting the need for healthcare providers to emphasise these domains when addressing family members of patients in the ED.
Int Emerg Nurs
· 2026 Jun · PMID 41831259
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INTRODUCTION: Registered nurses are challenged by many different situations in their work environment. The psychosocial work environment can affect the health and well-being of registered nurses, which in turn can affect...INTRODUCTION: Registered nurses are challenged by many different situations in their work environment. The psychosocial work environment can affect the health and well-being of registered nurses, which in turn can affect the quality of service provided to patients. Registered nurses' self-reported psychosocial work environment in the ambulance service is an important issue to improve their psychosocial work environment. AIM: To investigate and describe the self-reported psychosocial work environment of registered nurses in the ambulance service and to assess individual and work-related features of importance. METHODS: The study has a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional design. A web-based survey questionnaire of registered nurses (n = 176) working in 42 different ambulance stations was analyzed with descriptive and inferential analysis. The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire and the Psychosocial Safety Climate Scale were used for data collection. RESULTS: The assessment of Occupational Safety and Health among registered nurses varied, with the majority perceiving it as fair. The psychosocial safety climate in the ambulance service indicates a moderate risk for job strain and psychological distress. Registered nurses experience high emotional demands and are exposed to the threat of violence. However, they find their work meaningful and experience strong support from colleagues and a high degree of variation in their work. The reported presence of stress and burnout is low and they generally perceive their health as good. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study revealed that registered nurses in Sweden generally perceive more resources than demands in their psychosocial work environment. To provide and maintain a positive psychosocial work environment, the ambulance service organization should place more focus on improving risk management and fostering a supportive social work environment. Further studies in this area are important to validate these findings.
Int Emerg Nurs
· 2026 Jun · PMID 41830698
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AIM: To explore experienced nursing staff's perceptions of essential nursing care in the emergency department (ED). BACKGROUND: Nurse staffing levels in the ED are known to influence a variety of patient outcomes, such a...AIM: To explore experienced nursing staff's perceptions of essential nursing care in the emergency department (ED). BACKGROUND: Nurse staffing levels in the ED are known to influence a variety of patient outcomes, such as time to medication, incidence of unexpected cardiac arrest, and flow indications such as length of stay. In addition, studies highlight an issue with missed nursing care in the ED setting, particularly for basic care needs. This suggests a need for deeper understanding of the content of ED nursing, and nursing staff's perceptions of their responsibilities towards ED patients' needs. METHODS: A qualitative focus group interview study with an exploratory design, interviewing experienced nursing staff at four Swedish EDs of various sizes and locations. Data were analysed through inductive, reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Three main themes of essential ED nursing emerged, which were for nursing staff to Create control, Take Action and Be a safety net. The themes were united by the overarching theme of Making knowledge-based priorities in an ever-changing environment. CONCLUSION: ED nursing is complex and requires skill to prioritise among multiple essential nursing tasks constantly in an environment that itself is constantly changing. A priority is to identify warning signs quickly, ensure patient safety and keep length of stay as short as possible. Due to variation in patients' symptoms, almost all nursing tasks, such as performing various medical interventions and meeting physical and psychosocial needs, were considered to be essential nursing. However, the need to prioritise among essential tasks may lead to less urgent tasks being postponed or missed.
Sunner C, Hobden B, Leigh L
… +4 more, Kuhne C, Hullick C, Scharfe S, Fernandez R
Int Emerg Nurs
· 2026 Jun · PMID 41825280
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BACKGROUND: Pain is a leading reason for Emergency Department (ED) presentations among older adults, yet the prevalence and characteristics of pain-related 48-hours re-presentations remains unclear. METHODS: A retrospect...BACKGROUND: Pain is a leading reason for Emergency Department (ED) presentations among older adults, yet the prevalence and characteristics of pain-related 48-hours re-presentations remains unclear. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of ED presentations among patients aged ≥65 years was conducted. Descriptive statistics characterised the cohort, and univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with 48-hour re-presentation. RESULTS: Of 151,052 ED index patient visits, 44,334 were pain-related, and more than half (56.8%) re-presented for pain. Identified factors; regional areas inner (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.6) and outer (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5-2.1), ambulance transfer (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.3), musculoskeletal conditions (OR 4.1, 95% CI 3.3-5.0) or higher triage acuity (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.1-3.6). However, patients aged ≥85 years (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66-0.91) and/or from aged care (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.36-0.80) or community-based appointments (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.54-0.93) had lower odds of re-presentation. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified groups potentially at higher risk highlighting the need for targeted pain management, structured follow-up, and improved access to community and specialist care to reduce recurrent visits.
Int Emerg Nurs
· 2026 Jun · PMID 41818882
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PURPOSE: To examine the effect of playing with a toy nebulizer and watching cartoons on the fear and anxiety in children aged 4-10 years receiving inhaled medication. DESIGN AND METHODS: This randomized controlled study...PURPOSE: To examine the effect of playing with a toy nebulizer and watching cartoons on the fear and anxiety in children aged 4-10 years receiving inhaled medication. DESIGN AND METHODS: This randomized controlled study was conducted between May and November 2024 in pediatric emergency unit in Turkey. The study sample included 114 children who were receiving inhaled medication. These participants were divided into three groups: those using a toy nebulizer (n = 38), those watching cartoons (n = 38), and a control group (n = 38). To collect the research data, an Introductory Information Form, and the Child Fear Scale and Child Anxiety-State Scale were used. Fear and anxiety were measured. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the demographic status (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the mean fear and anxiety scores of the children before the intervention between the groups (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found in fear and anxiety levels after the intervention between the groups (p = 0.001). According to Bonferroni analysis, the fear and anxiety levels in the control group were significantly higher than in the cartoon-watching (1 > 2) and toy nebulizer playing groups (1 > 3). CONCLUSIONS: 5The findings of this study indicate that allowing children to watch cartoons and engage with a toy nebulizer during inhaler treatment effectively reduces fear and anxiety associated with the device, its noise, or the mask, and helps maintain stable heart rates. PRACTICE IMPLICATION: Nurses can increase the compliance level of children by implementing distraction activities appropriate for their age groups during inhaler drug administration.
da Conceição Gatinho Pires E, Henriques MA, Costa AS
… +2 more, Nogueira P, Mexia R
Int Emerg Nurs
· 2026 Jun · PMID 41797149
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AIM: To review the literature on nurses' competencies across disaster phases based on the International Council of Nurses' perspective and to identify knowledge gaps. INTRODUCTION: Disasters, intensified by climate chang...AIM: To review the literature on nurses' competencies across disaster phases based on the International Council of Nurses' perspective and to identify knowledge gaps. INTRODUCTION: Disasters, intensified by climate change, challenge the healthcare systems. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasises the need to reduce disaster risks and enhance resilience. Nurses are crucial in disaster management, providing critical care in emergency departments that operate continuously to treat the casualties. Beyond basic clinical skills, nurses need comprehensive competencies to respond to disasters effectively. The International Council of Nurses developed a disaster nursing competency framework in 2019; however, consensus and integration into practice are needed. METHOD: Following the JBI's PRISMA-SCR guidelines, a three-stage search strategy was used across the PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus databases. The research question was formulated using the population, concept, and context (PCC) frameworks. RESULTS: From 816 studies, data from 18 studies (1991-2022) across 13 countries were analysed, identifying 19 disaster nursing competencies and 76 interventions aligned with the ICN's eight domains. New competencies include family involvement during crises and spiritual care during and after disasters. Emphasis is placed on psychological skills to support injured individuals and address community psychosocial needs. CONCLUSION: This review maps the current literature on disaster nursing competencies, highlighting essential competencies and interventions while identifying knowledge gaps. New skills, such as family involvement and spiritual care, are emphasised. Psychological knowledge is crucial for addressing psychosocial needs of patients. Further consensus and integration of these competencies into nursing practice are necessary to improve disaster management and resilience in healthcare systems, aligning with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals.
Aygun Z, Erdurmus OY, Genc S
… +3 more, Koca A, Eneyli MG, Polat O
Int Emerg Nurs
· 2026 Jun · PMID 41793897
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BACKGROUND: Patient safety culture is a critical component of healthcare quality, particularly in emergency departments (EDs), where workload and time pressure increase the risk of adverse events. This study aimed to val...BACKGROUND: Patient safety culture is a critical component of healthcare quality, particularly in emergency departments (EDs), where workload and time pressure increase the risk of adverse events. This study aimed to validate the Turkish version of the Emergency Medical Services Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (EMS-SAQ) and to assess safety culture perceptions among ED personnel in Türkiye. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 400 ED personnel, including physicians, nurses, emergency medical technicians, and patient transport personnel. Data were collected using the EMS-SAQ, which evaluates six domains of safety culture. Ethical approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of a selected Turkish University Faculty of Medicine (Approval number: İ2-57-19), and written informed consent was obtained from all respondents. The EMS-SAQ is publicly available for academic use and does not require specific permission. RESULTS: The EMS-SAQ demonstrated satisfactory reliability (overall Cronbach's alpha = 0.880; subscales = 0.604-0.828). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the six-factor structure (χ2/df = 3.33; RMSEA = 0.078; CFI = 0.77; GFI = 0.71; TLI = 0.73). Stress recognition scores were significantly higher among physicians, while younger personnel scored higher on teamwork climate. Male respondents reported higher perceptions of safety climate than females. Less experienced personnel rated management support more positively. CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the EMS-SAQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing patient safety culture in EDs. Findings highlight demographic and role-based variations in safety perceptions, underscoring the need for targeted interventions such as leadership training, improved communication strategies, and strengthened reporting systems to enhance patient safety culture in Turkish emergency services.
Wennman I, Habbouche S, Holmqvist L
… +5 more, Lindkvist B, Lindman I, Magnusson C, Svensson PA, Wartenberg C
Int Emerg Nurs
· 2026 Jun · PMID 41793896
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BACKGROUND: A significant proportion of patients who visit the emergency department (ED) could be treated at a lower level of care. Urgent Care Center (UCC) are described as a promising remedy for ED crowding. OBJECTIVE:...BACKGROUND: A significant proportion of patients who visit the emergency department (ED) could be treated at a lower level of care. Urgent Care Center (UCC) are described as a promising remedy for ED crowding. OBJECTIVE: The question addressed in this systematic review was: For patients visiting an ED, what are the benefits and risks of EDs with the ability to triage patients to an UCC versus EDs without that capability? METHODS: This systematic review was conducted as part of a health technology assessment (HTA) performed at an HTA-center. The literature search was limited to studies with a control group; both randomized controlled studies and non-randomized controlled studies (including before and after studies) published from the year 2000 onward, in English, Swedish, Danish, or Norwegian were eligible. The outcomes of interest included mortality, serious adverse events, and length of stay (LOS). RESULTS: No data are available regarding the outcomes deemed critical for decision, mortality and serious adverse events. This systematic review had the ambition to describe the scientific evidence for a specific model of UCCs with a shared triage in the ED. A diversity of interventions, comparators and outcomes in previous studies gives the issue a complexity that is hard to overcome. Based on one retrospective study corresponding to the strict definition of intervention, comparator and outcomes it is uncertain whether EDs with UCCs differ from EDs without UCCs in terms of LOS for patients visiting the ED. From a health economics perspective, there is no data on the cost-effectiveness of UCCs. Thus, this review identified evidence gaps regarding the specific model considered. For all stakeholders and decision-makers in government-funded healthcare systems, it is important to allocate funds where they will be most effective. CONCLUSION: The benefits and risks of EDs that can triage patients to an Urgent Care Center (UCC) compared to EDs without this possibility remain uncertain. We advocate for evidence-based decision-making in emergency care management and conclude that further prospective studies are needed to address this question.
Int Emerg Nurs
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41762863
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BACKGROUND: Mobile games are emerging as powerful tools for learning. There is a lack of understanding of their potential in nursing and paramedic competence development. AIM: The study aimed to test the effectiveness of...BACKGROUND: Mobile games are emerging as powerful tools for learning. There is a lack of understanding of their potential in nursing and paramedic competence development. AIM: The study aimed to test the effectiveness of the BREATHe Paramedic mobile game in enhancing paramedic competence among nursing and paramedic students. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental study. PARTICIPANTS: Nursing and paramedic students (n = 36) from Finland. METHODS: The study was conducted in the spring of 2024 to examine the impact of the BREATHe Paramedic mobile game on nursing and paramedic students' self-assessed paramedic competence and objective learning outcomes. To measure self-assessed competence, the Global Rating Scale for the Assessment of Paramedic Clinical Competence, using a Likert scale, was employed. Additionally, the study explored students' attitudes, satisfaction, and overall experiences with the game. RESULTS: According to students' self-assessments, the BREATHe Paramedic mobile game significantly improved all measured areas (p < 0.05), including e.g. situational awareness, patient assessment and decision-making. Regarding objective data, statistically significant improvement was found in medication management competence (p = 0.024). Most of the students were satisfied with the game. The mobile game increased students' motivation to learn and improved their skills, but it also raised some challenges, such as technical implementation and getting feedback. CONCLUSION: The study showed that the BREATHe paramedic mobile game can promote paramedic competence development, as indicated by students' self-evaluations. Objective data supported the overall findings; however, it revealed a statistically significant difference only in medication management competence. The mobile game's feedback system should be improved, and further research is needed to understand how to maximise the benefits of mobile games in paramedic education and continuous learning in working life.
Int Emerg Nurs
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41734575
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BACKGROUND: Global health security is increasingly threatened by Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNe) incidents. Frontline nurses, as first responders, are critically exposed, yet evidence o...BACKGROUND: Global health security is increasingly threatened by Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNe) incidents. Frontline nurses, as first responders, are critically exposed, yet evidence on their readiness in high-risk regions remains scarce. AIM: This study aimed to conduct the first dual-level, system-wide evaluation of CBRNe preparedness in Jordan. It specifically sought to benchmark the practical competency of the nursing workforce and hospital-level readiness. METHODS: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study was performed across five major hospitals, involving 298 frontline providers (predominantly nurses, 69.5%, n = 207) and 30 senior administrators. The study utilized a validated provider skills assessment and the Canadian Centre for Emergency Preparedness (CEEP) survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Kruskal-Wallis H-test. RESULTS: A critical gap between policy and practice was identified, revealing a acute vulnerability among nurses. While all providers were competent in basic (Level D) personal protective equipment (PPE), proficiency plummeted to 14.8% for Level B and 1.7% for Level A. Furthermore, 76.8% of providers had never participated in a CBRNe simulation, and only 20.5% felt capable of performing casualty decontamination, a core nursing responsibility. Hospital-level preparedness varied drastically (p < 0.001), revealing a pronounced military-civilian divide. The top-performing hospital scored 67.7% in biological preparedness, while the lowest scored 16.7% in chemical preparedness. CONCLUSIONS: This study uncovers a systemic failure in translating CBRNe policy into frontline practice, creating a dangerous vulnerability that disproportionately impacts nurses as first responders. The findings mandate an urgent paradigm shift from fragmented, facility-specific efforts to a standardized, nationally-integrated CBRNe readiness strategy that prioritizes and empowers the nursing workforce.
Int Emerg Nurs
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41723987
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BACKGROUND: Head-mounted devices (HMDs), such as smart glasses, are being implemented to deliver virtual clinical education (VCE) in emergency care, yet their value and practical limitations remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To...BACKGROUND: Head-mounted devices (HMDs), such as smart glasses, are being implemented to deliver virtual clinical education (VCE) in emergency care, yet their value and practical limitations remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To synthesise evidence on HMDs enabled VCE usage by healthcare professionals and students in emergency care, and to identify reported benefits and challenges. METHODS: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guided scoping review was conducted. Five databases and grey literature sources were searched, without date restrictions, for English-language studies describing HMD use for VCE in emergency care. Sixteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Data were charted and summarised descriptively. RESULTS: Most studies (50%) were published after 2021, originating from high-income countries. Reported advantages included enhanced two-way communication, faster clinical decision-making, hands-free documentation and remote supervision. Recurrent barriers were short battery life, unstable connectivity, restricted field-of-view, hygiene concerns and medicolegal uncertainty. Small sample sizes, heavy reliability of simulated environments and varied use of outcome measures limits generalisability of the findings. CONCLUSION: Early evidence suggests that VCE using HMDs, can enrich emergency care, workflow and teaching, but technical, human-factors and regulatory obstacles persist. Larger, multi-centre studies using standardised metrics and real-world deployment are required before routine adoption can be recommended.
Lang X, Li S, Xiong J
… +5 more, Cheng J, Zheng D, Xiao Y, Huang S, Li Y
Int Emerg Nurs
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41722346
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a closed-loop tracking and management model in reducing the rates of missed and misdiagnosed aortic dissection (AD) in the emergency department (ED). DESIGN: Q...OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a closed-loop tracking and management model in reducing the rates of missed and misdiagnosed aortic dissection (AD) in the emergency department (ED). DESIGN: Quality improvement report. METHODS: Using HIRAID as the guiding framework, a quality improvement program was implemented. The quality improvement team developed a closed-loop tracking and management model for AD, which included symptom-based screening and tracking, blood pressure screening of the limbs as an auxiliary method, and a diagnostic and treatment information tracking platform. The closed-loop tracking and management model for AD was applied in the ED of a tertiary hospital in Wuhan. Blood pressure measurements of the extremities were taken when patients presented with risk symptoms of AD for further screening. Additionally, misdiagnosed cases were continuously tracked. RESULTS: After the application of closed-loop tracking and management model, the rate of misdiagnosed AD decreased from 5.16% in 2019 to 1.23% in 2023. CONCLUSION: Closed-loop tracking and management model could help reduce the rates of misdiagnosed AD in the ED.
Hallgren J, Klingberg M, Karlsson M
… +1 more, Gillsjö C
Int Emerg Nurs
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41719947
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BACKGROUND: Collaborative Health Care (CHC) is an integrated health care model in Sweden in which municipal and regional health care resources are coordinated to provide fast, coherent, and seamless health care in patien...BACKGROUND: Collaborative Health Care (CHC) is an integrated health care model in Sweden in which municipal and regional health care resources are coordinated to provide fast, coherent, and seamless health care in patients' homes. AIM: Explore registered nurses' experiences of working within the Collaborative Health Care model. METHODS: A qualitative, inductive design was used and was reported in accordance with the COREQ checklist. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted via video with eight registered nurses-six women and two men aged 27-65 years-with experience working in the CHC health care model. The interviews lasted between 40 and 105 min and were recorded and transcribed verbatim. RESULTS: The findings consist of three categories, divided into nine subcategories and illustrated by quotes. The CHC is experienced as a work model in progress, spurring initial feelings of anxiety and frustration. Working in the health care model is described as challenging due to uncontrolled increase in workload, complex assessments, and limited knowledge about the patient. Participants found CHC to be beneficial in several ways for patients and their relatives, for health care professionals, for participating organizations, and for society at large. CONCLUSION: Implementing an integrated health care model like CHC can initially be experienced as challenging. Health care professionals can experience initial feelings of frustration and anxiety, since the usual workload may be affected by unexpected assignments, requiring knowledge to conduct complex, and sometimes novel, assessments. Working in CHC is a learning process resulting in increased competence. Participants found CHC to be beneficial in several ways, making the most out of resources in organizations and society at large to provide coordinated integrated care to patients in their homes.
Gregory K, Amambua CT, Jaskowiak M
… +1 more, Jeanmougin C
Int Emerg Nurs
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41707522
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BACKGROUND: Early pregnancy loss (EPL), including miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy, affects a significant proportion of pregnancies and often leads patients to seek urgent care in the emergency department (ED). Despite...BACKGROUND: Early pregnancy loss (EPL), including miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy, affects a significant proportion of pregnancies and often leads patients to seek urgent care in the emergency department (ED). Despite this, the quality of care received varies and individuals often have negative experiences. This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of published research examining ED care for EPL, specifically focusing on patient experiences and compassionate clinical practices. METHODS: The PRISMA-ScR checklist was utilized for the review. A literature search was performed to identify studies on individuals' health care experiences in the ED setting following EPL, with particular attention paid to compassionate or empathetic care and the practices used to provide it. Searches were conducted in PubMed, PsychInfo, SocINDEX, and CINAHL. Four reviewers independently screened the records. RESULTS: Of the 89 records reviewed, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria.Themes emerging from the literature include an urgent need for improved education for ED healthcare professionals on accurate diagnosis, empathetic communication, and evidence-based management of EPL, standardized care protocols, and trauma-informed approaches tailored to reproductive loss. CONCLUSION: Findings from the review can inform future efforts to redesign ED practices to support patient-centered EPL care, particularly as EDs remain the primary site for EPL management in the United States.