The Kobe Journal Of Medical Sciences[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Involvement of Receptor-Mediated S1P Signaling in EGF-Induced Macropinocytosis in COS7 Cells.
Matovelo SA, Zhang L, Mohamed NNI … +4 more , Kajimoto T, Ijuin T, Okada T, Nakamura SI
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Nov · PMID 33431782
Macropinocytosis is a highly conserved cellular process of endocytosis by which extracellular fluid and nutrients are taken up into cells through large, heterogeneous vesicles known as macropinosomes. Growth factors such...
Macropinocytosis is a highly conserved cellular process of endocytosis by which extracellular fluid and nutrients are taken up into cells through large, heterogeneous vesicles known as macropinosomes. Growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) can induce macropinocytosis in many types of cells, although precise mechanism underlying EGF-induced macropinocytosis remains unclear. In the present studies we have shown the involvement of S1P signaling in EGF-induced macropinocytosis in COS7 cells. First, EGF-induced macropinocytosis was strongly impaired in sphingosine kinase isozymes, SphK1 or SphK2-depleted cells, which was completely rescued by the expression of the corresponding wild-type isozyme but not the catalytically inactive one, suggesting the involvement of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in this phenomenon. Next, we observed that EGF-induced macropinocytosis was strongly inhibited in S1P type 1 receptor (S1P1R)-knockdown cells, implying involvement of S1P1R in this event. Furthermore, we could successfully demonstrate EGF-induced trans-activation of S1P1R using one-molecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique. Moreover, for EGF-induced Rac1 activation, a step essential to F-actin formation and subsequent macropinocytosis, S1P signaling is required for its full activation, as judged by FRET analysis. These findings indicate that growth factors such as EGF utilize receptor-mediated S1P signaling for the regulation of macropinocytosis to fulfil vital cell activity.
Continuous Mandibular Nerve Block for Intractable Mandibular Pain Due to Antiresorptive Agent-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Case Report.
Fujimoto D, Obata N, Motoyama Y … +3 more , Sato H, Takao Y, Mizobuchi S
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Nov · PMID 33431781
Antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ) causes severe pain that cannot be controlled well by common analgesic drugs. This is a first case report of intractable mandibular pain due to ARONJ that was...
Antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ) causes severe pain that cannot be controlled well by common analgesic drugs. This is a first case report of intractable mandibular pain due to ARONJ that was eliminated by a continuous mandibular nerve block. A 72-year-old woman with osteoporosis had been administered bisphosphonate. One year after extraction of her tooth, she was diagnosed as having ARONJ. Jaw pain was so severe that she was unable to open her mouth and eat. We performed a continuous mandibular nerve block through an indwelling catheter with levobupivacaine for pain management. After the procedure, her rest pain was markedly improved, and the pain induced by opening her mouth disappeared. We conclude that a continuous mandibular nerve block may be helpful in the management of ARONJ.
Education Program for Male Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease to Change Dietary Behavior.
Mouri T, Hatamochi C, Uchino J … +1 more , Takayama K
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Oct · PMID 33431780
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) need to maintain proper eating behavior in order to maintain muscle mass and prevent weight loss. In this study, we measured the effects of a support program on...
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) need to maintain proper eating behavior in order to maintain muscle mass and prevent weight loss. In this study, we measured the effects of a support program on patient attitude, social influences, and self-efficacy and aimed to positively change their dietary behavior. We recruited male patients from two Japanese outpatient clinics and assigned each to an intervention or a control group. The intervention group participated in a support program and was assisted in acquiring knowledge and skills related to adopting and maintaining suitable eating behavior. Data were gathered through medical records, patient interviews, self-assessment questionnaires, and anthropometric measurements. The follow-up period was approximately 15 weeks. The final sample comprised 22 participants, with 11 each in the intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, the body weight was maintained. However, there were statistically significant improvements in energy intake and dietary measures such as eating fresh foods, compared with the control group. The intervention was observed to increase both meal suitability and energy intake among participants. Future support programs should also incorporate participants' physical activity levels, and the effects should be studied over a longer period.
The Risk Factors of Febrile Urinary Tract Infection After Ureterorenoscopic Lithotripsy.
Morokuma F, Sadashima E, Chikamatsu S … +3 more , Nakamura T, Hayakawa Y, Tokuda N
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Sep · PMID 33024068
We aimed to evaluate the risk factors for febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) following ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy (URSL) for upper urinary tract stones. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 109 patients with up...
We aimed to evaluate the risk factors for febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) following ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy (URSL) for upper urinary tract stones. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 109 patients with upper urinary tract stones who underwent URSL at our hospital from October 2016 to March 2019. We divided the patients into two groups: those who developed fUTI after URSL (fUTI group) and those who did not (non-fUTI group). The retrospectively collected data, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), mobility, diabetes mellitus, operative duration, preoperative ureteral stent placement, number of stones, stone diameter, CT value of stone, stone location, preoperative UTI, preoperative urine culture, preoperative pyelonephritis, and stone-free status were compared between the two groups. Postoperative fUTI occurred in three of the 109 patients (2.8%). Comparing the two groups, a significant risk factor for developing fUTI after URSL was a low BMI. However, in our study, only three cases developed fUTI after URSL; thus, a multivariate analysis could not be performed. One of the three cases in which fUTI occurred was accompanied by anorexia nervosa and an extremely low BMI of 11 kg/m². In summary, even though we had only 3 fUTI patients and did not perform multivariate analysis, our data suggested a significant risk factor for developing fUTI was a low BMI. Increasing the sample size, and further study seem desirable.
Bilateral Collateral Ligament Reconstruction for Chronic Elbow Dislocation.
Kataoka T, Kokubu T, Mifune Y … +6 more , Inui A, Nishimoto H, Kurosawa T, Yamaura K, Mukohara S, Kuroda R
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Sep · PMID 33024067
We report the case of a 37-year-old male with autism spectrum disorder who was hospitalized for chronic elbow dislocation. He had suffered a posterior elbow dislocation 5 months ago. His elbow dislocation was easily redu...
We report the case of a 37-year-old male with autism spectrum disorder who was hospitalized for chronic elbow dislocation. He had suffered a posterior elbow dislocation 5 months ago. His elbow dislocation was easily reduced, but the reduction position could not be maintained. Severe varus and valgus instabilities were observed in his right elbow. He was diagnosed with chronic elbow dislocation due to bilateral collateral ligament dysfunction and was surgically treated. Bilateral ligament reconstruction using the bilateral palmaris longus (PL) tendon combined with a temporary ulnohumeral joint fixation was performed. Cast immobilization was applied for 6 weeks. One year after surgery, his range of motion was -15° in extension, 140° in flexion, 80° in pronation, and 90° in supination. He did not face any problems in daily activities.
Interprofessional Collaborative Practice for Child Maltreatment Prevention in Japan: A Literature Review.
Ishii M, Honda J, Shimizu A … +5 more , Mitani R, Uchimura R, Hashimoto M, Ide H, Takada S
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Sep · PMID 33024066
This literature review explored the factors promoting interprofessional collaborative practice for the child maltreatment prevention in Japan. We searched the Japanese database of ICHUSHI-web, focusing on studies publish...
This literature review explored the factors promoting interprofessional collaborative practice for the child maltreatment prevention in Japan. We searched the Japanese database of ICHUSHI-web, focusing on studies published between 1990 and 2015. The studies were examined for methodological quality using the critical appraisal checklists. We initially identified 161 articles and finally selected eight studies that met the selection criteria and were analyzed. The Collaborative Practice Circle based on the Interprofessional Education for Collaborative Patient-Centered Practice framework, was used as a conceptual framework to analyze the data and to discuss the review findings. Data analysis continued until categories were saturated using content analysis. Five categories as interactional factors, two categories as organizational factors and three categories as systemic factors were identified. The findings revealed that interactional factors were composed of practical competencies and experiences of professionals. Our findings also indicate that educational programs for improving practical competencies of professionals at the individual level and establishing a system of training and human resource development at the organizational level are required. Further research is warranted to examine the impact the challenges outlined in the interactional factors, the organizational interventions and support for clients.
Prognostic Factors for Survival of Patients with Biliary Atresia Following Kasai Surgery.
Qisthi SA, Saragih DSP, Sutowo DW … +5 more , Sirait DN, Imelda P, Kencana SMS, Makhmudi A, Gunadi
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Aug · PMID 33024065
Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive obstruction and fibro-obliteration of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary tract that causes cholestatic jaundice in infants, resulting in biliary cirrhosis and even death in th...
Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive obstruction and fibro-obliteration of the extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary tract that causes cholestatic jaundice in infants, resulting in biliary cirrhosis and even death in the first year of life if the Kasai procedure is not performed at an earlier age. There are many prognostic factors that could affect the survival of patients with BA after Kasai surgery, however results still show some conflicting findings. A retrospective study was conducted using medical records of patients with BA who underwent Kasai surgery at Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia from June 2012 to April 2018. Twenty-nine BA patients were involved in our study, with 16 males and 13 females. Log-rank analysis showed a significant association between survival rate of BA patients with albumin level 1 month and 3 months after Kasai surgery, with p-values of 0.043 and 0.016, respectively. Interestingly, multivariate analysis revealed that cholangitis tended to have an association with BA patients' survival (p=0.09). In conclusion, the BA patients' survival might be affected by the presence of cholangitis after Kasai surgery. Further multicenter studies with a larger sample size are important to verify our results.
Quantitative Evaluation of Handwriting Skills during Childhood.
Watanabe Y, Ohtoshi T, Takiguchi T … +2 more , Ishikawa A, Takada S
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Aug · PMID 33024064
BACKGROUND: Handwriting skills are very important skills for school-aged children, and consist of the abilities to control writing pressure and to assess shapes visually. Currently, various kinds of research have been co...
BACKGROUND: Handwriting skills are very important skills for school-aged children, and consist of the abilities to control writing pressure and to assess shapes visually. Currently, various kinds of research have been conducted to clarify the developmental process of handwriting to establish methods for evaluating handwriting skills. However, a gold standard method has not been established. PURPOSE: This study aimed to clarify the developmental process of handwriting and to develop a new method for evaluating handwriting skills. METHOD: One hundred ninety-nine children aged from 4 to 12 years old and 17 young adults participated in this study. They were asked to draw a line carefully between two parallel lines with an electronic pen. Pressure during drawing and distance from the center point of the parallel lines were monitored continually using originally developed computer software. RESULTS: Depending on age, the average pressure increased until seven years old, and afterward it was sustained at almost the same level as adults. The distance from the center points was similarly reduced until seven years old, and afterward it also remained at the same level. On the other hand, the time required for performance increased until the age of 7, whereupon it decreased with age. Considering the factor of speed in the second step, handwriting skills gradually improved depending on age even after seven years old. CONCLUSION: In the development of handwriting skills, our study suggests that accuracy develops in an earlier stage and then the ability of speed control develops in the next stage. The new method developed in this study is expected to be useful as a tool for evaluating handwriting skills. Our method might be useful in evaluating and supporting children with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, who are often affected by a lack of dexterity．.
Fibronectin-containing High-Density Lipoprotein is Associated with Cancer Cell Adhesion and Proliferation.
Hisamatsu E, Nagao M, Toh R … +7 more , Irino Y, Iino T, Hara T, Tanaka H, Satomi-Kobayashi S, Ishida T, Hirata KI
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Aug · PMID 32814756
A large amount of evidence suggests that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has anti-atherosclerotic properties. HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) has also been widely used as a marker of cardiovascular disease. Recently, it was repor...
A large amount of evidence suggests that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has anti-atherosclerotic properties. HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) has also been widely used as a marker of cardiovascular disease. Recently, it was reported that plasma HDL-C levels are inversely correlated with cancer risk. However, the relationship between HDL and cancer pathophysiology remains unknown. Here, we sought to investigate the effect of HDL on cancer progression. First, we focused on fibronectin-an essential extracellular matrix glycoprotein-as an HDL-associated protein and found that only 7.4% of subjects in this study had fibronectin in HDL isolated from their plasma. The fibronectin-containing HDL (FN-HDL) increased the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in HeLa cells compared to HDL without fibronectin, further inducing the phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Second, we found that fibronectin-treated HDL activated the phosphorylation of FAK, and its upstream effector blocked the phosphorylation induced by FN-HDL. Finally, we demonstrated that FN-HDL promoted cancer cell proliferation and adhesion compared to HDL without fibronectin. Our study showed the possible mechanism by which FN-HDL enhanced cancer cell proliferation and adhesion via the FAK signaling pathway. Further investigation of the roles of HDL components in tumorigenesis might provide novel insight into cancer pathophysiology.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin G Modulates the Expression of Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy Factors and Increases Serum IgM Levels: A Prospective, Single-Center Intervention Study.
Ando Y, Inoue S, Kawashima T … +3 more , Okashiro M, Kotani J, Nishiyama T
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Jun · PMID 32814755
Sepsis and sepsis-related multiple organ failure are major causes of mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. This study aimed to determine the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIgG) on different types of...
Sepsis and sepsis-related multiple organ failure are major causes of mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. This study aimed to determine the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIgG) on different types of immunoglobulin and anti-coagulant factor types in sepsis patients. A single-center observational study of patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock was conducted from August 2008 to March 2013. Patients were divided into the IVIgG (immunoglobulin G [IgG] <870 mg/dL; lower normal range) and non-IVIgG (IgG ≥870 mg/dL) groups. The IVIgG group received IVIgG for three days, and other standard medications. Serial measurements were taken of serum IgG, immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), total plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (tPAI-1), and protein C. Patients in the IVIgG treatment group had significantly higher serum IgM level on Days 4 and 7 than on Day 1, but no significant changes in IgM levels were observed in patients in the non-IVIgG group. Patients in the IVIgG treatment had lower tPAI-1 levels on Days 4 and 7 than on Day 1 and increased protein C levels on Day 7 compared to those on Days 1 and 4. There were no significant differences in tPAI-1 levels or protein C levels in the non-IVIgG group, although a similar trend was observed. IVIgG administration increased patients' serum IgM and protein C levels and decreased their serum tPAI-1 levels. IVIgG has potential application for preventing sepsis-induced coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Detection of Novel Amino Acid Polymorphisms in the East Asian CagA of Helicobacter Pylori with Full Sequencing Data.
Hayashi H, Inoue J, Oyama K … +5 more , Matsuoka K, Nishiumi S, Yoshida M, Yano Y, Kodama Y
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Jun · PMID 32814754
Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) is generally accepted to be the most important virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori and increases the risk of developing gastric cancer. East Asian CagA, which includes the EPIYA-D s...
Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) is generally accepted to be the most important virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori and increases the risk of developing gastric cancer. East Asian CagA, which includes the EPIYA-D segment at the C-terminal region, has a significantly higher gastric carcinogenic rate than Western CagA including the EPIYA-C segment. Although the amino acid polymorphism surrounding the EPIYA motif in the C-terminal region has been examined in detail, limited information is currently available on the amino acid polymorphism of the N-terminal region of East Asian CagA. In the present study, we analyzed the sequencing data of East Asian CagA that we obtained previously to detect amino acid changes (AACs) in the N-terminal region of East Asian CagA. Four highly frequent AACs in the N-terminal region of East Asian CagA were detected in our datasets, two of which (V356A, Y677F) exhibited reproducible specificity using a validation dataset from the NCBI database, which are candidate AACs related to the pathogenic function of CagA. We examined whether these AACs affect the functions of CagA in silico model. The computational docking simulation model showed that binding affinity between CagA and phosphatidylserine remained unchanged in the model of mutant CagA reflecting both AAC, whereas that between CagA and α5β1 integrin significantly increased. Based on whole genome sequencing data we herein identified novel specific AACs in the N-terminal regions of EPIYA-D that have the potential to change the function of CagA.
Prebiotics Improved the Defecation Status via Changes in the Microbiota and Short-chain Fatty Acids in Hemodialysis Patients.
Miyoshi M, Shiroto A, Kadoguchi H … +2 more , Usami M, Hori Y
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Apr · PMID 32814753
Hemodialysis patients often become constipated. We analyzed the effect of prebiotics on the defecation status due to the intestinal environment in hemodialysis patients. Fifteen patients received prebiotics as partially...
Hemodialysis patients often become constipated. We analyzed the effect of prebiotics on the defecation status due to the intestinal environment in hemodialysis patients. Fifteen patients received prebiotics as partially hydrolyzed guar gum for four weeks. The defecation status was assessed using both the Bristol Stool Form Scale and the Japanese version of the Constipation Assessment Scale. The fecal status, microbiota measured by a terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations by gas chromatography were compared before and after prebiotics ingestion. Prebiotics ingestion improved the individual stool form and decreased the constipation score from 5.1 to 3.0. The ratio of short-chain fatty acid-producing microbiota, such as Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides, increased after ingestion (2.35- and 3.17-fold, respectively). Furthermore, the concentration of short-chain fatty acids significantly increased (1.58-fold). The individual dendrogram distribution after ingestion was changed in 8 participants (53.3% of the subjects). In 5 participants (33.3% of the subjects), the clusters were even more noticeably different. Prebiotics improved the defecation status in hemodialysis patients due in part to the composition of intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid concentrations.
Phosphoethanolamine Elevation in Plasma of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1 Patients.
Rochmah MA, Wijaya YOS, Harahap NIF … +13 more , Tode C, Takeuchi A, Ohuchi K, Shimazawa M, Hara H, Funato M, Saito T, Saito K, Lai PS, Awano H, Shinohara M, Nishio H, Niba ETE
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Apr · PMID 32814752
BACKGROUND: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by degeneration or loss of lower motor neurons. The survival of motor neuron (SMN) 1 gene, which produces the SMN p...
BACKGROUND: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterized by degeneration or loss of lower motor neurons. The survival of motor neuron (SMN) 1 gene, which produces the SMN protein, has been identified as a responsible gene for the disease. SMN is ubiquitously expressed in any tissue and may play an important role on the metabolism in the human body. However, no appropriate biomarkers reflecting the alteration in the metabolism in SMA have been identified. METHODS: Low-molecular-weight metabolites were extracted from plasma of 20 human infants (9 SMA type 1 patients and 11 controls) and 9 infant mice (5 SMA-model mice, 4 control mice), and derivatized with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide. Finally, the derivatized products were applied to Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry apparatus. To confirm the metabolite abnormality in SMA type 1 patients, we performed SMN-silencing experiment using a hepatocyte-derived cell line (HepG2). RESULTS: We performed a comprehensive metabolomics analysis of plasma from the patients with SMA type 1 and controls, and found that phosphoethanolamine (PEA) was significantly higher in the patients than in the controls. HepG2 experiment also showed that SMN-silencing increased PEA levels. However, comprehensive metabolomics analysis of plasma from SMA-model mice and control mice showed different profile compared to human plasma; there was no increase of PEA even in the SMA-model mice plasma. CONCLUSION: Our data suggested that PEA was one of the possible biomarkers of human SMA reflecting metabolic abnormalities due to the SMN protein deficiency.
Current Situation of Chronic Kidney Disease Management in General Practice in Japan: A Questionnaire Survey for General Physicians.
Ito J, Nishi S
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Mar · PMID 32249273
Total management of chronic kidney disease has been well established, and the screening using dipstick urine test has already been widespread in Japan. Nevertheless, the number of dialysis patients is still rising. While...
Total management of chronic kidney disease has been well established, and the screening using dipstick urine test has already been widespread in Japan. Nevertheless, the number of dialysis patients is still rising. While clinical cooperation between general physicians and nephrologists is expected to improve prognoses of chronic kidney disease patients, real situation of the management in general practice has not been obvious. We conducted a questionnaire survey for the doctors of Hyogo Prefecture Medical Association excluding nephrologists to clarify the situation and the issue about chronic kidney disease management in general practice. Total 169 doctors replied to the questionnaire. In 74.0% of medical facilities, estimated glomerular filtration rate was automatically calculated and indicated in the result report with the measurement of serum creatinine. The compliance rates of the chronic kidney disease clinical guideline for Japanese regarding referral to nephrologists were 33.7% in cases of urine abnormality and 57.4% in cases of decreased kidney function. For the patients of diabetes without previous diagnosis of nephropathy, only 30.8% of doctors examined urine albumin at least every 6 months. In general practice, there is still much possibility to improve chronic kidney disease management. We have to continue to advocate the significance of clinical cooperation between general physicians and nephrologists, with high level of evidence.
Calcitriol Ameliorates Kidney Injury Through Reducing Podocytopathy, Tubular Injury, Inflammation and Fibrosis in 5/6 Subtotal Nephrectomy Model in Rats.
Sari DCR, Putri MW, Leksono TP … +6 more , Chairunnisa N, Reynaldi GN, Simanjuntak BC, Debora J, Yunus J, Arfian N
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Mar · PMID 32249272
Chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) lead to end-stage renal diseases (ESRD) which are characterized by glomerulosclerosis, tubular injury, anemia, inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis. Vitamin D is known to have renal prot...
Chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) lead to end-stage renal diseases (ESRD) which are characterized by glomerulosclerosis, tubular injury, anemia, inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis. Vitamin D is known to have renal protective effects. However, its effects relate to low and high doses of Vitamin D in CKD model is still unknown. CKD was performed using 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy procedure in male Sprague Dawley rats (3 months old, 200-300 grams, SN group; n=6), then rats were sacrificed on day 14 after operation. Sham operation was used for control (SO group; n=6). Calcitriol was administered in two doses : 0.01 µg/mL/100 gramsBW/day (SND1 group; n=6) and 0.05 µg/mL/100 gramsBW/day (SND2 group; n=6) intraperitoneally for 14 days. Glomerulosclerosis and tubular injury score were examined using PAS staining, meanwhile, interstitial fibrosis area fraction was assessed with Sirius Red staining. RT-PCR was performed for assessing nephrin, podocin, IL-6, CD68, Collagen-1, and TGF-β1 mRNA expressions. Immunostaining (IHC) was carried out to observe macrophage (CD68) and myofibroblast (α-SMA). SN demonstrated CKD condition with higher tubular injury, glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation compared to SO. Calcitriol-treated group (especially SND2) demonstrated significant lower tubular injury, glomerulosclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis compared to SN. SND2 group showed not only significantly lower CD68, IL-6, Collagen-1, and TGF-β1 mRNA expressions, but also higher mRNA expressions of nephrin and podocin. SND2 group also demonstrated reduction of macrophages infiltration and myofibroblasts expansion based on its histopathological appearance. Vitamin D may have a renoprotective effect on 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy model by attenuating podocytopathy, tubular injury, inflammation and interstitial fibrosis.
Nursing Care Time for Newborns during Hospitalization in a Mixed Hospital Ward with an Obstetrics Department.
Nakai K, Saito I, Osawa K
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Mar · PMID 32249271
PURPOSE: This study aimed to better understand the nursing care time spent with healthy term newborns from birth to discharge, giving insight into neonatal nursing staff management. METHOD: In total, 30 healthy term newb...
PURPOSE: This study aimed to better understand the nursing care time spent with healthy term newborns from birth to discharge, giving insight into neonatal nursing staff management. METHOD: In total, 30 healthy term newborns in a mixed hospital ward with an Obstetrics Department participated in this study. To measure care time, they had a wireless beacon attached to their cots. This measured how much time the nurses stayed in front of the cot from the time of birth until discharge, 24 hours/day. Collected data were tabulated every 24 hours after birth. RESULTS: Seventeen newborns had their data analyzed. The average length of hospital stay for the newborns was 8231.3 minutes. The average nursing care time for the newborns was 533.8 minutes. Nurses provided the highest care time during the first 24 hours after birth (157.6 minutes/24hr). After the first 24, the average nursing care time gradually decreased. The average nursing care time during the first 24 hours after birth was longer than the nursing care time for any other 24-hour periods, with a significant difference (p = 0.001 to 0.046). CONCLUSION: The nursing care time for healthy newborns gradually decreased with the passage of time after birth. Healthy newborns should be treated as individuals, and the number of nursing staff should be adjusted according to the number of newborns in the ward to ensure nursing care quality and to prevent life-threatening events during the first 24 hours after birth.
Vitamin D Ameliorates Kidney Ischemia Reperfusion Injury via Reduction of Inflammation and Myofibroblast Expansion.
Arfian N, Budiharjo S, Wibisono DP … +7 more , Setyaningsih WAW, Romi MM, Saputri RLAAW, Rofiah EK, Rahmanti T, Agustin M, Sari DCR
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Mar · PMID 32201429
The incidence rate of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) gets escalated each year. Kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury (IR injury) is the main cause of AKI after major cardiovascular surgery, trauma, or kidney transplantation. Rep...
The incidence rate of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) gets escalated each year. Kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury (IR injury) is the main cause of AKI after major cardiovascular surgery, trauma, or kidney transplantation. Reperfusion is considered essential for ischemic tissue. However, the evidence revealed that reperfusion itself has impact in cellular destruction. Vitamin D is not only known as calcium regulating hormone, but also as renoprotective agent. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D treatment on kidney IR injury in mice. Kidney IR injury was performed using 30 minutes of bilateral clamping of renal pedicles, then released in male Swiss Webster mice (3 months, 30-40 grams, n=20), which were divided into three groups: sham operation (SO) group, IR injury (IRI) group, and IR injury with 0.25 µg/ kg body weight of vitamin D treatment (IR7+VD). Mice were terminated at day 7 post operation, kidneys were harvested and used for paraffin making, immunostaining and RNA extraction. Tubular injury was quantified based on Periodic Acid-Schiff's (PAS) staining. Immunostaining was done for quantification of macrophage (CD68) and myofibroblast (α-SMA). Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was done to examine Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA expression. Kidney IR injury induced significant increase of tubular injury, which was associated with higher myofibroblast and macrophage number. Meanwhile, Vitamin D treatment significantly reduced tubular, myofibroblast and macrophage number. RTPCR revealed reduction of TLR4 and MCP-1 mRNA expressions after Vitamin D treatment (p<0.05 vs IR group). Vitamin D ameliorates kidney IR injury through reducing inflammation and myofibroblast formation.
Factors Preventing Prolonged Closed-Suction Drain Placement after Immediate Breast Reconstruction with Tissue Expanders.
Tokiyoshi T, Tsunashima C, Nomura T … +3 more , Hashikawa K, Terashi H, Kawamura S
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Feb · PMID 32201428
BACKGROUND: Prolonged drain placement occasionally causes complications such as infection in patients who have undergone implant-based breast reconstruction; therefore, the drainage period must be shortened to avoid comp...
BACKGROUND: Prolonged drain placement occasionally causes complications such as infection in patients who have undergone implant-based breast reconstruction; therefore, the drainage period must be shortened to avoid complications. PURPOSE: To identify the factors that prevent prolonged drain placement in patients who have undergone immediate breast reconstruction with tissue expanders. METHODS: This was a retrospective medical chart review of all patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction with tissue expanders at a single center from April 2013 to March 2016. Closed-suction drains were placed in and on the implant pocket. An extra drain was positioned in the axilla in patients undergoing axillary lymph node dissection. The drains were removed at a drainage volume of ≤50 ml per 24 hours. Prolonged drain placement was defined as a period greater than the 75th percentile among all patients. Nine potential risk factors associated with prolonged drain placement were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In total, 89 tissue expanders in 89 patients were placed in this study. Prolonged drain placement, determined as ≥9 days (range, 5-14 days), was significantly associated with body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, tissue expander size ≥500 ml, and intraoperative bleeding ≥100 ml, in the multivariate analysis. Axillary lymph node dissection with extra-axillary drainage did not prolong the drainage period. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that placing an extra-axillary closed-suction drain following axillary dissection, and reducing intraoperative bleeding and surgical trauma, could prevent prolonged drain placement in immediate breast reconstruction with tissue expanders.
The Affect of Lifestyle on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover in Young Women.
Motooka N, Matsuo H
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Feb · PMID 32201427
INTRODUCTION: This research aimed to evaluate the effect of lifestyle factors such as nutrient intake and physical activity on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover in young women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BMD was a...
INTRODUCTION: This research aimed to evaluate the effect of lifestyle factors such as nutrient intake and physical activity on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover in young women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BMD was assessed using Quantitative Ultrasound; lifestyle-related factors such as dietary habits, and physical activity were examined using questionnaires in 194 female college students. The biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured in the Osteopenia (BMD below the Young Adult Mean [YAM] -1.0SD, 16 subjects) and Normal (above the YAM-1.0SD, 31 subjects) groups. RESULTS: The percentage of osteopenia was 11.9%. Calcium and magnesium intake (p<0.05), and physical activity (p<0.1) were found to be factors influencing BMD. The level of osteocalcin and type 1 procollagen N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) were higher in the Osteopenia group than in the Normal group (p<0.05). There was tendency that showed relationship between the level of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and BMD (p<0.1). The level of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in the 25OH vitamin D insufficiency group compared to sufficiency group (p<0.05). The levels of OC, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b and P1NP were lower in the ucOC <4.5 ng/ml group compared to ≥4.5 ng/ml group (p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.1), respectively. CONCLUSION: This study showed that BMD in young women is affected by calcium and magnesium intake, physical activity, and vitamin D and K levels. It was suggested that the insufficiency of vitamin D and K might be contributable to low BMD through the change of bone turnover.
Prevalence of Parasitic Contamination of Cockroaches Collected from Fresh Markets in Chachoengsao Province, Thailand.
Dokmaikaw A, Suntaravitun P
Kobe J Med Sci · 2020 Feb · PMID 32201426
Cockroaches are the greatest potential mechanical vector of various pathogenic microorganisms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and species type of human pathogenic parasite infestations on the external body...
Cockroaches are the greatest potential mechanical vector of various pathogenic microorganisms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and species type of human pathogenic parasite infestations on the external body surface of the cockroaches. A total of 450 cockroaches collected from three fresh markets were identified in three species belonging to Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta brunnea and Periplaneta australasiae. Helminth and protozoan species were identified by using a direct wet smear technique and modified acid-fast staining technique. The overall prevalence rate of parasitic infestation on the external body surface of cockroaches was 46.4% (209/450). The number of cockroaches infested with protozoa was 44.7% (99/209) and helminths was 44.0% (92/209), while 8.6% (18/209) were infested by both protozoan and helminth parasites. A total of 272 parasite specimens belonging to 16 species were found: ten species of protozoan were identified as Cryptosporidium spp. (15.4%), Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (8.5%), Cyclospora spp. (7.0%), Blastocystis hominis (6.6%), Cystoisospora belli (6.6%), Endolimax nana (4.0%), Entamoeba coli (2.2%), Chilomastix mesnili (1.5%), Balantidium coli (1.1%) and Iodamoeba butschlii (1.1%); six species of helminths included Toxocara spp. (8.5%), Trichuris trichiura (6.3%), Ascaris lumbricoides (5.9%), Taenia spp. (5.1%), Strongyloides stercoralis (4.4%), and hookworm (2.2%). Unidentified species of the helminths were isolated, namely nematode larva (9.9%) and helminth eggs (3.7%). Our results show that the cockroaches collected from fresh markets are potential mechanical vectors of several protozoan and helminth species.
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