Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi. The Journal Of The Stomatological Society, Japan[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
[Relationship between jaws and the masseter muscle by superimposing MR images on the cephalogram].
Higashino R
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2006 Mar · PMID 16629478 · Publisher ↗
The purpose of this study was to observe the morphological relationship between maxillofacial skeleton and masseter by superimposing the masseter image constructed by MR image scanning on the cephalogram. Sixteen subject...
The purpose of this study was to observe the morphological relationship between maxillofacial skeleton and masseter by superimposing the masseter image constructed by MR image scanning on the cephalogram. Sixteen subjects with different mandibular plane angle were examined in this study. Cephalogram and MR images of each subject were taken, and the images were input to a computer by using a digitizer. The areas of masseter were selected in each MR scan image which were projected to the mid-sagittal layer of the MR scan images. The synthesized image of cephalogram and masseter was obtained by completely superimposing sagittal images of the masseter with the mid-sagittal-plane MR image on the cephalogram. The inclination of masseter was determined by the center of gravity on the cross-section of masseter. These synthesized images of cephalogram and masseter showed various shapes of masseter according to different mandibular plane angle. The inclination of masseter had a close correlation with some skeletal parameters (mandibular plane angle, ANB, Y-axis, facial angle, saddle angle) of cephalometric analysis. The volume of the masseter also had a close correlation with skeletal parameters (mandibular plane angle, gonial angle, Y-axis). These results revealed that morphometric analysis using synthesized images of cephalogram and masseter is useful, and that the inclination and the volume of masseter may have an influence on the shape of the mandibular bone and its vertical and anteroposterior development.
[Relationship between occlusal condition and the changes of bolus property during mastication].
Saito Y
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2006 Mar · PMID 16629477 · Publisher ↗
The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between occlusal condition and changes of bolus property during mastication. The methods and results were as follows. Subjects were selected according to the clas...
The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between occlusal condition and changes of bolus property during mastication. The methods and results were as follows. Subjects were selected according to the classification of anterior-posterior occlusal condition of the first molars (Angle' Class I, II, III group). 1. Evaluation of the relationship between occlusal condition and subjective chewing difficulty based on a questionnaire survey using a visual analog scale (VAS): Class II and Class III groups showed significantly higher subjective chewing difficulty compared to the Class I group. 2. Evaluation of the relationship between occlusal condition and changes of bolus property (chewiness) during mastication: In the Class II and Class III groups, the decrease in chewiness during the initial phase of mastication was significantly low compared to that in the Class I group. 3. To verify the results of 2, we examined bolus destruction for different loading directions using FEM and evaluated the differences among the three groups. We also investigated the correlation of the actual jaw movement and the masticatory efficiency according to the loading direction in the three groups: In the Class II and III groups, actual jaw movement was not significantly correlated with the most efficient loading direction in bolus destruction compared to that in the Class I group. These results indicate the correlation between occlusal condition and changes of bolus property during mastication. The subjective chewing difficulty may be one mediating factor. The efficiency of bolus destruction during mastication may also be associated with the relationship between occlusal condition and bolus property.
[Prediction of occult cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with stage I -II squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity].
Myo K
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2006 Mar · PMID 16629476 · Publisher ↗
The presence of lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in oral cancer. The purpose of this study was to find useful markers for predicting occult cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with sta...
The presence of lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in oral cancer. The purpose of this study was to find useful markers for predicting occult cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with stage I or II squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. We investigated 6 clinicopathologic factors and 2 genetic markers to predict late or occult cervical metastasis in 33 patients with stage I and II oral squamous cell carcinoma who underwent partial glossectomy through the mouth without elective neck dissection. In this study, we performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with specimens obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNA biopsies) of primary oral cancer material, to investigate numerical aberration of the gene. Late cervical lymph node metastasis occurred in 16 of the 33 patients (48.5%) during follow-up after treatment of the primary tumor. Factors significantly associated with the development of cervical metastasis were the mode of invasion (p = 0.009), cyclin D1 (p = 0.003) and EGFR numerical aberration (p = 0.024). The rate of disease-free survival from metastatic disease was significantly lower in patients with mode of invasion 4 C-4 D than in those with 1-3, and was significantly lower in patients with cyclin D 1 or EGFR gene numerical aberrations than in those without such aberrations (log rank test, p = 0.0064, p = 0.0016 or p = 0.0150). Our results indicate that patients with stage I - II squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity with the mode of invasion 4 C or 4 D, cyclin D 1 and EGFR gene numerical aberration should be considered a high-risk group for late cervical lymph node metastasis.
[Studies on measurement of oral mucosal color with non-contact spectrum colorimeter].
Ohata Y
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2006 Mar · PMID 16629475 · Publisher ↗
Color inspection plays an important role in the diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions. However, it is sometimes difficult to diagnose by color, because color is always evaluated subjectively. In order to measure color object...
Color inspection plays an important role in the diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions. However, it is sometimes difficult to diagnose by color, because color is always evaluated subjectively. In order to measure color objectively and quantitatively, we decided to use a newly developed spectrum colorimeter for the oral mucosa. To keep the same angle and distance, a special stick was utilized. Various experiments were performed and suitable conditions for accurate colorimetric measurement were decided, including room temperature with cooling fan, onset time of the device, calibration timing, and the angle between light and the measured surface. The reproducibility of this method was confirmed by measuring the color of the buccal mucosa in healthy persons.
[The relationship between three-dimensional occlusal force and tooth displacement depending on clenching force in function].
Suzuki M
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2006 Mar · PMID 16629474 · Publisher ↗
This study evaluated the relationship between occlusal force and tooth displacement in function. The three-dimensional tooth displacement transducer Type M-3 was used to measure the tooth displacement path and a three-di...
This study evaluated the relationship between occlusal force and tooth displacement in function. The three-dimensional tooth displacement transducer Type M-3 was used to measure the tooth displacement path and a three-dimensional small occlusal force sensor was developed to detect the occlusal force. Subjects' teeth were the upper and lower first molars. The three-dimensional tooth displacement and occlusal force of the upper and lower first molars were measured at the same time during light and heavy clenching in vivo. The direction of the tooth displacement and that of the occlusal force of the upper first molar almost coincided and they were along the palato-apical direction. However, in the lower first molar, the direction of occlusal force was in the apical direction, and the tooth displacement path was along the lingual direction. There was no relationship between the direction of occlusal force and clenching intensity at the upper and lower first molars and no relationship was observed between the direction of tooth displacement and occlusal force at the lower first molar. However, the upper molars showed a tendency to move more in the palatal direction as the force increased. In the case of the upper first molar, the energy of force seemed to change with the distortion of the alveolar bone especially around the root surface. However, in the case of the lower first molar, the energy of this occlusal force might be absorbed by the deformation of the mandible.
[Quantitative analysis of periodontal pathogens in aggressive periodontitis patients in a Japanese population].
Ohnishi M
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2006 Mar · PMID 16629473 · Publisher ↗
The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between the relative/absolute numbers of periodontal bacteria and different types of periodontitis. Fifteen patients with localized aggressive periodontitis (L...
The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between the relative/absolute numbers of periodontal bacteria and different types of periodontitis. Fifteen patients with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP), 25 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and 28 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) were included in this study. Saliva and subgingival plaque samples were collected from all subjects for microbiological analysis. The prevalence and proportions of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythensis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola were determined by conventional PCR and real-time PCR. The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in saliva was significantly higher in LAgP patients (46.7%) and GAgP patients (40.0%) than that in CP patients (14.3%). The mean proportion of A. actinomycetemcomitans in LAgP patients (4.42%) was significantly higher than that in GAgP patients (0.59%) and CP patients (0.37%) in saliva. In subgingival plaque, LAgP patients showed a significantly higher mean proportion of T. forsythensis (19.8%) than CP patients (7.45%). In conclusion, A. actinomycetemcomitans was the more predominant periodontopathic bacteria in LAgP than in GAgP and CP. The increased proportion of T. forsythensis might relate to LAgP, in addition to A. actinomycetemcomitans. These results indicate that real-time PCR analysis is useful for the evaluation of the bacterial profiles in different types of periodontitis.
[The expression of transcription factor Osterix in human periodontal ligament cells].
Ueda-Maeda M
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2006 Mar · PMID 16629472 · Publisher ↗
Periodontal ligament (PDL) has a heterogeneous cell population, where some of the cells may be capable of differentiating into either cementoblasts or osteoblasts. Recently, C 2 H 2 zinc finger transcription factor Oster...
Periodontal ligament (PDL) has a heterogeneous cell population, where some of the cells may be capable of differentiating into either cementoblasts or osteoblasts. Recently, C 2 H 2 zinc finger transcription factor Osterix has been reported. Osterix is one of the master regulators of bone cell differentiation and it has two different isoforms. According to a recent report, osteogenic differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells can be induced by overexpression of Osterix. The purpose of this study was to investigate about the expression of Osterix on human PDL (hPDL), and whether the osteogenic differentiation of hPDL cells can be induced by overexpression of Osterix. hPDL cells were obtained from healthy human teeth indicated for extraction for orthodontic treatment. All procedure used in this study was approved by the local ethical committee of Tokyo Medical and Dental University. To investigate expression of Osterix mRNA in hPDL tissues and cells, RT-PCR experiments were performed. Two different isoform Osterix expression vectors were made and transiently transfected into hPDL cells. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by RT-PCR for genes associated with the osteoblast lineage such as Osteopontin, Osteocalcin, and Bone Sialoprotein. RT-PCR analyses showed that osterix mRNA was expressed in both hPDL tissue and cells. The expression of Osterix short isoform was higher than that of the long isoform. Overexpression of Osterix induced upregulated expression of Bone Sialoprotein mRNA. In expression levels of Osteopontin and Osteocalcin mRNA, compared to the control, no difference was observed. In conclusion, Osterix plays important roles in the osteoblastic differentiation in hPDL cells and modulates the mineralization.
[Supporting independent oral health care among the home-care elderly--the influence of dementia].
Watanabe Y
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2006 Mar · PMID 16629471 · Publisher ↗
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of dementia based on the changes of independence conditions targeting the home-care elderly classified as Care level 1 of care needs or support. The care managers ente...
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of dementia based on the changes of independence conditions targeting the home-care elderly classified as Care level 1 of care needs or support. The care managers entered the basic information and assessment including oral health care for them. The independence level and other aspects of the elderly with and without dementia were examined comparatively for eight weeks. The results were as follows: 1. The highest independence level was observed for oral health care of the elderly without dementia, and it remained at the highest level for eight weeks. 2. Almost all independence levels of the elderly with dementia were significantly lower than those without dementia. 3. The willingness of the elderly without dementia was high among all areas, it was the highest of oral health care. A significant difference was observed between those with and without dementia. 4. As for cooperation from family members, the lowest value was oral health care. It is suggested that the elderly requiring home-based long-term light care or support have a high independence level concerning oral health care. The willingness toward oral health care of the elderly with mild dementia was still high. The elderly with dementia were less independent regarding oral health care. Moreover, an increasing number of elderly people live by themselves, and do not expect support from their families. Active intervention by experts is necessary to improve their independence concerning oral health care.
[Identification of the novel host factor that interacts with HIV-1 integrase and analysis of the expression profile of the interactor in vivo].
Hamamoto S
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2006 Mar · PMID 16629470 · Publisher ↗
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is one of the lentiviruses, and unlike other retroviruses, HIV-1 is capable of infecting not only dividing cells but also non-dividing cells. It has been strongly suggested tha...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is one of the lentiviruses, and unlike other retroviruses, HIV-1 is capable of infecting not only dividing cells but also non-dividing cells. It has been strongly suggested that this property is due to the viral mechanism which facilitates the integration of the viral genome cDNA into the host chromosome more efficiently than other retroviruses. HIV-1 integrase (IN) is a viral protein which catalyzes insertion of the viral genome cDNA into the host cell chromosome. However, it has been suggested that HIV-1 IN also plays putative roles at the steps prior to integration such as uncoating, reverse transcription and nuclear transport of the viral cDNA. In this study, we tried to identify the novel host factor which interacted with HIV-1 IN using two different kinds of yeast two hybrid methods: the conventional yeast two hybrid method and the mating method. First, the full-length cDNA fragment of HIV-1 IN was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the amplified products were ligated into pGBT 9 vector as bait. Plasmid vectors expressing human lymphocytes cDNA library and HeLa cDNA library were used as prey plasmid in the conventional yeast two hybrid method and the mating method, respectively. These plasmids were transformed into the corresponding yeast strain cells, and several positive clones were isolated. As a result, a known gene product was identified as a candidate. Further analysis revealed that this protein was expressed in HeLa, 293 T cells, primary macrophages and activated T lymphocytes, and that suppression of this protein expression affected HIV-1 replication.
[Treatment results of acupuncture in inferior alveolar and lingual nerves sensory paralysis after oral surgery].
Ka L, Hirata Y, Kobayashi A … +3 more , Wake H, Kino K, Amagasa T
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2006 Mar · PMID 16629469 · Publisher ↗
The effect of acupuncture in sensory paralysis was evaluated in 43 patients. Thiry-two cases in the study group were after mandibular third molar extraction and 11 cases by postoperative injury of orthognathic surgery. T...
The effect of acupuncture in sensory paralysis was evaluated in 43 patients. Thiry-two cases in the study group were after mandibular third molar extraction and 11 cases by postoperative injury of orthognathic surgery. Treatment was performed in four forms: needles only (A), A with moxibustion (AK), electrical needle stimulation (ESA) using LEP 4000 OhmPulser Ra direct current 6 V 5-100 Hz, and ESA+A; exercise therapy was also given 1 or 2 times weekly. There were, however, some variations depending on the patient's conditions. Visual analog scale (VAS) measurement was carried out in addition to the estimation of effectiveness. The group receiving ESA+A seemed to improve better than those receiving other forms of treatment. The results indicated that young patients less than 40 years old tend to improve with fewer treatment times of shorter duration. With respect to the relationship between the effect and the time of starting treatment, we noticed that the earlier the treatment is started, the better the improvement. In summary, the study indicated that acupuncture is useful in treating sensory paralysis.
[Observation of the ultrastructure of the tongue coating].
Watanabe H
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2006 Mar · PMID 16629468 · Publisher ↗
An observational study was conducted to clarify the morphological features of the fine structure of the tongue coating, which is one of the main causes of halitosis. Tongue specimens from cadavers, whom dental students h...
An observational study was conducted to clarify the morphological features of the fine structure of the tongue coating, which is one of the main causes of halitosis. Tongue specimens from cadavers, whom dental students had practiced on for anatomy class, were used as materials to observe the surface structure. Tongue coatings were obtained from patients who were referred to the Fresh Breath Clinic, Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University. After macroscopic observation of the tongue surface, tongue coating and examination of halitosis, the tongue coating was scraped carefully, following which it was observed using a light microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results obtained were as follows. The tongue coating consisted mainly of bacteria and desquamated keratinized epithelium which originated chiefly from the filiform papilla. The desquamated keratinized epithelium was also composed of degenerated epithelium of every level, from a comparatively normal epithelium to a fragmented altered epithelium. In addition, the level of degeneration of the keratinized epithelium differed according to the state of distribution and the revitalization of bacteria located in its surroundings. The intensity of halitosis increased with the amount of tongue coating. Increased amounts of tongue coating, however, did not necessarily correlate with increased halitosis in the patients. It was suggested that the severity of halitosis was probably associated with the level of bacterial invasion-related degeneration of the desquamated keratinized epithelium (tongue coating's quality).
[Effect of p-nitrophenyl-xyloside on the biosynthesis of proteoglycan in rat ovarian granulosa cells--analyses of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in the Golgi apparatus].
Yanagishita M, Tsuchida S, Yokoyama M … +1 more , Inoue KA
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2006 Mar · PMID 16629467 · Publisher ↗
Biosynthesis of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in the presence of p-nitrophenyl-xyloside was studied using a primary rat ovarian granulosa cell culture system. Addition of p-nitrophenyl-xyloside into cell culture m...
Biosynthesis of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in the presence of p-nitrophenyl-xyloside was studied using a primary rat ovarian granulosa cell culture system. Addition of p-nitrophenyl-xyloside into cell culture medium caused about a 700% increase of [³⁵S]sulfate incorporation (ED50 at 0.03 mM) into macromolecules, which included free chondroitin sulfate chains initiated on xyloside and native proteoglycans. Free chondroitin sulfate chains initiated on xyloside were almost exclusively secreted into the medium. The molecular size of chondroitin sulfate chains decreased from 40,000 to 21,000 as the total [³⁵S]sulfate incorporation was enhanced, suggesting that enhanced synthesis of chondroitin sulfate perturbed the normal mechanism of glycosaminoglycan chain termination. Biosynthesis of heparan sulfate proteoglycans was reduced by approximately 50%, likely due to competition at the level of UDP-sugar precursors. [³⁵S]Sulfate incorporation was shut down by the addition of cycloheximide with an initial half time of approximately 2 hr in the presence of xyloside, while that in the absence of xyloside was about 20 min. The difference likely reflects the turnover rate of glycosaminoglycan synthesizing capacity as a whole. The turnover rate of glycosaminoglycan synthesizing capacity observed in ovarian granulosa cells was much shorter than that observed in chondrocytes, reflecting the relative dominance of proteoglycan biosynthetic activity in the total metabolic activity of the cells.
[Assessment of gene associated with Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation].
Motegi M
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2006 Mar · PMID 16629466 · Publisher ↗
Streptococcus mutans, the primary etiological agent of human dental caries and an obligate biofilm-forming bacterium, has developed a variety of mechanisms to colonize the tooth surface. Oral transmission of S. mutans th...
Streptococcus mutans, the primary etiological agent of human dental caries and an obligate biofilm-forming bacterium, has developed a variety of mechanisms to colonize the tooth surface. Oral transmission of S. mutans through contact between mother and child is thought to be one of the risks of developing dental caries. In this study, I surveyed oral transmission frequency of S. mutans from mother to a 3-year-old child. In 19 (10.9%) of 174 mother-child pairs, S. mutans was isolated from both mother and chihld. The identities of genomic DNA from S. mutans in 5 (45.5%) of the 11 mother-child pairs were presented. Among those, the biofilms formed by S. mutans 3 c and 4 c, respectively, which had high and low ability of biofilm formation, were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Microscopic analysis revealed that the volume of biofilm formation in 3 c was higher than that in 4 c biofilm in the bottom. Furthermore, DNA microarrays were used to study the gene expression profiles of 3 c and 4 c biofilms. In this paper we describe that about 3.8% of genes showed differential expression; about 2.2% of genes were activated and about 1.6% were repressed in 3 c biofilm compared with 4 c biofilm. The present study suggests that biofilm gene expression is strongly associated with differential biofilm formation. Our identification of biofilm-involved genes points to mechanisms of the virulence of S. mutans and provides a first foothold for studying the natural history of S. mutans infections in mother and child.
[Psychosomatic therapy in dental practice].
Ono S
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2006 Mar · PMID 16629465 · Publisher ↗
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[Investigation for bone fixation effect of thin HA coated layer on Ti implants].
Fujisawa A
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2005 Dec · PMID 16445005 · Publisher ↗
In 1995, the author reported the development of unique cementless total hip joints applying hydroxyapatite (HA) flame coating onto a porous titanium surface which is arc-sprayed with pure titanium material in argon gas a...
In 1995, the author reported the development of unique cementless total hip joints applying hydroxyapatite (HA) flame coating onto a porous titanium surface which is arc-sprayed with pure titanium material in argon gas at atmospheric pressure. The surface roughness of the porous layer was 360 microm Rmax, and the layer was more resistant to blast erosion than the conventional low pressure plasma sprayed porous layers. The thickness of the HA layer was between 20 and 40 microns considering the balance of bone conduction effect of HA and the risk of mechanical detachment of the layers from the porous titanium. Short-term animal tests showed excellent results. At that time a specific question was raised as to whether or not the coated HA layers would remain in the living bone for a long time. The results obtained from observation of retrieved specimens show that the thickness of the HA coating layer is sufficient for new bone formation after implantation, and HA would be absorbed in the body within a few years, after contributing to the new bone formation.
[Influence of tendencies toward depression, neurosis and psychosomatic disorders on oral symptoms].
Sasaki E
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2005 Dec · PMID 16445004 · Publisher ↗
This study revealed that the tendencies towards depression, neurosis, and psychosomatic disorders have effects on oral symptoms. The total number of subjects was 102. The subjects were divided into two groups using the S...
This study revealed that the tendencies towards depression, neurosis, and psychosomatic disorders have effects on oral symptoms. The total number of subjects was 102. The subjects were divided into two groups using the SDS (Self-rating Depression Scale): a control group of 66 subjects with an SDS value of less than 40, and a group of 36 subjects having depression tendencies with an SDS value of over 50. Most of the subjects in the depression tendency group showed symptoms of neurosis and psychosomatic disorders as well. The two groups were compared on the basis of their psychological characteristics, dosages of medicine taken, esthesis of mouth dryness, glossalgia, salivary flow rate, oral wettability, existence of dental cavities, and condition of the oral mucosa. No xerostomia at the mucobuccal fold was observed in the depression tendency group. However, there was an evident decrease of the resting salivary flow rate and the wettability of proglossis. It is considered that such a decrease resulted in an increase in the symptoms derived from xerostomia or esthesis of mouth dryness. The number of conservable but untreated dental cavities in the depression tendency group was larger than that in the control group with a significant difference, suggesting that both oral self-care and dental care management tended to be inadequate in the depression tendency group.
[Effect of psychological pressure on muscle elasticity and the function of the autonomic nervous system].
Naka N
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2005 Sep · PMID 16229367 · Publisher ↗
The purpose of this study was to clarify the following: (1) effect on the elasticity of the musculus trapezius caused by psychological load, and (2) relationship between psychological load, muscle elasticity, and the aut...
The purpose of this study was to clarify the following: (1) effect on the elasticity of the musculus trapezius caused by psychological load, and (2) relationship between psychological load, muscle elasticity, and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) by frequency analysis of heart rate variability. The experiment was conducted on a group of 30 healthy volunteers, consisting of 16 males and 14 females with an average age of 31.2 years old. We investigated and compared the changes in muscle elasticity and ANS in the case of control (resting), phonating and mental calculation as psychological load. Psychological status and stress response were measured by using State-Trate Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Stress Checklist (SCL), and Stress Tolerance Checklist (STCL). As a result, the subjects experienced effective acute emotional stress during mental calculation, and muscle elasticity increased significantly. Heart rate (HR), low frequency (LF) component, and LF/HF increased significantly during mental calculations. The high frequency (HF) component tended to decrease during mental calculations. The rate of elevation of muscle elasticity and HR (difference between at rest and when calculating) was significantly related to STAI and STCL. STCL was significantly related to state of anxiety. The results of this study suggest that anxiety and stress tolerance affect muscle elasticity.
[Dental students' smoking behavior and their attitude towards smoking].
Furukawa S, Tokunaga R, Abe S … +2 more , Shinada K, Kawaguchi Y
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2005 Sep · PMID 16229366 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated dental students' smoking behavior and their attitudes, in order to provide programs to patients for giving up smoking. A questionnaire survey was conducted on dental students from November 2003 to...
This study investigated dental students' smoking behavior and their attitudes, in order to provide programs to patients for giving up smoking. A questionnaire survey was conducted on dental students from November 2003 to February 2004. The subjects were 69 third-grade and 80 fifth-grade students of Tokyo Medical and Dental University. The following results were obtained. (1) The smoking rate of dental students was 19.4% (Male: 31.3%, Female: 5.8%). (2) About forty-three percent of the students had started smoking before entering the university. However, most of the students who smoked had started after entering the university. The smoking rate and number of cigarettes smoked of fifth-grade students were significantly higher than those of third-grade students. (3) Dental students recognized the health risks of smoking more than the general public, especially concerning periodontal disease. (4) Only 5.4% of students answered that they would actively provide advice and instructions about the health hazards of tobacco to patients who smoked. (5) The rate of students who answered that they had enough knowledge to conduct smoking cessation programs for patients was 21.5%. (6) Students who smoked showed positive attitudes towards dentists' smoking behaviors and had passive attitudes towards smoking cessation programs conducted by dentists. These results show it is necessary to conduct smoking cessation programs soon after entering university and to provide more lectures on tobacco and health issues as well as practical training programs about giving up smoking in the dental education curriculum.
[Lidocaine transportation through a cellophane membrane by wide range AC frequencies].
Izumikawa H
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2005 Jun · PMID 16107061 · Publisher ↗
This study examined whether lidocaine molecules can be transported through an artificial membrane by the application of AC. A cellophane membrane was placed between donor and receptor compartments. The donor compartment...
This study examined whether lidocaine molecules can be transported through an artificial membrane by the application of AC. A cellophane membrane was placed between donor and receptor compartments. The donor compartment was filled with lidocaine hydrochloride (40 and 60 mmol/l) and the receptor compartment with pure water. A sine wave at 5 voltage levels and 5 frequencies was applied between the parallel plate electrodes. The impedance of the solution in the receptor compartment was measured to determine the concentration of the lidocaine. The transportation efficiency in the condition of high concentration was markedly enhanced with the application of 15 and 20 V at every frequency. Although no frequency dependence was observed in the 500 Hz to 100 kHz range, the transportation efficiency was markedly enhanced at 1 MHz. It is considered that lidocaine ions are transported by vibration or rotation energy induced by AC. The formation of electrode polarization is decreased in the high-frequency range resulting in attenuation of the voltage drop in the solution and increase of the transportation efficiency with the passage of AC.
[Changes of general and oral health status of elderly patients receiving home-visit dental services].
Nishiyama Y
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi · 2005 Jun · PMID 16107060 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated the changes of general and oral health status of elderly patients who received home-visit dental services. The subjects were 51 patients (male: 19, female: 32, age: 83.0+/-9.1). The results of ini...
This study investigated the changes of general and oral health status of elderly patients who received home-visit dental services. The subjects were 51 patients (male: 19, female: 32, age: 83.0+/-9.1). The results of initial and re-examination (5.4 months later) by questionnaire survey, oral status and oral microbes were compared. The following results were obtained. 1. More than half of the subjects were bedridden and about 70% were affected by dementia. Three-quarters needed special care for daily activities. 2. The general health condition of the subjects became worse after 5.4 months. Moreover, 11 subjects died within 6 months after re-examination. However, oral health status, such as status of oral hygiene (p < 0.01), inflammation of gingiva (p < 0.01), tongue coating (p < 0.05) and oral malodor (p < 0.01) improved significantly. 3. There was a significant difference in the rate of people with dysphagic problems between the living and dead groups (p < 0.05). 4. The initial general and oral health status of the people with dysphagic problems was significantly worse than that of those without it. After receiving home-visit dental services, general condition became worse. However oral status, such as status of oral hygiene, inflammation of gingiva, oral malodor, and lactobacillus count significantly improved in both groups. These results suggest that dysphagic problems of elderly patients may affect their general health condition and might increase the risk of death. It is recommended to judge dysphagic problems accurately when performing certification of need for long-term care and to provide professional oral care periodically for the dependent elderly needing care.
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