International Journal Of Biomedical Science[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Sloughing esophagitis: a not so common entity.
Akhondi H
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Dec · PMID 25598761
BACKGROUND: Sloughing esophagitis, also known as esophagitis dissecans superficialis, is a very rare and underdiagnosed entity with unknown incidence rate. It can be associated with bullous dermatoses and medications suc...
BACKGROUND: Sloughing esophagitis, also known as esophagitis dissecans superficialis, is a very rare and underdiagnosed entity with unknown incidence rate. It can be associated with bullous dermatoses and medications such as central nervous system depressants and those causing esophageal injury. CASE REPORT: A 55-years-old woman was recovering from renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis when she developed dysphagia and odynophagia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy was performed for suspected bullous pemphigus and confirmed sloughing esophagitis. She improved with intravenous steroids. CONCLUSIONS: Sloughing Esophagitis should enter our differential diagnosis more frequently. It is mostly a benign, self-limiting process but when associated with bullous dermatoses will require steroid treatment.
HPLC-DAD Analysis and In-Vitro Property of Polyphenols Extracts from (Solanum Aethiopium) Fruits on α -Amylase, α -Glucosidase and Angiotensin - 1- Converting Enzyme Activities.
Nwanna EE, Ibukun EO, Oboh G … +3 more , Ademosun AO, Boligon AA, Athayde M
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Dec · PMID 25598760
AIM: Garden egg (Solanum aethiopium) is an edible fruits vegetable with different species.This study investigated characterisation and the effect of the phenolics extracts from S. aethiopium species with enzymes linked...
AIM: Garden egg (Solanum aethiopium) is an edible fruits vegetable with different species.This study investigated characterisation and the effect of the phenolics extracts from S. aethiopium species with enzymes linked with type -2-diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and hypertension [Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE)]. METHODS: Fresh samples of the 5 species of the garden egg namely, [Solanum gilo (PW), Solanum torvum (TWS), Solanum kumba (PGR), Solanum incanum (GSB), and Solanum indicum (WSB)] were oven-dried at 50°C and milled into flour. The aqueous extracts were prepared (1:50 w/v). The phenolic contents (total phenol and total flavonoid), vitamin C and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated. The ability of the extracts to inhibit diabetes enzymes in rat pancreas as well as the inhibition of angiotensin-1-converting (ACE) enzyme in lungs homogenates in vitro were investigated. Furthermore, the fruits polyphenols were identified and quantified using HPLC-DAD. RESULTS: The phenolic contents ranged from 2.70-3.76 mgGAE/g, while there were no significant (P>0.05) differences in their flavonoid content and ability to reduce Fe(3+) to Fe(2+). The vitamin C contents of the species ranged from 4.01-6.52 mg/ml. The extracts scavenged DPPH in a dose dependent manner with the IC50 values ranging from 3.23-4.20 mg/ml. Furthermore, the extracts showed strong inhibition of α-glucosidase, mild inhibition of α-amylase and strong inhibition of ACE activities. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the inhibition of the key enzymes relevant to type-2 diabetes and hypertension could be part of the mechanisms by which garden egg manage/prevent the degenerative conditions.
Low seroprevalence of Toxocara infection in schizophrenic inpatients in durango, Mexico: a case control study.
Alvarado-Esquivel C, Hernández-Tinoco J, Sánchez-Anguiano LF … +1 more , Cisneros-Martínez JA
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Dec · PMID 25598759
Psychiatric patients have a higher seroprevalence of toxocariasis than general population. However, there is poor knowledge about any specific psychiatric diagnosis associated with toxocariasis. The aim of the study was...
Psychiatric patients have a higher seroprevalence of toxocariasis than general population. However, there is poor knowledge about any specific psychiatric diagnosis associated with toxocariasis. The aim of the study was to determine whether seropositivity to Toxocara was associated with schizophrenia. Through an age and gender-matched case-control seroprevalence study in Durango City, Mexico, 50 schizophrenic inpatients in a public psychiatric hospital and 100 control subjects of the general population were compared for the presence of anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies. One of the 50 (2%) schizophrenic inpatients, and 3 (3%) of the 100 controls were positive for anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies. No statistically significant difference in Toxocara seroprevalence among cases and controls was found (P=0.59). The Toxocara positive schizophrenic patient suffered from paranoid schizophrenia (F20.0) and had a number of putative risk factors for Toxocara exposure including contact with cats, dogs and other animals, worked in agriculture, and consumed undercooked meat, unwashed fruits and vegetables, and untreated water. Results suggest that seroprevalence of Toxocara infection was low and not associated with schizophrenia in psychiatric inpatients in Durango, Mexico. However, further studies to elucidate the association of toxocariasis with schizophrenia are needed.
Role of Brushing and Occlusal Forces in Non-Carious Cervical Lesions (NCCL).
Sadaf D, Ahmad Z
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Dec · PMID 25598758
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of occlusal forces and brushing with non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL). METHODOLOGY: It was a Cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in Dental clinics, Department of Surgery...
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of occlusal forces and brushing with non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL). METHODOLOGY: It was a Cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in Dental clinics, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi. The study duration was from 1(st) January 2009 to 28(th) Feb 2009. Ninety patients visiting dental clinic were examined clinically. Presence of Non- carious cervical lesions, broken restorations, fractured cusps, presence of occlusal facets, brushing habits, Para functional habits were assessed. All the relevant information and clinical examination were collected on a structured Performa and was analyzed using SPSS version 14.0. . Chi square χ(2) test was applied to assess association among different categorical variables. RESULT: Twenty three (26%) females and 67 (74%) males were included in the study. Thirty five of them (38.9%) were found to have Non-carious cervical lesions. Presence of NCCL has no association with gender (P value 0.458). A significant association was found between NCCL and teeth sensitivity (P value 0.002).The association between use of hard tooth brush and Non-carious cervical lesions was found significant (P value <0.001). However the association among Non-carious cervical lesions and fractured cups, broken restoration, teeth grinding, jaw clenching, pan chalia chewing and frequency of teeth brushing were insignificant. CONCLUSION: Hard tooth brushing and teeth sensitivity have significant association with Non-carious cervical lesions. The role of occlusal wear in the formation of NCCL is not significant.
Bu-shen-he-mai-fang (HMF) Decoction Inhibits Atherosclerosis by Improving Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities in ApoE-deficient Mice.
Hao Q, Chen X, Zhou X … +8 more , Wang X, Cao X, Chen X, Jiang Y, Lu F, You K, Yang C, Dong B
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Dec · PMID 25598757
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Bu-shen- he- mai- fang (HMF) on experimental atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice. MATERIALS AN METHODS: Thirty male ApoE-deficient mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (10 mice...
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Bu-shen- he- mai- fang (HMF) on experimental atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice. MATERIALS AN METHODS: Thirty male ApoE-deficient mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (10 mice per group) as follows: one group received the standard high- cholesterol diet (high- cholesterol group, HC); Another group received high- cholesterol diet supplemented with HMF decoction 1.37 g/kg/day; the third group received a high- cholesterol diet, supplemented with atrovastatin 5 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. The extent of atherosclerosis, the expression of LOX-1 protein and macrophage infiltration were evaluated by H&E, oil red O staining, and immunohistochemical staining. SOD was also measured by a spectrophotometer. RESULTS: The degree of atherosclerosis was significantly lower in HMF group and atrovastatin group than that in high-cholesterol group. The expression of LOX-1 protein and macrophage filtration were significantly lower in HMF group and atrovastatin group than that in high-cholesterol group. Also, the SOD was higher in HMF group and atrovastatin group than that in high-cholesterol group. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that HMF significantly inhibited early atherosclerotic lesions by inhibiting inflammatory response and decreasing the generation of ROS.
Relationship between Glycosylated Hemoglobin, Serum Nitric Oxide and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure.
Manju M, Mishra S, Toora BD … +2 more , Vijayakumar, Vinod R
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Dec · PMID 25598756
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is about twice as frequent in individuals with diabetes as in those without diabetes. Formation of glycosylated conjugates like HbA1c is implicated to have many effects on the vascular endotheliu...
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is about twice as frequent in individuals with diabetes as in those without diabetes. Formation of glycosylated conjugates like HbA1c is implicated to have many effects on the vascular endothelium which leads to the development of hypertension in diabetes. Nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilatation has been shown to be an important factor in the maintenance and regulation of peripheral vascular tone. Studies correlating these parameters give conflicting results. Hence the present study was designed to correlate HbA1c, Serum NO & mean arterial blood pressure. AIMS: To study the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin, serum nitric oxide & mean arterial blood pressure. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: It is a case control study with 28 type 2 diabetic hypertensives, 32 type 2 diabetic normotensives and 51 controls (non diabetic normotensives). MATERIALS & METHODS: The study subjects included 28 type 2 diabetic hypertensives, 32 type 2 diabetic normotensives and 51 controls (non diabetic normotensives) [ADA 2010 and JNC7]. FBS, PPBS, PCV, Hb, HbA1c & serum NO estimation and BP recording was done in all the study subjects. Normalised mean arterial blood pressure (MAPn) and calculated glycosylated hemoglobin (cHbA1c) were calculated from mean arterial BP (MAP) and HbA1c respectively. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: was done using R commander software. The difference in the distribution of cHbA1c, MAPn & NO levels between all 3 groups was measured using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. Correlation between the parameters was measured by Correlation coefficient and logistic regression (Spearman linear regression) analysis (univariate and multivariate). RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the distribution of cHbA1c, MAPn & NO levels (p<0.001) between all 3 groups, whether measured by ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test. On univariate analysis, there was a positive correlation between cHbA1c & MAPn (ρ= +0.26), a negative correlation between NO & MAPn (ρ = -0.54) and cHbA1c & NO (ρ= -0.66) .On multivariate analysis, not only NO, but contrary to univariate analysis, cHbA1c also showed a negative association with MAPn. CONCLUSION: As the severity of diabetes increases, there is increase in BP, which is mainly due to the marked decrease in NO level which masks the negative correlation between HbA1c on MAPn.
Comparison between Single Dose Azithromycin and Six Doses, 3 Day Norfloxacin for Treatment of Cholera in Adult.
Bhattacharya MK, Kanungo S, Ramamurthy T … +4 more , Rajendran K, Sinha A, Bhattacharya A, Sarkar BS
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Dec · PMID 25598755
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of single dose Azithromycin (1 gram) in treatment of cholera in adults. A randomized, controlled clinical trial on 120 adults with acute watery diarrhoea and moderate to severe dehydration c...
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of single dose Azithromycin (1 gram) in treatment of cholera in adults. A randomized, controlled clinical trial on 120 adults with acute watery diarrhoea and moderate to severe dehydration compared the efficacy of azithromycin (1 gram) single dose and Norfloxacin (400 mg) twice daily for three days in treating cholera. Data were analysed for 64 patients who were stool culture positive for Vibrio cholerae. In conjunction with rehydration therapy, 32 patients received Azithromycin and 32 patients received Norfloxacin. Patients in the two treatment groups had comparable clinical characteristics on admission. CONCLUSIONS: Result shows Azithromycin and Norfloxacin has got almost similar efficacy in reducing stool output, duration of diarrhoea and fluid requirement in cholera positive cases.
Factors associated with postoperative pain in endodontic therapy.
Sadaf D, Ahmad MZ
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Dec · PMID 25598754
OBJECTIVE: To assess postoperative pain in endodontic therapy and its association with clinical factors such as gender, age, tooth type, pulpal diagnosis, and preoperative pain, length of obturation and sealer extrusion....
OBJECTIVE: To assess postoperative pain in endodontic therapy and its association with clinical factors such as gender, age, tooth type, pulpal diagnosis, and preoperative pain, length of obturation and sealer extrusion. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-Sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Dental section of the Aga khan university hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from January to December 2009. METHODOLOGY: One hundred and forty patients (140) requiring endodontic therapy for molar and premolar teeth were included in this study. Local Anesthesia (2% Lidocain with 1:80,000 Epinephrine) was administered. The tooth was isolated with rubber dam. Access cavity was prepared with the help of round carbide No. 2 bur. Canal preparation was completed using crown-down technique. Access was sealed with sterile dry cotton pallet and restored temporarily with double layer of Glass ionomer cement and Cavit. After one week patients were recalled and access was re-opened, obturation was done using cold lateral condensation technique. Ca(OH)(2) based sealer was used. Postoperative radiographs were taken. Patients were recalled after 24 hours and postobturation pain was recorded using Visual analogue scale (VAS).Data was obtained on a structured Performa. χ(2) test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Pain was present in 42.9% of patients. Females more frequently experienced pain (65%) than males (35%). Preoperative pain was found to be significantly associated with postoperative pain (p value < 0.001). Obturation length was not found to be significantly associated with postoperative pain (p value 1.0). Sealer extrusion was not found to be significantly associated with postoperative (P value 0.547).
Serum glucose and malondialdehyde levels in alloxan induced diabetic rats supplemented with methanolic extract of tacazzea apiculata.
Gwarzo MY, Ahmadu JH, Ahmad MB … +1 more , Dikko AU
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Dec · PMID 25598753
Tacazzea apiculata is used by traditional medical practitioners for the treatment of wide range of diseases. The current work investigated the hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties of Tacazzea apiculata Oliv. on alloxa...
Tacazzea apiculata is used by traditional medical practitioners for the treatment of wide range of diseases. The current work investigated the hypoglycemic and antioxidant properties of Tacazzea apiculata Oliv. on alloxan induced diabetes mellitus. Five groups (n=10) of rats were fed on commercial diet. The rats were divided into Group 1 (NUT) as non-diabetic and untreated, group 2 (NDT) as non-diabetic and treated, group 3 (DT) diabetic and treated. Group 4 (DUT) as diabetic and untreated. Group five (CP) were diabetic treated with Chlorpropamide, a drug used in the management of diabetic mellitus, with no known antioxidant property. Diabetic induction was done by intra-peritoneal injection of 100 mg/kg b. wt with alloxan. Fasting blood glucose was estimated seven days after induction to determine the severity of glucose elevation among the induced groups. Methanolic extract of T. apiculata leaf was administered to alloxan induced diabetic and non-diabetic control rats at 100mg/kg body weight for four weeks and blood glucose estimated on weekly basis. Malondialdehyde level was also estimated in the sera of the rats. Blood glucose level was monitored for additional 2 weeks post treatment. The results indicated that the extracts possess significant hypoglycemic effect on the diabetic rats (DT) having the mean glucose of (95.2 ± 9.12 mg/dl) compared to the diabetic untreated control group (DUT) with a mean glucose of (238.91 ± 4.42 mg/dl, p<0.05). The effect was sustained even on withdrawal of the extracts for two weeks. This was accompanied by a progressive increase in weight among all treated diabetic rats and non diabetic treated (DT and NDT) compared with diabetic untreated control rat (DUT) (p<0.05). A raised level in malondialdehyde was also observed among the diabetic rat prior to treatment and significantly decreased after the treatment. In conclusion the research demonstrated the hypoglycaemic and antioxidant potential of methanolic leaf extract of T. apiculata in alloxan induced rats.
Reduction of Serum ADAM17 Level Accompanied with Decreased Cytokines after Abatacept Therapy in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Umemura M, Isozaki T, Ishii S … +7 more , Seki S, Oguro N, Miura Y, Miwa Y, Nakamura M, Inagaki K, Kasama T
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Dec · PMID 25598752
A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) appears to be recognized as an important player in tissue destruction and also exacerbation of inflammation related with increased activities of angiogenesis in several patho...
A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) appears to be recognized as an important player in tissue destruction and also exacerbation of inflammation related with increased activities of angiogenesis in several pathological conditions. To examine the modulation of serum levels of ADAM17 and inflammatory cytokines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in response to therapy of abatacept (ABT). Twenty four patients with RA were enrolled in our study. Serum was collected immediately prior to (baseline) and 24 weeks after starting ABT therapy. Serum levels of ADAM17 and cytokines/chemokine were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ADAM17 level was markedly higher in RA patients than in healthy individuals. Positive correlation was observed between the baseline ADAM17 and CX3CL1 at baseline. There was a significant overall reduction of RA disease activity (Disease Activity Score 28) from 4.73 to 2.79 after 24 weeks after the ABT therapy. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in serum level of ADAM17 in RA patients, and the patients achieved clinical responses, and also clinical remission had a significant decrease in ADAM17 level and also levels of tumor necrosis factor α, IL-6 and CX3CL1 after 24 weeks of ABT therapy. Our results suggest that the suppression of ADAM17 secretion and function seems to be a crucial therapeutic target in the treatment of ABT in patients with RA.
Varying degrees of ventricular unloading in the heterotopic rat heart transplant model demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging.
Carr CA, Ball D, Tyler DJ … +4 more , Bushell A, Sykes A, Clarke K, Evans RD
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Dec · PMID 25598751
OBJECTIVE: Left ventricular assist device placement is an increasingly common treatment for cardiac failure, resulting in cardiac unloading and potentially reversing the remodelling changes seen in heart failure. A popul...
OBJECTIVE: Left ventricular assist device placement is an increasingly common treatment for cardiac failure, resulting in cardiac unloading and potentially reversing the remodelling changes seen in heart failure. A popular animal model for human ventricular unloading is the rodent heterotopic non-working heart transplant; the volume loading status of this preparation is important to interpreting the resulting reverse remodelling yet has not been previously investigated. This study was designed to assess the variability of left ventricular volume loading in the rodent transplant model. METHODS: Heterotopic abdominal heart transplant was performed on syngeneic rats; high resolution cine magnetic resonance imaging was subsequently performed on the heterotopic transplanted hearts in anesthetised rats, after variable post-transplant recovery times, in order to assess ventricular loading status. RESULTS: Highly variable left ventricular volume loading status was demonstrated, with some hearts exhibiting considerable ventricular filling and ejection. CONCLUSIONS: These observations call into question the assumption that studies using this model are consistently examining fully unloaded ventricles, and indicate the desirability of in vivo imaging of such hearts to quantify the degree of ventricular loading.
Acute amiodarone pulmonary toxicity following lung resection.
Fadahunsi O, Krol R
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Sep · PMID 25324704
Amiodarone is one of the most frequently prescribed antiarrhythmic agents. Despite its widespread use, it is associated with systemic side effects. Pulmonary toxicity, the most severe adverse effect of amiodarone, has us...
Amiodarone is one of the most frequently prescribed antiarrhythmic agents. Despite its widespread use, it is associated with systemic side effects. Pulmonary toxicity, the most severe adverse effect of amiodarone, has usually been described in the context of chronic amiodarone use. We report a case of an 80-year-old male presenting acutely following right upper lung lobe resection for stage 1b adenocarcinoma. He developed atrial fibrillation on postoperative day four and received 12.5 g of amiodarone within a 12 day period. On presentation, he had new bilateral lung opacities and a 35% absolute decline in the predicted diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide. Pulmonary embolism was ruled out on chest computed tomography. Amiodarone was discontinued and prednisone was initiated. Despite initial improvement, he suffered from multiple hypoxemic episodes until his death in the fourth month. In a subset of patients undergoing thoracic surgery who are intubated and require high levels of oxygen, the risk of amiodarone lung toxicity increases and patients may present acutely.
Inhibition of key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and sodium nitroprusside induced lipid peroxidation in rats' pancreas by phenolic extracts of avocado pear leaves and fruit.
Oboh G, Isaac AT, Akinyemi AJ … +1 more , Ajani RA
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Sep · PMID 25324703
Persea americana fruit and leaves had been known in folk medicine for their anti-diabetic prowess. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the inhibitory effect of phenolic extract from avocado pear (Persea americana...
Persea americana fruit and leaves had been known in folk medicine for their anti-diabetic prowess. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the inhibitory effect of phenolic extract from avocado pear (Persea americana) leaves and fruits on some key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase); and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced lipid peroxidation in rats' pancreas in vitro. The phenolic extracts of Persea americana fruit and leaves were extracted using methanol and 1M HCl (1:1 v/v). Thereafter, their inhibitory effects on sodium nitroprusside induced lipid peroxidation and key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) were determined in vitro. The result revealed that the leaves had fruit of avocado pear inhibit both α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities in a dose dependent manner. However, the Peel had the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity while the leaf had the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity as revealed by their IC50 value. Furthermore, incubation of the rat pancreas in the presence of 5 mM SNP caused an increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the tissue, however, introduction of the phenolic extracts inhibited MDA produced in a dose dependent manner. The additive and/or synergistic action of major phenolic compounds such as syringic acid, eugenol, vnillic acid, isoeugenol, guaiacol, kaemferol, catechin, ρ-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, apigenin, naringenin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin, lupeol and epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate in avocado pear using gas chromatography (GC) could have contributed to the observed medicinal properties of the plant. Therefore, inhibition of some key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and prevention of oxidative stress in the pancreas could be some of the possible mechanism by which they exert their anti-diabetic properties.
Determination of frequency of the second mesiobuccal canal in the permanent maxillary first molar teeth with magnification loupes (× 3.5).
Hasan M, Raza Khan F
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Sep · PMID 25324702
INTRODUCTION: The mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar has generated more research and clinical investigation than any root. An inability to detect and treat a second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal is a reason for endo...
INTRODUCTION: The mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar has generated more research and clinical investigation than any root. An inability to detect and treat a second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal is a reason for endodontic failure in maxillary first molars. Modifications in the endodontic access and detection techniques, along with advancements in illumination and magnification technology, have aided in the location and treatment with the second mesiobuccal canal of maxillary first molars. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of the second mesiobuccal canal in the permanent maxillary first molars with magnification loupes (× 3.5). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 53 teeth were assessed using a moderate magnification for second mesiobuccal canal in mesiobuccal root of first permanent maxillary molars in vivo. Detection of this canal in maxillary first molars was done through a clinical access cavity preparation under magnification loupes (× 3.5). Data was analyzed using SPSS 15.0. Frequency distribution of variables was determined and the level of significance was kept at 0.05. RESULTS: We were able to detect second mesiobuccal canal in 27 out of 53 (50.9%) of the permanent maxillary first molars that were studied. It was found that the males tend to have a higher proportion of second mesiobuccal canals (up to 31%) as compared to the females in whom the second mesiobuccal canals could be identified only 19% of the time. Whilst, there was no association found between age, gender and chamber obliteration with the presence of second mesiobuccal canal. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, within its limitations, this study suggested that the use of magnification loupes enhanced both the detection (50.9%) and negotiation (86.8%) of the second mesiobuccal canals in the permanent maxillary first molars beyond what could be achieved with naked eye.
The Quality of Life (QOL) after Total Knee Arthroplasties among Saudi Arabians: A Pilot Study.
Al-Omran AS
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Sep · PMID 25324701
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is commonly performed in Saudi Arabia but there is very limited published data on outcome and quality of life (QOL) post Knee arthroplasty. To assess the QOL post T...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is commonly performed in Saudi Arabia but there is very limited published data on outcome and quality of life (QOL) post Knee arthroplasty. To assess the QOL post TKA we performed this retrospective study. METHODS: Total Knee arthroplasty was started in mid- 2000's at the university hospital. Fifty-two patients of TKA who came for follow up during the study period were asked to fill a pre-determined questionnaire and clinical examination, were included in the study. Patients were assessed and at 2 parameters pre and postoperative time-points, for pain [1-9], walking [1-9] and asked whether they would recommend the procedure to their relatives and friends, and finally whether they were satisfied with the outcome. RESULTS: We interviewed 52 patients (9 males and 43 females), mean age of 64.75 ± 7.90 years. Twenty (34.50%) had bilateral TKR, and the rest single sided. The preoperative night pain was 7.72 ± 2.03 compared to postoperative 1.92 ± 1.41 (P<0.001 (5.80 and < 6.47) and pain at walking was 8.39 ± 0.77 versus 2.39 ± 2.05 (P<0.001(5.40 and < 6.55). The overall satisfaction 93% (8.37 ± 1.32) and QOL as assessed preoperatively was 3.60 ± 2.15 and postoperatively was 8.41 ± 1.27 (P<0.001 (4.81and 4.13). Fifty-one (98.07%) patients indicated that they will recommend the procedure to others. CONCLUSIONS: The overall satisfaction and improvement of QOL in male patients was 93.77% and female patients 92.77% and all patients indicated that they will recommend others to undergo the similar procedure to improve their QOL.
Clinical outcomes of single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the anglophone Caribbean: a multi centre audit of regional hospitals.
Cawich SO, Albert M, Singh Y … +7 more , Dan D, Mohanty S, Walrond M, Francis W, Simpson LK, Bonadie KO, Dapri G
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Sep · PMID 25324700
INTRODUCTION: There has been no report on Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (SILS) cholecystectomy outcomes since it was first performed in the Anglophone Caribbean in 2009. METHODS: A retrospective audit evaluated th...
INTRODUCTION: There has been no report on Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (SILS) cholecystectomy outcomes since it was first performed in the Anglophone Caribbean in 2009. METHODS: A retrospective audit evaluated the clinical outcomes of SILS cholecystectomies at regional hospitals in the 17 Anglophone Caribbean countries. Any cholecystectomy using a laparoscopic approach in which all instruments were passed through one access incision was considered a SILS cholecystectomy. The following data were collected: patient demographics, indications for operation, intraoperative details, surgeon details, surgical techniques, specialized equipment, conversions, morbidity and mortality. Descriptive statistics were generated using SPSS 12.0. RESULTS: There were 85 SILS cholecystectomies in women at a mean age of 37.4 ± 8.5 years with a mean BMI of 30.9 ± 2.8. There were 59 elective and 26 emergent cases. Specialized access platforms were used in the first 35 cases and reusable instruments were passed directly across fascia in the latter 50 cases. The mean operative time was 62.9 ± 17.9 minutes. There was no mortality, 2 conversions to multi-trocar laparoscopy and 5 minor complications. Ambulatory procedures were performed in 43/71 (60.6%) patients scheduled for elective operations. CONCLUSION: In the Caribbean setting, SILS cholecystectomy is a feasible and safe alternative to conventional multi-trocar laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder disease.
Potential Beneficial Effects of Si-Wu-Tang on White Blood Cell Numbers and the Gastrointestinal Tract of γ-Ray Irradiated Mice.
Ni J, Romero-Weaver AL, Kennedy AR
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Sep · PMID 25324699
Si-Wu-Tang (SWT) is a decoction consisting of a mixture of ingredients of Rehmanniae Radix, Angelica Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Paeoniae Radix. As a traditional Chinese herbal decoction, SWT has been widely used for t...
Si-Wu-Tang (SWT) is a decoction consisting of a mixture of ingredients of Rehmanniae Radix, Angelica Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Paeoniae Radix. As a traditional Chinese herbal decoction, SWT has been widely used for the treatment of diseases characterized as blood and/or energy deficit. The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of SWT on the different populations of circulating white blood cells (WBCs) and gastrointestinal changes in γ-ray irradiated mice. Female mice were treated daily with orally administered SWT seven days before irradiation, until one day before irradiation or until one day before sample collection. WBC counts were determined from peripheral blood samples taken from the mice at different times post-irradiation. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, as well as immunohistochemical analysis of fibrinogen, were utilized to evaluate the effects of SWT in the intestines of mice after radiation exposure. The results of the present studies demonstrate that SWT has protective effects against radiation damage to circulating WBCs, specifically to lymphocytes, and to the gastrointestinal tract of the irradiated animals.
Immuno-modulator metallo-Peptide reduces inflammatory state in obese zucker fa/fa rats.
Gómez-Solís A, Reyes-Esparza J, García-Vázquez F … +2 more , Alvarez-Ayala E, Rodríguez-Fragoso L
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Sep · PMID 25324698
Metabolic syndrome is a prothrombotic and proinflammatory chronic state. In obesity, the adipose tissue secretes various adipokines that take part in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including...
Metabolic syndrome is a prothrombotic and proinflammatory chronic state. In obesity, the adipose tissue secretes various adipokines that take part in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including immunity and inflammation. Previous studies using a liver damage model treated with the immune-modulator metallo-peptide (IMMP) showed lessening in the degree of inflammation. Therefore, this study was set up to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of IMMP in obese Zucker fa/fa rats. We used Zucker-Lepr fa/fa and Zucker-Lean in this protocol. The groups received IMMP 50 ng/kg by i.p., three times per week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and the serum was preserved at -80°C until analysis; the liver was excised and preserved in formaldehyde 4%. Analyses were performed to determine cytokine, insulin, glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels in serum, and histological analysis was also performed. IMMP treatment of obese rats resulted in decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (leptin, lL-6, IL-1betha, INF-gamma) and a chemokine (MCP-1), and increased levels of anti-inflammatory adipokine (adiponectin). In addition, treatment decreased the damage and hepatic steatosis generated in the tissue of obese rats. The IMMP exerted an anti-inflammatory effect in obese rats and therefore may be an effective and safe therapeutic alternative in the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
Assessment of Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology of Sadat-Habdan Mesenchymal Stimulating Peptide (SHMSP) in Rats and Goats.
Al-Habdan I, Sadat-Ali M, Safar Alghamdy M … +2 more , Randhawa A, Chathoth S
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Sep · PMID 25324697
BACKGROUND: Sadat-Habdan Mesenchymal Stimulating Peptide (SHMSP) was discovered and patented with USPTO in 2008. Studies have shown that SHMSP works as an angiogenesis factor. This study was done to evaluate pharmacokine...
BACKGROUND: Sadat-Habdan Mesenchymal Stimulating Peptide (SHMSP) was discovered and patented with USPTO in 2008. Studies have shown that SHMSP works as an angiogenesis factor. This study was done to evaluate pharmacokinetics (PK) in rats and toxicology studies in goats and rats. METHODS: In 80 skeletally mature Sprague Dawley rats 5 milligram/kg body weight of SHMSP was injected intramuscularly. Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, 120, 240, 320 minutes and 480 minutes. The plasma calibration curves were prepared at concentrations of 6.25, 3.12, 1.56, 0.78 and 0.39 ng/mL by spiking 190 µL of rat plasma with 10µL of working standard and 200 µL of deionized water. Samples were vortexed for five seconds, centrifuged at 14000 rpm for 30 minutes at 4°C and the supernatant was collected analyzed using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After injection of 20 µL sample, the peptide was eluted with 15ml linear gradient up to 36% of eluent A. The time between injections was 25 min. and the eluent was monitored at a wavelength of 215 nm. The concentration of peptide present in the rat plasma samples collected at different time intervals were quantified using standard curve method. The goats were injected deep intramuscularly 100 mg/kg-body weight of the SHMSP dissolved in injection solution. In 10 Sprague Dawley rats of ≥250 grams of weight, 20 mg/kg/day SHMSP was injected for 7 consecutive days. All the animals were kept at a close watch. Clinical observation at least once daily and as necessary was undertaken. After 2 weeks animals were euthanized and major organs were harvested and histopathology samples were obtained and processed. RESULTS: There were no deaths is either of the study and control group of animals. The gross observations of the various organs appeared normal and histopathological studies did not show any toxicity in the organs tested. The plasma concentration-time profile of SHMSP after intramuscular injection, the level of SHMSP in an initial high phase reaching the highest at 30 minutes 2.3184 ng/ml and 60 minutes 1.7447 ng/ml at 60 minutes. The lowest level was at 360 minutes of 0.0879 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS: The dose of SHMSP at 20 times the recommended dose was not toxic and secondly the peak time and level was at 30 minutes to 120 minutes and the plasma half-life of SHMSP was 90 minutes.
The Effect of Acetyl Salicylic Acid Induced Nitric Oxide Synthesis in the Normalization of Hypertension through the Stimulation of Renal Cortexin Synthesis and by the Inhibition of Dermcidin Isoform 2, A Hypertensive Protein Production.
Ghosh R, Bank S, Maji UK … +4 more , Bhattacharya R, Guha S, Khan NN, Sinha AK
Int J Biomed Sci · 2014 Sep · PMID 25324696
Currently, there is no specific medication for essential hypertension (EH), a major form of the condition, in man. As acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin) is reported to stimulate the synthesis of renal (r)-cortexin, an anti-...
Currently, there is no specific medication for essential hypertension (EH), a major form of the condition, in man. As acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin) is reported to stimulate the synthesis of renal (r)-cortexin, an anti-essential hypertensive protein, and, as aspirin is reported to inhibit dermcidin isoform 2 (dermcidin), a causative protein for EH, the role of aspirin in the control of EH in man was studied. Oral administration of 150 mg aspirin/70 kg body weight in subjects with EH was found to reduce both the elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressures to normal levels within 3 h due to the normalization of dermcidin level in these subjects. The plasma cortexin level at day 0, 1, 30 and 90 were 0.5 pmol/ml, 155.5 pmol/ml, 160.2 pmol/ml, 190.5 pmol/ml respectively with increased NO synthesis (r=+0.994). In vitro studies demonstrated that the incubation of the goat kidney cortex cells with aspirin stimulated (r)-cortexin synthesis due to NO synthesis. It could be suggested that the use of aspirin might control EH in man.
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