Biomedica[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Health effects of wildfire PM2.5 in Latin American cities: A rapid systematic review and comparative synthesis.
Malagón-Rojas J, Chen K
Biomedica · 2025 Nov · PMID 41325566 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Wildfire activity is intensifying in Latin America due to climate and land-use changes, but the health impacts of wildfire-derived PM2.5 in urban areas remain poorly quantified and recognized. OBJECTIVE: To...
INTRODUCTION: Wildfire activity is intensifying in Latin America due to climate and land-use changes, but the health impacts of wildfire-derived PM2.5 in urban areas remain poorly quantified and recognized. OBJECTIVE: To assess the evidence on wildfire-related PM2.5 and its association with mortality and morbidity in Latin American cities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines, using data from PubMed, Scopus, and Bireme. One reviewer independently screened 163 articles and extracted data from 14 eligible studies. A risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: Most studies were conducted in Brazil (n = 12) and used time-series or modelling designs to estimate health risks. Wildfire-specific PM2.5 exposure was associated with allcause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality. Reported effect estimates ranged from 1.7 to 7.7% increases in risk per 10 μg/m³ of exposure. Other studies assessed preterm birth, COVID-19 outcomes, and site-specific cancers. While two studies provided harmonized RR estimates for all-cause mortality, high heterogeneity and methodological differences prevented formal meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: Wildfire smoke contributes measurably to premature mortality in Latin America, but current evidence is unevenly distributed across regions, time periods, and population subgroups. Studies rarely capture the disproportionate risks faced by indigenous and rural communities or the intraurban disparities linked to poverty and geography. Future research should focus on the health burden of morbidity linked to wildfire PM2.5.
Genomic fragment detection and infectivity evaluation of rotaviruses isolated from wastewater used for irrigation in western Bogotá, D. C.
Jordán JS, Guerrero CA
Biomedica · 2025 Nov · PMID 41325565 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Enteric viruses significantly impact morbidity, mortality, and healthcare. Transmission through wastewater is favoured in highly contaminated areas due to inadequate treatment. OBJECTIVE: To determine the n...
INTRODUCTION: Enteric viruses significantly impact morbidity, mortality, and healthcare. Transmission through wastewater is favoured in highly contaminated areas due to inadequate treatment. OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of rotaviruses and their infectious capacity from wastewater samples used for irrigation in the western part of Bogotá. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Concentrations of group A rotavirus were monitored in wastewater using molecular methods. The infectivity of rotaviruses was evaluated in a mouse intestinal villi model. We assessed the feasibility of applying this approach for environmental health surveillance in Colombia, considering findings reported by other authors. RESULTS: The research focused on the La Ramada irrigation network in the western part of Bogotá, specifically the Canal San José. We analysed eighteen wastewater samples using qRT-PCR and detected group A rotavirus in twelve of them. The positive samples contained infectious rotavirus, as confirmed through the mouse villi model. CONCLUSION: This study shows that contamination by group A rotavirus is frequent in wastewaters from the Canal San José in the La Ramada irrigation network in the western part of Bogotá and reveals high concentrations of rotavirus. The results suggest that villi from mouse intestines serve as a reliable model for isolating rotavirus from wastewaters. These findings provide a new approach for environmental health surveillance in Colombia, based on molecular epidemiology for waters highly contaminated with human enteric viruses.
Outbreaks and incidence of vector-borne diseases in Colombia (2007-2024): Impact of climate change and deforestation.
Olivera MJ, Porras-Villamil JF, Fuentes MV
Biomedica · 2025 Nov · PMID 41325564 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Vector-borne diseases pose a public health challenge in Colombia, influenced by climatic and environmental factors. El Niño and deforestation can alter vector habitats, affecting the incidence of dengue, Zi...
INTRODUCTION: Vector-borne diseases pose a public health challenge in Colombia, influenced by climatic and environmental factors. El Niño and deforestation can alter vector habitats, affecting the incidence of dengue, Zika, chikungunya, malaria, cutaneous leishmaniasis, and yellow fever. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzes the relationship between these variables and vector-borne diseases incidence in Colombia (2007-2024). MATERIALS AND METHODS: An ecological study was conducted using incidence and outbreak data for six vector-borne diseases, linked to climate information, El Niño, and deforestation. Regression models and random forests were applied to assess associations. RESULTS: Between 2007 and 2024, 3,283,259 cases of vector-borne diseases were reported in Colombia. Of these, 49.9% (1,639,120) were dengue and 39.8% (1,307,351) malaria, accounting for 89.7% of total cases. El Niño was associated with increased incidence of dengue (β = 213.24; 95% CI: 86.05-338.43), chikungunya (β = 26.41; 95% CI: 17.54-70.36), and Zika (β = 14.12; 95% CI: 10.06-89.30). Maximum temperature showed a positive relationship with dengue (β = 5.74; 95% CI: 2.15-13.63) and malaria (β = 17.28; 95% CI: 3.81-30.75). Deforestation was associated with malaria (β = 12.35; 95% CI: 4.62-20.08) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (β = 8.67; 95% CI: 2.21-15.13). Mean precipitation had negative associations with chikungunya and leishmaniasis. CONCLUSIONS: Climate change and deforestation impact the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases in Colombia. Integrated public health and environmental conservation strategies are needed to mitigate their effects.
Early warning system for high temperatures and heat waves: The need for a public health policy in Colombia.
Salazar-Ceballos A, Álvarez-Miño L
Biomedica · 2025 Nov · PMID 41325563 · Full text
The rise in global temperatures, accelerated by ongoing climate change, requires promotion of public health policies, such as the creation of early warning systems for high temperatures and heatwaves, to reduce the risk...
The rise in global temperatures, accelerated by ongoing climate change, requires promotion of public health policies, such as the creation of early warning systems for high temperatures and heatwaves, to reduce the risk to the most vulnerable population groups, including children, pregnant women, and older people. Scientific evidence supports that pregnant women are at greater risk of preterm birth during exposure to high temperatures; adults and children may be at risk of dehydration, and adults over 65 years may be at higher risk of heart disease. This paper analyzes some of the early warning systems for high temperatures and heatwaves in various countries, with a focus on reducing risks to human health. In Colombia, current regulations allow the creation of early warning systems for high temperatures. The Plan decenal de salud pública 2022-2031, established by Resolution 2367 of 2023, through strategic axis 5: “climate change, emergencies, disasters, and pandemics”, calls for the development of intersectoral work for health management associated with these phenomena. This plan has as its strategic territorial goal that the different territories generate early warning systems by 2031 to reduce the impact of the threats exacerbated by climate change. Finally, we present a climate-risk-based framework and invite government institutions to lead this process.
Climate change and health: Surveillance and action duties of the health sector.
Hernández-Flórez LJ
Biomedica · 2025 Nov · PMID 41325562 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
[Not Available].
Hidalgo AM, Fuya OP, Martínez DP
Biomedica · 2025 Sep · PMID 41060171 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Neonatal screening is an essential mechanism for the early detection of congenital anomalies within the first hours of birth. OBJECTIVE: To describe the technical capacity of the laboratories performing neo...
INTRODUCTION: Neonatal screening is an essential mechanism for the early detection of congenital anomalies within the first hours of birth. OBJECTIVE: To describe the technical capacity of the laboratories performing neonatal screening tests in Colombia, the timeliness of information reporting, and national coverage based on data from the neonatal screening repository collected during January to September of 2024. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 243,536 records nationwide uploaded by health service providers that perform neonatal screening tests on dried blood spot simples nationwide. The records corresponded to births that occurred between January 1st and September 30th, 2024. We evaluated indicators of test coverage and capacity of the national diagnostic network. RESULTS: The screening coverage –calculated from the total number of laboratories that reported information– was 72.2% nationwide. The average time from birth to result reléase is 4.8 days, and only 62.1% of the results were classified as issued “very timely” (≤ 3 days). CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that strengthening the quality and timeliness of information reporting will provide real-time data for timely public health decision-making, which will positively impact the quality of life of children born in Colombia.
Hypertension in a low-income, predominantly afrocolombian city: Prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and risk factors from a community-based screening.
Palomino KD, Molano D, Lucumí DI … +1 more , Maturana Y
Biomedica · 2025 Sep · PMID 41060170 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is a serious medical condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of hypertension is increasing in lower-middle-income countries, but the lack of local data can hinder...
INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is a serious medical condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of hypertension is increasing in lower-middle-income countries, but the lack of local data can hinder the planning and development of strategies to manage this condition. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Quibdó, a predominantly afrocolombian middle-sized city. Additionally, we aimed to describe the distribution of risk factors and analyze the associations among clinical outcomes, demographic characteristics, behaviors, and prior conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study used secondary data from a community-based screening conducted by local government institutions between May and September 2019. RESULTS: Among the participants screened, 892 (21%) had hypertension and 46.52% were aware of their diagnosis. Of the participants that were aware, 65.3% were receiving pharmacological treatment. However, only 54.61% of participants receiving treatment had controlled hypertension, meaning that only 16.5% of the population with hypertension had adequate awareness, treatment, and control. Additionally, 50.43% of the participants without hypertension had prehypertension and 62.53% of the population had excess body weight. While 91.81% had their blood pressure checked within the past year, there remains a persistent issue within the health care system. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hypertension in communities in lower-middle-income countries such as Quibdó is concerning, as is the low awareness, treatment, and control of this condition. Community-based screenings are useful; however, a gap remains in translating these efforts into effective public health prevention strategies and clinical practice. This highlights the need for future research to support the adoption of more comprehensive approaches to hypertension prevention and treatment in underserved communities.
Adherence to the Colombian guideline on congenital toxoplasmosis.
Correa-Pérez S, Carrascal-Petro MD, Arango-Ferreira C … +2 more , Beltrán-Arroyave CP, Sierra-Abaunza JM
Biomedica · 2025 Sep · PMID 41060169 · Full text
Introducción. Materiales y métodos.
Introducción. Materiales y métodos.
Incidence and prevalence of vitiligo by gender and age in the Colombian population.
Rueda PA, Orozco S, Castro JR … +4 more , Londoño ÁM, Vásquez EM, Arango A, Builes CE
Biomedica · 2025 Sep · PMID 41060168 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting skin disorder characterized by achromic macules resulting from the selective destruction of melanocytes. Epidemiological information regarding this condition remains lim...
INTRODUCTION: Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting skin disorder characterized by achromic macules resulting from the selective destruction of melanocytes. Epidemiological information regarding this condition remains limited in Colombia and Latin America, with prevalence varying across geographical regions. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and prevalence of vitiligo in Colombia by age, gender, and region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted utilizing real-world clinical practice data retrieved from the national registry SISPRO (Sistema de Información para la Protección Social) spanning the period from 2015 to 2022. RESULTS: Over the eight-year follow-up period (2015-2022) in Colombia, 131,494 patients were diagnosed with vitiligo. In 2016, the lowest incidence was observed, with 26 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, whereas in 2019, the highest incidence was recorded at 47 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, representing a difference of 11,175 cases between the two years. Incidence decreased in 2020 to 28.15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Prevalence exhibited a linear increase over the years, with the highest rates observed in 2018 and 2019. CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the first comprehensive report on epidemiological data concerning individuals with vitiligo in Colombia, and the second in South America. It contributes to the understanding of this condition, revealing an upward trend in incidence and prevalence. These findings also provide insights into primary treatment modalities, which are probably associated with improved case registration by healthcare providers.
Comparison between treponemal and non-treponemal tests for syphilis detection.
Aguaiza V, Chiriboga-Ponce RF
Biomedica · 2025 Sep · PMID 41060167 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Syphilis detection has traditionally relied on non-treponemal tests for screening followed by confirmation with a treponemal test, an algorithm implemented worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance...
INTRODUCTION: Syphilis detection has traditionally relied on non-treponemal tests for screening followed by confirmation with a treponemal test, an algorithm implemented worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of treponemal and non-treponemal tests in the effective detection of syphilis among blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 384 samples, initially reactive for syphilis by non-treponemal tests (VDRL). All samples were retested by VDRL, ELISA, CLIA, and FTA-ABS, the latter as a confirmatory test. We calculated kappa coefficients to establish agreement between tests and determine performance indices for each assay. RESULTS: We identified agreement between non-treponemal and treponemal tests. Concordance between VDRL and ELISA was 78.8% and between CLIA and VDRL was of 76% (p < 0.005). The concordance between ELISA and CLIA was 83%. When comparing the results of treponemal and non-treponemal tests with FTA-ABS, concordance rates ranged from 44.2% to 61.9%. Performance indices showed that non-treponemal and treponemal tests exhibit sensitivity values between 89.70% and 99.39%. The positive predictive value was higher for the CLIA test (95.27%), whereas the highest false-positive rate was observed for the VDRL test (94.52%). CONCLUSIONS: The samples analyzed were reactive from the outset, which could interfere with the measurement parameters. However, they provided valuable information to evaluate the implemented algorithms.
The struggle for food amid social inequity and violence: Food insecurity in the Amazon piedmont in Caquetá.
Estrada S, Pasaje M, Botache JP … +1 more , Méndez F
Biomedica · 2025 Sep · PMID 41060166 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: The Amazon foothills are a territory of contrasts between natural abundance and various socio-environmental problems. Ethnic and peasant communities –and particularly women– have been the primary victims of...
INTRODUCTION: The Amazon foothills are a territory of contrasts between natural abundance and various socio-environmental problems. Ethnic and peasant communities –and particularly women– have been the primary victims of these conflicts, which have exacerbated inequality gaps that prevent these communities from achieving adequate levels of well-being, including food security. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of food insecurity and identify the socioeconomic factors associated with its occurrence in two municipalities of the Andean-Amazon piedmont: San José del Fragua y Curillo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of food insecurity in communities of two municipalities in the southwest of Caquetá, using the Escala Latinoamericana y Caribeña de Seguridad Alimentaria. One hundred eightynine surveys were applied to households in the municipalities of Curillo and San José del Fragua. RESULTS: Only 23.3% of the households declared food security, while 30.2% experienced moderate and severe food insecurity. Statistically significant associations were found between food insecurity and affiliation to the healthcare system, level of education, and selfrecognition as a victim of the armed conflict. CONCLUSIONS: In these peasant populations, the high prevalence of food insecurity was associated with vulnerable socioeconomic conditions. The studied municipalities showed prevalence rates higher than the national average, reflecting marginalization and inequality related to the armed conflict, limited access to markets, and displacement of the agricultural vocation. These factors align with the country’s sustained increase in food insecurity, even after the signing of the Peace Agreement.
Assessment of forced spirometry quality in healthy adults at 2,700 meters above sea level.
Valero-Ortiz AS, Wilches-Wilches MR, Roa-Cubaque MA … +6 more , Palencia-Mojica CL, Umbacía-Salas FÁ, Polanía-Robayo AY, Quemba-Mesa MP, Delgado-Villalba P, Flechas-Robles ÁM
Biomedica · 2025 Sep · PMID 41060165 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Forced spirometry evaluates respiratory mechanics according to the 2019 American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria. The quality of the test depends on the evaluation of the curves o...
INTRODUCTION: Forced spirometry evaluates respiratory mechanics according to the 2019 American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society criteria. The quality of the test depends on the evaluation of the curves obtained according to acceptability and repeatability, in addition to environmental factors such as altitude above sea level. OBJECTIVE: To determine the quality of forced spirometry tests in a healthy adult population at 2,700 meters above sea level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective quantitative cohort study on reference values for forced spirometry in a healthy population at 2,700 meters above sea level. Test quality was evaluated using acceptability and repeatability criteria. Based on a prospective quantitative cohort study of forced spirometry reference values in a healthy respiratory population at 2,700 meters above sea level, the quality of the tests was evaluated considering the acceptability and repeatability criteria. RESULTS: We performed 417 forced spirometry tests in a healthy adult population at 2,700 meters above sea level, 81% of which fulfilled the quality criteria. A greater proportion of tests did not meet the acceptability criteria, specifically, “the good start” item due to a time higher than 150 ms to achieve the peak expiratory flow; followed by artifacts such as glottic closure, the most frequent; and “the good end” criterion due to an early termination of exhalation. CONCLUSIONS: As the sessions progressed, the quality of the forced spirometry tests was optimized, a condition favored by the improvement of the technique and continuous training of the professionals.
Identification of a variant in the USH1G gene in a family with Usher syndrome.
Gélvez N, López G, Tamayo ML
Biomedica · 2025 Sep · PMID 41060164 · Full text
Usher syndrome is characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa, and vestibular dysfunction. It is the most common cause of deafblindness worldwide. It is classified into three clinical typ...
Usher syndrome is characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa, and vestibular dysfunction. It is the most common cause of deafblindness worldwide. It is classified into three clinical types and twelve genetic subtypes. We report a case of a family affected by Usher syndrome due to a variant in the USH1G gene, coding for the SANS protein. The ocular and auditory tests were performed for clinical confirmation of the diagnosis. The molecular study consisted of a next-generation sequencing panel containing 14 genes associated with Usher syndrome: MYO7A, USHC1, CDH23, PCDH15, USHG1, CIB2, USH2A, ADGRV1, WHRN, CLRN1, HARS, PDZD7, CEP250, C2orf71. We present the case of a 13-year-old girl from a consanguineous Colombian family diagnosed with Usher syndrome type 1G. Clinical evaluations confirmed auditory, vestibular, and ocular alterations. Molecular analysis identified the homozygous p.Glu171Ter variant in the USH1G gene. We highlight the importance of an early diagnosis of Usher syndrome. Although the variant frequency in the USH1G gene is low, it should not be underestimated; the exact etiology must be identified in these families. We recommend establishing a panel with Colombianspecific variants to perform more accurate Usher syndrome diagnoses, and in the future, to guide the development of gene therapies.
Cyclophosphamide post-haploidentical stem cell transplantation experience in an infant with IPEX syndrome.
Medina D, Ariza-Insignares C, Restrepo A … +6 more , Devia Á, Franco A, Lemus R, Olaya M, Milanés R, Pachajoa H
Biomedica · 2025 Sep · PMID 41060163 · Full text
BACKGROUND: IPEX syndrome is a rare hemizygous X-linked disorder with complex autoimmune reactions, characterized by immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy. It has a poor prognosis and a high mortality...
BACKGROUND: IPEX syndrome is a rare hemizygous X-linked disorder with complex autoimmune reactions, characterized by immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy. It has a poor prognosis and a high mortality risk without prompt therapy. Treatment options include pharmacological immunosuppression, nutritional and supportive care, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the latter as the only curative option. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a male infant, the second child of a nonconsanguineous couple, with negative prenatal screening and intrauterine growth restriction detected at 27 weeks' gestation. He was diagnosed with neonatal diabetes mellitus and treated with insulin. He was re-hospitalized for secretory diarrhea and rotavirus infection. At that moment, he was diagnosed with failure to thrive and hypothyroidism. He acquired multiple severe infections, including Candida parapsilosis fungemia, an urinary infection caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia. Endoscopy biopsy revealed chronic duodenitis with the absence of goblet and Paneth cells, findings suggestive of autoimmune enteropathy. Genetic testing identified a mutation in the FOXP3 gene, confirming the diagnosis of IPEX syndrome. We performed a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from an alternative haploidentical donor and administered a cyclophosphamide post-transplant regime. At 320 days posttransplant, the patient fully recovered his nutritional status and immunity. CONCLUSION: Haploidentical transplantation with a post-transplant cyclophosphamide regime can be a viable therapeutic option for patients with IPEX syndrome, lacking an HLA-identical donor, with promising outcomes based on the follow-up data.
Spinal tuberculosis, pathophysiology and radiological presentation, three case reports.
Ross VMS, Pinzón B, Palacios-Ortiz DM … +3 more , De La Rosa-Noriega Z, Rafeh JA, Jurado LF
Biomedica · 2025 Sep · PMID 41060162 · Full text
Prompt diagnosis and treatment of spinal tuberculosis are key in preventing its neurological and physical sequelae. This affection, also known as Pott's disease, should be considered a differential diagnosis in patients...
Prompt diagnosis and treatment of spinal tuberculosis are key in preventing its neurological and physical sequelae. This affection, also known as Pott's disease, should be considered a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with unexplained back pain that can lead to neurological symptoms and eventually paraplegia. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis, spreads from the lungs to the spine via venous or arterial pathways, causing lesions apparent upon imaging. Radiological findings include osseous destruction, disk collapse, abscess formation, and spinal deformity. While magnetic resonance is considered the most sensitive and specific imaging modality to establish a diagnosis, plain radiographs and computed tomography can provide useful information. This manuscript discusses three Colombian cases of spinal tuberculosis with the goal of increasing familiarity regarding the pathophysiology, clinical and radiological manifestations, and differential diagnosis of this rare but potentially devastating disease.
Multidisciplinary management of antiepileptic drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis in a young woman.
Khan S, Singh P, Salieva R
Biomedica · 2025 Sep · PMID 41060161 · Full text
Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare, life-threatening dermatological emergency characterized by extensive epidermal detachment and mucosal involvement, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and...
Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare, life-threatening dermatological emergency characterized by extensive epidermal detachment and mucosal involvement, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are imperative to improving patient outcomes. This case report describes the clinical course, management, and outcomes of a 29-year-old female diagnosed with toxic epidermal necrolysis. She had a history of polypharmacy and medication allergies and presented with a sudden-onset fever, malaise, and a diffuse rash. Clinical examination revealed extensive epidermal detachment involving more than 80% of the body surface area, including mucous membranes. Carbamazepine, administered recently, was identified as the suspected causative agent. The patient was promptly admitted to the intensive care unit for specialized care, including supportive measures, wound care, and close monitoring of fluid and electrolyte balance. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy was initiated, together with a multidisciplinary approach involving dermatology, ophthalmology, and nutritional support. The patient's condition gradually improved over the following weeks, with re-epithelialization of the affected areas and resolution of systemic symptoms. This case highlighted the importance of early diagnosis, prompt management, and a multidisciplinary approach in optimizing patient outcomes. As toxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare disease, prospective studies, immunogenetic biomarkers, and randomized controlled trials remain limited. Further research in these areas is needed to provide valuable insights into the management of this disease.
History of the measles epidemics in Colombia: an incomplete count.
Amaya-Castellanos C, Ortega F, Idrovo ÁJ
Biomedica · 2025 Sep · PMID 41060160 · Full text
Measles epidemics emerged in Colombia with the arrival of Europeans during the Conquest and Colonial periods, causing the death of thousands of indigenous people. Little is known about subsequent epidemics. Here, we summ...
Measles epidemics emerged in Colombia with the arrival of Europeans during the Conquest and Colonial periods, causing the death of thousands of indigenous people. Little is known about subsequent epidemics. Here, we summarize the history of 36 measles epidemics in Colombia, focusing on the first epidemic among the Hitnü indigenous people (1964) to improve the understanding of some historical facts. Despite underreporting, major epidemics were identified in indigenous territories (16th to 18th centuries) in Salamina (1885) and Bogotá (1905-1906). It was evidente that the lack of immunity had a greater impact during the Conquest and Colonial periods. Sociocultural determinants have always influenced the occurrence of epidemics, but their effects are greater after vaccines become available. Direct and structural violence have been the most important determinants of measles epidemics in the country. Currently, a global reemergence threatens Colombia.
Challenges for the elimination of neglected tropical disease in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Nicholls RS
Biomedica · 2025 Sep · PMID 41060159 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
[Factores asociados al tratamiento no exitoso para tuberculosis en pacientes previamente tratados en Cali, Colombia, en el periodo 2015-2019]].
Salvatierra Hilares JC
Biomedica · 2025 Aug · PMID 40865113 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Costs and impact of the Malaria Eradication Campaign in Colombia, 1957-1969.
Padilla-Rodríguez JC, Olivera MJ
Biomedica · 2025 Aug · PMID 40865112 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Between 1959 and 1969, Colombia implemented the Campaña de Erradicación de la Malaria (Malaria Eradication Campaign) as part of a global initiative. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the institutional costs of the Cam...
INTRODUCTION: Between 1959 and 1969, Colombia implemented the Campaña de Erradicación de la Malaria (Malaria Eradication Campaign) as part of a global initiative. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the institutional costs of the Campaña de Erradicación de la Malaria in Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A partial economic evaluation was conducted to describe costs and outcomes based on microdata from reports by the Servicio de Erradicación de la Malaria, the División de Campañas Directas, and the Pan American Health Organization, from 1958 to 1969. Costs were classified according to the operational phases of the Campaña de Erradicación de la Malaria –attack, surveillance, and maintenance– and expenditures were categorized into personnel, benefits, equipment, and other associated costs. RESULTS: The total cost of the Campaña de Erradicación de la Malaria was USD $41’788,924; 74.1% funded by national sources. The attack phase accounted for 80.4% of the total expenditure (USD $33’603,645), while the remaining USD $8’185,279 corresponded to the preparatory, consolidation, and maintenance phases. Forty percent of the attack phase expenditure was allocated to personnel responsible for spraying activities, while 19% percent was spent on insecticide acquisition. The average cost per household spraying was USD $2.70. The campaign prevented an estimated 568,439 malaria cases. CONCLUSIONS: The institutional cost of the Campaña de Erradicación de la Malaria in Colombia amounted to USD $41’788,924, with 74.1% corresponding to national resources. Although the campaign prevented an average of 41,965 malaria cases per year, it ultimately failed to achieve malaria eradication.
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