Schatz P, Frees A, Bilke C
… +2 more, Brennan N, Elbin R
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2021 · PMID 33969766
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Youth league administrators (N = 172) documented knowledge of/compliance with state concussion legislation, and were assigned to groups based on whether their state concussion legislation extended to non-school-affiliate...Youth league administrators (N = 172) documented knowledge of/compliance with state concussion legislation, and were assigned to groups based on whether their state concussion legislation extended to non-school-affiliated (NSA) youth sport leagues: EXTEND (50.6%) or NOT EXTEND (49.4%). Administrators within the EXTEND group were 2.7x more likely to report having a formal concussion policy. Only 90.7% confirmed a policy for removing concussed athletes from play, and 75% required independent medical clearance, and 82% mandated education for coaches, 49.1% for parents, and 35.9% for athletes. These results raise questions regarding compliance with state concussion legislation, especially for NSA youth sports leagues.
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2021 · PMID 33938339
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This study aims to evaluate the predictive capacity of executive dysfunction and social adaptation in performance in facial emotion recognition. The sample consisted of 31 adults with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) and A...This study aims to evaluate the predictive capacity of executive dysfunction and social adaptation in performance in facial emotion recognition. The sample consisted of 31 adults with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The variables that maintain significant correlations with emotional perception were taken as independent variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of the facial stimuli perception in population with ASD. The results demonstrated a relationship between social maturity and emotional perception. Better scores in communication, socialization and daily life skills predict better performance in the perception of facial stimuli, both emotional and non-emotional.
Yazdani S, Soluki S, Arjmandnia AA
… +3 more, Fathabadi J, Hassanzadeh S, Nejati V
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2021 · PMID 33900858
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Mathematics Learning Disorder (MLD) has been found to be related to impairments in cognitive functions. Spatial ability (SA), which is made up of eight single but unified elements can be assumed to have a leading part in...Mathematics Learning Disorder (MLD) has been found to be related to impairments in cognitive functions. Spatial ability (SA), which is made up of eight single but unified elements can be assumed to have a leading part in different areas of math skills. The first objective of this study was to explore differences in SA factors in 128 school children of third to sixth grade with and without MLD. The Flexibility of Closure, Closure Speed, Perceptual Speed, Visualization, Spatial Relation, Spatial Orientation, Spatial Temporal, and Wayfinding were measured through eight tasks. The second objective of the study was to explore the SA factors' ability to predict the performance of MLD participants in three executive functions. The results revealed that participants with MLD had poorer performance in all the SA tasks and it took longer to finish the visualization, spatial relation, and spatial orientation tasks compared to children with typical development (TD). Regression analysis indicated that some of the SA factors could predict working memory and cognitive flexibility, but they were unable to predict response inhibition. Regarding these results, applying SA factors in cognitive rehabilitation programs of children with MLD seems necessary.
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2021 · PMID 33813988
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This review focused on knowledge about the effects of music on attention. The revision was performed in compliance with the PRISMA protocol, being registered at Prospero under number CRD42020172933. Across reviewed studi...This review focused on knowledge about the effects of music on attention. The revision was performed in compliance with the PRISMA protocol, being registered at Prospero under number CRD42020172933. Across reviewed studies, the music improved performance on attention tasks, either by listening or using it within a procedure to modulate mood and motivation. It is still difficult to generalize and compare the results because of methodology and study design diversity. Further studies are needed to increase knowledge about the effect of music effect, especially to evaluate if it might have any potential clinical use.
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2021 · PMID 33794714
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Executive functioning (EF) is a domain-general process implicated in reading, but there remains lack of clarity within the domain due to varied assessment methods. We investigated the relation of EF (indexed with the NIH...Executive functioning (EF) is a domain-general process implicated in reading, but there remains lack of clarity within the domain due to varied assessment methods. We investigated the relation of EF (indexed with the NIH EXAMINER) to word reading, reading fluency, and reading comprehension in struggling readers and evaluated the mediational role of inference making for the EF-comprehension link. Analyses revealed an overall effect of EF on reading, with significant differences between fluency and comprehension, and between single word reading and comprehension, but not between fluency and single-word reading. The EF-reading comprehension relation was fully mediated by inference making.
Puhr A, Ruud E, Anderson V
… +4 more, Due-Tønnessen BJ, Skarbø AB, Finset A, Andersson S
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2021 · PMID 33783291
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Adolescent survivors of pediatric brain tumor (PBT) are a sparsely studied subset of childhood cancer survivors. Sustaining a PBT may complicate the development of executive functions (EFs), which play a vital role in lo...Adolescent survivors of pediatric brain tumor (PBT) are a sparsely studied subset of childhood cancer survivors. Sustaining a PBT may complicate the development of executive functions (EFs), which play a vital role in long-term psychosocial adjustment. In this study, 48 adolescent survivors and their parents completed questionnaires assessing EF, psychological symptoms, fatigue, and adaptive functioning, and 26 survivors underwent neuropsychological assessment. Survivors reported significantly more problems with adaptive functioning than a healthy control group, and this was most strongly associated to executive dysfunction, compared to psychological symptoms and fatigue. The findings have important implications for long-term follow-ups.
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2021 · PMID 33730951
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We examined whether there are factors of SCT in nonclinical young adults and whether SCT factors show differential relationships with depression, anxiety, ADHD, and executive functioning as assessed by self-report (EF-SR...We examined whether there are factors of SCT in nonclinical young adults and whether SCT factors show differential relationships with depression, anxiety, ADHD, and executive functioning as assessed by self-report (EF-SR) or neuropsychological performance (EF-NP). Factor analysis revealed Daydreaming/Bored (D/B), Lethargy (L), and Cognitive Complaints (CC) factors. CC was associated with anxiety and D/B with depression. CC and D/B were associated with inattentive ADHD, while D/B was associated with hyperactive/impulsive ADHD. While all factors were associated with EF-SR, there were few relationships with EF-NP. Higher CC was associated with lower intellect, and D/B was related to working memory.
Hudac CM, Santhosh M, Celerian C
… +3 more, Chung KM, Jung W, Webb SJ
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2021 · PMID 33719788
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Sensitivity to emotional face aids in rapid detection and evaluation of others, such that by school-age, children and youth exhibit adult-like patterns when the prolonged viewing of an emotional face distorts the percept...Sensitivity to emotional face aids in rapid detection and evaluation of others, such that by school-age, children and youth exhibit adult-like patterns when the prolonged viewing of an emotional face distorts the perception of a subsequent face. However, the developmental considerations of this phenomenon (known as ) are unclear given ongoing maturational and experiential changes, including the influence of own-race experiences or the lack of face expertise, as is evident in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study addressed whether emotional adaptive coding is sensitive to factors of face perception expertise, specifically self-race and developmental experience, in adults (age 19-28 years) and youth (age 10-16 years). Emotional adaptive coding was not influenced by race expertise (i.e., other versus same race identity) in White and Asian adults. Emotional adaptation coding during childhood and adolescence is consistent with adults, though youth with ASD exhibited stronger adaptor after-effects in response to other-race faces, relative to TD youth and adults. By extending prior work to examine the integration of race and emotional adaptive coding in ASD, we discovered that the strength of response in ASD is atypical when viewing other-race faces, which clarifies the role of racial and facial experience on emotional face adaption.
Roukoz C, Guerra A, Le Gall D
… +2 more, Ghazi M, Roy A
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2021 · PMID 33678077
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The current study focused on adapting EF tests for children to the Arabic language and examine the developmental trajectories of a sample of school-aged Lebanese children in four domains of EF (inhibition, flexibility, w...The current study focused on adapting EF tests for children to the Arabic language and examine the developmental trajectories of a sample of school-aged Lebanese children in four domains of EF (inhibition, flexibility, working memory, and planning). It also focused on examining the effects of gender and parental education level on EF performance. The study population included 100 Lebanese children aged from 6 to 12-years old who were grouped and comparable for age, gender, and parental level of education. Results revealed a main effect of age and level of education of parents while the effect of gender was non-significant.
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2021 · PMID 33583296
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In this study, we examined whether 2-and 3-year-old children exhibited activation in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal regions while engaging in a tool-based scale error task as measured by near-infrared spec...In this study, we examined whether 2-and 3-year-old children exhibited activation in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal regions while engaging in a tool-based scale error task as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Results revealed no significant differences in the prefrontal activation between children who produced scale errors and those who did not. However, we found significant activations of the prefrontal region during scale error sessions compared to free play sessions. Our results do not deny that the activation of prefrontal regions may, at least in part, be associated with children's scale error.
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2021 · PMID 33481636
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The aims of the present study were: (1) to explore the CHEXI factor structure parent ( = 183) and teacher ( = 206) forms in Spanish-speaking children aged 6 to 11 years, (2) to analyze the relationship between parent- a...The aims of the present study were: (1) to explore the CHEXI factor structure parent ( = 183) and teacher ( = 206) forms in Spanish-speaking children aged 6 to 11 years, (2) to analyze the relationship between parent- and teacher-rated data and performance-based measures of EF (including working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility tasks) and academic achievement and (3) to examine the association between parents and teachers reports. Confirmatory Factor analysis (CFA) showed that the two-factor model including (1) Working memory and (2) Inhibition best fit the data. McDonald's Omega coefficient was adequate for both the total parents (ω = .98). and teachers' (ω = .98) scales. In addition, low and selective associations were found between performance and rater-based assessments. However, stronger associations were observed between CHEXI and academic performance with differences according to the informant (parents vs. teachers). Finally, low correlations were found between parents and teachers reports. Taken together, our results suggest that the CHEXI is a reliable measure to assess EF in Argentinean Spanish-speaking children, supporting existing evidence that proposes that ratings and performance-based measures would assess different underlying mental constructs. Clinical and educational implications for considering both perspectives during neuropsychological assessment, further including parent- and teacher-rated reports are discussed.
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2021 · PMID 33423559
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Paired behavioral and ERP measures were used to track change over time in 17 third- and fourth-grade struggling readers. Word and nonword reading on standardized tests improved, but differentiation of words and letter st...Paired behavioral and ERP measures were used to track change over time in 17 third- and fourth-grade struggling readers. Word and nonword reading on standardized tests improved, but differentiation of words and letter strings, measured by N170 and N400 amplitude, did not significantly change. Sound awareness scores improved, but the ERP rhyming effect did not significantly change. Both digit span scores and latency of the P300 oddball effect decreased. Correlations between the ostensibly matched behavioral and electrophysiological measures of change were not significant, indicating that use of ERP and behavioral measures can provide nonoverlapping insight into change during reading development.
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2021 · PMID 33412953
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This longitudinal study examined whether the cognitive and academic development of children (M = 10.52 years) with Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF), is characterized by developmental delay or atypical developmen...This longitudinal study examined whether the cognitive and academic development of children (M = 10.52 years) with Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF), is characterized by developmental delay or atypical development. Cognitive tasks, arithmetic tasks, and reading tasks were administrated during three succeeding years to the BIF group and a Chronological Age-Matched Comparison (CAMC) group. The BIF children displayed weaknesses in relation to all tasks, and slower developmental rates on four arithmetic tasks and word reading. The results provide evidence in support of the developmental delay model as the BIF children overall displayed similar developmental growth and trends as the CAMC group.
Fernandez-Baizan C, Prieto MA, Martinez JA
… +2 more, Arias JL, Mendez M
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2021 · PMID 33393380
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The prototypical tasks for assessing visuospatial memory in infancy are based on the search for a hidden object in two locations. Fewer studies include more locations, delayed responses nor changes in the object's positi...The prototypical tasks for assessing visuospatial memory in infancy are based on the search for a hidden object in two locations. Fewer studies include more locations, delayed responses nor changes in the object's position. Our aim was to assess the visuospatial short-term and working memory in 12, 15, 18 and 22-month-old children (N = 65). Assessment included our experimental task, a working memory task and a cognitive developmental scale. Short-term and working memory abilities increased markedly at 22 months compared to younger ages and the performance of the children in our experimental task is related to other tasks previously used.
Aldrete-Cortez V, Tafoya SA, Ramírez-García LA
… +1 more, Poblano A
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2021 · PMID 33393353
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Habituation difficulties may suggest neurocognitive impairment. Periventricular echogenicity (PVE) potentially causes subtle damage that poses neuropsychological risk. Habituation was evaluated through heart rate and beh...Habituation difficulties may suggest neurocognitive impairment. Periventricular echogenicity (PVE) potentially causes subtle damage that poses neuropsychological risk. Habituation was evaluated through heart rate and behavioral states in infants at 36-37 weeks of corrected age between control and PVE groups. PVE infants showed early alertness and abrupt changes in behavioral states. However, the comparison group could better regulate their states. Heart rate was significantly high and remained unchanged in the PVE group but decreased in the control group. Alterations during the habituation paradigm in PVE infants could be early indicators of neuropsychological risk impairment. Scope of early habituation assessment is discussed.
Laghi F, Pompili S, Bianchi D
… +2 more, Lonigro A, Baiocco R
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2021 · PMID 33372552
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This study aimed to investigate Theory of Mind (ToM) and emotional awareness in drunkorexia, an emerging behavior characterized by calorie restriction when drinking alcohol is planned. A sample of 246 adolescents (148 fe...This study aimed to investigate Theory of Mind (ToM) and emotional awareness in drunkorexia, an emerging behavior characterized by calorie restriction when drinking alcohol is planned. A sample of 246 adolescents (148 females, 98 males; range 17-20) completed self-reported measures assessing drunkorexia, ToM and lack of emotional awareness. Drunkorexia was negatively correlated with ToM abilities, with reading neutral emotions, and positively with lack of emotional awareness. ToM and lack of emotional awareness were also found to predict drunkorexia. Findings highlighted that adolescents who engage in drunkorexia may have difficulties in reading others' mental states and being aware of their emotions.
Horiuchi F, Kawabe K, Oka Y
… +3 more, Nakachi K, Hosokawa R, Ueno SI
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2020 Dec · PMID 33356572
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Sleep disturbances are the comorbid conditions most frequently associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Sleep problems might precede and worsen the behavioral outcomes of ASD. This study examined the association b...Sleep disturbances are the comorbid conditions most frequently associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Sleep problems might precede and worsen the behavioral outcomes of ASD. This study examined the association between sleep habits/problems and autistic traits in toddlers. Eighteen-month-old toddlers (426; boys/girls, 204/222) were assessed for autistic traits using the Japanese version of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and sleep habits/problems using the Child and Adolescent Sleep Checklist during health checkups. There were no significant differences in sleep habits, including total sleep time, wake time, bedtime, and naps, between autistic toddlers (= 26) and non-autistic toddlers (= 400). However, toddlers with autistic traits more commonly exhibited bedtime resistance, abnormality in circadian rhythm, and sleepiness outside of naptime than toddlers without autistic traits. Moreover, autistic traits were significantly associated with daytime sleepiness. Autistic traits are associated with sleep problems in toddlers. In particular, daytime sleepiness might be avisible symptom that enables the earlier detection of ASD in children.
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2021 · PMID 33356560
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The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of low scores in a diverse Latin American population for two neuropsychological commonly used tests to evaluate executive functions and to compare the number of...The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of low scores in a diverse Latin American population for two neuropsychological commonly used tests to evaluate executive functions and to compare the number of low scores obtained using normative data from a Spanish-speaking population from Latin America versus an English-speaking population from U.S.A. Healthy adults (N = 5402) were administered the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Stroop Color-Word. Low scores on measures of executive functioning are common. Clinicians working with Spanish-speaking adults should take into account the higher probability of low scores on these measures to reduce false-positive diagnoses of cognitive deficits in an individual.
Lassander M, Hintsanen M, Suominen S
… +4 more, Mullola S, Fagerlund Å, Vahlberg T, Volanen SM
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2020 Dec · PMID 33305618
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Executive functions (EFs) are essential for student's learning and classroom functioning. The current cluster randomized controlled trial examines the effects of mindfulness intervention vs. active control program (i.e.,...Executive functions (EFs) are essential for student's learning and classroom functioning. The current cluster randomized controlled trial examines the effects of mindfulness intervention vs. active control program (i.e., relaxation) focusing on the main EFs (i.e., working memory, response inhibition, cognitive processing, cognitive flexibility and verbal fluency). A total of 131 students from 6th grade and 8th grade (median age 12 and 15) from four comprehensive schools participated. The schools were to equal shares randomized to intervention and active control groups, i.e., groups who underwent a 9-week mindfulness practice or relaxation program, respectively. Participants completed a cognitive test-package at baseline/pre-intervention, post-intervention at 9 weeks and follow-up at 6 months. Both intervention and active relaxation-based control groups improved on a majority of EF measures at both 9 weeks and 6 months. There was no significant difference between the mindfulness intervention group and the active control program in EFs. The current study suggests that mindfulness intervention and active control program do not differ in their effects to EFs, although both may have positive outcomes. Further research with both active and inactive control groups is needed to map the potential benefits of similar programs for cognitive functioning.
Dev Neuropsychol
· 2020 Dec · PMID 33269627
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This study documented the rate of Performance Validity Testing (PVT) failure in 81 youth athletes, aged 10-21 years, experiencing prolonged recovery following sports-related concussion, and the relationship between PVT a...This study documented the rate of Performance Validity Testing (PVT) failure in 81 youth athletes, aged 10-21 years, experiencing prolonged recovery following sports-related concussion, and the relationship between PVT and emotional symptoms. Neuropsychological assessments were conducted across three test sessions with a stand-alone PVT at each session. Results showed that 48% (39/81) of individuals failed at least one PVT, with an overall PVT failure rate of 26% (64/243). Those failing at least one PVT scored significantly higher on anxiety but not depression or somatization. Results illustrate the importance of including measures of emotional and behavioral functioning in testing following SRC.