Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi = Turkish Journal Of Psychiatry[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Relationship of Autistic Traits with Cognitive Flexibility and Other Executive Functions in Adolescents with Social Anxiety Disorder.
Özgür BG, Coşgun GBY, Özaydin BC
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070518 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare cognitive flexibility and executive functions in adolescents diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD) who have autistic traits with those who do not, and to investigate...
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare cognitive flexibility and executive functions in adolescents diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD) who have autistic traits with those who do not, and to investigate whether there is a significant difference compared to healthy controls. METHOD: The study included 36 adolescents diagnosed with SAD and 36 healthy controls. All participants completed the Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFS), and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale was administered to the SAD group. Neuropsychological tests including the Stroop Test TBAG Form, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices Test, and Visual-Auditory Digit Span Test-B were applied. Autistic traits were assessed using the Autism Spectrum Quotient-Adolescent’s Version (AQ-Adolescent) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in CFS scores between the social anxiety disorder and control groups. The SAD group showed poorer performance in the subdomains of the WCST. Additionally, in all subtestes of the Stroop test, the SAD group took significantly longer to complete the test. The AQ-Adolescent scores were significantly higher in the SAD group compared to the controls. In 25% (n=9) of the cases, autistic traits were above the cutoff. There were no significant difference in neuropsychological test results between the groups who have and do not have autistic traits within the case group. A weak negative correlation was found between the Liebowitz total and avoidance subscale scores and the AQ-imagination and attention to detail scores, while no correlation was found between the Liebowitz dimensions and CFS scores. CONCLUSION: This is the among the first studies to examine autistic traits and executive functions among adolescents with SAD. While no difference was found in cognitive flexibility scale scores between the SAD and control groups, the SAD group showed poorer performance in tests measuring other executive functions. However, this difference was not significantly influenced by the presence of autistic traits.
Brief Affect and Emotion Recognition Test: Development of an Original and Culture-Specific Measurement Tool.
Doğutepe E, Bakar EE, Incekaş C … +1 more , Karakaş S
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070517 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Culture plays a prominent role in recognition and rating of emotions. This study aims to develop a standardized measurement tool specific to Türkiye for assessing affect and recognizing emotions. The tool...
OBJECTIVE: Culture plays a prominent role in recognition and rating of emotions. This study aims to develop a standardized measurement tool specific to Türkiye for assessing affect and recognizing emotions. The tool is designed to be brief and practical for use as a bedside test in clinical settings. METHODS: Data were collected from 610 university students (psychology majors). The scale consisted of 500 black-and-white photographs taken under standard conditions by a professional photographer, depicting seven emotions (anxiety, fear, anger, joy, surprise, disgust, and sadness). Through four selection/elimination stages, the initial 500 photographs were reduced to 22. Expert opinions were gathered to assess the content validity of the test. Item reliability was assessed using the test-retest method, and the reliability coefficient was calculated using the Gwet AC1 technique. Following these stages, the final 20 photographs formed the Brief Affect and Emotion Recognition Test (BAET). RESULTS: The normative emotion recognition percentages for the 20 items ranged between 42.2% and 95.6%. Normative affect intensity scores ranged from 2.3 to 4.8. The Gwet AC1 reliability coefficient of the BAET was calculated as 73.2. CONCLUSION: In this study, a culture-specific test was developed to measure affect and emotion recognition processes, and its content validity and reliability were assessed. The findings indicate that the Brief Affect and Emotion Recognition Test (BAET) is a valid and reliable measurement tool, introducing a brief and practical test to the field.
The Role of Illness Representations and Metacognitive Beliefs in Mood in People with Type 2 Diabetes: A study from the COVID-19 Period.
Acar D, Berk ÖS
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070516 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Diabetes poses a significant global health threat due to its increasing prevalence and associated comorbidities, straining healthcare systems worldwide. Depression and anxiety are frequent comorbidities in ind...
OBJECTIVE: Diabetes poses a significant global health threat due to its increasing prevalence and associated comorbidities, straining healthcare systems worldwide. Depression and anxiety are frequent comorbidities in individuals with diabetes, and their underlying mechanisms have been a subject of research. This study investigated the influence of metacognitions and metacognitions about symptom control (MaSC) on depression and anxiety in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), specifically examining their effects beyond illness representations. METHOD: Conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study involved 153 T2D patients. Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ), Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), Metacognitions about Symptom Control Scale-Revised (MaSCS-R), and the Protection Motivation Theory Scale for COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors. RESULTS: Hierarchical regression analysis showed that after controlling for socio-demographic variables, fear of COVID-19, and illness representations, negative metacognitions about symptom control predicted 2% of anxiety and 4% of depression; metacognitions predicted 10% of anxiety and 9% of depression. CONCLUSION: Metacognitions predicted both depression and anxiety, supporting the Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model. Metacognitive therapy could be an alternative for managing emotional distress in T2D patients and may contribute to future research.
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Adaptation of the Situational Feature Recognition Test-2 in Schizophrenia Patients.
Türkoğlu Ö, Avci H, Yağcioğlu AEA
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070515 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Social cognition deficits are well known in schizophrenia patients. This study aims to conduct the validity and reliability study of the Turkish adaptation of the Situational Feature Recognition Test-2 (SFRT-2...
OBJECTIVE: Social cognition deficits are well known in schizophrenia patients. This study aims to conduct the validity and reliability study of the Turkish adaptation of the Situational Feature Recognition Test-2 (SFRT-2), which was developed to assess social knowledge, an area of social cognition, in schizophrenia patients. METHOD: In the study, 100 schizophrenia patients and 60 healthy controls were administered the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, the Hinting Task, the Facial Emotion Identification Test, the Facial Emotion Discrimination Test and the SFRT-2. The reliability of the test was analyzed with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots by performing a retest two days later in 16 patients. Divergent validity was examined between the composite scores of the test and other social cognition test scores using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Known-groups validity was evaluated with the Mann-Whitney U test, while discriminant validity was examined using ROC analysis. RESULTS: In the test-retest reliability analyses, the correlations between the pre-test and post-test scores were found to be good and significant for all sub-scores and composite scores (ICC=lowest 0.833-highest 0.941), except for SFRT5 (ICC=0.634). In the divergent validity analyses, positive correlations were found between SFRT-2 hits scores and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (rs=0.338, p<0.001), the Hinting Task (rs=0.225, p=0.001), and the Facial Emotion Identification Test scores (rs=0.270, p<0.001). In contrast, negative correlations were found between SFRT-2 false positive scores and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (rs=-0.157, p=0.026) and the Hinting Task scores (rs=- 0.194, p=0.006). In ROC analysis, the area under the curve was 0.744 (95% CI 0.665-0.823, p<0.001) with 81.0% sensitivity and 61.67% specificity. CONCLUSION: The Turkish adaptation of the SFRT-2 has been shown to be a reliable and valid instrument for assessing social knowledge deficits in schizophrenia patients.
The Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms, Alexithymia, Emotion Regulation and Empathy in Adolescents with Social Anxiety Disorder.
Onat M, Ünver ABN, Avci H … +3 more , Dinç GŞ, Çöp E, Akay AP
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070514 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between depressive symptoms, alexithymia, emotion regulation difficulties and empathy in adolescents with social anxiety disorder and to compare the findi...
OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between depressive symptoms, alexithymia, emotion regulation difficulties and empathy in adolescents with social anxiety disorder and to compare the findings with healthy controls. METHOD: Our study included a total of 100 adolescents aged 12-18 years, consisting of 50 with social anxiety disorder (SAD) who applied to the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic between June 2022 and November 2022, and 50 healthy controls. Participants were evaluated with Beck Depression Inventory, Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and Basic Empathy Scale. RESULTS: Alexithymia, depressive symptoms and emotion regulation difficulties were significantly higher in adolescents diagnosed with social anxiety disorder compared to healthy controls, but no significant difference was found in empathy skills. The severity of social anxiety disorder was significantly related to depressive symptoms, alexithymia, and emotion regulation difficulties. Logistic regression analysis revealed maternal age, depressive symptoms, and alexithymia as the factors associated with social anxiety disorder in adolescents. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that depressive symptoms, alexithymia, and emotion regulation difficulties may be observed in adolescents with social anxiety disorder, and it is important to consider these factors in clinical assessment and intervention processes.
Off-label Prescribing of Clozapine and Safety.
Divac N, Jakovčevski I
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070513 · Full text
Clozapine is a unique antipsychotic primarily indicated for treatmentresistant schizophrenia, recurrent suicidal behavior in schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, and psychotic disorders in Parkinson’s disease...
Clozapine is a unique antipsychotic primarily indicated for treatmentresistant schizophrenia, recurrent suicidal behavior in schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, and psychotic disorders in Parkinson’s disease. It is also prescribed off-label in selected patients with mood disorders, personality disorders, or post-traumatic stress disorder. Despite its efficacy, clozapine is underprescribed due to concerns regarding adverse effects, particularly agranulocytosis. This narrative review aims to summarize the reported results regarding the off-label use of clozapine and analyze the potential risks and benefits of these practices. Offlabel prescribing, which involves using medications for unapproved indications, is common in psychiatry due to the insufficient effectiveness of many approved treatments. Clozapine, even at relatively low doses, has shown potential clinical benefits in patients with bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. However, its off-label use remains limited due to safety concerns. The safety concerns associated with clozapine include agranulocytosis, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, seizures, and metabolic syndrome. The prevention of agranulocytosis, a severe reduction in white blood cells, requires regular monitoring of blood counts. Myocarditis and cardiomyopathy necessitate careful cardiological monitoring, especially during the first month of treatment. Seizures can occur, particularly at higher doses, and metabolic syndrome, including weight gain, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, requires ongoing management. Other adverse effects such as constipation, hypersalivation, and sedation can also impact patient compliance and quality of life. Despite these risks, with careful patient selection, individualized dosing, and continuous monitoring, the therapeutic potential of clozapine in off-label indications warrants further exploration in clinical trials. Keywords: Adverse effects, clozapine, mood disorders, off-label prescribing, personality disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder.
Attitudes Towards Homosexuality and Associated Factors Among Medical Students.
Betin B, Korkmaz ŞA, Öyekçin DG
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070512 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the psychosocial factors that may influence attitudes toward sexual orientation among medical students and to explore the relationship between attitudes regarding gender roles, se...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the psychosocial factors that may influence attitudes toward sexual orientation among medical students and to explore the relationship between attitudes regarding gender roles, sexual myths, and homophobia. METHOD: A total of 457 medical students from Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University in Turkiye were included in the study during the 2022- 2023 academic year. Participants received the Sociodemographic Data Form, Hudson & Ricketts Homophobia Scale, Sexual Myths Scale, and Gender Role Attitudes Scale. RESULTS: Homophobia scores were found to be lower among fifth- and sixth-grade medical students compared to first-year students. Lower rates of homophobia were observed in students receiving psychiatric treatment and those who identify as secular. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between sexual myths and homophobia, and a negative correlation between gender role attitudes and homophobia. Predictors of homophobia include right-wing political orientation, conservatism, a high belief in sexual myths, and non-egalitarian attitudes toward gender roles. Finally, a mediation analysis demonstrated that attitudes toward gender roles serve as a partial mediating variable in the relationship between sexual myths and homophobia. CONCLUSION: The findings of our study highlight the significance of psychosocial and cultural factors in shaping attitudes toward sexual orientation and the need for accurate and comprehensive sexuality education in the medical curriculum. It is expected that thorough and equitable education will mitigate the stress associated with homophobia.
Familial Hemiplegic Migraine (FHM) with Transient Psychotic Symptoms: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Öz T, Gürel ŞC
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070511 · Full text
Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare, autosomal dominant subtype of migraine characterized by transient hemiparesis and neurological symptoms. It is primarily associated with mutations in the CACNA1A, ATP1A2, and...
Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare, autosomal dominant subtype of migraine characterized by transient hemiparesis and neurological symptoms. It is primarily associated with mutations in the CACNA1A, ATP1A2, and SCN1A genes, which disrupt neuronal excitability and contribute to complex clinical presentations. Although psychotic symptoms accompanying migraine attacks in FHM are exceedingly rare, they have been documented in a limited number of cases. This article presents a case of FHM diagnosed in a patient who exhibited transient psychotic symptoms during a migraine attack, with a focus on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The case is discussed in comparison to other rare instances reported in the literature. Psychotic symptoms in FHM are thought to arise from mechanisms such as cortical spreading depression and cerebral hypoperfusion. These symptoms are typically short-lived and respond rapidly to antipsychotic treatment. However, careful evaluation is essential to differentiate these episodes from primary psychotic disorders, thereby avoiding unnecessary prolonged antipsychotic use. This case underscores the importance of a thorough clinical assessment in FHM patients presenting with atypical psychiatric manifestations. The article aims to contribute to the understanding and management of psychotic symptoms in FHM, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment. Further research is warranted to elucidate the pathophysiology of psychosis in FHM and to optimize therapeutic strategies for this rare but clinically significant presentation. Keyword: Case report, cortical spreading depression, familial hemiplegic migraine, psychotic disorders.
Cognitive and Metacognitive Determinants of Psychopathology in Individuals with Physical Disabilities: A Comparative Study with a Healthy Control Group.
Aydin S, Güneysu İ, Eser B
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070510 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Disability extends beyond physical limitations, impacting individuals’ mental health and psychosocial adjustment. This study aimed to investigate the underlying cognitive and metacognitive processes cont...
OBJECTIVE: Disability extends beyond physical limitations, impacting individuals’ mental health and psychosocial adjustment. This study aimed to investigate the underlying cognitive and metacognitive processes contributing to psychopathological symptoms in individuals with physical disabilities. METHOD: We included 164 individuals with physical disabilities and 149 healthy controls. Psychopathology was measured using the 21 item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS21). Cognitive and metacognitive processes were assessed using the Negative Core Beliefs Inventory (NCBI), Cognitive and Behavioural Processes Questionnaire (CBP-Q), and Cognitive Attentional Syndrome 1 Scale (CAS-1). RESULTS: Comparative analyses showed no significant difference in DASS21 total scores (p>0.05). The CAS-1 total score was significantly lower in individuals with physical disabilities (p<0.05). Moderate, positive, and significant correlations were found between DASS21 and NCBI, CBP-Q, and CAS-1 (p<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that NCBI and CAS-1 significantly influenced depression levels (p<0.05), while CBP-Q had no effect (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Psychopathology in individuals with physical disabilities is associated with cognitive and metacognitive processes. Our results could inform the development of psychosocial interventions and improve health policies for this population.
Turkish Adaptation of the Revised Version of the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR-R): A Validity and Reliability Study.
Aksu MH, Erbil D, Ertek İE … +10 more , Koparal B, Aykurt DY, Yelli İ, Yaprak F, Avci GŞ, Yurtseven ÇH, Bozdağ MÇ, Geniş B, Coşar B, Aydemir Ö
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070509 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to adapt the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research-Revised Semi-Structured Interview (DCPR-R-SSI) into Turkish and assess its psychometric properties. METHOD: This study was conducted...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to adapt the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research-Revised Semi-Structured Interview (DCPR-R-SSI) into Turkish and assess its psychometric properties. METHOD: This study was conducted with two separate samples of patients diagnosed with psychosomatic disorders between the ages of 18-65 at Gazi University Psychiatry Clinic. For inter-rater reliability analysis, a sample of 100 participants was evaluated by two raters and kappa coefficient was calculated. Validity analysis used samples from both patient and community groups. For criterion validity, the relationship between DCPR diagnoses and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), Patient Health Questionnaire 15 (PHQ- 15), Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was analyzed with the Point Biserial Correlation Coefficient. The distribution of DCPR diagnoses in the community and hospital samples was analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample for inter-rater reliability analysis was 33.5±13.0 years and 55% were female. Kappa values for 14 DCPR-R diagnoses were between 0.823-0.964. The hospital and community samples included 110 people from the community and 100 from the hospital. In the validity analyses, Allostatic Overload showed a significant relationship with HADS-Depression, HADS-Anxiety, PHQ-15 and HAI. Demoralization and Demoralization with Hopelessness showed a significant relationship with all scales. Type A Behavior was weakly correlated with all scales, whereas Alexithymia was strongly correlated with the TAS. The five most common DCPR-R diagnoses were Allostatic Overload (55.2%), Demoralization (36.1%), Alexithymia (29.0%), Type A Behavior (27.6%), Irritable Mood (15.7%), Persistent Somatization (11.9%) and Health Anxiety (10.9%). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the Turkish version of DCPR-R is a valid and reliable measurement tool.
Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Neurocognitive Functions in Moderate and Severe Depression: A Follow-up Study.
Sinanoğlu GK, Güler Ö, Çaliş Z
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070508 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on depressive symptoms and neurocognitive functions during treatment and follow-up. METHODS: A total of 65 patients diagnosed with...
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on depressive symptoms and neurocognitive functions during treatment and follow-up. METHODS: A total of 65 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder, with a >16 scores in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D) and a >18 scores in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), participated in the study. The Ham-D, BDI, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Trail Making Tests A and B, Stroop Colour and Word Test, Number Sequence Test, Öktem Verbal Memory Processes Test, and Verbal Fluency Test were administered at baseline, 1st-, and 3rd-month for both treatment and control groups. RESULTS: A total of 65 patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 25 in the TMS group and 26 in the non-TMS group completed the followup. At the first month, 73.5% of patients in the TMS group showed a full treatment response, compared to 29.03% in the non-TMS group (p=0.001). At the third month, the treatment response rate decreased to 40% in the TMS group, whereas it was 42.3% in the non-TMS group, and the significant difference between the groups disappeared (p=0.918). In terms of cognitive functions, no significant changes were observed in either group at the first- and third-month follow-ups compared to baseline. CONCLUSION: TMS had a strong acute antidepressant effect; however, this effect diminished over time during the follow-up period. Although partial improvement was observed in cognitive functions, this improvement did not reach statistical significance.
Group Therapies for Gender Minority Stress: Systematic Review and Affirmative Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy Process Presentation.
Başar K, Pak H, Eren KC
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070507 · Full text
Gender minority stress refers to the form of stress experienced by individuals who identify as trans or within the spectrum of gender diversity due to discriminatory discourses and actions in society. This type of stress...
Gender minority stress refers to the form of stress experienced by individuals who identify as trans or within the spectrum of gender diversity due to discriminatory discourses and actions in society. This type of stress can negatively affect both mental and physical health and may even result in the loss of one's most fundamental right—the right to life. Therefore, it is crucial for professionals to remain sensitive to gender minority stress when working clinically with this population. This article aims to raise awareness among mental health professionals about gender minority stress and to provide a practical example of an intervention in this area. To this end, group therapy models addressing gender minority stress were reviewed through a systematic literature search. In addition, the experiences of eight individuals who participated in a group therapy designed and facilitated by the authors using an affirmative cognitive behavioral approach were shared. The findings indicate that the most prominent intervention models in the literature targeting gender minority stress are based on cognitive behavioral group therapy. Furthermore, it was observed that members who participated in the group therapy developed psychosocial empowerment through gaining awareness, solidarity, and cognitive and behavioral skills related to self-regulation.
Psychometric Properties of Turkish Instruments Assessing Social Cognition in Psychiatry and Neurology: A Systematic Review.
Koçyiğit D, Kilinç ME, Yilmaz RN … +2 more , Mutlu E, Ayhan Y
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070506 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Social cognitive processes are shaped by cultural norms, necessitating cultural adaptation and psychometric validation. This review systematically examines Turkish tools used to assess social cognition in neur...
OBJECTIVE: Social cognitive processes are shaped by cultural norms, necessitating cultural adaptation and psychometric validation. This review systematically examines Turkish tools used to assess social cognition in neurology and psychiatry, summarizing their procedures and psychometric properties. METHOD: Following PRISMA 2020, we searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and YOKSIS for studies up to May 2024. Using SRAccelerator’s Polyglot, we developed database-specific keywords and applied a PICOS-based search strategy. From 3,115 identified records, 157 studies met inclusion criteria. Among the Turkish tools used to assess social cognition in psychiatric disorders or neurological diseases, those with established validity and reliability, we extracted (i) task characteristics and (ii) psychometric properties. RESULTS: A total of 31 tests and 15 scales were used across 157 studies, covering 37 diagnoses, 9 studies with family members, and 2 with highrisk groups. Psychometric properties were reported for 13 tests (41.9%) and 8 scales (53.3%). Four tools were developed in Turkish: The Humor Comprehension and Appreciation Test, the Test of Perception of Affect via Nonverbal Cues, the Dokuz Eylül Theory of Mind Index, and the Child- Adolescent KA-SI Empathic Tendency Scale. The most frequently used test was the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (52.2%), while the Dokuz Eylül Theory of Mind Index (45.8%) was the most used scale. The Faux Pas Test and the Observable Social Cognition Scale had stronger psychometric support. Internal consistency, test-retest, and inter-rater reliability were assessed in 75%, 55%, and 30% of tools, respectively, while various validity measures ranged from 45% (known-group validity) to 5% (ecological validity). No test assessed social perception. The only tool that uses moviebased material in Turkish was the Test of Perception of Affect Via Nonverbal Cues. CONCLUSION: This systematic review provides a comprehensive approach to Turkish social cognition tools in neuropsychiatry. Nearly half lack robust psychometric validation, and there is a critical gap in Turkish tools measuring social perception.
Adaptation of Anxiety Scale for Children-Autism Spectrum Disorder-Parent Version (ASC-ASD-P-TR) to Turkish Culture and Examination of Psychometric Properties.
Yalçintürk AA, Babaoğlu E, Kanbay Y … +1 more , Türker TK
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070505 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: Accurate assessment of anxiety symptoms in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be challenging due to the lack of appropriate assessment tools. This study aimed to adapt the Anxiety Scal...
OBJECTIVES: Accurate assessment of anxiety symptoms in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be challenging due to the lack of appropriate assessment tools. This study aimed to adapt the Anxiety Scale for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder- Parent Version into Turkish (referred to as ASC-ASD-P-TR) to enable parents to assess anxiety in children with ASD. METHODS: This methodological study was conducted between October 2023 and March 2024 with parents of children diagnosed with ASD aged 8-15 years. 371 parents participated in the study. Data were collected online. Content validity, construct validity, internal reliability and split-half reliability. were examined. RESULTS: The construct of the ASC-ASD-P-TR, which consists of four dimensions (Performance, Separation, Arousal, and Uncertainty) and 24 items, was validated in Turkish. The scale has a score range between 24 and 96, and an increase in score means an increase in anxiety. The total variance explained by the scale is 61%. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for the overall scale is 0.94. In the sub-dimensions of the scale, Cronbach’s alpha value was between 0.66 and 0.80. CONCLUSION: The ASC-ASD-P-TR is a valid and reliable measurement tool for assessing anxiety in children with ASD in Turkiye.
The Relationship Between Secondary Traumatic Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Coping Styles in Healthcare Workers After the Kahramanmaraş 2023 Earthquakes.
Onat M, Yiğit M, Kayademir N … +3 more , Avci H, Dinç GŞ, Çöp E
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070504 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the relationship between secondary traumatic stress, anxiety, depression, and coping styles in healthcare workers following the devastating 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. METHOD: A to...
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the relationship between secondary traumatic stress, anxiety, depression, and coping styles in healthcare workers following the devastating 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. METHOD: A total of 243 healthcare workers aged 18-65 years working at Ankara Bilkent City Children’s Hospital between April 2023 and June 2023 were included in our study. Participants were assessed with the Brief Symptom Inventory, Ways of Coping with Stress Scale and Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. RESULTS: Anxiety, depression and secondary traumatic stress were positively correlated with ineffective coping styles and negatively correlated with effective coping styles. Younger age and female gender were associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression, while secondary traumatic stress was more prevalent among those involved in treating earthquake-affected patients. Regression analysis revealed that ineffective coping styles were associated with anxiety, depression and secondary traumatic stress. Additionally, time spent treating earthquakeaffected patients was linked to secondary traumatic stress, and the loss of a relative was associated with anxiety. CONCLUSION: Healthcare workers relying more on ineffective coping styles may face a greater risk of anxiety, depression and secondary traumatic stress.
Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire in Men on Probation for Substance Use and a Healthy Control Group.
Altun SB, Luyten P, Karabulut V … +2 more , Evren C, Bongard S
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070503 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Mentalization is defined as the capacity to reflect on one’s own mental state and the mental states of others. The primary aim of this study is to translate the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ)...
OBJECTIVE: Mentalization is defined as the capacity to reflect on one’s own mental state and the mental states of others. The primary aim of this study is to translate the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ), which measures mentalization, into Turkish and evaluate its psychometric properties. In addition, reflective capacities of male adults on probation due to substance use were investigated and compared with the control group. METHODS: The questionnaire was translated into Turkish using a forward-backward-forward method and administered to 219 adults with no prior psychiatric history, as well as 205 substance-using male adults. Participants also completed a battery of self-report questionnaires measuring empathy, mindfulness, theory of mind, alexithymia, and impulsivity. Additionally, the substance-using group completed the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test to assess the severity of their drug use. RESULTS: The results indicate configural invariance of the original twofactor structure of the RFQ across the Turkish-speaking healthy control group and substance-using male adults, as well as satisfactory reliability and construct validity for the two subscales. The reflective functioning scores of the substance-using group were not significantly different from those of the control group. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the RFQ. Despite no significant differences in RF scores between the groups, the findings highlight the significance of further exploring reflective functioning in individuals with substance use.
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Food Neophobia Scale in Adolescents.
Yazici M, Kivrak M, Puşuroğlu M … +1 more , Hocaoğlu Ç
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070502 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Food neophobia is an aversion or reluctance to eat new or unfamiliar foods. The aim of this study was to establish the Turkish validity and reliability of the Food Neophobia Scale, which is used to measure the...
OBJECTIVE: Food neophobia is an aversion or reluctance to eat new or unfamiliar foods. The aim of this study was to establish the Turkish validity and reliability of the Food Neophobia Scale, which is used to measure the fear of trying new foods, in the adolescent age group. METHOD: The study was conducted with high school students in the province of Rize during the 2023-2024 academic year. The sample of the study was comprised of 466 students in 13-18 age range. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing demographic characteristics and the Food Neophobia Scale. To assess the validity and reliability of the scale, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient were used. RESULTS: The mean age of the students included in the study was 15.4±1.1 years 50.6% were male. The items in the scale used in the study were found to have sufficient correlation and the dataset was suitable for factor analysis (KMO=0.747; Bartlett’s sphericity test, p<0.001). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed that the scale had a good model fit (χ²=3.78, p<0.001). The Cronbach α internal consistency coefficient for the scale integrity was 0.71. CONCLUSION: The Turkish Food Neophobia Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool. The scale can determine food neophobia in adolescents aged 13-18.
The Frequency of Eating Disorders, Associated Factors, and Quality of Life in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: An Investigation in the Context of Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems.
Köksal A, Aykut DS, Özmen ES
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070501 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the frequency of eating disorders (ED) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) compared to healthy controls, and to investigate potential relationships between eating attitudes, qual...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the frequency of eating disorders (ED) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) compared to healthy controls, and to investigate potential relationships between eating attitudes, quality of life, and personality traits as measured by the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System (BIS/ BAS) Method: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study in the psychiatry outpatient clinic. We included 76 BD patients and 74 controls who were similar in terms of gender, age, and education level. We utilized Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System Scale (BIS/BASS), Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), Eating Attitude Test (EAT), Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), and Quality of Life Scale Short Form (SF-36). RESULTS: The frequency of ED was 18.4% in participants with BD and 1.3% in the control group. Compared with the control group; the physical function subscales scores, role difficulty physical subscales scores, social function and role difficulty emotional subscale scores of SF-36 were lower in BD patients; while the BAS, the EAT, the NEQ scales and eating concern, body concern and weight concern subscales and mean scores of the EDE-Q were found to be higher. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of ED is increased in BD patients. Our study is one of very few in the literature to examine the comorbidity of BD and ED, and the factor associated with the presence of ED. The data obtained will hopefullly contribute to better diagnosis and treatment Keywords: Bipolar disorder, behavioral activation systems, behavioral ınhibition system, eating attitude test, eating disorder.
Reliability and Validity of the Newly Developed Hacettepe-Computer Based Theory of Mind (Hacettepe-CBToM) Battery.
Kademli M, Tavat BC
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070500 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: With the rise in popularity of the theory of mind (ToM), defined as the ability to understand that others’ beliefs, desires, and intentions may differ from one’s own, numerous tools have been devel...
OBJECTIVE: With the rise in popularity of the theory of mind (ToM), defined as the ability to understand that others’ beliefs, desires, and intentions may differ from one’s own, numerous tools have been developed since the 1990s. However, the use of disparate tasks to measure the same construct, the lack of a standardized task battery, and the inadequate validity/reliability of existing TOM measures have contributed to inconsistent research findings. This study developed the HACETTEPE-Computer Based Theory of Mind Battery (HACETTEPE CBToM), which utilizes three-dimensional colored animations, focuses on social interactions, and integrates cognitive/ affective dimensions. Comprehensive validity and reliability studies were conducted. METHOD: The validity and reliability studies of the battery, which consists of eight scenarios (four second-order false belief tasks: two cognitive/ two affective, and four irony tasks: two cognitive/two affective), were carried out with 214 healthy adults aged 18-36. RESULTS: Construct validity was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis, and the fit indices indicated an excellent model fit [χ2(19, N=214) =26.14, p>0.05, χ2/df=1.38, RMSEA=0.042, SRMR=0.05, GFI=0.97, AGFI=0.95, CFI=0.98, TLI(NNFI)=0.97]. For criterion validity, a positive and significant correlation was found between the scores of the HACETTEPE-CBToM Battery and the Dokuz Eylül Theory of Mind Scale (r=0.32, p<0.05). The inter-rater reliability and internal consistency coefficients were r=0.94 and r=0.72, respectively. CONCLUSION: The HACETTEPE-CBToM Battery is a culturally appropriate, ecologically valid, and psychometrically robust tool for detailed assessment of ToM.
The Relationship Between the Level of Sexual Desire Reported in the Clinical Interview and Sexual Development Characteristics, Sexual Functions, and Clinical Diagnosis in Women.
Tabakci AS, Yildirim MH, Yildirim EA … +3 more , Güvenç HR, Kilinç SU, Örel D
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070499 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to understand the significance of reported sexual desire levels during clinical interviews. We investigated the relationship between sexual desire, sexual developmental characteristics, and sc...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to understand the significance of reported sexual desire levels during clinical interviews. We investigated the relationship between sexual desire, sexual developmental characteristics, and scale results, and the predictive effect of adequate sexual desire on clinical diagnoses. METHOD: The medical records of patients who consecutively applied to a Specialized Sexual Dysfunctions (SD) clinic were screened for reported sexual desire. We compared 101 patients who reported adequate sexual desire with 94 patients who reported inadequate desire with an interview. The groups were compared based on their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, sexual behaviors and the Golombok-Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale (GRISS). RESULTS: When the group with adequate sexual desire was compared with the group with inadequate sexual desire, significant differences were found between the two groups. The group with inadequate sexual desire was more likely to have had an arranged marriage, to have no source of sexual information, to view masturbation as natural to a lesser extent and as a sin to a greater extent, to have less frequent marital intercourse, to have higher rates of negative experiences related to sexuality, to have higher rates of negative changes in sexual life after having children, to have higher rates of comorbid SD, and to have higher GRISS frequency, satisfaction, avoidance, touching, anorgasmia subscale and total scores. The source of sexual information and negative experience about sexuality predicted a decrease in sexual desire. Those with reduced sexual desire were diagnosed with an SD 8.5 times more often than those with adequate sexual desire. CONCLUSION: Our findings showed the importance of sexual desire adequacy reported in the clinical interview in women in evaluating women’s sexual health and functions, and the need for sexual health education.
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