Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi = Turkish Journal Of Psychiatry[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Association between Symptom Dimensions and Psychosis Risk Factors with Functioning in First Episode Psychosis: A Six Months Prospective Study.
Aktaş S, Kirli U
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070478 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the associations of the severity of different symptom dimensions and psychosis risk factors with the overall functioning levels in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients over a 6-mont...
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the associations of the severity of different symptom dimensions and psychosis risk factors with the overall functioning levels in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients over a 6-month follow-up period. METHOD: Psychosis symptom dimensions (positive, negative, depression, mania, attention and other cognitive), sociodemographic characteristics and environmental risk factors (alcohol-substance use, childhood traumas, current stressful life events) were prospectively assessed in 32 patients who were hospitalized for FEP during the six-month follow-up period. The associations of these variables with the longitudinal Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores of these patients were analyzed using linear regression or repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: The severity of positive, negative, depression and mania dimensions reduced (p<0.001) during the follow-up period, while no significant change was found in Stroop interference effect scores (F=0.4, p=0.53). FEP patients with substance or alcohol use had significantly worse functioning during the follow-up period (F=11.2, p=0.001; F=5.3, p=0.02, respectively), and those patients' functioning improved significantly less (F=10.0, p=0.002; F=4.3; p=0.04, respectively). Stroop test performance detected at the first month of the follow-up period significantly predicted the final general functioning scores of the follow- up [Stroop test word reading time (sec): B=-0.58 (-1.13-0.03); color telling speed (sec): B=-0.35 (-0.59-0.1); interference effect: B=-0.28 (-0.57-0.01)]. CONCLUSION: The stable course and prognostic value of attention and other types of cognitive functioning in FEP patients is remarkable. Interventions for alcohol-substance use in FEP patients should be a part of routine practice.
Suicide Risk Among the Octogenarians: A Comparative Study.
Cengisiz C, Bölükbaşi S
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070477 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the factors that affect the likelihood of suicide in the elderly, with a focus on individuals aged 80 and older. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 7 nursing homes in...
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the factors that affect the likelihood of suicide in the elderly, with a focus on individuals aged 80 and older. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 7 nursing homes in the Manisa province, Turkiye. The data has been collected through face-to-face using a socio-demographic data form, the life satisfaction scale, and the suicide probability scale. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0, non-parametric statistical methods have been employed. RESULTS: The study included 278 elderly participants, 5 outliers were removed from the analysis. Among the included elderly participants (n=273), the anger score averages of males were higher. Low, high, and moderate income were found to have a higher suicide probability respectively. Those who resided in a nursing home for 3 years or more had higher anger scores. Elderly individuals residing in publicly funded nursing homes had higher averages in suicide probability, negative self, exhaustion, and anger scores. Further analyses were performed among the octogenarian population (n=149). Octogenarian males had higher scores in Suicide Probability, Disconnection from Life, and Anger Scale than the female octagenarian participants. Octogenarians with low income were found to experience a lack of attachment to life and higher levels of anger. In publicly funded nursing homes, octogenarians had higher suicide probability and anger scores compared to those in private nursing homes. CONCLUSION: The risk of suicide in octogenarians should be taken seriously. Factors such as gender, income level, and type of nursing home can influence this risk.
Turkish Version of the Psychotropic Related Sexual Dysfunction Questionnaire (PRSEXDQ-T): Validity and Reliability in Patients Using Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor.
Şafak Y, Kaya SNK, Tulaci RG
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070476 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Sexual dysfunctions (SD) are very common in patients with psychiatric disorders and may be due to the side effects of the disease or medications used. Current scales cannot distinguish whether SDs are due to p...
OBJECTIVE: Sexual dysfunctions (SD) are very common in patients with psychiatric disorders and may be due to the side effects of the disease or medications used. Current scales cannot distinguish whether SDs are due to psychiatric illness or medications use. The Psychotropic Associated Sexual Dysfunction Questionnaire (PRSexDQ) is a customized scale for screening SD due to drug use. Our aim is to conduct a validity and reliability study of PRSexDQ in patients using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). METHOD: One hundred patients who applied to psychiatry outpatient clinic and received SSRI treatment for at least 1 month were included in the study. These patients were evaluated by a psychiatrist, and completed the PRSexDQ-T, Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX), Golombok Rust Inventory Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS). RESULT: The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.906 for the analysis performed to evaluate the internal consistency of the PRSexDQ-T. In the item-total score analysis, the correlation of all items with the total score was found to be quite high (above 0.7). Correlation coefficients were found between 0.939 and 0.985, which was used to determine the test-retest correlation for each item, and all values were statistically significant (p<0.01). In the Pearson correlation analysis performed for validity analysis, a large positive correlation was found between PRSexDQ-T and ASEX and GRISS male-female total and subscale scores. CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of PRSexDQ is a valid and reliable measurement tool in the sample of patients using SSRIs to evaluate the level of sexual dysfunction.
Ukraıne, Crısıs And Mental Health Resources.
Keebayoon A, Sookaromdee P, Wiwanitkit V
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070475 · Full text
The current situation in Ukraine once more raised the issue on the management of mental health problems during war. Some experts have already proposed recommendations on this issue with specific reference to the present...
The current situation in Ukraine once more raised the issue on the management of mental health problems during war. Some experts have already proposed recommendations on this issue with specific reference to the present Ukraine crisis (Shevlin et al. 2022). We write this commentary in regards to this article to share experiences of the Indochina conflict. There has been very few published reports on the availability of mental health services in this conflict. (Jegannathan et al. 2015).
Hepatitis C Prevalence, HCV awareness and Certain Psychological Factors in Patients with Opioid Use Disorder.
Doğan O, Sunan YO, Duru F … +7 more , Kartepe G, Yarikkaya EE, Özsoy B, Öz G, Kahraman Ş, Tatli G, Öner H
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070474 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalance of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in patients with Opioid Use Disorder and to investigate both the sociodemographic and psychological differences between pat...
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalance of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in patients with Opioid Use Disorder and to investigate both the sociodemographic and psychological differences between patients with or without Hepatitis C Virus. METHOD: Blood samples were taken from patients diagnosed with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) who applied to Mersin Provincial Health Directorate Toros State Hospital Alcohol and Drug Addiction Treatment Center (AMATEM) between 01.09.2019-01.09.2020 and hepatitis virus markers, complete blood count and basic biochemistry were assessed. Sociodemographic Evaluation Form, Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Childhood Traumas Scale, Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT), Temps-A Temperament Scale, Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale were applied to 107 patients with HCV and 101 patients without HCV who were selected by systematic sampling and the findings obtained were compared. RESULTS: Of the 1190 patients diagnosed with Opioid Use Disorder, 340 (28.5%) were found to be HCV positive. 107 HCV-positive and 101 HCV- negative patients who were selected for comparison were similar in terms of sociodemographic characteristics. Among HCV positive patients, the rate of intravenous drug use and needle sharing were significantly higher (p<0.001, p<0.001). Overall duration of substance use and intravenous substance use were significantly higher in HCV positive patients (p=0.024 and p=0.017). Similarly, HCV positive group were significantly more likely (p<0.001) to have heard of HCV before and significantly more likely (p=0.009) to know that HCV causes cirrhosis and liver cancer. Regarding the scores of Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Childhood Traumas Scale, Substance Use Disorder Recognition Test, DUDIT, Temps -A Temperament Scales applied to HCV positive and HCV negative patients with Opioid Use Disorder, no difference was found. The scores of the 'Non-Acceptance' factor of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale were found to be significantly higher in HCV positive patients with Opioid Use Disorder (p=0.020). CONCLUSION: Patients diagnosed with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) have higher rates of HCV positivity compared to general public. Intravenous drug use significantly increases this risk. Half of HCV-positive patients were unaware that they have the virus and only a very small proportion received treatment. Therefore, examining each patient with OUD for HCV, treating positive patients in an effective referral system seems to be the an important step in the eradication of this disease in this population.
Psychological and Psychosocial Interventions in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.
Öncü BK, Inözü M
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070473 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is typically treated with medications however psychological and psychosocial interventions are recommended for symptoms that persist despite pharmacological trea...
OBJECTIVE: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is typically treated with medications however psychological and psychosocial interventions are recommended for symptoms that persist despite pharmacological treatment. This study aims to review randomized controlled trials focusing on the psychological and psychosocial interventions in the treatment of ADHD. METHOD: Eight databases were searched using keyword pairs "ADHD" and "therapy", "ADHD" and "psychological treatment", "ADHD" and "psychosocial treatment", "ADHD" and "CBT", "attention deficit" and "therapy", "attention deficit" and "psychological treatment", "attention deficit" and "psychosocial treatment", "attention deficit" and "CBT". The search was conducted at March 2022. RESULTS: Forty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 51% included the child and adolescent age group, 49% included the adult age. In 87% of these studies, psychosocial interventions, when implemented in addition to medication, resulted in significant improvements in ADHD symptoms. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the use of psychosocial interventions, in addition to medical approaches, makes significant contributions to the treatment of ADHD. There is a need for studies investigating the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in the treatment of ADHD in Turkiye.
A Psychopathological Reading of the Blood Sweat Phenomenon and Religious Stigmas: The Case of Blessed Elena Aiello.
Pérez-Fernández F, Peñaranda-Ortega M
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070472 · Full text
Around 300 cases of stigma have been described since the 13th century. Hematidrosis, hemolacria, bloody otorrhea, vicarious menstruation, and Gardner-Diamond syndrome are dermatological manifestations that are also obser...
Around 300 cases of stigma have been described since the 13th century. Hematidrosis, hemolacria, bloody otorrhea, vicarious menstruation, and Gardner-Diamond syndrome are dermatological manifestations that are also observed in cases of stigma. This paper presents the disconcerting circumstances in the life of the Blessed Elena Aiello. From 1923 until her death, she suffered severe hematidrosis blood sweating on her forehead, hands, feet and knees, just as stigmata appear at the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Stigmas, in Christian tradition, are marks corresponding to those left on Christ's body by the torture and the Crucifixion, it's said that are impressed on the person body by divine favor. These episodes, among the few recognised as authentic by the Catholic Church would appear each Friday in Lent, particularly on Good Friday. In this unique case study, doctors Fabrizio and Turano performed a medical study where the origin of the sores was unclear. Neurologist and psychiatrist Vincenzo Bianchi, on assessing the case, raised the possibility of simulation or mere suggestion on the part of the patient.
The Effect of Psychopathology and Cognitive Functions on Caregiver Burden in Patients with Schizophrenia.
Karahan A, Özmen ES, Arslan FC
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070471 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: The caregiver burden in the relatives of patients with schizophrenia increases mental health problems in patients, complicates coping with the illness for families, and adversely affects the course of the illn...
OBJECTIVE: The caregiver burden in the relatives of patients with schizophrenia increases mental health problems in patients, complicates coping with the illness for families, and adversely affects the course of the illness. This study aims to investigate the effects of patients' psychopathology severity and cognitive functions on caregiver burden. METHOD: Forty-four patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-5 and their primary caregivers were included in this cross- sectional descriptive study. The severity of the caregiver burden in the relatives of the patients was evaluated using the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS). Symptom severity of the patients was evaluated with the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Test, Trail Making Test (TMT), and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) were applied to assess the cognitive functions of the patients. RESULTS: The mean ZCBS score was 47.7±26.9 in the primary caregivers of the patients. There was a significant negative correlation between ZCBS and patients' education level, time since recent hospitalization, and RAVLT scores, and a significant positive correlation between TMT, Stroop Test, and SANS scores. CONCLUSION: To reduce the caregiver burden, psychosocial interventions for cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms involving patients and their families should be considered a priority.
The Relationship Between Impulse Control, Emotional and Cognitive Regulation Mechanisms and Heart Rate Variability.
Yakut G, Özden HC, Şener YZ … +4 more , Canpolat U, Özer N, Karakaya J, Demir B
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070470 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: The study aims to compare heart rate variability (HRV) in borderline personality disorder (BPD) with healthy individuals and to investigate the relationships between HRV parameters and impulsivity, emotion re...
OBJECTIVES: The study aims to compare heart rate variability (HRV) in borderline personality disorder (BPD) with healthy individuals and to investigate the relationships between HRV parameters and impulsivity, emotion regulation, and neurocognitive performances. METHOD: Twenty-one female patients with the diagnosis of BPD and twenty healthy women were enrolled in this study. All participants were assessed by a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders and the Minnesota Impulse Control Disorder Interview Scale. They were asked to fill out a sociodemographic information form, a Borderline Personality Inventory, the Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11, the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. The trial-making test, the Wisconsin card sorting test, the verbal fluency test, the Stroop test-TABG form, and the continuous performance test were applied. Holter recordings were taken from the participants at rest and while they watched emotion-evoking videos, and HRV parameters were calculated. RESULTS: While watching neutral and fear videos, the low-frequency band/ high-frequency band ratio (LF/HF) was found to be higher in the patient group compared to the control group, and no difference was found in the other parameters. A number of differences in terms of impulse control, affect regulation, and neurocognitive skills have been determined (p<0.05). However, there was no correlation between HRV and self-report scales and neurocognitive test scores. CONCLUSION: Contrary to our hypothesis, HRV is found to be similar between BPD patients and healthy subjects. HRV was not associated with impulse control, affect regulation or cognitive functions.
Effectiveness of 40-Session Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Tourette Syndrome: A 6-Month Follow-Up Case Report.
Tozoğlu EÖ, Gürbüzer N
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070469 · Full text
Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic. This case report presents a patient who did not respond adequately to pharmacotherapy, highlighting...
Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic. This case report presents a patient who did not respond adequately to pharmacotherapy, highlighting the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and the outcomes of longitudinal follow-up. The patient is a 25-year-old male with no history of other physical illnesses. His symptoms began 17 years ago with simple motor tics, which gradually progressed to include complex motor and vocal tics. Over time, he also developed irritability and a persistent sense of impending doom. Clinical evaluation led to diagnoses of Tourette Syndrome comorbid with generalized anxiety disorder. Pharmacological treatment included escitalopram (10 mg/day), followed sequentially by pimozide (4 mg/day), tetrabenazine (3*25 mg/day), and aripiprazole (10 mg/day). Pimozide and aripiprazole showed no effect on the tics, and tetrabenazine was discontinued due to intolerable gastrointestinal side effects. Escitalopram, which effectively managed the patient’s anxiety, was continued at 10 mg/day. The patient then underwent 40 sessions of rTMS over eight weeks, targeting the bilateral supplementary motor area. Each session consisted of 1 Hz stimulation at 110% of the resting motor threshold, delivering 1200 stimuli per day over 20 minutes, five days a week. Following the treatment, significant improvements were observed: a 75% reduction in the general functionality score and a 59.7% reduction in the total tic severity score. This report suggests that rTMS may be a promising alternative for TS patients with psychiatric comorbidities, particularly those who cannot tolerate medications or achieve sufficient symptom control through pharmacotherapy alone. Keywords: Tourette’s Syndrome, Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Supplementary Motor Area.
Factors Affecting Recidivism in Children Drawn into Crime.
Özbek MM, Atay E, Özbek TC … +3 more , Sevinçok D, Cansiz MA, Aydemir Ö
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070468 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Forensic psychiatry is an intersection where the fields of law and psychiatry perform joint functions. It is observed that children and adolescents are involved in forensic cases at significant rates both in o...
OBJECTIVE: Forensic psychiatry is an intersection where the fields of law and psychiatry perform joint functions. It is observed that children and adolescents are involved in forensic cases at significant rates both in our country and globally. This study aims to explore the differences between children drawn into crime and victims, as well as the factors influencing recidivism, by evaluating forensic cases over a three-year period. METHOD: This study evaluated the records of 232 patients, who met the study criteria and had detailed data, from a total of 257 forensic cases seen at the child psychiatry clinic between October 2020 and October 2023. RESULTS: Regression analysis was conducted to identify factors most strongly associated with recidivism. The following variables were found to be significantly related to repeat offending, independent of other factors: parental separation (b=1.607, Exp (b)=4.988, p=0.005), presence of drug use (b=2.255, Exp (b)=9.536, p=0.009), and a history of crime among first-degree relatives (b=3.279, Exp (b)=26.551, p<0.001). No significant differences were observed in psychiatric diagnoses between children with repeat offenses and those undergoing their initial forensic evaluations. CONCLUSION: Drug use, a history of crime in first-degree relatives, and parental separation were significant factors in the occurrence and continuation of criminal behavior. To address child crime—a pressing social issue—it is essential to investigate the factors contributing to recidivism. Future research should focus on larger, long-term studies that incorporate diverse cultural and regional characteristics to develop more effective prevention and intervention strategies.
UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale for Children: Turkish Adaptation, Reliability and Validity Study.
Tekeoğlu U, Çöp E, Avci H
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070467 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: In this study we aimed to examine the Turkish validity and reliability of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale for Children (UPPSP- C) and to investigate whether there is a relationship between the UPPSP- C sub...
OBJECTIVE: In this study we aimed to examine the Turkish validity and reliability of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale for Children (UPPSP- C) and to investigate whether there is a relationship between the UPPSP- C subscales and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). METHOD: A total of 575 children aged 10-14 years were included in the study. The clinical sample of the study consisted of 50 children with ADHD who had not received treatment for at least 1 month and 525 children living in Sinop as the community sample. In order to investigate the test-retest reliability, UPPS-P-C was re-administered to 50 different children selected from the community sample. RESULTS: Factor analysis displayed a five-factor model for the test. ‘Lack of premeditation’ and ‘Lack of perseverance’ had the highest ability to distinguish children with ADHD. The Cronbach α coefficient was found to be 0.894 for the UPPS-P-C. For the test-retest reliability of the UPPS-P-C, the correlation between the total and subscales of the two tests was examined using ICC, the Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient and Bland Altman graphs, and the reliability was good. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that the Turkish version of the UPPSP- C has good validity and reliability and is successful in screening for features related to impulsivity. It has been shown that the UPPS-P-C can be used for symptom profiling and severity assessment.
COVID-19 and Mania: A Case with a One-year Follow UP.
Yilmaz H
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070466 · Full text
COVID-19 may affect central nervous system. The symptoms related to the CNS may occur through the direct neuroinvasion of the virus, inflammation, autoimmunity, psychosocial stressors and treatment side effects. COVID-19...
COVID-19 may affect central nervous system. The symptoms related to the CNS may occur through the direct neuroinvasion of the virus, inflammation, autoimmunity, psychosocial stressors and treatment side effects. COVID-19 can increase the severity of existing mental illnesses and also trigger the onset of a new mental illness. In this case report, we present a 52-year-old male patient with no previous psychiatric history as well as no family history of mental illness. The patient's manic symptoms began while he was hospitalized due to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The patient, who self-discharged himself from the hospital was brought to the emergency department involuntarily by his relatives 14 days later and was admitted to the psychiatry service. In this case report, possible etiological factors were discussed and the treatment course during the hospitalization and one year follow-up were presented. Our aim is to contribute to the literature by discussing possible etiological factors and management of mania that started during the treatment of COVID-19. COVID-19 can affect the central nervous system and be associated with psychiatric symptoms. Keywords: COVID-19, Mania, Bipolar Disorder, Central Nervous System.
Comparison of Attachment Styles of Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder and Individuals with Obesity.
Acidere AB, Asan Ö, Şahiner ŞY … +2 more , Şahiner İV, Göka E
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070465 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to identify the attachment style displayed by obese individuals and to compare it with the attachment style of individuals diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD) and a healthy contro...
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to identify the attachment style displayed by obese individuals and to compare it with the attachment style of individuals diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD) and a healthy control group. METHOD: A total of 201 participants were included in the study, consisting of 66 individuals diagnosed with obesity, 62 diagnosed with OUD and 73 healthy controls. Sociodemographic Data Form and Adult Attachment Style Scale were administered to all participants, the Addiction Profile Index (API) was administered to participants diagnosed with OUD and the Yale Food Addiction Scale was administered to those diagnosed with obesity. RESULTS: The results of the study revealed that the attachment styles of individuals diagnosed with obesity showed a similar distribution to those diagnosed with OUD, and the distribution of attachment styles in both groups was found to be different from that of the healthy control group. The mean scores for ambivalent/anxious attachment style and secure attachment style were found to be similar for the obesity group and the OUD group, while the OUD group had significantly higher avoidant attachment score. The avoidant attachment style score of OUD group increase as the severity of dependency increases. Additionally, 42.4% of the group was found to be food addicted, and in this group, the mean scores for ambivalent/anxious attachment style were found to be significantly higher. CONCLUSION: In the study, significant similarities were obtained in terms of attachment styles among participants diagnosed with obesity and OUD. The differentiation of these similarities from the control group has increased the strength of the study.
Conceptualization of Grazing: The Psychometric Properties of The Repetitive Eating Questionnaire (Rep[eat]-Q) Turkish Form.
Şendağ MA, Tiğrak A, Şimşek DÖ
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070464 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Grazing, defined as the unplanned and repetitive consumption of small or moderate amounts of food without feeling hungry, has been particulary investigated in relation to insufficient weight loss or early weig...
OBJECTIVE: Grazing, defined as the unplanned and repetitive consumption of small or moderate amounts of food without feeling hungry, has been particulary investigated in relation to insufficient weight loss or early weight regain following bariatric surgery in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish form of the Repetitive Eating Scale (Rep[eat]-Q), which assesses grazing within a standardized framework. METHOD: The sample of the study consisted of a total of 491 adults, including 334 females and 157 males, with ages ranging from 17 to 62 participated in the study. The data were collected using the Rep[eat]-Q Turkish Form, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21), CES-D Depression Scale (CES-D), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7). RESULTS: Results of the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the structure of the Rep[eat]-Q Turkish Form aligns with the original form, indicating that the scale consists of two factors named Compulsive Grazing (CG) and Repetitive Eating (RE). The internal consistency coefficients were found to be 0.93 for the total scale score, 0.91 for the RE subscale, and 0.88 for the CG subscale. The test-retest reliability ranged from 0.73 to 0.83 (p<0.001). It was found that the total score of the Rep(eat)-Q is strongly positively correlated with Emotional Eating and Uncontrolled Eating subscales of the TFEQ-R21, and moderately positively correlated with the CES-D (depression) and the GAD-7 (anxiety). CONCLUSION: The findings of the study demonstrated that the Turkish version of the Rep(eat)-Q is a reliable and valid measure to assess grazing.
Myths Regarding Gender Differences in Eating Disorders in Adolescents.
Yildirim ABE, Gündoğdu Ü, Eroğlu M
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070463 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Factors predicting eating disorder (ED) may vary among genders. This study investigated the gender specific influence of adolescents' social media use, body perception, depression and anxiety symptoms on eatin...
OBJECTIVE: Factors predicting eating disorder (ED) may vary among genders. This study investigated the gender specific influence of adolescents' social media use, body perception, depression and anxiety symptoms on eating disorder risk. METHOD: The sample consisted of 183 adolescents aged 14 to 18 years (mean: 115.65±0.89). Sociodemographic information and data from the, Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Social Media Attitude Scale (SMAS), Eating Disorder Examination Scale (EDES), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders Child Version (SCARED), and Body Cathexis Scale (BCS) were collected. RESULTS: In this study, women have higher scores in SCARED (p<0.001), and lower scores in social competence subscale of SMAS (p=0.008) in comparison to men. Adolescents at risk for eating attitudes had higher scores in the CDI, the BCS, and the SMAS-Social Competence subscale, while adolescents at risk for eating disorder had higher scores in all scales except the SMAS-Relationship with Teachers subscale. Although depression and body perception influence women's' eating attitudes directly, social media revealed its effect on ED by the mediation of depressive symptoms. In men, social isolation, anxiety, and depression directly predicts ED, while social media enhanced the risk of ED by aggravating anxiety. CONCLUSION: It is important to know the factors that influence the risk of ED in terms of gender, and effectively address adolescence's psychological and medical burden.
The Relationship Between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Coping Styles, Reasons for Drinking, Craving and Remission in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder.
Parlak ER, Ünübol B, Beştepe EE
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070462 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a serious mental disorder that affects the individual, family, environment and society as a whole. In this study, we aimed to analyze the relationship between early maladaptive sc...
OBJECTIVE: Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a serious mental disorder that affects the individual, family, environment and society as a whole. In this study, we aimed to analyze the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and coping styles, with craving, reasons for consumption and finally remission history. METHOD: This is a cross sectional study. We included 90 Erenköy Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital AMATEM patients with AUD according to DSM-5. AUD diagnosis is confirmed by SCID-5 CV. Subjects with additional psychiatric conditions are excluded. Subjects without withdrawal symptoms by CIWA-Ar are included. Sociodemographic data form, Young Schema Questionnaire Short form-3, Young Rygh Avoidance Inventory, Young Compensation Inventory, Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised, Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale was applied. RESULTS: Our findings show that male subjects who have early maladaptive schemas, especially in Impaired autonomy and performance; Failure, Disconnection and rejection; Social İsolation/alienation, Impaired Limits; Insufficient Self-Control/Self-Discipline domains, experience more cravings. Individuals coping with the Psychosomatism, Activity and Distraction, and Rebellion schemes experienced more craving. Those who coped with 'schema avoidance' tended towards alcohol consumption with Coping Motivation, and those who coped with 'schema compensation' with Impact Enhancement and Social motivations. There was no significant difference between the scores of the scales and the craving levels between the groups with and without a history of permanent remission. CONCLUSION: The data in our study showed that early maladaptive schemas and ways of coping with schemas are associated with craving. In the early stages of treatment, it is important to consider cognitive intervention focused on schemas and coping styles.
Adaptation of the Short-form 6-item UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-6) into Turkish.
Elbi H, Çetinkaya A, Ulaş SC … +2 more , Atay E, Aydemir Ö
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070461 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: The short-form 6-item UCLA Loneliness Scale is a brief assessment scale developed to determine the level of loneliness from a one-dimensional perspective while preserving psychometric properties equivalent to...
OBJECTIVE: The short-form 6-item UCLA Loneliness Scale is a brief assessment scale developed to determine the level of loneliness from a one-dimensional perspective while preserving psychometric properties equivalent to the original 20-item version. This study aimed to adapt the short-form 6-item UCLA Loneliness Scale into Turkish and to analyze its validity and reliability. METHOD: The convenience sampling method was preferred for this methodological study, in which 411 clinical and non-clinical individuals were included. The clinical group included 41 patients with major depressive disorders attending the psychiatric outpatient ward. The study's data were collected with the Descriptive Information Form, short-form 6-item UCLA Loneliness Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Beck Depression Inventory, and Trait Anxiety (A-Trait) Scale. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha value of the UCLA Loneliness Scale-6 Item Short Form was calculated as 0.884, and the scale's internal consistency level was quite high. For the UCLA Loneliness Scale-6 Item Short Form, the variability level of the items constituting the one-dimensional structure produced from the explanatory factor analysis was 63.411%, and it could distinguish patients with descriptive features and clinical diagnosis (p<0.05). The scores of the UCLA Loneliness Scale-6 Item Short Form and other scales assessing loneliness showed a significant correlation (r=-0.476 - 0.618). CONCLUSION: The short-form 6-item UCLA Loneliness Scale is a simple, easy-to-apply, reliable, and valid scale that can be used in studies assessing loneliness.
On the 'Hallucinations' of Artificial Intelligence and the Hallucination Experience in Human.
Guliyev EI, Üçok A
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2024 · PMID 39783808 · Full text
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Improving Psychiatry Services with Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities and Challenges.
Balli M, Doğan AE, Eser HY
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2024 · PMID 39783807 · Full text
Mental disorders are a critical global public health problem due to their increasing prevalence, rising costs, and significant economic burden. Despite efforts to increase the mental health workforce in Türkiye, there is...
Mental disorders are a critical global public health problem due to their increasing prevalence, rising costs, and significant economic burden. Despite efforts to increase the mental health workforce in Türkiye, there is a significant shortage of psychiatrists, limiting the quality and accessibility of mental health services. This review examines the potential of artificial intelligence (AI), especially large language models, to transform psychiatric care in the world and in Türkiye. AI technologies, including machine learning and deep learning, offer innovative solutions for the diagnosis, personalization of treatment, and monitoring of mental disorders using a variety of data sources, such as speech patterns, neuroimaging, and behavioral measures. Although AI has shown promising capabilities in improving diagnostic accuracy and access to mental health services, challenges such as algorithmic biases, data privacy concerns, ethical implications, and the confabulation phenomenon of large language models prevent the full implementation of AI in practice. The review highlights the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to develop culturally and linguistically adapted AI tools, particularly in the Turkish context, and suggests strategies such as fine-tuning, retrieval-augmented generation, and reinforcement learning from human feedback to increase AI reliability. Advances suggest that AI can improve mental health care by increasing diagnostic accuracy and accessibility while preserving the essential human elements of medical care. Current limitations need to be addressed through rigorous research and ethical frameworks for effective and equitable integration of AI into mental health care. Keywords: Artificial İntelligence, Health, Large Language Model, Machine Learning, Psychiatry.
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