Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi = Turkish Journal Of Psychiatry[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale: Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Form.
Pirdoğan Aydin E, Güler Kenar J, Altunay İK … +3 more , Deniz F, Özer ÖA, Karamustafalioğlu KO
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2023 · PMID 36970956 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze the validity and reliability of the Turkish form of Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale (MGH-HPS), which is used to measure the severity of Trichotillomania (TT...
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze the validity and reliability of the Turkish form of Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale (MGH-HPS), which is used to measure the severity of Trichotillomania (TTM). METHODS: Fifty patients diagnosed with TTM according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria and fifty healthy controls participated in the study. The participants were asked to complete a sociodemographic questionnaire, the MGH-HPS-TR, the Clinical Global Impression (CGI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). The construct validity and the criterion validity of the MGH-HPS-TR were determined by means of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), respectively. The reliability analysis of the MGH-HPS-TR was assessed by calculating the Cronbach's α coefficient and the item total correlation coefficient. The values for the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were based on the ROC analysis. RESULTS: AFA and CFA results indicated a single factor structure with 7 items explaining 82.5% of the variance. The item/factor loadings were satisfactory with the best fit indeces. Correlations were found between the scores on the MGH-HPS-TR and the other scales used for criterion validity analyses. The internal consistency and the item-total correlation coefficients of the scale were found to be satisfactory. Based on a cut of point of ≥ 9, the scale had high power for discriminating between the patient and the control groups and high sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the MGH-HPS-TR can be used as a valid and reliable psychometric tool in Turkey.
Healing to Heal - After the Maraş Earthquake.
Ayhan Y
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2023 · PMID 36970955 · Full text
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A COLLABORATIVE, INTEGRATIVE MENTAL HEALTH APPROACH: "THE STEPPED CARE MODEL.
Hallaç S, Kaya B
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2022 · PMID 36592109 · Publisher ↗
Dear Editor, In this paper, it is aimed to raise awareness about the stepped care model as an approach in the organization of mental health services related to the protection, development, care and treatment of mental he...
Dear Editor, In this paper, it is aimed to raise awareness about the stepped care model as an approach in the organization of mental health services related to the protection, development, care and treatment of mental health. Concerning mental health, World Health Organization emphasizes that "Mental Health is more than mental disorders. It is a state of well-being that includes using one's own abilities, self-realization, coping with the stresses in the natural flow of life, learning to be well and trying to heal, working efficiently and contributing to the society in which they live." (World Health Organization 2022a). It has been reported that the disease burden of common mental disorders (depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychoactive substance use disorders, suicide, etc.) is gradually increasing (World Health Organization 2021). Especially in the last century, the importance and seriousness of endemic and pandemic events (HIV, SARS virus, and still continuing Covid-19, etc.) or non-communicable diseases (cancer, heart diseases, diabetes, etc.), climate changes, economic, socio-political dynamics and wars are noteworthy as a predisposition and/or precipitating factors in terms of mental health (World Health Organization 2022a, World Health Organization 2022b). Protection and improvement of mental health, together with individual, social, and structural mental health determinants, predict interventions that reduce risks, increase resilience, and create a supportive environment for mental health. These interventions are recommended to be designed individually, in a way to be disseminated to special groups across the community. Globally, one person dies by suicide every 40 seconds, and more than 18 million health workers are needed in terms of human resources.
Revisiting Jerusalem Syndrome: A Case Displaying Similar Symptoms to Jerusalem Syndrome During Mecca Visit.
Şahin F, Candansayar S, Geniş B
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2022 · PMID 36592108 · Publisher ↗
Jerusalem syndrome is a mental illness rarely seen in people who visit Jerusalem, manifests itself with obsessive religious thoughts, delusions, psychotic symptoms, and some characteristic features. In clinical practice,...
Jerusalem syndrome is a mental illness rarely seen in people who visit Jerusalem, manifests itself with obsessive religious thoughts, delusions, psychotic symptoms, and some characteristic features. In clinical practice, it's uncommon to encounter patients displaying symptoms of the Jerusalem syndrome. In this paper, we report a case of a middle-aged woman who manifested psychiatric symptoms similar to the Jerusalem syndrome after a Mecca visit without any previous psychiatric history. After careful examination, religious delusions, auditory and visual hallucinations, racing thoughts, disorganized speech, and confusion were denoted, therefore the patient was hospitalized. Brain imaging and laboratory examination was unremarkable. After nine days of antipsychotic treatment, the patient's symptoms completely dissolved, and she was discharged. Antipsychotic treatment was ceased entirely after two months. The patient and her family members reported that the patient was symptom-free for the following two years. Keywords: Brief reactive psychosis, religion, travel, differential diagnosis.
Mild Behavioral Impairment: A New Prodromal Syndrome for Dementia.
Aytulun A, Aki ŞÖE
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2022 · PMID 36592107 · Publisher ↗
In this review, it is aimed to discuss neuropsychiatric symptoms as prodromal symptoms of dementia syndromes, to define the concept of 'Mild Behavioral Impairment', and to introduce the 'Mild Behavioral Impairment Checkl...
In this review, it is aimed to discuss neuropsychiatric symptoms as prodromal symptoms of dementia syndromes, to define the concept of 'Mild Behavioral Impairment', and to introduce the 'Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist'. Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) represent non-cognitive symptoms and behaviors in dementia patients. The frequency of NPS accompanying dementia increases as the disease progresses. Studies reveal that NPS are seen in patients with dementia as well as in the elderly without cognitive complaints, individuals with subjective cognitive complaints, and individuals diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment. Based on these findings, identifying and detecting these symptoms were thought to be useful in predicting the development of dementia in cases where cognitive symptoms have not yet appeared. 'Mild Behavioral Impairment' was first defined by Taragano and Allegri, and it was introduced as a concept that includes neurobehavioral symptoms seen in elderly people for at least 6 months and that do not meet the diagnostic criteria of any other psychiatric syndrome. Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI-C) has been developed recently which consists of 34 questions including apathy, mood, impulse dyscontrol, social inappropriateness, abnormal thinking, and perception. Studies on the neurobiological basis of these sub-domains and their relationship with biomarkers gained momentum with the definition of the concept and the development of MBI-C. However, the concept is still very new and it is possible for people to be over-diagnosed and to face the risk of stigmatization during the evaluation. Therefore, studies with large samples are needed. Demonstrating the validity of this concept will also serve the purpose of identifying the subjects with a neurodegenerative disease without any cognitive complaints yet at a very early stage in clinical studies. Keywords: Mild behavioral impairment, neuropsychiatric symptoms, prodromal dementia.
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire.
Erdoğan Ş, Üçpunar HK, Tavat BC
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2022 · PMID 36592106 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) has been widely used to determine chronotype. The Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) was developed as an alternative measurement tool to the MEQ, focusing on...
OBJECTIVE: The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) has been widely used to determine chronotype. The Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) was developed as an alternative measurement tool to the MEQ, focusing on different sleep behaviors on work and free days. The aim of this study was to adapt the MCTQ to the Turkish language and to validate the questionnaire on young and healthy adult members of the Turkish population. METHOD: This study was conducted with total of 214 (161 Female, 53 Male) healthy young adult volunteers between the ages of 18-30 (M=20.72, SD=2.33) from Hacettepe University. After adaptation to the Turkish language to form the MCTQ-TR, the psychometric properties were compared with the MEQ-TR. The test retest reliability of the MCTQ-TR was investigated on 25 participants (19 Female, 6 Male), 4 months after the first application. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability coefficient of the MCTQ-TR was calculated as r=0.643 (p<0.05). The validity and reliability results indicated a negative and statistically significant correlation between the MEQ-TR and MCTQ-TR scores (r=-0.627; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The MCTQ-TR is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to determine chronotype in healthy Turkish young adult population.
Validity and Reliability Study of Turkish Forms of the Quality of Relationships Inventory-Bereavement Version and the Bereavement Guilt Scale.
Keser E, Karci YA, Danişman IG
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2022 · PMID 36592105 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish forms (TR) of the Quality of Relationships Inventory-Bereavement Version (QRI-B) and the Bereavement Guilt Scale (BGS). METHO...
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish forms (TR) of the Quality of Relationships Inventory-Bereavement Version (QRI-B) and the Bereavement Guilt Scale (BGS). METHOD: The sample consisted of 447 bereaved adults who lost a loved one due to death at least 6 months ago and within the past 5 years. Participants completed the QRI-B, BGS, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Prolonged Grief Inventory (PG-13), The Grief and Meaning Reconstruction Inventory (GMRI), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSS) ve Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS). RESULTS: Results of the explanatory factor analysis showed a good fit between the BGS-TR and the original form of BGS consisting of a 5-factor and 14 items. Besides, the QRI-B-TR showed a similar fit with the original QRI-B consisting of a 2-factor and 13 items, except for item 1. The QRI-B-TR and BGS-TR had positive correlations with the PGI and BDI, and negative correlations with the RSS, LSS, and GMRI-growth subscale. These correlations supported the convergent validity. After controlling for demographic variables, the subscales of the QRI-B-TR and BGS-TR explained 49% of the variance in prolonged grief symptoms. Internal consistency values of the total scale and the subscales for both instruments ranged between 0.70 and 0.94. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study demonstrated that the Turkish versions of the QRI-B-TR and BGS-TR were reliable and valid psychometric tools. Additionally, it was shown that quality of pre-death relation and grief related guilt were strong predictors of prolonged grief symptoms.
PsiNorm: A fast, efficient and free open-source software for interpreting, reporting and archiving neuropsychological test results.
Ayhan Y, Akbulut BB, Şişman AH … +1 more , Velibaşoğlu B
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2022 · PMID 36592104 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: In many clinics, calculation and interpretation of neuropsychological test results, along with reporting, data organization and archiving of the data are done manually. In this era where most of the similar pr...
OBJECTIVE: In many clinics, calculation and interpretation of neuropsychological test results, along with reporting, data organization and archiving of the data are done manually. In this era where most of the similar processes are automated, manual application may result in excessive time consumption, unnecessary use of qualified work-force, and is also open to error. A software that automates these processes for neuropsychological tests used for dementia assessment may overcome these issues. METHOD: We aimed to develop a free, open source software not requiring specialized training, which would optimise the calculation, preparation of personal reports and archiving processes of neuropsychological tests, hence would easily be incorporated in to the daily work of psychologists. We've used Python 3.6 as the programming language, and JSON was used as the data interchange format to allow for personal alterations in the content. The tests were selected among those which are in common use for neuropsychological evaluation of adults in Turkey, with available norm values. (Funding: TUBITAK 214S048). RESULTS: PsiNorm was developed, comprising widely used standardized tests for cognitive evaluation of adults in Turkey. The software is lightweight, compatible with most common operating systems, and easy-to-use. We've shown that Psinorm significantly reduced the time required for calculation of percentiles and norms as well as for producing a draft report. The reports are prepared in .txt format and the databases are prepared in MS Excel ve CSV formats. PsiNorm is available freely at psinorm.org. CONCLUSION: PsiNorm is a free, open-source software which is available for researchers and clinicians who perform neuropsychological tests. PsiNorm provides significant time and labor-force benefits, is easy-touse and can be customized by the user.
The Use of Pesticides in Suicide Attempts in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey.
Nazlican E, Mete B, Dişel NR … +1 more , Tamam L
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2022 · PMID 36592103 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: In parallel with common usage areas, pesticide poisonings are encountered in the community due to reasons such as no wearing of protective clothing and masks during use, unintentional consumption and suicide-i...
OBJECTIVE: In parallel with common usage areas, pesticide poisonings are encountered in the community due to reasons such as no wearing of protective clothing and masks during use, unintentional consumption and suicide-intended intake. In this study was aimed to examine the cases who applied to the emergency department with pesticide poisoning and share of suicide cases. METHOD: This study is a retrospective record study based on the files of 234 patients who reported to the emergency department for pesticide and rodenticide poisoning between 2014 and 2018. The patients were compared in terms of sociodemographic, substance type, prognosis, and accident/suicide status. Chi-square test, Binary logistic regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data. RESULTS: Organophosphates was the most common substance recorded as a cause of poisoning, while rat poison placed second. 38% of the acute poisoning cases were suicide attempts. Poisoning among men was found to be prominently due to accident whiles among women suicidal poisoning was more prominent. While the mortality rate is 4.7% in all acute intoxication cases, the mortality rate in poisonings with suicidal purposes is 5.6%. Patients with psychiatric diseases have a 28-fold higher risk of intoxication of attempting suicide. The most common comorbid psychiatric disorders in acute pesticide poisoning are anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION: A major proportion of pesticide poisoning cases is suicide attempts. Suicide attempt is at the forefront in women and death rates are higher in people with psychiatric illness. It may be advisable to avoid the easy accessibility of pesticides.
How Do Cannabis and Synthetic Cannabinoids Affect Neurocognitive Functions?
Söyler HÇ, Altintoprak AE, Aldemir EÖ
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2022 · PMID 36592102 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: In this study, the losses of neurocognitive function caused by the use of cannabis and synthetic cannabinoid were studied on specific cognitive areas (attention and working memory, executive functions, visuosp...
OBJECTIVE: In this study, the losses of neurocognitive function caused by the use of cannabis and synthetic cannabinoid were studied on specific cognitive areas (attention and working memory, executive functions, visuospatial perception, learning and memory, planning and problem solving, word naming) and were described in comparision with healthy controls (control group). METHOD: In this study, while 52 participants who applied to Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Mental Health and Mental Disorders Drug Addiction Treatment Center Clinic between March 2015 - February 2017 and used cannabis at least for one year in the past and 51 participants who used synthetic cannabinoids for at least one year in the past were participant groups with a history of substance use; 57 staff/student of Ege University with no history of any substance use were participants of the control group. The research sample consisted of 160 participants. The sample group consisted of 160 men aged 18-35, and also 16 participants aged 36-54 were involved in the study in order to observe neuropsychological functions that changed with age. Stroop Test for attention area, Raven Standart Progressive Matrices Test for executive functions area, Line Orientation Test and Cancellation Test for visuospatial perception area, Serial Digit Learning Test and Öktem Verbal Memory Progresses Scale for learning and memory area, The Tower of London Test for planning and problem solving skill, Boston Naming Test for word naming area were used. RESULTS: In this study, while the lowest perfomance on the ability of focused attention, visuospatial cognition, visual scanning, orientation, sustained attention, general ability, short-term memory, learning, long-term memory, word naming was shown by the participants with a history of synthetic cannabis use, the participants with a history of cannabis use had the lowest performance on the ability of response rate, perseveration, conceptualizing, abstract thinking, changing sets, recognition. Participants' history of substance use did not affect the ability of planning and problem solving. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study suggests that the addition of cognitive rehabilitation programs to medical and psychosocial improvement studies carried out in the field of addiction will increase the success.
Comparison of Formal Thought Disorder in the Acute Episode of Schizophrenia and Manic Episode of Bipolar Affective Disorder.
Mutlu E, Gürkan Ş, Göka E … +1 more , Yağcioğlu AEA
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2022 · PMID 36592101 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the formal thought disorder (FTD) in the acute episode of schizophrenia (SCHZ) and bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), and to determine the FTD dimensions associated with BP...
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the formal thought disorder (FTD) in the acute episode of schizophrenia (SCHZ) and bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), and to determine the FTD dimensions associated with BPAD. METHOD: The study included a total of 34 SCHZ patients not meeting the standardized remission criteria and 20 patients in BPAD manic episode. The patients completed the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Thought and Language Disorder Scale (TALD) in order to assess FTD. The association of FTD with the diagnoses was analyzed by a logistic regression model including the TALD factors and the SCHZ and BPAD groups. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were not determined between the demographic features, the CGI scores and the TALD objective positive factor scores of the SCHZ and BPAD groups. The objective negative and subjective negative factors (p<0.001 for all) were higher in SCHZ group and the subjective positive factor were significantly higher in BPAD group (p=0.028). In the logistic regression model, the TALD subjective positive factor was associated with BPAD diagnosis, and the objective negative factor was associated with SCHZ diagnosis. In the BPAD group, the TALD total score correlated positively with the manic episode severity, and the scores on the subjective negative and subjective positive factors correlated negatively with disease duration. CONCLUSION: The study results show that FTD is common to the acute episodes of both SCHZ and BPAD and that assessment of the subjective positive FTD symptoms and objective negative FTD symptoms may be useful to differentiate the acute episode of SCHZ from the BPAD manic episode.
[Retrospection].
Ertuğrul A
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2022 · PMID 36592100 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
DSM-5 TÜRKÇE ÇEVİRİYE BİR KISMİ ELEŞTİRİ.
Özdemir O
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2022 · PMID 36148574 · Publisher ↗
Sayın Editör, Bu yazıda amaç Türkçe DSM-5 için daha akıcı ve anlaşılabilir ortak bir dil oluşturma çabasıdır. Yöntem: DSM-5'in ya da DSM'nin 5. baskısının Türkçe ve İngilizce baskıları karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu yazıda ana...
Sayın Editör, Bu yazıda amaç Türkçe DSM-5 için daha akıcı ve anlaşılabilir ortak bir dil oluşturma çabasıdır. Yöntem: DSM-5'in ya da DSM'nin 5. baskısının Türkçe ve İngilizce baskıları karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu yazıda ana bölüm 2'ye kadar olan kısım incelenmiştir. Kurum eleştirisi: DSM-5 Türkçe çevirisinin eleştirilebilecek noktalarının olması özel bir yayıncılık tarafından çevrilmesinin etkisi olabilir. Bir kişinin özel çabasının üzerinde bir organizasyon gerektirdiği düşünülmektedir. Çeviriyi Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği görev grupları ve çalışma birimleri yapabilir veya en azından çeviriye dahil edilebilirdi" şeklinde yazmak daha uygun olabilir. Hâkim dil eleştirisi: Çeviride hâkim olan Türkçenin tıbbi Türkçe mi yoksa edebi Türkçe mi eski Türkçe veya Osmanlıca Türkçesinin mi modern Türkçenin mi hâkim olduğu anlaşılamamaktadır. Aslında bu sorunun cevabı bellidir. DSM- 5 medikal model eksenli bir kitaptır (American Psychiatric Association 2013) ve çevirisinin de tıbbi eksenli olması beklenir. DSM-5 İngilizce ön sözünde biyolojik, psikodinamik, bilişsel, davranışsal, kişiler arası gibi farklı alanlarda çalışan klinisyenler ve araştırmacılar için çeşitlilik gösteren resmi bir dil kullanıldığı ifade edilmektedir. İşte Türkçe çevirinin ortak resmi bir dil yerine kaynağı belirsiz tek bir görüşü temsil ettiği düşünülmektedir. DSM-5 TÜRKÇE ÇEVİRİYE BİR KISMİ ELEŞTİRİ Muhatap eleştirisi: DSM-5 kitabının muhatapları bellidir. DSM-5'in İngilizce ön sözünde kitabın klinisyenler, eğiticiler ve araştırmacılar için bu alanda bir başvuru kaynağı olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Türkiye için başta psikiyatri uzmanları olmak üzere bu alanda çalışan diğer meslek gruplarıdır. Fakat DSM-5'in Türkçe çevirisinin kullanılan dil açısından hangi meslek grubuna hitap ettiği net olarak anlaşılamamaktadır. Profesyonel çalışanlardan ziyade edebiyata ya da eski Türkçeye meraklı bir grubu hedef aldığı izlenimi oluşmaktadır. Başlık eleştirisi: Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği 2013. Burada istatistik kavramı sayımsal olarak çevrilmiş. Dilde akıcılık ve uyum göz önünde bulundurulduğunda güzel görünse de anlamın oturmadığı söylenebilir. Kitabın uzun halinin başlığı da kısa hali gibi "DSM-5 Tanı Ölçütleri Başvuru El Kitabı" olabilirdi. Ön söz eleştirisi: Kitaba bir Türkçe çeviri ön sözü eklenebilirdi. Ön sözde öncelikle editörün DSM-5 hakkındaki genel görüşleri veya DSM-5 anlayışı değerlendirilebilirdi. Sonra Türkçe çeviri çalışmalarından bahsedilebilirdi. Nasıl bir yöntem uygulandığı, anahtar veya tartışmalı kelimelerin yerine hangi Türkçe kelimelerin neden tercih edildiği anlatılabilirdi. Eksik yerler: İngilizce baskıda bulunan DSM-5 görev timinin (Task Force) başkan ve başkan yardımcısının isimlerini taşıyan (Preface) Ön söz bölümü Türkçeye çevrilmemiştir. Ayrıca DSM-5'in hazırlanma süreçlerini anlatan (Introduction) Giriş bölümü de Türkçe baskıda bulunmamaktadır. Türkçe çeviri bu noktada eksik veya ihmal edilmiş şekilde tanımlanabilir. Nitekim Giriş bölümünde DSM-5 revizyon süreci, revizyonlar için öneriler, uzman görüşleri, organizasyon yapısı, tanılara boyutsal yaklaşım, diğer türlü sınıflandırılan (other specified) ve sınıflandırılamayan (unspecified) tanılar ve eksenler (eksen 1,2,3,4,5) yaklaşımı gibi birçok önemli alt başlıklar bulunmaktadır. Yine DSM-5'in adli durumlarda kullanımı 221 için uyarılar başlıklı alan eksik yerler arasında bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca Bu elkitabının Kulanımı bölümünün Giriş'den bahseden ilk iki cümlesi Türkçe çeviride bulunmamaktadır. Ek olarak üçüncü paragraf 4. satırda yer alan "daha önce girişte belirtilediği gibi" ifadesi de Türkçe çeviride yer almamaktadır. Bu örneklerden ana kitabın bazı kısımlarının hem Türkçeye çevrilmediği hem de çevrilmediğinin belirtilmediği görülmektedir. Burada çevirmenlerin inisiyatif aldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Ama eğer bir inisiyatif alınacaksa bunun ancak dili çevirmede, cümlelerin anlaşılmasında, daha uygun kelimelerin tercih edilmesinde kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir. Çeviri eleştirisi: Türkçe çeviriden alınan yerler sayfa numarası ve paragraf (x;y) şeklinde belirtilerek italik yapılmıştır. İncelenecek ifadeler altı çizilerek gösterilmiştir. Acil serviste, özel bir bölümde yer alan en önde gelen belirtiler vurgulanabilir (örn. sanrılar, mâni, depresyon, madde esrikliği ya da nörobilişsel belirtiler), dolayısıyla tam bir ayırıcı tanı yapılana dek bu kapsamda 'tanımlanmamış' bozukluk tanısı konabilir (Ivi;1). Cümle ilk okunduğunda "acil serviste" ifadesinden sonra "özel bir bölümde" ifadesi başka servisler (örneğin dahiliye) şeklinde anlaşılabilir. Halbuki "a particular chapter" (özel bir bölüm), DSM'de geçen "ilgili tanı bölümü" anlamında kullanılmaktadır. Türkçe çeviride "particular" sözlük anlamında kullanıldığı, cümledeki bütünlüğün yakalanmadığı, gerek alanında gerekse dil konusunda yetkin biri tarafından çevrilmediği izlenimi oluşmaktadır. Aşağıdaki örnekler bu görüşü desteklemektedir. Ruhsal bozukluk, ruhsal işlevselliğin altında yatan ruhsal, biyolojiyle ilgili ya da gelişimsel süreçlerde işlevsellikte bir bozulma olduğunu gösteren, kişinin biliş, duygu düzenlemesi ve davranışlarında klinik açıdan belirgin bir bozukluk olmasıyla belirli bir sendromdur (Ivi;3). Aynı kelime ardışık olarak üç kez tekrarlanmıştır. Esas baskıda "mental" sözcüğü biri cümlenin başında diğeri sonunda olmak üzere iki kez kullanılmıştır. DSM-5'te, herhangi tek bir bozuklukA için bugünkü tanı ölçütlerinin, bütün bu doğrulayıcılarlaB güvenli bir biçimde belirlenebilen türdeşC bir hasta kümesini göstermesi gerekmediğini biliyoruz. Bugünkü kanıtlar, bu doğrulayıcıların tanısal sınırlar arasında çapraz varlığınıD göstermekle birlikte, daha büyük bir sıklıkla DSM-5 bölümleri içinde ve bitişik bölümler arasında toplanma eğilimi içinde olduklarını göstermektedir. Özgül bozukluklar ya da bozukluk açılımlarınıE tam doğrulayan, kesin nedensel ya da patofizyolojiyi ilgilendiren düzenekler belirlenmediği sürece, DSM-5 bozukluk ölçütleri için en temel ölçü, bunların söz konusu tanı ölçütleri altında değerlendirilen kişilerin klinik gidişinin ve tedaviye alınan yanıtın değerlendirilmesinde sağladığı klinik yararlıktırF (Ivi;3). Bu uzun alıntıda ne anlatıldığı tam olarak anlaşılamamaktadır. İngilizce baskı okunduğunda da özellikle bilimsel açıdan anlaşılmasının zor bir yer olduğu görülmektedir. Aslında buranın DSM-5'in temel felsefesinin anlatıldığı can alıcı bir yer olduğu söylenebilir. Konunun uzmanları tarafından üzerinde çalışılması, tartışılması ve belki dipnot eklenmesi gereken alanın aşağıda daha ayrıntılı incelendiği üzere gereken özen gösterilmeden çevrildiği görünmektedir. A: Esas metinde "any single disorder" olarak geçen ifade Google translate ile benzer şekilde "herhangi tek bir bozukluk" şeklinde çevrilmiş. Halbuki Türkçede "herhangi bir bozukluk" şeklinde kullanılmaktadır. Burada zaten "tek" anlamı bulunmaktadır. Türkçede anlamca birbirini kapsayan kelimelerin bir arada kullanılması anlatım bozukluğuna yol açar. B: "Validators" (doğrulayıcılar) kelimesi ölçeklerde yapılan güvenilirlik (reliability) ve geçerlilik (validity) çalışmalarını hatırlatmaktadır. Geçerlilik, bir ölçme aracının amaçladığı özelliği doğru ölçebilme derecesidir (Ercan ve Kan 2004). Burada çevirinin sözlük anlamı verilerek psikiyatriye yeni bir Türkçe kavram eklenmiş. Halbuki çeviri yapılırken amaç dile yeni kelimeler kazandırmak değil; en yakın anlamı bulmaya çalışmaktır. Çeviri "doğru" yerine aşina olduğumuz "geçerli" sözcüğü üzerinden yapılabilirdi. Konu insandan bahsetmediği için "geçerliler" yerine "geçerli şeyler" yani "geçerli değişkenler" şeklinde istatistiksel bir terim veya "doğrulayıcı" yerine daha çok bilinen "destekleyici" terimi kullanılabilirdi. İngilizce metinden takip edildiği takdirde tanı kriterlerini "destekleyen" bulgular-veriler anlamının oturduğu hissedilecektir. Aslında aynı paragraf içinde geçen "validating diagnostic criteria" (geçerli tanı kriterleri), "fully validate specific disorders" (tam geçerli özgül bozukluklar) da olduğu gibi "geçerli" sözcüğü uygun görünmektedir. C: İngilizce baskıda "homogeneous group of patients" ifadesinde geçen homogeneous sözlük anlamı tercih edilerek "türdeş" olarak çevrilmiş. Halbuki "homojen hasta grubu" şeklinde çevrilebilirdi. Homojen, "aynı özellikleri taşıyan" anlamında bilim, tıp ve istatistik dilinde kullanılan bir kelimedir. D: Cümle "these validators cross existing diagnostic boundaries" şeklinde geçmektedir. "These validators" cümlenin öznesi, "cross" yüklemi ve "existing diagnostic boundaries" neyi sorusuna cevap veren cümlenin nesnesidir. "Bu destekleyiciler mevcut tanı sınırlarını aşmaktadır." Fakat çevirmen maalesef cümleyi öğelerine ayırmadığı için "cross existing diagnostic boundaries" ifadesini "tanısal sınırlar arasında çapraz varlığını" şeklinde çevirmiştir. Bu nedenle cümle anlaşılmamaktadır. E: İngilizce baskıda "disorder spectra" olarak geçen ifade "bozukluk açılımları" şeklinde çevrilmiş. Boyutsal 222 Geliş Tarihi: 02.04.2021, Kabul Tarihi: 24.05.2021, Çevrimiçi Tarihi: 19.04.2022 Doç., Serbest Psikiyatrist, Van. Dr. Osman Özdemir, e-posta: osmanozdemir56@gmail.com OÖ: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-889X https://doi.org/10.5080/u26540 yaklaşım ve spektrum kavramı DSM-5'in önemli değişikliklerinden biridir. Spektrum terimi psikiyatride birbirine benzeyen, aynı aileden gelen hastalıklar anlamında kullanılagelmektedir (Özdemir 2012). DSM-5 çevirisinde spektrum teriminin tercih edilmemesi bir eksiklik ve "açılım" olarak değiştirilmesi hatalı olarak değerlendirilmektedir. F: İngilizce baskıda "will be clinical utility" olarak geçen ifade "klinik yararlıktır" şeklinde çevrilmiş. Çevirinin "klinik kullanımı olacaktır" şeklinde olması gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Cümlenin yüklemi olan "will be" Türkçe'de "olacaktır" anlamına gelmektedir. Google translate tarandığında "clinical utility" zaten terim şeklinde "klinik kullanım" anlamında bulunmaktadır. Diğer yerlerde birçok sözcüğün sözlük anlamı kullanıldığı halde burada daha uygun görünmesine rağmen kullanılmamıştır. SONUÇ DSM-5 Türkçe çevirisinin, İngilizce baskının hazırlanma süreci ve aşamalarının takip edilmeden hızla yapıldığı (Öztürk 2014) anlaşılmaktadır. Türkçe çevirinin anlatım bozuklukları, yanlış çeviriler (Yıldız 2014) ve okuyucunun ilk kez karşılaştığı tartışmalı kelimeleri içerdiği görülmektedir. Türkü dili veya yöresel ağızlar hatta Türk Dil Kurumu (Köroğlu 2014) bile değil; hâkim ve modern bilimsel psikiyatri dilinin kullanılması gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Tüm bunların sonucunda DSM-5 Türkçe çevirisinin Türk psikiyatrisinin ortak dilini temsil etmediği söylenebilir. Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği'nden onaylı bir revizyon önerilmektedir. Osman ÖZDEMİR.
Clinical Follow-up of Two Adolescents Diagnosed with Gender Dysphoria.
Cesur E, Yüksel Ş, Başar K … +1 more , Kaptan S
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2022 · PMID 36148573 · Publisher ↗
Rapid physical, psychological and sexual changes in adolescents due to the developmental process differentiate the approach to adolescents with gender dysphoria (GD) from the approach to adults. In this article, two adol...
Rapid physical, psychological and sexual changes in adolescents due to the developmental process differentiate the approach to adolescents with gender dysphoria (GD) from the approach to adults. In this article, two adolescents who applied for GD and followed up for a long time are presented. The first case was assigned male at birth and defined herself as female. At the age of fifteen, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog was started for puberty suppression, and sex hormone was started in the follow-up. The second case's assigned sex was female and defined himself as male. At the age of sixteen years and six months, puberty suppressive treatment was started, followed by sex hormones. Both cases were able to continue their psychosocial development without any problems after the psychiatric and physical treatments they could reach on time. Although GD in adolescents cannot be resolved with puberty suppression alone, it creates time to resolve the acute problems and to search for appropriate treatment approaches in the future. Puberty suppression partially relieves and prevents the exacerbation of the dysphoria experienced by the youth diagnosed as GD, and creates time to search appropriate treatment approaches in the follow-up. Through these two cases, it is aimed to introduce the gender affirmation processes of adolescents with GD, to discuss the medical interventions in adolescence and the psychosocial effects of the process on individuals. Keywords: Gender dysphoria, gender incongruence, adolescence, gender affirmation process, puberty supression, puberty blockers.
Doxylamine Addiction: A Case Report.
Yaşar AU, Cinemre B
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2022 · PMID 36148572 · Publisher ↗
Doxylamine succinate, one of the antihistamines available without a prescription for patients suffering from insomnia, is also an antihistamine with the potential for abuse. Although there are case reports about the addi...
Doxylamine succinate, one of the antihistamines available without a prescription for patients suffering from insomnia, is also an antihistamine with the potential for abuse. Although there are case reports about the addictive potential of antihistamines, there are not many studies on doxylamine succinate addiction in the literature. To our knowledge, there have been no case reports on doxylamine succinate addiction in Turkey. This case report presents a patient (43, M), who started using over-the-counter doxylamine succinate at 25 mg/day due to insomnia, gradually increased to 125 mg/day for the last 3 years continuing his doxylamine succinate intake for 5 years uninterrupted, as well as his treatment process. In addition, possible causes and consequences of doxylamine succinate and the potential for abuse of antihistaminic drugs are discussed through the case. Keywords: Antihistamines, drug dependence, doxylamine.
Could Modafinil Be an Option in the Treatment of Sexual Dysfunctions Due to Antidepressant Use in Women? Two Case Reports.
Yilbaş B
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2022 · PMID 36148571 · Publisher ↗
Antidepressants are known to cause sexual dysfunctions. Sexual side effects due to antidepressants negatively affect compliance with treatment. Modafinil is a stimulant drug used for narcolepsy and some other sleep disor...
Antidepressants are known to cause sexual dysfunctions. Sexual side effects due to antidepressants negatively affect compliance with treatment. Modafinil is a stimulant drug used for narcolepsy and some other sleep disorders. It is also used in treatment of resistant depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and cocaine addiction syndrome. In this article, two female patients whose depressive complaints improved with antidepressant treatment, but who applied to the psychiatry outpatient clinic with complaints of sexual dysfunction and daytime sleepiness, will be presented. Both patients had loss of sexual desire, arousal and orgasm difficulties. The sexual histories obtained from the patients suggested that there was no sexual dysfunction in the period before they started using antidepressants. Both patients stated that they did not want to change the current antidepressant treatment. Modafinil 100 mg/day was prescribed to the patients for daytime sleepiness. One month after the initiation of modafinil 100 mg/day in the 39-yearold patient, there was a marked decrease in the complaints of loss of sexual desire, decreased sexual arousal and orgasm difficulties. In the other patient, 43 years old, a slight improvement in sexual functions was observed after the initiation of modafinil. In this case, after the modafinil dose was increased to 200 mg/day, there was a significant improvement in sexual dysfunctions. In both cases, the improvement in sexual dysfunctions and possible mechanisms as a result of the addition of modafinil to the treatment will be discussed. Keywords: Antidepressant, woman, sexual dysfunction, modafinil.
Minimal Self Disorders in Schizophrenia.
Aylak İ, Uluğ BD
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2022 · PMID 36148570 · Publisher ↗
In recent years we have witnessed a rebirth of interest in the field of subjectivity and its disorders, particularly the severity and quality of non-psychotic abnormal subjective experience. Contemporary research on abno...
In recent years we have witnessed a rebirth of interest in the field of subjectivity and its disorders, particularly the severity and quality of non-psychotic abnormal subjective experience. Contemporary research on abnormal subjective experiences in schizophrenia has used several different theoretical frameworks. The most common of these is the phenomenological approach. A prominent example of the phenomenological approach is the minimal self disorder model. In this article, we will discuss, prominent theories on the concept of 'self ', historical background of the minimal self disorder model in schizophrenia and the current approach to this model. According to this model, self disorders have been hypothesized to be an underlying and trait-like core feature of schizophrenia. The model suggests that this minimal self is disturbed in three ways in people with schizophrenia: hyperreflexivity, diminished self-affection (diminished self-presence) and disturbed grip or hold on the cognitive-perceptual world. Hyperreflexivity is defined as the excessive attention to processes that would ordinarily be implicitly experienced. Diminished self-affection (diminished self-presence) refers to an experience of a loss of self-agency. Disturbed grip or hold on the cognitive-perceptual world refers to the disturbances of spatio-temporal structuring of the experiential field. These three aspects are intimately interlinked, and should be understood more as the components of a single entity. Finally, clinical symptoms that may indicate minimal self disorder and the abnormal self experiences of two patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia are discussed. Keywords: Schizophrenia, phenomenology, self-disorders, hyperreflexivity, diminished self-affection.
Reliability and Validity of the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale Clinician Administered Turkish Form.
Gürcan A, Başar K, Şen ZD … +1 more , Karakaşli AA
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2022 · PMID 36148569 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Anhedonia, which is defined as diminished capacity of having pleasure, is a common symptom in many mental disorders. It has been aimed in this study to adapt to the Turkish language the Snaith- Hamilton Pleasu...
OBJECTIVE: Anhedonia, which is defined as diminished capacity of having pleasure, is a common symptom in many mental disorders. It has been aimed in this study to adapt to the Turkish language the Snaith- Hamilton Pleasure Scale Clinician Administered Form (SHAPS-C) and examining reliability and validity of Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale Clinician Administered Turkish Form (SHAPS-C-TR) which measures anhedonia in clinical and healthy samples. METHOD: Two groups consisting of 63 participants consulting the psychiatry clinic and 67 non-clinical participants were included in the study. Data were collected with the Turkish version of the SHAPS-C (the SHAPS-C-TR), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Positive Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). RESULTS: The Kuder-Richardson internal consistency coefficient for the entire participants, the clinical and the non-clinical group were, 0.765, 0.813 and 0.657 respectively. The intra-class coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.732. The total score on the SHAPS-C-TR significantly correlated with the scores on the anhedonia items of the BDI and the MADRS but not the scores on anxiety items. The PANAS positive symptoms scores were negatively correlated with the SHAPSC- TR total score. In the clinical group, the participants followed up with depression had significantly higher SHAPS-C-TR score than the rest of the participants. A similar difference was not demonstrated by the scores of the clinical group participants followed up with anxiety disorder. Scores on the SHAPS-C-TR did not vary with respect to the demographic characteristics of the participants. CONCLUSION: The SHAPS-C-TR is a valid and reliable measurement tool to assess anhedonia in both clinical and non-clinical individuals irrespective of differences in demographic features.
The Effect of Defense Mechanisms and Eating Awareness on the Probability of Suicide After Bariatric Surgery.
Güzel K, Aksu MH, Geniş B … +1 more , Gürhan N
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2022 · PMID 36148568 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the relationship between suicide possibilities, defense mechanisms, and eating awareness of patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. METHOD: The study sample consisted of 1...
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the relationship between suicide possibilities, defense mechanisms, and eating awareness of patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. METHOD: The study sample consisted of 101 patients who had bariatric surgery in a private hospital. People who had at least six months from the date of surgery, who had no pregnancy, and who did not give birth after surgery were included in the study. The Mindful Eating Questionnaire, Suicide Probability Scale, and the Defense Style Questionnaire were applied to the participants. RESULTS: While the average age of the sample was 52.46±9.72, 54.5% (n=55) were male. Within one year after the operation, 33.7% of (n=34) patients had lost weight between 21-30 kg, while 21.8% (n=22) had lost weight between 11-20 kg. Suicide probability scale scores are predicted by emotional eating (β=0.272, p=0.004), neurotic defense mechanism (β=0.284, p=0.003) and current body mass index (β=0.258, p=0.008). CONCLUSION: The possibility of suicide after bariatric surgery is closely related to emotional eating, neurotic defense mechanisms, and body mass index. The solution to the problem of emotional eating rather than decreasing the body mass index may be more effective in decreasing the suicide possibilities of the patients. Therefore, in patients undergoing bariatric surgery, emotional eating is one of the problems that should be handled both before and after surgery.
Relationship of Long Acting Injectable Antipsychotics with Caregiver Burden, Quality of Life, Symptom Severity and Treatment Discontinuation in Schizophrenia.
Uysal F, Yildizhan E, Tomruk NB
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2022 · PMID 36148567 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Regarding the patients using long acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic treatment; we aimed to investigate the effect of attitude towards drugs, antipsychotic type and side effects on quality of life, caregive...
OBJECTIVE: Regarding the patients using long acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic treatment; we aimed to investigate the effect of attitude towards drugs, antipsychotic type and side effects on quality of life, caregiver burden and continuation of treatment. METHOD: Our study sample consisted of 110 patients in the age range of 18-65 using LAI antipsychotics for at least 12 weeks with the diagnosis of schizophrenia according to DSM-5 criteria. Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Form, Drug Attitude Inventory 10 (DAI-10), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), UKU Side Effect Rating Scale, Quality of Life for Schizophrenia Scale were used for evaluation of patients. Sociodemographic Data Form, Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS) were used for the caregivers. RESULTS: It is observed that the patients with positive attitude against the treatment had longer antipsychotic treatment duration (13.7+9.1 years) compared to patients with negative attitude (7.7 + 6.6 years) (p<0.001). PANSS total scores of patients who were considering about treatment discontinuation (44.0+14.3) were higher than the other patients (38.6+9.0) (p=0.03) and DAI-10 scores of patients who were considering about treatment discontinuation were lower (1.4+4.9; 5.2+3.4; p<0.001). Duration of illness were also shorter (10.3+9.3 year) for the patients who were considering about treatment discontinuation than the other group (15.7 + 9.0 year) (p=0.01). There was no significant difference in caregiver burden, side effects, quality of life and reasons for treatment discontinuation between typical and atypical antipsychotics. According to the regression analysis results, PANSS score (β=0.553, p<0.001) and male gender (β= 0.225, p=0.003) were positive predictors of ZCBS scores. CONCLUSION: It is observed that the attitude towards drugs and psychotic symptom severity were the most important factors for treatment discontinuation in patients with schizophrenia using LAI antipsychotics. Atypical and typical antipsychotics were not different with respect to quality of life and caregiver burden for the patients on regular treatment with LAI antipsychotics.
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