This study aims to estimate the effects of using one donor nerve to repair the injured nerve and itself simultaneously by biodegradable chitin conduit. Proximal median nerve served as donor nerve to repair the distal med...This study aims to estimate the effects of using one donor nerve to repair the injured nerve and itself simultaneously by biodegradable chitin conduit. Proximal median nerve served as donor nerve to repair the distal median and whole ulnar nerve. Four months postoperation, the number of myelinated axons and nerve conduction velocities of the distal median and ulnar nerve were (2085 ± 215 and 24.4 ± 5.9 m/s), and (1193 ± 102 and 30.7 ± 11.2 m/s). Recovery of the tetanic muscle forces of the reinvervated muscles were also observed. It suggests that Dor to Dor+Rec neurorrhaphy is a practical method for severe peripheral nerve injury.
HBOC-201 may alter lipase and amylase detection on chemistry analyzers using optical methods and affect pancreatic function after trauma. Amylase and lipase measurements were correlated against HBOC-201 to evaluate inter...HBOC-201 may alter lipase and amylase detection on chemistry analyzers using optical methods and affect pancreatic function after trauma. Amylase and lipase measurements were correlated against HBOC-201 to evaluate interference on samples spiked with 0-6g/dL HBOC-201. The detection threshold was 2.5g/dL or none when measured, respectively, on Vitros 250 or Advia 1650 instruments. Amylase and lipase from blood samples collected from 55% EBV hemorrhaged Yucatan min-pigs showed peaks around 24-48 hours. Amylase increase was not significant between treatments but lipase was higher in HBOC-201-treated animals. Animals particularly affected by the injury had elevated enzymes after hemorrhagic shock, without significant clinical consequences.
Sodium nitrite (NaNO(2)) was evaluated in a 55% EBV hemorrhage swine model to mitigate the increased blood pressure due to HBOC-201. Animals were resuscitated by three 10 ml/kg infusions of either HBOC-201 or Hextend wit...Sodium nitrite (NaNO(2)) was evaluated in a 55% EBV hemorrhage swine model to mitigate the increased blood pressure due to HBOC-201. Animals were resuscitated by three 10 ml/kg infusions of either HBOC-201 or Hextend with and without NaNO(2). All vital signs, coagulation and blood chemistry were measured for 2 hr. HBOC-201-vasoconstriction was attenuated only after the first 10.8 μmol/kg NaNO(2) infusion. Complete abolition was obtained with the highest 3 NaNO(2) dose, but side effects were observed. There was no reduction in platelet function due to NaNO(2). NaNO(2) ability to reduce HBOC-201 vasoactivity was transient and 10.8 μmol/kg NaNO(2) seems an acceptable dose for further investigation.
Horseradish peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) was chemically modified by periodate-activated dextran. The activities of free and modified enzyme against organic-aqueous interface and some chemicals were determined. Modified HRP r...Horseradish peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) was chemically modified by periodate-activated dextran. The activities of free and modified enzyme against organic-aqueous interface and some chemicals were determined. Modified HRP remained fully active in the presence of organic solvent for 4 h. However, the unmodified enzyme lost 50% of its activity within the first 2 h. The effects of possible inhibitors on enzyme activity were investigated. In addition, Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 was efficiently decolorized using the free and modified HRP. After 5 minutes of treatment, the color removal of dye was 80-90%. Modified HRP showed effective performance compared to free HRP.
Lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) was immobilized by physical adsorption onto Al(2)O(3). The immobilization yield was more than 95% during 30 min. The properties of free and immobilized enzyme were also searched and compa...Lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) was immobilized by physical adsorption onto Al(2)O(3). The immobilization yield was more than 95% during 30 min. The properties of free and immobilized enzyme were also searched and compared. The optimum pH was shifted from 7 to 8.5 by immobilization of the enzyme. The maximum activity of the free and the immobilized enzymes occured at 35 and 40°C, respectively.
OBJECTIVE: to compare the chondrogenic ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different tissues in rabbits' full-thickness articular cartilage defects. METHODS: sixty New Zealand white rabbits of ordinary...OBJECTIVE: to compare the chondrogenic ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different tissues in rabbits' full-thickness articular cartilage defects. METHODS: sixty New Zealand white rabbits of ordinary grade with a body weight of 2.5 approximately 3.5kg were selected for this study. Six were sacrificed for preparation of deminerized bone matrix (DBM) as scaffold. Fifty-four were used for cartilage defects model. Full-thickness cartilage defect of knee joint was created on trochlear groove at two sides of the femur with a diameter of 4 mm and thickness of 3 mm. All 54 rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups and treated by autogeneic MSCs isolated from bone marrow, periosteum, synovium, adipose tissue and muscle, respectively. The 6th group was a control group with nothing plugged into the defects. Every three rabbits were killed at three time points, which were 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the operation in each group. The reparative tissue samples were evaluated grossly, histologically, immunohistochemically, and graded according to gross and histological scales 12 weeks postoperatively. We input the scores into SPSS 11.5 software and the analysis of variance (one-way-ANOVA) and student-newman-keuls (SNK-q) test were used to process statistical analysis and find out if the differences between each group had statistical significance. RESULTS: fifty-four rabbits are included in the final analysis. The defects are all repaired by hyaline-like tissue except the control group. The bone-marrow-MSCs produced much more cartilage matrix than that of other groups. Gross and histological grading scale indicates that the defects repaired by MSCs isolated from bone marrow are superior to that repaired by MSCs isolated from periosteum, synovium, adipose tissue, and muscle (p < 0.05). In adipose-MSCs and muscle-MSCs group, some defects are even repaired by fibrous tissue. CONCLUSION: bone-marrow-MSCs have greater in vivo chondrogenic potential than periosteum-, synovium-, adipose- and muscle-MSCs.
To detect the expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 and Survivin in transferred HepG2 cells and evaluate the synergistic effect of IFN-γ gene on LIGHT-induced apoptosis signal transduction pathways, the full-length O...To detect the expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 and Survivin in transferred HepG2 cells and evaluate the synergistic effect of IFN-γ gene on LIGHT-induced apoptosis signal transduction pathways, the full-length ORF of LIGHT and IFN-γ gene were cloned into pcDNA4 and verified by DNA sequencing. After being optimized by EGFP, recombinant LIGHT and IFN-γ were transferred into the HepG2 cells mediated by a cationic liposome in vitro. The expression of LIGHT and IFN-γ was identified in the supernatants by ELISA. The HepG2 cells were divided into three groups: the control, LIGHT gene transfection alone, and simultaneous transfection of LIGHT and IFN-γ genes. The cell apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and Survivin in cell lysate were detected through FCM. After transfection, the apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells was increased with the prolonged time, and the apoptosis rate of LIGHT group was higher than the control group, while the LIGHT/IFN-γ group was higher than the LIGHT group P < 0.01). The expression of Bcl-2 and Survivin in LIGHT group and LIGHT/IFN-γ group decreased dramatically compared with the control group. LIGHT gene alone can result in significant inhibition of HepG2 cells proliferation. INF-γ can synergistically precede LIGHT-induced apoptotic processes through down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression, but not survivin expression.
This study aimed to compare the fixation stability of a new device (SCCAB) for femoral neck fractures and the cancellous lag screws. Standardized femoral neck osteotomies were created in seven pairs of cadaver femurs and...This study aimed to compare the fixation stability of a new device (SCCAB) for femoral neck fractures and the cancellous lag screws. Standardized femoral neck osteotomies were created in seven pairs of cadaver femurs and stabilized with either SCCAB or cancellous lag screws. The specimens were subjected to incremental axial loading to 1300 N and cyclic loading at 1300 N for 104 cycles. No significant differences in downward femoral head displacement, change in the superior osteotomy gapping, and load to failure were observed between the two groups. SCCAB may be potentially useful to treat femoral neck fractures.
The effects of the distal nerve degeneration on the regeneration of the collateral sprouts from the proximal nerve stump have been examined. The delayed cross-suture anastomosis technique was used in which the tibial ner...The effects of the distal nerve degeneration on the regeneration of the collateral sprouts from the proximal nerve stump have been examined. The delayed cross-suture anastomosis technique was used in which the tibial nerve was denervated for 0-8 weeks before cross-suture of the freshly axotomized common peroneal and chronically denervated TIB nerve stumps. There was a remarkable decreasing of the regenerated myelinated axons number after the distal nerve suffered 8 weeks deterioration, suggesting that short-term denervation did not affect the collateral sprouts regeneration but more prolonged denervation profoundly reduced collateral sprouts regenerated in the distal nerve stump.
Ascorbate oxidase purified from Lagenaria siceraria fruit was immobilized onto epoxy resin "Araldite" membrane with 79.4% retention of initial activity of free enzyme. The biosensor showed optimum response within 15s at...Ascorbate oxidase purified from Lagenaria siceraria fruit was immobilized onto epoxy resin "Araldite" membrane with 79.4% retention of initial activity of free enzyme. The biosensor showed optimum response within 15s at pH 5.8 and 35°C, which was directly proportional to ascorbate concentration ranging from 1-100μM. There was a good correlation (R(2) = 0.99) between serum ascorbic acid values by standard enzymic colorimetric method and the present method. The enzyme electrode was used for 200 times without considerable loss of activity during the span of 90 days when stored at 4°C.
Nanomaterials constitute novel and interesting matrices for enzyme immobilization. While their high surface to volume ratio is an obvious advantage, their Brownian motion can impact the behavior of enzymes immobilized on...Nanomaterials constitute novel and interesting matrices for enzyme immobilization. While their high surface to volume ratio is an obvious advantage, their Brownian motion can impact the behavior of enzymes immobilized on these matrices. Carbon nanotubes, superparamagnetic nanoparticles, and mesoporous materials constitute some important classes of matrices. Such immobilized enzyme systems have been used in both aqueous and low water media for biocatalysis and resolution of racemates. This overview examines the behavior of enzymes immobilized on nanomaterials and discusses the results reported with such biocatalyst preparations.
We constructed pseudo-ternary phase diagrams to obtain the area of water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion formation, prepared cetirizine hydrochloride microemulsion, and evaluated its quality. The w/o microemulsion had been fo...We constructed pseudo-ternary phase diagrams to obtain the area of water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion formation, prepared cetirizine hydrochloride microemulsion, and evaluated its quality. The w/o microemulsion had been formulated using span80 as surfactant, alcohol as co-surfactant, and oleinic acid as oil. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to evaluate the phase behavior of the w/o microemulsion. The properties, including appearance, particle size, and stability, were determined. The stable w/o microemulsion could be prepared using span80/ alcohol/ oleinic acid/ water (1.2/ 4.8/ 2/ 2). The w/o microemulsion is a new carrier for hydrosoluble drugs, which are easy to prepare with consistent quality.
BACKGROUND: principally 80 percent of the malignant oral tumors are the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), which require quantities of such sacrifices as deformity, malfunction, recurrence, metastasis, deterioration, a...BACKGROUND: principally 80 percent of the malignant oral tumors are the Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), which require quantities of such sacrifices as deformity, malfunction, recurrence, metastasis, deterioration, and mortality in common cases of failing to antedate diagnosis. Similarly critical is the Oral Leukoplakia (OLK) among precancerous lesions of oral mucosa. It would also be of interest for scholars and clinicians to target the discrimination as seizing up OLK intimate to OSCC. OBJECTIVE: through bioinformatics technology, the research in narration worked to establish a three-dimensional discriminate database from high throughput data of protein fingerprints from serum, saliva, and tissue samples of OSCC and OLK patients as a preliminary step towards integrated group proteins biomarker discovery and to further understanding of corresponding tumorgenesis and proteomics. METHODS: differential proteomic patterns in serum, saliva, and tissue between OSCC patients or OSCC tissues and OLK were detected by SELDI-TOF-MS technology, and discriminatively analyzed by ZUCI-PDAS (Zhejiang University Cancer Institute ProteinChip Data Analysis System) with Support Vector Machines (SVM) and cross validation. Additionally, Laser Capture Micro-dissection technology was utilized in the tissue research. RESULTS: mass/charge proteomes of optimization obtained from the samples were, respectively, 4162 with 6886 of 87.82%, 92.86%, 66.67% as the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for serum difference; m/z 5818, 4617 with 3884 of all 100% as the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for saliva difference; and m/z 3738, 11366 of 96.29%, 100.00%, 85.71% as the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for tissue difference between OSCC and OLK patients. CONCLUSIONS: within the fields of clinical biomarker application and bioinformatics utilization, as well as the exploitation and popularization of modern discriminate analysis technology, to determine preventative and therapeutic stage and prognosis of OSCC and OLK, the proteomes of optimization for discrepancy are suggested to be directly enrolled in clinical application without protein identification.
In this study, the production of enantiopure benzoin from rac-benzoin acetate was achieved by lipase catalyzed kinetic resolution combined with deracemization using Rhizopus oryzae (CBS111718). The growth cells were pret...In this study, the production of enantiopure benzoin from rac-benzoin acetate was achieved by lipase catalyzed kinetic resolution combined with deracemization using Rhizopus oryzae (CBS111718). The growth cells were pretreated with 20 kHz and 30 kHz ultrasound irradiation and mechanical homogenization. Approximately 100% conversion and 96% enantiomeric excess of the product (S-benzoin) were obtained by applying 20 kHz ultrasound irradiation at pH 6. The deracemization process involves new and important processes that allow for the transformation of a racemate into a single stereoisomeric product in 100% theoretical yields. Moreover, the application of ultrasound increases the conversion rate by reducing mass transfer limitation.
Anticancer drugs executing their function intracellularly enter cancer cells via diffusive processes. Complementary to these slow processes, cells can be forced to incorporate drugs by convection - a more efficient trans...Anticancer drugs executing their function intracellularly enter cancer cells via diffusive processes. Complementary to these slow processes, cells can be forced to incorporate drugs by convection - a more efficient transport process. Transmembrane convection is induced by moderately intense pulsed laser light (or light emitting diodes) changing the structure of nanoscopic water layers in cells. This is a fundamental difference with the method of photodynamic therapy. In a model system we demonstrate that a total irradiation time of one minute is sufficient to completely inhibit proliferation of cancer cells. Transmembrane convection protects healthy cells from extended chemotherapy exposure, could be exploited to overcome multidrug resistance, and is a promising new tool in a variety of therapies as well as in skin rejuvenation.
In this study, resolution of (R,S)-1-phenyl 1-propanol by lipase-catalyzed enantioselective esterification was achieved. To investigate the effect of lipase type on enantiomeric excess, three different lipases were used....In this study, resolution of (R,S)-1-phenyl 1-propanol by lipase-catalyzed enantioselective esterification was achieved. To investigate the effect of lipase type on enantiomeric excess, three different lipases were used. Novozym 435 exhibited the highest enantioselectivity for resolution of (R,S)-1-phenyl 1-propanol. The effects of carbon length of fatty acids from C12 to C16, which were used as acyl donor, organic solvents with Log P values from 0.5 to 4.5, acyl donor/alcohol molar ratio (1:1, 3:2, 2:1, 3:1), amount of added molecular sieves (0-133.2 kg/m(3)), and temperature (10-60° C) on the enantioselectivity were investigated. The best reaction conditions were comprised of using toluene (Log P= 2.5) as solvent, lauric acid (12C) as acyl donor, 133.2 kg/m(3) molecular sieves at 50° C and acyl donor/alcohol molar ratio as 1:1. Under these conditions, the enantiomeric excess of S enantiomer ee (S) was obtained as 95% for a reaction time of 2.5 hours.
Viscosity of blood substitutes is among the important determinants to restore microcirculation. Sodium alginate (SA) is always mentioned as "viscosity modifier" in creating blood substitutes. In the present study, the wh...Viscosity of blood substitutes is among the important determinants to restore microcirculation. Sodium alginate (SA) is always mentioned as "viscosity modifier" in creating blood substitutes. In the present study, the whole blood was diluted using SA solutions to final hematocrits of 10%, 20%, and 35%, respectively. The whole blood viscosity (WBV) at different shear rates, plasma viscosity (PV), and rheological behavior of red blood cells (RBCs) was studied in vitro. The results show that SA may induce RBCs aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the effect of SA on RBCs aggregation maybe involve the regulation of microcirculation.
In this work, positively charged, micelle-forming polymers were synthesized and used as a model vector to deliver antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) into melanoma cells. Polymers and polymer/ASODN complexes were char...In this work, positively charged, micelle-forming polymers were synthesized and used as a model vector to deliver antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) into melanoma cells. Polymers and polymer/ASODN complexes were characterized by DLS according to size, charge, and critical micelle concentration. Nanosize and spherical complexes were observed by AFM. Complexes did not reveal significant toxicity to melanoma cells. Antiproliferative effect of the complexes was observed by immunocytochemical staining and estimated as 56.8% with N/P:9. High amount of apoptosis and very small amount of necrosis were estimated. According to the results, these positively charged polymers forming micelle-like structures seem promising as ASODN carriers.
7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) is the key intermediate for the synthesis of semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotics and enzyme cephalosporin-C acylase (CPC acylase) plays an important role in the conversion of cepha...7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) is the key intermediate for the synthesis of semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotics and enzyme cephalosporin-C acylase (CPC acylase) plays an important role in the conversion of cephalosporin-C to 7-ACA. With an aim to increase the yield of 7-ACA production by Micrococcus luteus, a stepwise strategy, statistical medium was applied for optimizing the medium composition for the production of CPC acylase. Purified enzyme was found to be of 80 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature for the production of 7-ACA were 7.6 and 340C, respectively. The Km and Vmax were estimated to be 9.43 mg/mL and 7.65 U/mL, respectively.