Carbohydrate Polymers[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Physical and biological synergistic strategies: injectable CNF/CMC hydrogels with cannabidiol@PCL microspheres for durable facial filling.
Wang H, Chen G, Song R … +5 more , Wang F, Chen Y, Wang L, Lei J, Liu J
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Aug · PMID 42173581 · Publisher ↗
The growing demand for multifunctional facial fillers underscores the limitations of current materials, which often lack sufficient mechanical strength for effective filling and fail to address oxidative stress, a key fa...
The growing demand for multifunctional facial fillers underscores the limitations of current materials, which often lack sufficient mechanical strength for effective filling and fail to address oxidative stress, a key factor in skin aging. To overcome these challenges, a synergistic strategy combining biological antioxidation and physical reinforcement was developed. Initially, uniform cannabidiol (CBD)-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) microspheres (CP) were fabricated via microfluidic technology, then incorporated into a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) gel matrix, forming an injectable composite hydrogel (CMC/CNF/CP) with enhanced mechanical properties and antioxidant capabilities. According to the results, incorporating a small amount of CNF (1.5 wt%) into CMC facilitated the formation of a synergistic hydrogen bonding network and physical entanglements, significantly enhancing mechanical properties (3.7-fold). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging assays demonstrated that the hydrogel has notable antioxidant activity. Additionally, the hydrogel displayed excellent biocompatibility. Subcutaneous injection in rats revealed that the CMC/CNF/CP hydrogel exhibited a durable volumizing effect as well as a strong collagen synthesis capacity. In summary, we prepared the CMC/CNF/CP hydrogel with superior mechanical properties and sustained antioxidant properties through physical and biological synergistic strategies, offering a promising approach for the next generation of facial fillers.
Rosmarinic acid-derived micelles potentiated dextran hydrogel for concurrent mechanical reinforcement and inflammatory microenvironment remodeling in chronic diabetic wound healing.
Zhang H, Wang J, Hu H … +2 more , Tan W, Ma L
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Aug · PMID 42173580 · Publisher ↗
The management of chronic diabetic wounds remains a great clinical challenge due to heightened oxidative stress and persistent inflammation. Although antioxidant hydrogels have shown promising therapeutic potential, many...
The management of chronic diabetic wounds remains a great clinical challenge due to heightened oxidative stress and persistent inflammation. Although antioxidant hydrogels have shown promising therapeutic potential, many suffer from inadequate mechanical performance. Here, a natural rosmarinic acid-derived micelles potentiated dextran hydrogel was designed for chronic diabetic wound treatment. The hydrogel was crosslinked by acrylate-polyethylene glycol-modified rosmarinic acid (AR) micelles, double bonds and phenylboronic acid-modified dextran (DMP), acrylamide (AM), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). AR micelles not only imparted antioxidant properties to the hydrogel but also improved the mechanical performance by acting as crosslinkers and energy dissipation points. In addition, the dynamic phenylborate bonds formed by the phenylboronic acid groups on dextran and the cis-diols on PVA further enhanced the antioxidant and mechanical properties of the hydrogel. The AR/PAM/DMP/PVA (APDP) hydrogel exhibited good biocompatibility, ROS scavenging capacity, and anti-inflammatory property in vitro. More importantly, the APDP2 hydrogel effectively accelerated chronic diabetic wound healing by promoting macrophage polarization to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, boosting anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion, as well as facilitating angiogenesis and collagen deposition. Thus, the rosmarinic acid-derived micelles crosslinked hydrogel presents a promising strategy for the treatment of diabetic wounds and provides new insights for developing herbal functionalized hydrogel materials.
Structure elucidation of duckweed polysaccharide from Spirodela oligorrhiza and its anti-inflammatory activity.
Wei H, Li J, Sun Z … +5 more , Ji J, Tao J, Yin Y, Deng Y, Liu W
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Aug · PMID 42173579 · Publisher ↗
Duckweed polysaccharides constitute an underexplored yet functionally important class of biomolecules within these rapidly proliferating aquatic plants. Although abundant in cell walls and implicated in diverse bioactivi...
Duckweed polysaccharides constitute an underexplored yet functionally important class of biomolecules within these rapidly proliferating aquatic plants. Although abundant in cell walls and implicated in diverse bioactivities, their structural elucidation beyond pectic fractions has remained scarce. In this study, the first comprehensive structural analysis of a purified polysaccharide (WHL-N1) derived from Spirodela oligorrhiza duckweed is reported. Monosaccharide composition analysis demonstrated galactose (46.15 mol%) and arabinose (39.44 mol%) as the predominant constituents. Structural investigation revealed a highly branched Type II arabinogalactan architecture with a weight-average molecular weight of 200.868 (± 4.392) kDa and a narrow polydispersity index (1.147 ± 0.076), comprising a backbone of →3,6)-β-ᴅ-Galp-(1→, →3)-β-ᴅ-Galp-(1→, and →6)-β-ᴅ-Galp-(1→ residues, decorated with side chains at the O-6 position of →3)-β-ᴅ-Galp-(1→ units. WHL-N1 displayed marked anti-inflammatory properties in a zebrafish model, significantly attenuating neutrophil migration and regulating pivotal inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice model, WHL-N1 reduced inflammatory cytokine levels, restored intestinal barrier integrity, and modulated gut microbiota composition, underscoring its promise potential for colonic inflammation. These findings position WHL-N1 as a promising candidate for nutraceutical and therapeutic development targeting colonic inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis, whilst offering a fundamental basis for future investigations into the structure-activity relationships of duckweed polysaccharides.
Faecalibaculum rodentium- derived quinic acid- mediated Treg differentiation drives the attenuation intestinal inflammation by Agrimoniae Herba polysaccharides.
Hu J, Yu Y, Wang Z … +14 more , Wang M, Wang Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Zheng M, Liang C, Lv C, Yang A, Lin Z, Jiao Y, Li Y, Huang H, Li J, Mao T
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Aug · PMID 42173578 · Publisher ↗
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory intestinal disorder characterized by gut dysbiosis, but effective strategies are currently limited. Here, we demonstrated that Agrimoniae Herba Polysacchari...
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory intestinal disorder characterized by gut dysbiosis, but effective strategies are currently limited. Here, we demonstrated that Agrimoniae Herba Polysaccharides (AHP), the key active components of a herb widely used for intestinal inflammation in East Asia countries, significantly reversed colitis-related phenotypes in a gut microbiota dependent, as antibiotic treatment abolished its therapeutic effect, while gut microbes from AHP-treated mice reproduced the anti-inflammatory effect. Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed AHP greatly reshaped the overall structure of microbiota, especially boosting colonization of Faecalibaculum rodentium (F. rodentium), which led to a significant alleviation of intestinal inflammation, accompanied by the promotion of CD4+ T cell differentiation toward Treg. Additionally, we identified quinic acid as a key metabolite of F. rodentium enriched by AHP treatment, and found that it induced the differentiation of naïve CD4T cells sorted from UC patients into Treg cells in vitro, which correlated with the enhancement of TAZ/Foxp3 acetylation axis. Collectively, our results show that AHP exerts the beneficial effects in the treatment of UC by acting as a prebiotic to enrich the commensal bacterium F. rodentium, and offer a novel microbiota-dependent strategy for inflammatory bowel disease.
Lotus-leaf-inspired nanocellulose composite foam for multifunctional wearable wide-temperature sensors with thermal insulation and flame retardancy.
Sun Y, Han J, Xue Y … +7 more , Jiang N, Yao Z, Si C, Han X, Rao X, Wang S, Pu J
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Aug · PMID 42173577 · Publisher ↗
As biomass-based composites are increasingly applied in wearable technology, integrated sensing and thermal management are key to wide temperature range applications. Inspired by the hierarchical vein architecture of lot...
As biomass-based composites are increasingly applied in wearable technology, integrated sensing and thermal management are key to wide temperature range applications. Inspired by the hierarchical vein architecture of lotus leaves, a multifunctional cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-based composite foam (PCARG) was fabricated, where CNF and aramid nanofibers (ANF) form a load-bearing framework, while reduced graphene oxide (rGO) provides conductive pathways. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) modification and phytic acid incorporation further enable synergistic regulation of interfacial and surface properties. The foam exhibits excellent superelasticity, maintaining 83.28 ± 2.50% stress retention over 1000 cycles at 70% strain. As a wearable sensor, it demonstrates high sensitivity (GF = 275.3) and reliable sensing responses at -56.6 °C and 200 °C. Additionally, it shows low thermal conductivity (38.53 ± 1.62 mW/mK), flame retardancy (LOI = 28.83 ± 0.58%), and superhydrophobicity (water contact angle 155.05 ± 2.65°). This integrated design offers a promising strategy for advanced wearable devices in extreme conditions.
Cellulose-based fluorescent materials for real-time visual detection of Fe/Cu ions and anti-counterfeiting.
Li C, Zhou J, Yu H … +3 more , Gao S, Chen S, Xu F
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Aug · PMID 42173576 · Publisher ↗
Transition metals such as Fe and Cu are essential for fundamental biological processes, yet their excess can trigger diverse symptoms and diseases. Therefore, precise detection of Fe/Cu via real-time and visual analytica...
Transition metals such as Fe and Cu are essential for fundamental biological processes, yet their excess can trigger diverse symptoms and diseases. Therefore, precise detection of Fe/Cu via real-time and visual analytical techniques is urgently required. In this work, cellulose-based fluorescent material was designed via Steglich esterification by grafting perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid (PTCA) onto cellulose acetate (CA) backbone. The resulting materials (CA-PTCA) exhibited bright yellow fluorescence, which was quenched in the presence of Fe/Cu, providing a highly sensitive detection platform. The fluorescence quenching by Fe occurs via a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism with CA-PTCA, while that by Cu proceeds through coordination. Moreover, the excellent processability of the CA backbone enables CA-PTCA to be fabricated into diverse material forms, including inks, coatings, films, aerogels, and fibers, all of which retain outstanding fluorescence properties. This work highlights the potential of cellulose-based fluorescent materials for multifunctional applications in sensing and information encryption.
Structural characterization and in vivo and in vitro anti-osteoporosis potential of two Psoralea corylifolia L. polysaccharides.
Yang J, Tang Z, Chen C … +7 more , Lin P, He Y, Yao X, Zhang B, Yao Z, Qiu Z, Qin Z
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Aug · PMID 42173575 · Publisher ↗
Psoralea corylifolia L. (PCL) has been widely used to improve osteoporosis for thousands of years, whereas the anti-osteoporosis activity of its polysaccharides has not been systematically reported. Here, we firstly prov...
Psoralea corylifolia L. (PCL) has been widely used to improve osteoporosis for thousands of years, whereas the anti-osteoporosis activity of its polysaccharides has not been systematically reported. Here, we firstly proved that PCLP80 crude polysaccharides exhibited significant improvement effects (p < 0.05) about femur bone mineral density, bone trabecula, and muscle function performances including grip strengths, and forced swimming times in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) mice. Subsequently, a novel acidic (PCLP80-1) and a neutral (PCLP80-2) polysaccharides were purified from PCLP80 fraction, with molecular weights of 20.07 and 53.39 kDa, respectively. PCLP80-1 was proposed to mainly consist of →3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→, →3,4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, and α-L-Araf-(1 → moieties. PCLP80-2 was mainly characterized by →4)-β-D-Manp-(1→, →4,6)-β-D-Manp-(1→, α-D-Manp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, α-D-Galp-(1 → together with a small amount of →3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → residues. Their advanced structures were further characterized. Moreover, PCLP80-1 and PCLP80-2 both showed obvious anti-osteoporosis activity and improvement of muscle function in GIOP mice. The mechanism about increasing osteoblastogenesis mainly involved in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in MG63 cells, Wnt and Hippo pathways in MC3T3-E1 cells. Taken together, this would benefit to develop high efficacy and low toxicity agents from PCL for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
3D-printed chitosan-based hydrogel scaffold doped with curcumin-loaded quantum dots enables photothermal effect and degradation visualization for bone regeneration.
Zhang F, Zhan J, Chen S … +3 more , Qi X, Zhou X, He C
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Aug · PMID 42173574 · Publisher ↗
Bone defect remodeling remains a significant challenge due to imbalanced immune microenvironment, insufficient vascularization, and impaired bone regeneration. This study aimed to synthesize curcumin (Cur)-loaded gold-do...
Bone defect remodeling remains a significant challenge due to imbalanced immune microenvironment, insufficient vascularization, and impaired bone regeneration. This study aimed to synthesize curcumin (Cur)-loaded gold-doped AgTe quantum dots (Cur@Au:QDs) under ambient conditions, which were subsequently incorporated into a hydrogel matrix consisted of methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) as well as methacrylated chitosan (CHMA) to fabricate a 3D-printed scaffold (Cur@Au:QD/GC). The QDs exhibited strong fluorescence imaging capability in the near-infrared II (NIR-II) region at 1080 nm, enabling in vivo monitoring of scaffold degradation. In vitro assays demonstrated that CHMA, Ag, and loaded Cur, combined with NIR-induced heating, effectively eliminated bacteria. Furthermore, Cur, together with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), stabilizer of Au:QDs, endowed the scaffold with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging functionality. Additionally, the combined effect of Cur and mild heat (42.6 °C) not only promoted macrophage phenotypic transition from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, thereby optimizing the immune microenvironment for bone regeneration, but also enhanced angiogenic and osteogenic activities. In vivo evaluations indicated that this multifunctional scaffold, integrating immunomodulation and vascularized bone regeneration, significantly accelerated the repair process in a rat femoral defect model and enabled real-time visualization of scaffold degradation over six weeks, offering an efficient strategy for bone repair.
Interpenetrating polymer network microspheres based on alginate and thiolated CNF for tumor-triggered localized intratumoral therapy.
George Joy J, Sharma G, Zhao F … +1 more , Kim JC
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Aug · PMID 42173573 · Publisher ↗
Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) microspheres composed of alginate and thiolated TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (Th-TCNF) were developed as reduction-responsive carriers for Mitoxantrone (MIT) delivery. TCNF w...
Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) microspheres composed of alginate and thiolated TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (Th-TCNF) were developed as reduction-responsive carriers for Mitoxantrone (MIT) delivery. TCNF was thiolated through covalent coupling with cysteamine, as confirmed by H NMR, FT-IR and XPS which successfully verified thiol grafting. Spray-dried microspheres were subsequently cross-linked via Ca coordination and disulfide bond formation, generating a mechanically reinforced IPN structure. Swelling analysis showed significantly reduced equilibrium swelling in the full IPN compared with single-network controls, indicating restricted polymer mobility and enhanced structural stability. SEM revealed progressively denser surfaces with increasing Th-TCNF content, while TGA demonstrated improved thermal resistance. XPS of the microspheres confirmed reduction-induced disulfide cleavage, supporting redox-triggered release. FITC-dextran and MIT release exhibited reduction-dependent, composition-controlled behaviour, and flow cytometry (FACS) showed sustained intracellular MIT accumulation in MDA-MB-231 cells, leading to prolonged cytotoxicity. In vivo intratumoral administration in BALB/c nude mice bearing MDA-MB-231 xenografts produced significant tumor suppression with extensive necrosis and apoptosis, without systemic toxicity, verified by Histological (H&E) and TUNEL staining. Collectively, these findings highlight alginate: Th-TCNF IPN microspheres as a promising localized, reduction-responsive platform for enhancing chemotherapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity.
Starch coating on low-sodium salt via fluidized bed granulation: Sensory improvement and health benefits.
Song X, Li X, Liu X … +8 more , Ma Z, Fan Z, Cui Z, Xiong H, Li Z, Zhou Y, Lv M, Li Y
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Aug · PMID 42173572 · Publisher ↗
Replacing sodium chloride (NaCl) with potassium chloride (KCl) is a worldwide sodium reduction strategy, yet bitterness and astringency from KCl affects salt flavor. To address this challenge, a coating technique utilizi...
Replacing sodium chloride (NaCl) with potassium chloride (KCl) is a worldwide sodium reduction strategy, yet bitterness and astringency from KCl affects salt flavor. To address this challenge, a coating technique utilizing starch and the derivatives on KCl via fluidized bed granulation was developed to mask bitterness and astringency in low-sodium salt formulation. Results indicated that the soluble and pre-gelatinized starch coating effectively modulated the interfacial release kinetics, significantly slowing the diffusion and burst release of K ions, thereby attenuating their oral bitterness perception. A novel low-sodium salt (NovLSS) was formulated by blending coated KCl (30%) with NaCl (70%). In a mouse model of high-salt diet-induced hypertension, NovLSS reduced the total serum sodium levels and high sodium related adverse syndromes, preventing the blood pressure rise and associated renal injury. Besides, NovLSS also modulated the gut microbiota balance, protected the intestinal barrier, produced short-chain fatty acids, and suppressed the inflammation. Collectively, this study presented a synergistic strategy of starch-based interfacial engineering and controlled-release technology to develop a NovLSS with dual functions of flavor masking and health promotion, exhibiting great potential for sodium reduced functional foods.
Chitosan and its derivatives in 3D printing: Printability, properties, and applications.
Wen Y, Qin M, Wei C … +2 more , Kim HW, Park HJ
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Aug · PMID 42173571 · Publisher ↗
3D printing shows great potential for customized design for the food industry and the biomedicine field. In 3D food printing, chitosan and chitooligosaccharides have been used to regulate material flow behavior and shape...
3D printing shows great potential for customized design for the food industry and the biomedicine field. In 3D food printing, chitosan and chitooligosaccharides have been used to regulate material flow behavior and shape fidelity, while chitosan and its derivatives have attracted extensive attention in the field of 3D bioprinting due to their unique biocompatibility, biodegradability, and functional diversity. However, existing studies and reviews lack mechanism-based guidance for formulation design across different matrices. This review provides a perspective from matrix to performance and interaction to elucidate how chitosan molecular characteristics interact with diverse matrices and determine printing performance, rheological behavior, and microstructure. Key properties, including printability, rheological properties, morphological characterization, functional groups, water states, thermal properties, sensory properties, and textural profiles, are systematically integrated to establish relationships between structure and property during process relevant to 3D printing. By bridging molecular-level mechanisms with practical formulation and processing strategies, this review offers viable guidance for chitosan modifications, concentration optimization, printing parameter adjustment, and practical applications. The proposed framework identifies current challenges and future research directions for scalable and standardized 3D printing applications, serving as a reference for industrial applications across diverse systems and printing situations.
Molecular weight of chitosan: From structural complexity to analytical reliability.
Zubareva AА, Gasilova ER, Poshina DN … +1 more , Skorik YA
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Aug · PMID 42173570 · Publisher ↗
The functional properties of chitosan are intrinsically linked to its molecular weight (MW), yet accurately determining MW remains a significant analytical challenge. This review critically evaluates methods for characte...
The functional properties of chitosan are intrinsically linked to its molecular weight (MW), yet accurately determining MW remains a significant analytical challenge. This review critically evaluates methods for characterizing the MW of chitosan, addressing discrepancies arising from polydispersity, aggregation, and polyelectrolyte effects. Techniques such as size-exclusion chromatography, light scattering, viscometry, and analytical ultracentrifugation are compared, with an emphasis on their principles, advantages, and limitations. The impact of structural heterogeneity - primarily degree of deacetylation, but also acetylation patterns - on the reliability of MW measurements is critically examined. The analysis reveals widespread inconsistencies in reported data due to the absence of standardized protocols for routine relative MW methods (e.g., conventional size-exclusion chromatography with column calibration using pullulan or dextran standards, and capillary viscometry). Recent methodological advances aimed at improving precision are also discussed. The review further emphasizes the urgent need for interlaboratory validation and unified standards to bridge the gap between laboratory research and commercial application. Notably, size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering has emerged as the "gold standard" for absolute MW determination of chitosan, as formalized in ASTM F2602-18. Robust MW characterization protocols are essential for advancing chitosan-based technologies in biomedicine and beyond.
Research progress on modified chitosan hydrogels for tissue repair and regeneration.
Chen H, Hu M, Liu N … +1 more , Li Y
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Aug · PMID 42173569 · Publisher ↗
Tissue repair and regeneration have long been core challenges in biomedical, and the development of functional biomaterials is crucial to addressing these issues. Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide derived from chitin, h...
Tissue repair and regeneration have long been core challenges in biomedical, and the development of functional biomaterials is crucial to addressing these issues. Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide derived from chitin, has garnered significant attention due to its antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. However, unmodified chitosan hydrogels exhibit inherent limitations, such as low mechanical strength, rapid degradation rate, poor water solubility, and limited drug controlled-release capability, which restrict their practical applications in tissue repair. Modification can significantly optimize the physicochemical and biological properties of chitosan. This review summarizes recent research progress on modified chitosan hydrogels for tissue repair and regeneration. First, it discusses common modification methods, including chemical, physical, and biological approaches, and introduces computational and AI-Driven Design strategies. Then, it elaborates on the applications of modified chitosan hydrogels in various tissue repair scenarios, such as skin wound healing, bone tissue regeneration, cartilage repair, and neural tissue regeneration. Finally, this review analyzes the current challenges faced by modified chitosan hydrogels and outlines future research directions, aiming to provide theoretical references and technical support for developing high-performance chitosan-based hydrogel materials in tissue engineering.
Mechanism-guided biomimetic calcium phosphate mineralization on agro-derived nanocellulose, chitosan, and pectin: Interfacial design rules for translation.
Vega-Baudrit JR, Lopretti M
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Aug · PMID 42173568 · Publisher ↗
Agro-derived polysaccharides, particularly nanocellulose, chitosan, and pectin, are emerging as sustainable, chemically programmable templates for biomimetic calcium phosphate (CaP) mineralization, yet translation-ready...
Agro-derived polysaccharides, particularly nanocellulose, chitosan, and pectin, are emerging as sustainable, chemically programmable templates for biomimetic calcium phosphate (CaP) mineralization, yet translation-ready systems remain limited by fragmented mechanistic interpretation, inconsistent materials characterization, and poor control of process variables. Existing reviews usually address simulated body fluid screening, CaP-polymer composites, or individual polysaccharide classes separately and therefore do not explain how feedstock history, polymer critical quality attributes, and mineralization kinetics jointly determine structure, function, and reproducibility. Here, we establish a unified mechanistic-translational framework for CaP mineralization on agro-derived polysaccharide scaffolds. We show how source and purification define molecular-weight distribution, degree of acetylation or esterification, charge density, residual ash, and endotoxin burden, and how these parameters govern interfacial ion association, hydration, prenucleation complex formation, amorphous calcium phosphate stabilization, and maturation toward octacalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and carbonated apatite. We further define how scaffold architecture and processing routes control mineral localization, including the shift from superficial coatings to volumetric mineralization. Finally, we propose mechanism-guided design rules and a minimum quantitative reporting set to improve reproducibility, comparability, and biomedical translation of bone-regenerative biomaterials.
Corrigendum to "Preparation and characterization of cellulose/N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide/graphene oxide hybrid hydrogels and aerogels" [Carbohydrate Polymers 196 (2018) 289-298].
Geng H
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Aug · PMID 42173567 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
A cellulose-based near-infrared fluorescent probe for rapid hypochlorous acid detection, ferroptosis monitoring, and in vivo imaging.
Chen Y, Li S, Liu K … +2 more , Chen Y, Kong F
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Aug · PMID 42173566 · Publisher ↗
Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is a widely used chemical reagent that plays a crucial role in physiological redox homeostasis. However, its precise detection in complex biological and environmental matrices remains challenging...
Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is a widely used chemical reagent that plays a crucial role in physiological redox homeostasis. However, its precise detection in complex biological and environmental matrices remains challenging. In this study, a novel cellulose-based Nile Red fluorescent probe (TC-NR) was synthesized by covalently tethering a Nile Red derivative (NR) onto a modified cellulose backbone. The cellulose-based probe functions as a "turn-on" sensor for hypochlorous acid (HClO) at λ = 667 nm. Owing to its superior fluorescence response, high selectivity, and favorable biocompatibility, TC-NR was validated in live-cell assays. It demonstrated sensitive imaging of exogenous and endogenous HClO, confirming its utility in monitoring dynamic changes in HClO levels during ferroptosis. Moreover, TC-NR exhibited robust performance with high sensitivity and precision (96.16-103.16% achieved recoveries) across diverse real-sample matrices such as tap water, Heihu Spring water, bottled drinking water, milk, and black tea. These results demonstrate the promising utility of TC-NR for the quantitative analysis of HClO, offering a powerful tool for applications spanning from environmental monitoring to biomedical research.
Insight into the role of citric acid in modulating retrogradation behavior and physicochemical properties of rice flour during short and long-term storage.
Cho DH, Ha M, Jun DS … +1 more , Chung HJ
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Aug · PMID 42173565 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated the effects of mild citric acid (CA) modification on the physicochemical properties and retrogradation behavior of rice flour under varying pH (3.5, 4.5, 5.5) and CA concentrations (1 M, 2 M). CA...
This study investigated the effects of mild citric acid (CA) modification on the physicochemical properties and retrogradation behavior of rice flour under varying pH (3.5, 4.5, 5.5) and CA concentrations (1 M, 2 M). CA treatment altered hydration, pasting, thermal, textural, and structural properties. Compared with native flour, CA-modified samples showed higher solubility (4.3 % → 29.6 %) and swelling power (15.6 → 19.3 g/g), reduced gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH: 10.1 → 5.2 J/g), elevated gelatinization peak temperature (T: 68.4 → 86.4 °C), and decreased peak viscosity (4388 → 498 cP), gel hardness (39.8 g → < 1.0 g), relative crystallinity after 7 days of storage (14.2 % → 7.6 %), and R after 7 days (0.696 → 0.622). The degree of substitution increased with decreasing pH and higher CA concentrations (0.438 at 2 M, pH 3.5), while damaged starch content also rose, reflecting acid hydrolysis. SEM revealed pronounced surface erosion and fissures at pH 3.5, whereas samples at pH 4.5 and 5.5 retained largely intact morphologies. Among all treatments, 2 M CA at pH 5.5 most effectively inhibited amylose-driven short-term retrogradation (relative setback: 54.5 % → 25.4 %) and amylopectin-driven long-term retrogradation (ΔHa: 16.8 g → ≤1.0 g). FT-IR spectra confirmed ester bond formation (1728 cm) at low pH and ionic COO interactions (1580 cm) at high pH, indicating dual modification pathways. Correlation analysis identified T and breakdown viscosity as predictive markers of retrogradation tendency. These findings demonstrate that mild CA modification enhances rice flour stability by modulating starch interactions, providing a practical strategy for shelf-stable rice-based products.
Corrigendum to "Characterization, bioactivity and pharmacokinetic study of a novel carbohydrate-peptide polymer: Glycol-split heparin-endostatin2 (GSHP-ES2)" [Carbohydrate Polymers 207 (2019) 79-90].
Sun F, Wang Z, Yang Z … +6 more , Li Y, Cui H, Liu C, Gao D, Wang F, Tan H
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Jul · PMID 42097783 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Physiological regulatory mechanisms of super hybrid indica rice on starch synthesis in response to different nitrogen fertilizer levels.
Yang X, Qi A, Mahmood N … +4 more , Fang Z, Qin J, Song X, Zhao Q
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Jul · PMID 42097782 · Publisher ↗
Nitrogen (N) fertilizers increase rice yield but it may also reduce rice quality, and the underlying mechanism is not elucidated. Here the impacts of different N levels on starch synthesis of two super hybrid indica rice...
Nitrogen (N) fertilizers increase rice yield but it may also reduce rice quality, and the underlying mechanism is not elucidated. Here the impacts of different N levels on starch synthesis of two super hybrid indica rice cultivars were investigated. The apparent amylose content (AAC) showed a reduction of 15.70%-18.95% in response to N application from 0 to 400 kg N ha, while protein content increased by 35.73%-46.56%. More protein accumulation in endosperm at 400 kg N ha, affecting starch development and resulting in a higher proportion of fa (DP 6-12) chain and reduced fb (DP 13-24) and fb (DP ≥ 37) chains. Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses indicated that under 200 kg N ha treatment, transcription levels of starch synthase and starch branching enzymes were increased compared to 0 and 400 kg N ha, leading to an increase in AAC and changes in amylopectin chain length distribution. Nitrogen fertilizer increased the activity of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthetase (GOGAT), promoting the GS/GOGAT cycle. Enhancement of nitrogen metabolism affected starch synthesis metabolism. The appropriate application of N fertilizer regulated the balance between carbon and nitrogen metabolism, improving processing and cooking qualities of super hybrid rice.
Effect of degree of substitution on the structural degradation and butyric acid production of butyrylated starch during in vitro fermentation.
Zhang Y, Hong Y, Xu Y … +3 more , Gu Z, Cheng L, Li L
Carbohydr Polym · 2026 Jul · PMID 42097781 · Publisher ↗
Butyrylated starch exhibits promising prospects as a butyric acid delivery carrier; however, the relationship between the degree of substitution (DS) and its structural degradation behavior and butyric acid delivery effi...
Butyrylated starch exhibits promising prospects as a butyric acid delivery carrier; however, the relationship between the degree of substitution (DS) and its structural degradation behavior and butyric acid delivery efficiency remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of DS on the structural degradation characteristics and butyric acid production of butyrylated normal maize starch (BNMS) through in vitro fermentation. At lower DS (0.05 and 0.15), the fewer butyric acid groups in BNMS generated a weak steric hindrance effect, resulting in severe structural disruption. At moderate DS (0.23), BNMS retained structural integrity through spatial steric hindrance resulting from numerous butyryl groups and its intact granular structure, while at higher DS (0.41 and 0.51), the abundant butyryl groups severely damaged particle structures while creating steric hindrance, causing microbes to preferentially degrade amorphous regions. Notably, butyric acid yield exhibited a nonlinear correlation with DS. BNMS with medium and high DS inhibited fermentation due to excessive steric hindrance, whereas BNMS at low DS (particularly DS = 0.15) could both supply exogenous butyric acid and be degraded to provide endogenous butyric acid. Therefore, DS = 0.15 BNMS exhibited excellent microbial accessibility and butyric acid yield, providing experimental evidence for the rational design of starch-based carriers with high butyric acid production.
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