As the most abundant natural carbohydrate in nature, polysaccharides have emerged as core carriers and key raw materials for developing fluorescent materials (FMs) with green attributes and excellent fluorescence perform...As the most abundant natural carbohydrate in nature, polysaccharides have emerged as core carriers and key raw materials for developing fluorescent materials (FMs) with green attributes and excellent fluorescence performance, owing to their biocompatibility, modifiability, structural diversity, and environmental friendliness. They play a decisive role in advancing the green and functional development of FMs. This review clearly defines polysaccharide-based FMs as fluorescent systems constructed with natural polysaccharides as core raw materials, and systematically analyzes the pivotal role of polysaccharides in fluorescence generation. These materials can either generate intrinsic fluorescence through cluster-triggered emission (CTE) mechanisms or serve as carriers, enhancers, and soft templates to introduce fluorescent components and regulate fluorescence properties via physical, chemical, in situ synthesis, or hybrid methods. Subsequently, the preparation methods of polysaccharide-based FMs with different morphological dimensions are summarized, and their application potential in fields such as environmental monitoring, biomedicine, information anti-counterfeiting, and intelligent textiles is discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future development trends of polysaccharide-based FMs are analyzed, aiming to highlight the core value of polysaccharides in the field of FMs and provide theoretical references and practical guidance for promoting the sustainable progress of green FMs.
The medicinal moss Rhodobryum giganteum is rich in polysaccharides, whose structural and biofunctional properties remain largely unexplored. In this study, a novel glucose-rich polysaccharide fraction (named RGP, 29.8 kD...The medicinal moss Rhodobryum giganteum is rich in polysaccharides, whose structural and biofunctional properties remain largely unexplored. In this study, a novel glucose-rich polysaccharide fraction (named RGP, 29.8 kDa) was isolated and characterized from R. giganteum. Structural analysis revealed a unique α-1,6-linked glucan backbone with C-2 acetylation, along with side chains composed of →4)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → and terminal α-d-glucopyranose units. RGP significantly promoted proliferation, phagocytosis, and cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6) secretion via the TLR4/PI3K-Akt/IκBα pathway in RAW264.7 cells. In immunosuppressed mice, RGP restored immune function, as shown by improved organ indices, elevated serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM), and alleviated splenic damage. Molecular docking revealed that RGP binds the hydrophobic pocket of the TLR4/PI3K-Akt/IκBα complex via its glucose chain, and dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of this interaction. These findings reveal the bioactivity of bryophyte polysaccharides and suggest RGP as a potential immunomodulatory agent.
Morphology-engineered nickel-iminodiacetic acid (Ni-IDA)-functionalized agarose magnetic composite microspheres (MAMs/Ni-IDA) were rationally designed and synthesized via emulsion-solidification strategy for the efficien...Morphology-engineered nickel-iminodiacetic acid (Ni-IDA)-functionalized agarose magnetic composite microspheres (MAMs/Ni-IDA) were rationally designed and synthesized via emulsion-solidification strategy for the efficient and selective histidine (His)-tagged proteins purification. The composite microspheres were constructed by incorporating large-sized system FeO magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into an agarose matrix, followed by Ni-chelated IDA functionalization. Optimal performance was achieved at 8% MNPs loading, which effectively suppressed microsphere agglomeration and maximized the epoxy group density (72.4 μmol/g), laying a robust foundation for subsequent IDA immobilization. Comprehensive characterizations including optical microscopy, laser particle sizing, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and elemental analysis (EDS) confirmed that the MAMs/Ni-IDA microspheres exhibited successful MAMs/Ni-IDA formation, well-defined structures, and excellent magnetic responsiveness. The Irregular@MAMs/Ni-IDA displayed a specific saturation magnetization of 16 emu/g, ensuring rapid and efficient magnetic separation. Zeta potential changes verified IDA/Ni grafting. Importantly, the Irregular@MAMs/Ni-IDA maintained exceptional selectivity and recyclability for target His-tagged proteins (28.3 kDa), retaining over 95% of their initial adsorption capacity after six consecutive purification cycles, outperforming commercial counterparts. These findings collectively highlighted the significant potential of the morphology-engineered Irregular@MAMs/Ni-IDA as a cost-effective and high-performance adsorbent for His-tagged protein purification in academic research and industrial bioprocessing.
A ∼ 20 kDa heteroglucan composed of glucose (Glc) and glucuronic acid (GlcA) was isolated from Hypsizygus marmoreus. Preliminary analysis through methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) showed the backb...A ∼ 20 kDa heteroglucan composed of glucose (Glc) and glucuronic acid (GlcA) was isolated from Hypsizygus marmoreus. Preliminary analysis through methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) showed the backbone consisted of β-1,6-linked d-glucopyranosyl (Glcp) residues, with branches at O-3 positions containing t-β-D-Glcp residues. The linkages of GlcA was carried out using partial acid and glycosidase hydrolysis. HILIC-FLR/ESI-MS, methylation and NMR of the partial acid and glycosidase hydrolysis products revealed GlcpA was in the forms of t-β-D-GlcpA and β-1,4-D-GlcpA attached to the C-3 position of part of the Glc in the main chain. Furthermore, the β-glucan exhibited structural heterogeneity, comprising three distinct domains: (a) unsubstituted β-1,6-glucan; (b) β-1,6-heteroglucan substituted with GlcA (1-2 sugar residues); and (c) β-1,6-heteroglucan substituted with Glc (single sugar residue). The proposed heteropolysaccharide structure provides critical insights into the structural diversity of mushroom-derived β-1,6-glucans, thereby facilitating future investigations into their structure-activity relationships.
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) poses a growing therapeutic challenge due to the scarcity of effective pharmacotherapies. Here, BRP2, a novel polysaccharide from Butyriboletus roseoflavus, was isolated and structurally cha...Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) poses a growing therapeutic challenge due to the scarcity of effective pharmacotherapies. Here, BRP2, a novel polysaccharide from Butyriboletus roseoflavus, was isolated and structurally characterized, featuring a complex backbone comprising →6)-α-Galp-(1→, →2,6)-α-Galp-(1→, and →2,6)-β-Manp-(1 → 3)-β-Fucp-(1→. This unique polysaccharide significantly ameliorated hepatic steatosis and DNA damage in both acute and chronic ALD models. Mechanistically, BRP2 reshaped the gut microbiota by enriching Akkermansia and suppressing Desulfovibrio, leading to a marked reduction in the microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Reduced TMAO levels alleviated inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation and enhanced Sirt1 deacetylase activity, which subsequently suppressed mTORC1 signaling. This cascade potently activated hepatoprotective autophagy, as evidenced by decreased p62/SQSTM1 and increased LC3-II levels. Collectively, this study reveals a BRP2-driven, microbiota-TMAO-dependent pathway that alleviates ALD through the AMPK/Sirt1/mTORC1-mediated autophagy axis, offering new insights into polysaccharide-based interventions for liver diseases.
This study presents a strategy for preparing ε-poly-l-lysine-grafted nanocellulose via TEMPO-laccase/O oxidation followed by aldehyde-directed Schiff-base coupling. The resulting nanofibrils, with lengths of 0.8-1.2 μm,...This study presents a strategy for preparing ε-poly-l-lysine-grafted nanocellulose via TEMPO-laccase/O oxidation followed by aldehyde-directed Schiff-base coupling. The resulting nanofibrils, with lengths of 0.8-1.2 μm, exhibited zwitterionic behavior, with ζ-potentials ranging from +49 to -28 mV, while Schiff-base grafting at pH 9 afforded the highest surface amino-group density of 0.915 ± 0.08 mmol g. Owing to the combination of high-aspect-ratio fibrillar morphology and amphoteric surface functionality, ε-PL-TLOCN enabled the formation of ultra-stable oil-in-water high-internal-phase emulsions (HIPEs) with oil volume fractions up to 82% at nanofibril concentrations below 0.8 wt%, in contrast to conventional aminated nanocellulose systems that require much higher particle loadings. Using curcumin as a model lipophilic nutraceutical, the resulting HIPEs exhibited enhanced photostability and increased in vitro gastrointestinal bioaccessibility to approximately 60%, compared with about 30% for bulk oil. These results demonstrate that enzymatic oxidation combined with Schiff-base grafting provides an effective route for constructing multifunctional nanocellulose and highlight ε-PL-TLOCN as a promising stabilizer for high-internal-phase emulsions and oral delivery systems.
Dextran is a water-soluble α-glucan that can be produced from sucrose using dextransucrases from lactic acid bacteria. Numerous studies have investigated fermentatively and enzymatically produced dextrans and their struc...Dextran is a water-soluble α-glucan that can be produced from sucrose using dextransucrases from lactic acid bacteria. Numerous studies have investigated fermentatively and enzymatically produced dextrans and their structure. However, the fine structure of dextrans, particularly their side-chain architecture, was rarely characterized. In this study, a quantitative approach for fine structural characterization of dextrans was developed and applied to ten structurally diverse dextrans. The method was based on endo-dextranase hydrolysis and HPAEC-PAD quantification of the liberated mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides (branched at position O2, O3, and O4) by using their relative response factors (RRFs). The developed method yielded detailed information on the occurrence of different structural elements. To obtain more reliable and quantitative information on side-chain length, TEMPO oxidation was used to selectively oxidize the terminal glucose units in the dextrans. This pretreatment in combination with a subsequent analysis of the enzymatically liberated oligosaccharides allowed for the differentiation between mono-, di-, and trimeric side chains and elongated side chains (> 3 glucose units). The application of the method showed clear differences between the side chain architectures of different O3-branched as well as O4-branched dextrans. Overall, the developed analytical approach provides detailed, unprecedented insights into the fine structure of dextrans.
Bacterial infections, particularly those caused by drug-resistant strains and biofilm-associated wounds, pose serious challenges in clinical treatment. Although phototherapy is a promising antibacterial approach, convent...Bacterial infections, particularly those caused by drug-resistant strains and biofilm-associated wounds, pose serious challenges in clinical treatment. Although phototherapy is a promising antibacterial approach, conventional photosensitizers suffer from poor stability, low photothermal conversion efficiency, and limited biofilm penetration. Herein, we developed an infection-responsive hyaluronic acid-modified cationic liposomal platform (HA@ICG@Lip) for synergistic photodynamic and photothermal antibacterial therapy. Elevated hyaluronidase (HAase) levels in infected tissues specifically degrade the outer HA layer, triggering enzyme-responsive deshielding to expose the positively charged liposomal core, which enhances bacterial adhesion and deep biofilm penetration. Upon near-infrared irradiation, indocyanine green (ICG) generates reactive oxygen species and localized heat, inducing bacterial membrane disruption and biofilm disintegration. Moreover, ICG forms J-aggregates within the liposomal matrix, improving near-infrared absorption and photothermal conversion efficiency. In vivo, HA@ICG@Lip combined with 808 nm LED irradiation effectively eradicated mixed-species biofilm infections and accelerated wound healing. This study provides a polysaccharide-based, infection-responsive phototherapeutic nanoplatform with potential for treating biofilm-associated infections.
Bamboo cellulose exhibits excellent biocompatibility and renewability, making it a promising alternative to conventional non-renewable petroleum-based resources. However, the inherent trade-off between strength and tough...Bamboo cellulose exhibits excellent biocompatibility and renewability, making it a promising alternative to conventional non-renewable petroleum-based resources. However, the inherent trade-off between strength and toughness, together with the flammability of cellulose, poses significant challenges for the development of bamboo cellulose-based films that simultaneously exhibit high strength, high toughness, and flame retardancy. In this study, a multiscale strategy involving deep eutectic solvent treatment is employed to deconstruct, modify, and reconstruct the bamboo cellulose network, thereby transforming it into a high-performance bioplastic. First, phosphorylated cellulose fibers with different size scales were prepared using a reactive ternary deep eutectic solvent. Subsequently, a film was successfully constructed via a micro/nano scale design strategy involving the physical entanglement of cellulose microfibrils and the physical filling of cellulose nanocrystals. The resulting film exhibits high strength (82.32 MPa), high toughness (20.05 MJ m), excellent flame retardancy (LOI = 62.17%), as well as outstanding thermal stability, biodegradability, and recyclability, outperforming most reported cellulose-based flame-retardant films. This study demonstrates the significant promise of bamboo biomass as a sustainable substitute for petroleum-derived materials, thereby advancing the transition toward high-value applications of bamboo cellulose.
Nicomenthyl (NM), prodrug of niacinamide (vitamin B3), is widely used in skin applications for their biological benefits, but remain mainly in the stratum corneum (SC). Bioactive methacrylate-functionalized hyaluronic ac...Nicomenthyl (NM), prodrug of niacinamide (vitamin B3), is widely used in skin applications for their biological benefits, but remain mainly in the stratum corneum (SC). Bioactive methacrylate-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA-MA) (44.5 KDa; degree of substitution: 80-100%), used to stabilize Oil-in-Water emulsions (EM) as new application for polysaccharide, represent an effective strategy to trespass SC. Here, 265 nm stable EMs containing 5 wt% NM (EM-NM) resulted in 3.22, 2.84 and 1.98 fold-increase of COL I/III and Elastin expression, respectively, compared to basal levels of HDF cells. After 24 h, >90% of HaCat/HDF scratched area was covered with EM-NM, significantly higher than NM alone. UVB protection and anti-inflammatory activity of EM-NM were confirmed by recovering IL-6 basal level for UV-irradiated HaCat/HDF cell. While EM-NM reached stratum basale after 24 h-biodistribution studies, it reduced UVB-induced IL-6/IL-8 expression and restored COL I/III expression in photoaged skin models to healthy skin phenotype. While SPTLC2 expression was increased by 1.87-fold in the epidermis, ELN expression was increased by 1.69-fold in the dermis. Altogether, EM-NM proved to enhance NM biological activity and promote skin barrier function of the epidermis and increase elastin production in the dermis, highlighting its potential as a UV-protective and anti-aging cosmetic ingredient.
The development of adsorbents with high stability and efficiency under strongly acidic conditions remains a critical bottleneck for uranium(VI) removal from wastewater. This work innovatively fabricates polyethyleneimine...The development of adsorbents with high stability and efficiency under strongly acidic conditions remains a critical bottleneck for uranium(VI) removal from wastewater. This work innovatively fabricates polyethyleneimine-enhanced phosphate-doped chitosan-SiO hybrid aerogels (Pi-P@CSHA) via a facile sol-gel and freeze-drying route. The novelty lies in the synergistic dual-modification strategy: polyethyleneimine acts as a cross-linker, which substantially enhances the structural stability of the aerogel in acidic media, while phosphate provides specific, high-affinity binding sites for uranium(VI) complexation. Systematic characterizations confirmed the successful preparation of Pi-P@CSHA and revealed that it has a well-defined porous structure. Pi-P@CSHA exhibits exceptional adsorption performance, achieving a maximum static adsorption capacity of 244.9 mg/g (m/V = 1 g/L) and a dynamic saturation adsorption capacity of about 230.0 mg/g at pH = 4. Notably, the adsorption efficiency remains above 58.8% even at pH = 2 and exceeds 91.9% in the presence of coexisting cations at pH = 4, significantly surpassing most reported counterparts. The high-efficiency adsorption is achieved through the synergistic complexation of uranium(VI) with functional active sites such as phosphate, -NH and -OH. In a word, the study provides a novel, robust and highly efficient adsorbent, highlighting the critical role of component synergy for treating acidic uranium-containing wastewater.
Biomass-derived solar evaporators offer a promising solution to freshwater scarcity, yet conventional designs often suffer from limited evaporation rates. Inspired by the structure of Thalia dealbata stems, we prepared a...Biomass-derived solar evaporators offer a promising solution to freshwater scarcity, yet conventional designs often suffer from limited evaporation rates. Inspired by the structure of Thalia dealbata stems, we prepared a TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber evaporation material (TPP-B) featuring a biomimetic "layer-bridge" porous architecture via bidirectional freeze-casting combined with in-situ polymerization of polypyrrole and incorporation of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). The bidirectional freezing-induced architecture endows TPP-B with efficient thermal localization, high compressive strength, reduced evaporation enthalpy, and notable salt tolerance. Under 1 sun irradiation, TPP3-B achieves an evaporation rate of 3.40 ± 0.16 kg m h with 98.6 ± 2.2% energy efficiency, while steadily generating electricity. Increasing the evaporator height to 15 mm enhances the cold evaporation zone and thermal localization, achieving an ultrahigh evaporation rate of 4.34 ± 0.22 kg m h. Life cycle assessment confirms the low carbon footprint (8.03 kg CO eq. kg) of TPP3-B, highlighting its environmental advantage. This work offers a sustainable strategy for coupled water-energy challenges.
Long-range piezoelectric transduction in flexible hydrogels is limited by the "trade-off" of conductive pathways between accelerating charge dissipation and suppressing dipole formation. Here, we introduce a surface-hete...Long-range piezoelectric transduction in flexible hydrogels is limited by the "trade-off" of conductive pathways between accelerating charge dissipation and suppressing dipole formation. Here, we introduce a surface-heterojunction strategy converting cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into conductive dipolar nanorods by deprotonation of poly(aminophenylboronic acid) (PABA) coating. Boronated ester bonding and hydrogen-bonds at CNCs/PABA interface collectively strengthen dipole moments while inducing n-type doping in PABA and thus enabling charge transport for 18.9-fold conductivity. Integrating molecular-level interfacial alignment of conjugated moieties, CNCs with higher aspect-ratio further promote percolation and reduce threshold by ∼14%. The charge transport range in hydrogel is then elongated, which improves its conductivity by 7.0 times and yields robust piezo-electric/resistive dual-mode responsiveness. The hydrogen-bond network also improves adhesion, and imparts intrinsic sensitivity to temperature, salinity, and pH, for distinguishing complex motions and physiological events. This heterojunction-driven co-engineering of dipoles and conductivity offers a generalizable materials concept for advancing high-fidelity soft bioelectronic sensing.
Cellulose, as an abundant and sustainable carbohydrate polymer, has emerged as a promising platform for radiative cooling due to the intrinsic infrared activity of its C-O-C and CC vibrational bonds. However, conventiona...Cellulose, as an abundant and sustainable carbohydrate polymer, has emerged as a promising platform for radiative cooling due to the intrinsic infrared activity of its C-O-C and CC vibrational bonds. However, conventional cellulose material face critical challenges in cooling efficiency, environmental durability, and scalable fabrication for outdoor portable applications. Herein, inspired by the "flexible and tough" structure of pangolin scales, a biomimetic, scalable, and high-performance ultra-lightweight radiative cooling ZnO@ZIF-8 carboxymethylated fiber paper (ZZCFP) fabricated via in-situ growth of porous core-shell ZnO@ZIF-8 (ZZ) within a carboxymethylated cellulose paper (CFP) was developed. The tight binding and uniform dispersion of ZnO@ZIF-8 with CFP endow it with a hierarchical pore structure, simultaneously enhancing light scattering and thermal emission effects, leading to outstanding solar reflectance (98.2%) and high thermal emittance (96.5%). In addition, ZZCFP exhibits remarkable mechanical robustness (16.8 MPa tensile strength) along with superhydrophobicity, UV resistance, and biodegradability. Outdoor testing demonstrates a sub-ambient cooling effect of 15.4 °C under direct sunlight. Practical applications in automotive engine and temporary strawberry storage achieved cooling of 10.6 °C and 11.7 °C, respectively. This work provides a scalable and sustainable pathway to high-performance, durable radiative cooling materials, establishing a design paradigm for multifunctional cellulose-based composites in sustainable thermal management.
Okara, a byproduct of soybean processing, can be valorized through microbial fermentation to yield bioactive compounds. In this study, we used Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, a Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium commonly...Okara, a byproduct of soybean processing, can be valorized through microbial fermentation to yield bioactive compounds. In this study, we used Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, a Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium commonly applied in probiotic and dairy fermentations, to perform solid-state fermentation of okara. Crude polysaccharides were then purified using DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and BioGel P-2 gel filtration chromatography, yielding a high-purity β-1,4-galactan polysaccharide fraction (LPP-A) with an average molecular weight of 6 kDa. To assess its immunostimulatory potential, LPP-A was evaluated as an adjuvant in a murine vaccination model with ovalbumin (OVA) as the antigen. Mice immunized with OVA plus LPP-A induced robust OVA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses and high IgG antibody titers, indicating the induction of strong antigen-specific cellular and humoral responses. In a subsequent tumor challenge, the OVA plus LPP-A group showed significantly inhibited EG7-OVA tumor growth, suggesting high potential for LPP-A as an immune-enhancing adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy. These results demonstrate that fermenting okara can produce a β-1,4-galactan (LPP-A) with potent vaccine adjuvant properties, supporting its value in protein-based immunization strategies.
Resistant starch (RS) escapes digestion in the small intestine and is fermented by the gut microbiota in the colon, producing short-chain fatty acids that modulate human health. Although the physiological impacts of RS a...Resistant starch (RS) escapes digestion in the small intestine and is fermented by the gut microbiota in the colon, producing short-chain fatty acids that modulate human health. Although the physiological impacts of RS are well studied, the chemical structure that results in digestion resistance remains unclear. In this study, we coupled an enzymatic starch digestion assay and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to elucidate RS structure. RS was isolated using a commercially available enzyme assay and analyzed by glycosidic linkage profiling. We applied this workflow to commercial standards and commonly consumed high-starch foods. Based on the glycosidic linkage results, we generated ratios to represent the chain length and branching frequency of starch. Starches with high RS content are characterized by high (4-Glc)/(T-Glc) ratio and low (4,6-Glc)/(4-Glc) ratio. The production of α-limit dextrin post enzymatic digestion also contributes to starch resistance. Application of this method to actual food samples revealed that many starch-rich staple foods exhibit amylopectin-like structures and were low in RS while whole grain products contained more diverse polysaccharides that affect starch digestion.
Overcoming the performance trade-offs among mechanical strength, bioactivity, and processability remains a pivotal challenge for Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) membranes. Herein, we present a multi-level design strategy...Overcoming the performance trade-offs among mechanical strength, bioactivity, and processability remains a pivotal challenge for Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) membranes. Herein, we present a multi-level design strategy that systematically integrates material engineering across molecular, microstructural, and macroscopic scales to address this challenge. Specifically, at the macroscopic level, a sisal fiber-reinforced chitosan base layer provides robust structural support, achieving exceptional mechanical strength (39.48 MPa). At the molecular level, a hybrid hydroxyapatite co-functionalized with carboxymethyl cellulose, zoledronic acid, and phytic acid confers enhanced osteogenic activity and antioxidant capacity (87-95% DPPH scavenging). At the microstructural level, sophisticated surface micropatterning is constructed via a scalable process combining dynamic crosslinking and temperature-modulated phase separation, which actively guide cell behavior. This integrated design synergistically enhances osteogenic differentiation and mineralization, as evidenced by in vitro studies demonstrating the cooperative effects of its unique topology and sustained bioactive signals from the hybrid HAp. In a rat calvarial defect model, the membrane achieved exceptional bone regeneration (97.17 ± 1.7% BV/TV) at 8 weeks, markedly outperforming the control (64.04 ± 3.55%). This work presents a versatile platform highlighting the pivotal role of engineered carbohydrate polymers (chitosan and CMC) and plant-derived fibers in advanced bone biomaterials, offering a new design paradigm.
This study developed a biobased composite film for beef preservation, using covalently quaternized cellulose nanocrystals (qACN) derived from areca catechu L. cellulose as the reinforcing phase, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate)/...This study developed a biobased composite film for beef preservation, using covalently quaternized cellulose nanocrystals (qACN) derived from areca catechu L. cellulose as the reinforcing phase, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate)/polylactic acid (PHB/PLA) as the matrix, and oregano essential oil encapsulated in ZIF-8 (OEO@ZIF-8) to provide antimicrobial and antioxidant functions. Characterization confirmed charge inversion and improved dispersion of qACN, while the structural integrity of OEO@ZIF-8 was maintained. Incorporating qACN markedly improved film properties, increasing tensile strength by 39.88% and reducing water vapor permeability and oxygen transmission rate by 11.90% and 45.10%, respectively. The composite films showed no evident cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells, with cell viability of 94.35 ± 1.91% (undiluted) and 96.80 ± 2.09% (50% dilution) for the PHB/PLA/qACN/OEO@ZIF-8 group, and the films exhibited good biodegradability under soil-burial conditions, supporting biosafety and sustainability. In chilled-beef applications, the PHB/PLA/qACN/OEO@ZIF-8 film inhibited microbial growth and oxidative deterioration and extended shelf life to 12 days. These results indicate the potential of waste-derived qACN and MOF-assisted essential-oil delivery for active food-packaging applications.