SpringerPlus[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Some isomorphic properties of -polar fuzzy graphs with applications.
Ghorai G, Pal M
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28066695 · Full text
The theory of graphs are very useful tool in solving the combinatorial problems in different areas of computer science and computational intelligence systems. In this paper, we present a frame work to handle -polar fuzzy...
The theory of graphs are very useful tool in solving the combinatorial problems in different areas of computer science and computational intelligence systems. In this paper, we present a frame work to handle -polar fuzzy information by combining the theory of -polar fuzzy sets with graphs. We introduce the notion of weak self complement -polar fuzzy graphs and establish a necessary condition for -polar fuzzy graph to be weak self complement. Some properties of self complement and weak self complement -polar fuzzy graphs are discussed. The order, size, busy vertices and free vertices of an -polar fuzzy graphs are also defined and proved that isomorphic -polar fuzzy graphs have same order, size and degree. Also, we have presented some results of busy vertices in isomorphic and weak isomorphic -polar fuzzy graphs. Finally, a relative study of complement and operations on -polar fuzzy graphs have been made. Applications of -polar fuzzy graph are also given at the end.
Ontology construction and application in practice case study of health tourism in Thailand.
Chantrapornchai C, Choksuchat C
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28053835 · Full text
Ontology is one of the key components in semantic webs. It contains the core knowledge for an effective search. However, building ontology requires the carefully-collected knowledge which is very domain-sensitive. In thi...
Ontology is one of the key components in semantic webs. It contains the core knowledge for an effective search. However, building ontology requires the carefully-collected knowledge which is very domain-sensitive. In this work, we present the practice of ontology construction for a case study of health tourism in Thailand. The whole process follows the METHONTOLOGY approach, which consists of phases: information gathering, corpus study, ontology engineering, evaluation, publishing, and the application construction. Different sources of data such as structure web documents like HTML and other documents are acquired in the information gathering process. The tourism corpora from various tourism texts and standards are explored. The ontology is evaluated in two aspects: automatic reasoning using Pellet, and RacerPro, and the questionnaires, used to evaluate by experts of the domains: tourism domain experts and ontology experts. The ontology usability is demonstrated via the semantic web application and via example axioms. The developed ontology is actually the first health tourism ontology in Thailand with the published application.
Phenolics profile and anti-proliferative activity of fruit in breast and liver cancer cells.
Mutalib MA, Ali F, Othman F … +2 more , Ramasamy R, Rahmat A
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28053834 · Full text
BACKGROUND: (C. ) belongs to the Solanaceae family. This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-proliferative of crude extract against selected cancer cell lines (breast and liver cancer) and to identify the polyphenolic...
BACKGROUND: (C. ) belongs to the Solanaceae family. This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-proliferative of crude extract against selected cancer cell lines (breast and liver cancer) and to identify the polyphenolics profile (phenolic acids and flavonoids) of . fruits. Anti-proliferative effect of the extracts was examined using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, followed by cell morphology analysis using acridine orange and propidium iodide double staining. RESULTS: The phenolics profile was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). . extract showed a high cytotoxic effect against liver and breast cancer cell lines with the IC value of 30 and 80 µg/ml, respectively. Phenolics profiling showed that . extract has a wide variety of polyphenolic compounds which are the responsible substances underlying the cytotoxic activity. The microscopic examination analysed by acridine orange and propidium iodide double staining showed that viable cells of the liver and breast cells were well rounded, large and intact green nuclei compared with the treated cells that characterized by apoptotic features (shrunken nuclei with a less quantity of cytoplasm). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that the anti-proliferative properties of . fruits were partially attributed to the rich phenolics content. It supports the hypothesis that . fruits have potential as an effective agent in cancer therapy.
What makes it likeable? A study on the reactions to messages in a digital social network: the case of Facebook in Farsi.
Sabbar S, Hyun D
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28053833 · Full text
BACKGROUND: After a piece of information is put into a network, its fate depends on the behaviors of the nodes of the network; nodes that are equipped with the hardware and software of the age of information and are more...
BACKGROUND: After a piece of information is put into a network, its fate depends on the behaviors of the nodes of the network; nodes that are equipped with the hardware and software of the age of information and are more powerful than any time in the past. This study suggests that a useful research for communication, marketing and advertising would be one that looks for patterns in the reactions of the nodes toward different pieces of information. RESULTS: This study has used Facebook to see how people have reacted to different types of messages in terms of liking, sharing and commenting. Rather than looking for universal, generalizable patterns we have tried to examine the practicality of the proposed method. The practical aspect of the study comes after a short theoretical discussion on the issue of flow of information in a digital world. The results revealed dozens of significant relations between the examined variables. CONCLUSIONS: This study, its theoretical discussion and results suggest that it would be practical to study the relations between the characteristics of Facebook messages and the type of reactions (liking, sharing and commenting) that they attract.
Effect of various anticoagulants on the bioanalysis of drugs in rat blood: implication for pharmacokinetic studies of anticancer drugs.
Kulkarni P, Karanam A, Gurjar M … +4 more , Dhoble S, Naik AB, Vidhun BH, Gota V
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28053832 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Pharmacokinetic studies are vital in development and optimization of drugs. While blood samples can be collected either in EDTA, heparin or citrate containing tubes for the estimation of drug levels in plasma...
BACKGROUND: Pharmacokinetic studies are vital in development and optimization of drugs. While blood samples can be collected either in EDTA, heparin or citrate containing tubes for the estimation of drug levels in plasma, EDTA tubes are more commonly used. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of anticoagulants on bioanalysis of drugs. Six drugs used extensively in cancer therapy were selected. Albino wistar rats (N = 6 per drug) were dosed with one of the following drugs intraperitoneally-pemetrexed (50 mg/kg), imatinib (50 mg/kg), erlotinib (25 mg/kg), meropenem (60 mg/kg), 6-mercaptopurine (20 mg/kg) and voriconazole (6 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected 2 h after dosing (1 h in 6-mercaptopurine group due to short half-life) by terminal bleeding from the retro-orbital plexus. Blood was collected in each of Disodium ETDA, heparin, trisodium citrate (TSC) and no anticoagulant (plain) tubes. Drug levels in these samples were determined by validated HPLC assays. ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was performed to identify statistically significant differences in drug concentrations in anticoagulant tubes. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Significant differences in concentration between anticoagulant tubes was observed in case of erlotinib (p = 0.013) and meropenem (p = 0.00), while borderline statistical significance for pemetrexed (p = 0.076). TSC tubes overestimated erlotinib levels, heparin tubes underestimated meropenem concentrations and EDTA tubes overestimated pemetrexed concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Careful selection of anti-coagulant is necessary for accurate characterization of pharmacokinetics of drugs. Routine use of EDTA tubes may lead to erroneous interpretation of pharmacokinetic data.
An EMG-based feature extraction method using a normalized weight vertical visibility algorithm for myopathy and neuropathy detection.
Artameeyanant P, Sultornsanee S, Chamnongthai K
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28053831 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Electromyography (EMG) signals recorded from healthy, myopathic, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) subjects are nonlinear, non-stationary, and similar in the time domain and the frequency domain. Theref...
BACKGROUND: Electromyography (EMG) signals recorded from healthy, myopathic, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) subjects are nonlinear, non-stationary, and similar in the time domain and the frequency domain. Therefore, it is difficult to classify these various statuses. METHODS: This study proposes an EMG-based feature extraction method based on a normalized weight vertical visibility algorithm (NWVVA) for myopathy and ALS detection. In this method, sampling points or nodes based on sampling theory are extracted, and features are derived based on relations among the vertical visibility nodes with their amplitude differences as weights. The features are calculated via selective statistical mechanics and measurements, and the obtained features are assembled into a feature matrix as classifier input. Finally, powerful classifiers, such as -nearest neighbor, multilayer perceptron neural network, and support vector machine classifiers, are utilized to differentiate signals of healthy, myopathy, and ALS cases. RESULTS: Performance evaluation experiments are carried out, and the results revealed 98.36% accuracy, which corresponds to approximately a 2% improvement compared with conventional methods. CONCLUSIONS: An EMG-based feature extraction method using a NWVVA is proposed and implemented to detect healthy, ALS, and myopathy statuses.
Volumetric medical image compression using 3D listless embedded block partitioning.
Senapati RK, Prasad PM, Swain G … +1 more , Shankar TN
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28053830 · Full text
This paper presents a listless variant of a modified three-dimensional (3D)-block coding algorithm suitable for medical image compression. A higher degree of correlation is achieved by using a 3D hybrid transform. The 3D...
This paper presents a listless variant of a modified three-dimensional (3D)-block coding algorithm suitable for medical image compression. A higher degree of correlation is achieved by using a 3D hybrid transform. The 3D hybrid transform is performed by a wavelet transform in the spatial dimension and a Karhunen-Loueve transform in the spectral dimension. The 3D transformed coefficients are arranged in a one-dimensional (1D) fashion, as in the hierarchical nature of the wavelet-coefficient distribution strategy. A novel listless block coding algorithm is applied to the mapped 1D coefficients which encode in an ordered-bit-plane fashion. The algorithm originates from the most significant bit plane and terminates at the least significant bit plane to generate an embedded bit stream, as in 3D-SPIHT. The proposed algorithm is called 3D hierarchical listless block (3D-HLCK), which exhibits better compression performance than that exhibited by 3D-SPIHT. Further, it is highly competitive with some of the state-of-the-art 3D wavelet coders for a wide range of bit rates for magnetic resonance, digital imaging and communication in medicine and angiogram images. 3D-HLCK provides rate and resolution scalability similar to those provided by 3D-SPIHT and 3D-SPECK. In addition, a significant memory reduction is achieved owing to the listless nature of 3D-HLCK.
Influence of particle size on non-Darcy seepage of water and sediment in fractured rock.
Liu Y, Li S
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28053829 · Full text
Surface water, groundwater and sand can flow into mine goaf through the fractured rock, which often leads to water inrush and quicksand movement. It is important to study the mechanical properties of water and sand in ex...
Surface water, groundwater and sand can flow into mine goaf through the fractured rock, which often leads to water inrush and quicksand movement. It is important to study the mechanical properties of water and sand in excavations sites under different conditions and the influencing factors of the water and sand seepage system. The viscosity of water-sand mixtures under different particle sizes, different concentration was tested based on the relationship between the shear strain rate and the surface viscosity. Using the self-designed seepage circuit, we tested permeability of water and sand in fractured rock. The results showed that (1) effective fluidity is in 10-10 m s/kg, while the non-Darcy coefficient ranges from 10 to 10 m with the change of particle size of sand; (2) effective fluidity decreases as the particle size of sand increased; (3) the non-Darcy coefficient ranges from 10 to 10 m depending on particle size and showed contrary results. Moreover, the relationship between effective fluidity and the particle size of sand is fitted by the exponential function. The relationship between the non-Darcy coefficient and the particle size of sand is also fitted by the exponential function.
Characterization of saliva microbiota's functional feature based on metagenomic sequencing.
Yang F, Ning K, Zeng X … +3 more , Zhou Q, Su X, Yuan X
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28053828 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Saliva, a mixture of exocrinally secretive fluids, amounts to ~1.5 L daily and harbors numerous microbial inhabitants. However, except the organismal structure of saliva microbiota, the functional profile of s...
OBJECTIVE: Saliva, a mixture of exocrinally secretive fluids, amounts to ~1.5 L daily and harbors numerous microbial inhabitants. However, except the organismal structure of saliva microbiota, the functional profile of saliva microbiota remain elusive. METHODS: Here we used metagenomic sequencing to experimentally reconstruct the global genomic profile of saliva by sequencing total saliva DNA from two healthy and two caries-active (DMFT ≧ 6) adults. RESULTS: We found that saliva microbiota, representing 30-60% of total saliva DNA in our samples, might carry functional signatures that were site-specific and caries-state-specific. Among microbiota from different hosts, a prominent functional core, but not an organismal core, was identified. Each microbiota exhibited functional redundancy where dominant genomes tend to encode more functional diversity yet without necessarily contributing to dominant functions. Furthermore, genetic polymorphisms of hosts were also unraveled from salivary DNA without apparent physical or sequence bias in human chromosomes. CONCLUSIONS: The microbial functional sensitivity to disease, links to specific functions, and permission of simultaneous genotyping of hosts and microbiota suggested sequencing salivary DNA might be an advantageous venue in uncovering both human and microbial basis of oral infections.
Are the expected benefits of requirements reuse hampered by distance? An experiment.
Carrillo de Gea JM, Nicolás J, Fernández-Alemán JL … +2 more , Toval A, Idri A
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28053827 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Software development processes are often performed by distributed teams which may be separated by great distances. Global software development (GSD) has undergone a significant growth in recent years. The cha...
BACKGROUND: Software development processes are often performed by distributed teams which may be separated by great distances. Global software development (GSD) has undergone a significant growth in recent years. The challenges concerning GSD are especially relevant to requirements engineering (RE). Stakeholders need to share a common ground, but there are many difficulties as regards the potentially variable interpretation of the requirements in different contexts. We posit that the application of requirements reuse techniques could alleviate this problem through the diminution of the number of requirements open to misinterpretation. RESULTS: This paper presents a reuse-based approach with which to address RE in GSD, with special emphasis on specification techniques, namely parameterised requirements and traceability relationships. An experiment was carried out with the participation of 29 university students enrolled on a Computer Science and Engineering course. Two main scenarios that represented co-localisation and distribution in software development were portrayed by participants from Spain and Morocco. The global teams achieved a slightly better performance than the co-located teams as regards , which could be a result of the worse of the global teams in comparison to the co-located teams. Subjective perceptions were generally more positive in the case of the distributed teams (, and ), with the exception of . CONCLUSIONS: A theoretical model has been proposed as an evaluation framework with which to analyse, from the point of view of the factor of distance, the effect of requirements specification techniques on a set of performance and perception-based variables. The experiment utilised a new internationalisation requirements catalogue. None of the differences found between co-located and distributed teams were significant according to the outcome of our statistical tests. The well-known benefits of requirements reuse in traditional co-located projects could, therefore, also be expected in GSD projects.
Twelfth degree spline with application to quadrature.
Mohammed PO, Hamasalh FK
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28050334 · Full text
In this paper existence and uniqueness of twelfth degree spline is proved with application to quadrature. This formula is in the class of splines of degree 12 and continuity order [Formula: see text] that matches the der...
In this paper existence and uniqueness of twelfth degree spline is proved with application to quadrature. This formula is in the class of splines of degree 12 and continuity order [Formula: see text] that matches the derivatives up to order 6 at the knots of a uniform partition. Some mistakes in the literature are pointed out and corrected. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the applicability and efficiency of the new method.
Mutation detection in Chinese patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.
Du R, Fan LL, Lin MJ … +7 more , He ZJ, Huang H, Chen YQ, Li JJ, Xia K, Zhao SP, Xiang R
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28028493 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the first molecularly and clinically characterized genetic disease of lipid metabolism. It is an autosomal dominant disorder with significantly elevated levels of total c...
BACKGROUND: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the first molecularly and clinically characterized genetic disease of lipid metabolism. It is an autosomal dominant disorder with significantly elevated levels of total cholesterol and low density of lipoprotein cholesterol in serum, which would lead to extensive xanthomas and premature coronary heart disease. Mutations in (), and - () have been identified to be the underlying cause of this disease. METHODS: Genetic testing and reports of the mutations in the Chinese population are still limited. In this study, 11 unrelated Chinese FH families were enrolled to detect the candidate gene variants by DNA direct sequencing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We identified 12 mutations (11 in and one in ) in ten FH families. Three novel mutations (c.516C>A/p.D172E, c.1720C>A/p.R574S and c.760C>T/p.Q254X) were identified and co-segregated with the affected individuals in the families. Our discoveries not only further supports the significant role of LDLR in FH, but also expands the spectrum of mutations. These new insights will contribute to the genetic diagnosis and counseling of FH patients.
Traveling wave solutions of the time-delayed generalized Burgers-type equations.
Tang B, Fan Y, Wang X … +2 more , Wang J, Chen S
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28028492 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Recently, nonlinear time-delayed evolution equations have received considerable interest due to their numerous applications in the areas of physics, biology, chemistry and so on. METHODS: In this paper, we ob...
BACKGROUND: Recently, nonlinear time-delayed evolution equations have received considerable interest due to their numerous applications in the areas of physics, biology, chemistry and so on. METHODS: In this paper, we obtain traveling wave solutions by using the extended [Formula: see text]-expansion method. RESULTS: Based on the method, we get many solutions of the time-delayed generalized Burgers-type equations. CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal that the extended [Formula: see text]-expansion method is direct, effective and can be used for many other nonlinear time-delayed evolution equations.
Cryptococcal meningitis associated with increased adenosine deaminase in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Tanaka Y, Satomi K
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28028491 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Clinically, increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) adenosine deaminase (ADA) level is an important diagnostic clue of tuberculous meningitis. However, increased CSF ADA level can be caused by other neurologica...
INTRODUCTION: Clinically, increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) adenosine deaminase (ADA) level is an important diagnostic clue of tuberculous meningitis. However, increased CSF ADA level can be caused by other neurological diseases. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report a case of a 67-year-old woman with cryptococcal meningitis presented with increased ADA level of the CSF. In parallel with her recovery, the ADA level of CSF decreased steadily. This is the first case described the chronological change in CSF ADA level of the patient with cryptococcal meningitis in detail. DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION: Clinically, increased CSF ADA level is an important diagnostic clue of tuberculous meningitis. However, previously, it was reported that increased CSF ADA level can be caused by other neurological diseases. In this case, the patient was diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis, and the possibility of coinfection with tuberculous meningitis has been discarded by the negative PCR, negative cultures and the clinical course. In addition, the chronological change in CSF ADA level was useful for follow-up assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Cryptococcal meningitis should be considered for the differential diagnosis for diseases presented increased CSF ADA.
Discussion on software aging management of nuclear power plant safety digital control system.
Liang H, Gu P, Tang J … +2 more , Chen W, Gao F
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28028490 · Full text
Managing the aging of digital control systems ensures that nuclear power plant systems are in adequate safety margins during their life cycles. Software is a core component in the execution of control logic and differs b...
Managing the aging of digital control systems ensures that nuclear power plant systems are in adequate safety margins during their life cycles. Software is a core component in the execution of control logic and differs between digital and analog control systems. The hardware aging management for the digital control system is similar to that for the analog system, which has matured over decades of study. However, software aging management is still in the exploratory stage. Software aging evaluation is critical given the higher reliability and safety requirements of nuclear power plants. To ensure effective inputs for reliability assessment, this paper provides the required software aging information during the life cycle. Moreover, the software aging management scheme for safety digital control system is proposed on the basis of collected aging information.
Biomarkers for diagnosis of sepsis in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Liu Y, Hou JH, Li Q … +3 more , Chen KJ, Wang SN, Wang JM
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28028489 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Sepsis is one of the most common diseases that seriously threaten human health. Although a large number of markers related to sepsis have been reported in the last two decades, the diagnostic accuracy of thes...
BACKGROUND: Sepsis is one of the most common diseases that seriously threaten human health. Although a large number of markers related to sepsis have been reported in the last two decades, the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers remains unclear due to the lack of similar baselines among studies. Therefore, we conducted a large systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic value of biomarkers from studies that included non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome patients as a control group. METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase and the reference lists of identified studies beginning in April 2014. The last retrieval was updated in September 2016. RESULTS: Ultimately, 86 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Sixty biomarkers and 10,438 subjects entered the final analysis. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the 7 most common biomarkers, including procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, presepsin, lipopolysaccharide binding protein and CD64, were 0.85, 0.77, 0.79, 0.85, 0.88, 0.71 and 0.96, respectively. The remaining 53 biomarkers exhibited obvious variances in diagnostic value and methodological quality. CONCLUSIONS: Although some biomarkers displayed moderate or above moderate diagnostic value for sepsis, the limitations of the methodological quality and sample size may weaken these findings. Currently, we still lack an ideal biomarker to aid in the diagnosis of sepsis. In the future, biomarkers with better diagnostic value as well as a combined diagnosis using multiple biomarkers are expected to solve the challenge of the diagnosis of sepsis.
Exact solutions for unsteady free convection flow over an oscillating plate due to non-coaxial rotation.
Mohamad AQ, Khan I, Ismail Z … +1 more , Shafie S
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28018798 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Non-coaxial rotation has wide applications in engineering devices, e.g. in food processing such as mixer machines and stirrers with a two-axis kneader, in cooling turbine blades, jet engines, pumps and vacuum...
BACKGROUND: Non-coaxial rotation has wide applications in engineering devices, e.g. in food processing such as mixer machines and stirrers with a two-axis kneader, in cooling turbine blades, jet engines, pumps and vacuum cleaners, in designing thermal syphon tubes, and in geophysical flows. Therefore, this study aims to investigate unsteady free convection flow of viscous fluid due to non-coaxial rotation and fluid at infinity over an oscillating vertical plate with constant wall temperature. METHODS: The governing equations are modelled by a sudden coincidence of the axes of a disk and the fluid at infinity rotating with uniform angular velocity, together with initial and boundary conditions. Some suitable non-dimensional variables are introduced. The Laplace transform method is used to obtain the exact solutions of the corresponding non-dimensional momentum and energy equations with conditions. Solutions of the velocity for cosine and sine oscillations as well as for temperature fields are obtained and displayed graphically for different values of time ( ), the Grashof number (), the Prandtl number ([Formula: see text]), and the phase angle ([Formula: see text]). Skin friction and the Nusselt number are also evaluated. RESULTS: The exact solutions are obtained and in limiting cases, the present solutions are found to be identical to the published results. Further, the obtained exact solutions also validated by comparing with results obtained by using Gaver-Stehfest algorithm. CONCLUSION: The interested physical property such as velocity, temperature, skin friction and Nusselt number are affected by the embedded parameters time (), the Grashof number (), the Prandtl number ([Formula: see text]), and the phase angle ([Formula: see text]).
Long memory mean and volatility models of platinum and palladium price return series under heavy tailed distributions.
Ranganai E, Kubheka SB
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28018797 · Full text
South Africa is a cornucopia of the platinum group metals particularly platinum and palladium. These metals have many unique physical and chemical characteristics which render them indispensable to technology and industr...
South Africa is a cornucopia of the platinum group metals particularly platinum and palladium. These metals have many unique physical and chemical characteristics which render them indispensable to technology and industry, the markets and the medical field. In this paper we carry out a holistic investigation on long memory (LM), structural breaks and stylized facts in platinum and palladium return and volatility series. To investigate LM we employed a wide range of methods based on time domain, Fourier and wavelet based techniques while we attend to the dual LM phenomenon using ARFIMA-FIGARCH type models, namely FIGARCH, ARFIMA-FIEGARCH, ARFIMA-FIAPARCH and ARFIMA-HYGARCH models. Our results suggests that platinum and palladium returns are mean reverting while volatility exhibited strong LM. Using the Akaike information criterion (AIC) the ARFIMA-FIAPARCH model under the Student distribution was adjudged to be the best model in the case of platinum returns although the ARCH-effect was slightly significant while using the Schwarz information criterion (SIC) the ARFIMA-FIAPARCH under the Normal Distribution outperforms all the other models. Further, the ARFIMA-FIEGARCH under the Skewed Student distribution model and ARFIMA-HYGARCH under the Normal distribution models were able to capture the ARCH-effect. In the case of palladium based on both the AIC and SIC, the ARFIMA-FIAPARCH under the GED distribution model is selected although the ARCH-effect was slightly significant. Also, ARFIMA-FIEGARCH under the GED and ARFIMA-HYGARCH under the normal distribution models were able to capture the ARCH-effect. The best models with respect to prediction excluded the ARFIMA-FIGARCH model and were dominated by the ARFIMA-FIAPARCH model under Non-normal error distributions indicating the importance of asymmetry and heavy tailed error distributions.
An empirical research on evaluating banks' credit assessment of corporate customers.
Tsai SB, Li G, Wu CH … +2 more , Zheng Y, Wang J
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28018796 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Under the rapid change of the global financial environment, the risk control of the credit granting is viewed as the foremost task to each bank. With the impact one by one from financial crisis and European d...
BACKGROUND: Under the rapid change of the global financial environment, the risk control of the credit granting is viewed as the foremost task to each bank. With the impact one by one from financial crisis and European debt crisis, the steady bank business is also facing the severe challenge. Banks approve the credits for their customers and then make money from the interest. CASE PRESENTATION: Credit granting is not only the primary job but also the main source of income. The quality of credit granting concerns not just the reclaims of creditor's rights; it also affects the successful running of banks. DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION: To enhance the reliability and usefulness of bank credit risk assessment, we first will delve in the facets and indexes in the bank credit risk assessment. Then, we will examine the different dimensions of cause-effect relationships and correlations in the assessment process. Finally, the study focuses on how to raise the functions and benefits of the bank credit risk assessment. CONCLUSIONS: In those five credit risk evaluation dimensions, A "optional capability" and D "competitiveness" are of high relation and high prominence among those dimensions, influencing other items obviously. By actively focusing on these two dimensions and improving their credit risk assessment ability will solve the foremost problems and also solve other facets of credit risk assessment problems at the same time.
Nephrotoxicity of methadone: a systematic review.
Alinejad S, Ghaemi K, Abdollahi M … +1 more , Mehrpour O
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 28018795 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Methadone is commonly administered for chronic pain relief and treatment of opioid dependence. Concurrent with its increased consumption, toxicities and fatalities have increased. One of the adverse effects o...
BACKGROUND: Methadone is commonly administered for chronic pain relief and treatment of opioid dependence. Concurrent with its increased consumption, toxicities and fatalities have increased. One of the adverse effects of opioid analgesics, including methadone, is that of nephrotoxicity. Opioids can have an effect on renal function through several different mechanisms. METHODS: We searched common bibliographical databases for the terms methadone, toxicity, poisoning, kidney, renal, and nephrotoxicity and summarize our findings in this review. RESULTS: Methadone can have both direct and indirect effects on the kidney. These effects include rhabdomyolysis (leading to acute kidney injury), volumetric changes, renal lipidosis and amyloidosis, kidney growth during pregnancy, and kidney transplant rejection. CONCLUSION: Improved understanding of the effects of methadone on kidney function can promote safer and more confident use of the drug.
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