SpringerPlus[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Manifold regularization for sparse unmixing of hyperspectral images.
Liu J, Zhang C, Zhang J … +2 more , Li H, Gao Y
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933263 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Recently, has been successfully applied to spectral mixture analysis of remotely sensed hyperspectral images. Based on the assumption that the observed image signatures can be expressed in the form of linear...
BACKGROUND: Recently, has been successfully applied to spectral mixture analysis of remotely sensed hyperspectral images. Based on the assumption that the observed image signatures can be expressed in the form of linear combinations of a number of pure spectral signatures known in advance, unmixing of each mixed pixel in the scene is to find an optimal subset of signatures in a very large spectral library, which is cast into the framework of sparse regression. However, traditional sparse regression models, such as , ignore the intrinsic geometric structure in the hyperspectral data. RESULTS: In this paper, we propose a novel model, called , by introducing a manifold regularization to the collaborative sparse regression model. The manifold regularization utilizes a graph Laplacian to incorporate the locally geometrical structure of the hyperspectral data. An algorithm based on has been developed for the manifold regularized collaborative sparse regression model. CONCLUSIONS: Experimental results on both the simulated and real hyperspectral data sets have demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed model.
Software project management tools in global software development: a systematic mapping study.
Chadli SY, Idri A, Ros JN … +3 more , Fernández-Alemán JL, de Gea JM, Toval A
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933262 · Full text
Global software development (GSD) which is a growing trend in the software industry is characterized by a highly distributed environment. Performing software project management (SPM) in such conditions implies the need t...
Global software development (GSD) which is a growing trend in the software industry is characterized by a highly distributed environment. Performing software project management (SPM) in such conditions implies the need to overcome new limitations resulting from cultural, temporal and geographic separation. The aim of this research is to discover and classify the various tools mentioned in literature that provide GSD project managers with support and to identify in what way they support group interaction. A systematic mapping study has been performed by means of automatic searches in five sources. We have then synthesized the data extracted and presented the results of this study. A total of 102 tools were identified as being used in SPM activities in GSD. We have classified these tools, according to the software life cycle process on which they focus and how they support the 3C collaboration model (communication, coordination and cooperation). The majority of the tools found are standalone tools (77%). A small number of platforms (8%) also offer a set of interacting tools that cover the software development lifecycle. Results also indicate that SPM areas in GSD are not adequately supported by corresponding tools and deserve more attention from tool builders.
Efficient regeneration system from rye leaf base segments.
Haliloglu K, Aydin M
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933261 · Full text
Rye is second only to wheat among grains most widely used in the making of bread and is also a very important gene resource for breeding and improvement of wheat and other cereal crops owing to tolerance to abiotic stres...
Rye is second only to wheat among grains most widely used in the making of bread and is also a very important gene resource for breeding and improvement of wheat and other cereal crops owing to tolerance to abiotic stress factors such as low temperatures, drought and poor soil conditions. However, application of biotechnologies has been limited in rye breeding since it is one of the most recalcitrant species in tissue culture. A simple and fast regeneration system from leaf-base segment explant of rye was developed in this study. Basal media, carbohydrate source, combination of plant growth regulators and the leaf segment locations were evaluated for callus and shoot formation. The highest callus formation (10.39%) and shoot formation (4.53%) were achieved from first basal segments 3-4 days old seedlings. MS (Murashige and Skoog, in Physiol Plant 15:473-497, 1962) medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose and 2 mg/L 2,4-D (2-4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) + 1 mg/L TDZ (Thidiazuran) was the best medium for shoot formation (18.75%) in first leaf base segment culture. Regenerated plants were phenotypically normal and set seed after they were successfully transferred to soil. The results indicate that this regeneration method can be used for genetic transformation in rye.
Use of a 10.22 m diameter EPB shield: a case study in Beijing subway construction.
Li X, Yuan D, Guo Y … +1 more , Cai Z
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933260 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Beijing subway line 14 includes four stations and approximately 2.8 km of tunnels between the Dongfengbeiqiao and Jingshunlu areas of the city. Due to the surface and underground space limitations of this s...
INTRODUCTION: Beijing subway line 14 includes four stations and approximately 2.8 km of tunnels between the Dongfengbeiqiao and Jingshunlu areas of the city. Due to the surface and underground space limitations of this section, a double-track running tunnel instead of two single-track running tunnels was adopted to connect the two stations. The double-track tunnels were excavated by a 10.22 m diameter earth pressure balance (EPB) shield. It was the first time that an EPB shield more than 10 m in diameter was used in Beijing subway construction. CASE DESCRIPTION: The shield, which passes underneath densely built-up areas of the city and is equipped with a spoke-type cutterhead, with balance between the ground pressure and the earth chamber pressure at the tunnel face, is of great importance. Referring to experiences gained in the EPB shield tunneling, attention was paid to the function of soil conditioning and simultaneous backfilling grouting of the shield, and some special designs were considered in manufacturing the machine. DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION: In addition to the agitating rods welded to the cutterhead, two independently driven agitators were added to fully mix everything in the earth chamber. Independent pipelines were arranged for injecting different conditioning agents. Indoor tests in combination with field tests were conducted to find suitable additives and injection ratios of the additives, and determine the mix ratio of the two-component grout for simultaneous backfilling grouting. A scheme was employed for simultaneously injecting the bentonite slurry at 8% concentration and the foam liquid at 5% concentration to condition the excavated soil. The cement-sodium silicate grout was adopted to fill the tail void and the injection volume per ring was 14.1-15.3 m. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of the shield and evaluation of the corresponding tunneling technologies are introduced in terms of the shield tunneling induced ground surface settlements. The success of the project is of great significance to Beijing subway construction and underground space utilization. The findings serve as a useful reference for similar projects.
Deformity correction and extremity lengthening in the lower leg: comparison of clinical outcomes with two external surgical procedures.
Reitenbach E, Rödl R, Gosheger G … +2 more , Vogt B, Schiedel F
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933259 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Distraction osteogenesis is a method of stimulating the growth of new bone tissue in order to lengthen the extremities or bridge resected bone defects. In addition to the now-established intramedullary procedu...
OBJECTIVE: Distraction osteogenesis is a method of stimulating the growth of new bone tissue in order to lengthen the extremities or bridge resected bone defects. In addition to the now-established intramedullary procedures, two different fixator systems are in use. The present study investigated the classical Ilizarov ring fixator (IRF) and a hexapod to assess the precision of lower-leg lengthening and complications classified using the Paley criteria for problems, obstacles, and complications. The study also examined the follow-up results in functional tests to assess outcomes in terms of range of motion in adjacent joints, daily activities, and quality of life. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 43 patients (53 segments) who were treated over a period of 16 years were re-assessed. In 33 segments, treatment was carried out with the hexapod Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF); the conventional IRF was used in 20 segments. The patients' mean age was 13.5 years (range 2-54 years). The follow-up examinations were carried out 2-15 years postoperatively and comprised measurement of a current leg axis view with the patient standing, calculation of a knee score, activity scores, ankle joint scores, and assessment of motor function and sensory function using appropriate scores in the lower leg and foot. The post-treatment health-related quality of life was assessed using the Short-Form Health Survey-36 questionnaire. RESULTS: Using the Paley criteria, far fewer problems occurred in the TSF group in comparison with the IRF (TSF 12.1%, IRF 50%). In the problems category, significant differences were observed with regard to axial deviation (TSF 0%, IRF 36.8%) and pin infections (TSF 9.1%, IRF 40%). Comparison of the obstacles and complications did not identify any significant differences between the two groups. Analysis of the scores for the knee, activity, and motor function/sensory function also did not show any marked discrepancies, apart from a major difference in mobility in the upper and lower ankle joints with poorer findings in the TSF group. CONCLUSIONS: During treatment, the TSF ring fixator leads to fewer problems, fewer secondary axial translations, and fewer pin infections. However, with temporary transfixation of the ankle joints, the TSF system is also associated with postoperative deterioration in mobility in the upper and lower ankle joint.
P-th moment and almost sure stability of stochastic switched nonlinear systems.
Gu H, Gao C
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933258 · Full text
This paper mainly tends to utilize [Formula: see text]-type function to investigate p-th moment and almost sure stability for a class of stochastic switched nonlinear systems. Based on the multiple Lyapunov functions app...
This paper mainly tends to utilize [Formula: see text]-type function to investigate p-th moment and almost sure stability for a class of stochastic switched nonlinear systems. Based on the multiple Lyapunov functions approach, some sufficient conditions are derived to check the stability criteria of stochastic switched nonlinear systems. One numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Assessment of the quality of groundwater for drinking purposes in the Upper West and Northern regions of Ghana.
Saana SB, Fosu SA, Sebiawu GE … +2 more , Jackson N, Karikari T
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933257 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Underground water is an important natural resource serving as a reliable source of drinking water for many people worldwide, especially in developing countries. Underground water quality needs to be given a p...
BACKGROUND: Underground water is an important natural resource serving as a reliable source of drinking water for many people worldwide, especially in developing countries. Underground water quality needs to be given a primary research and quality control attention due to possible contamination. This study was therefore designed to determine the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of borehole water in the Upper West and Northern regions of Ghana. METHODS: The study was conducted in seven districts in Ghana (including six in the Upper West region and one in the Northern region). The bacterial load of the water samples was determined using standard microbiological methods. Physico-chemical properties including pH, total alkalinity, temperature, turbidity, true colour, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, total iron, calcium ion, magnesium ion, chloride ion, fluoride ion, aluminium ion, arsenic, ammonium ions, nitrate and nitrite concentrations were determined. The values obtained were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking water. RESULTS: The recorded pH, total alkalinity and temperature ranges were 6.14-7.50, 48-240 mg/l and 28.8-32.8 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the mean concentrations of iron, calcium, magnesium, chloride, fluoride, aluminium, arsenic, ammonium, nitrate and nitrite were 0.06, 22.11, 29.84, 13.97, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.01, 2.09 and 0.26 mg/l, respectively. Turbidity, true colour, TDS and electrical conductivity of the water samples ranged from 0.13 to 105 NTU, 5 to 130 HU, 80.1 to 524 mg/l and 131 to 873 µS/cm, respectively. In addition, the mean total hardness value was found to be 178.07 mg/l whereas calcium hardness and magnesium hardness respectively were 55.28 and 122.79 mg/l. Only 14% of the water samples tested positive for faecal coliforms. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that only a few of the values for the bacteriological and physico-chemical parameters of the water samples were above the tolerable limits recommended by the WHO. This calls for regular monitoring and purification of boreholes to ensure good water quality.
Explaining bioenergy: representations of jatropha in Kenya before and after disappointing results.
Hunsberger C
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933256 · Full text
Proponents of portrayed the crop as a 'sustainable biofuel' that was less threatening to food security and forests than other energy crops, creating a reputation that helped jatropha projects to multiply quickly through...
Proponents of portrayed the crop as a 'sustainable biofuel' that was less threatening to food security and forests than other energy crops, creating a reputation that helped jatropha projects to multiply quickly throughout the global South. However, many jatropha initiatives failed to thrive and ultimately collapsed. This paper investigates how actors involved with jatropha in Kenya explained their visions of bioenergy at two points in time. In 2009, when many activities were beginning, I interviewed small-scale farmers, NGO staff, researchers, donors, government officials and members of the private sector about their expectations of jatropha as an energy crop. In late 2013, after jatropha activities in the country had dwindled, I re-interviewed many of the same individuals about their current views and their explanations of the events that had transpired since the initial fieldwork. Synthesizing these two sets of representations provides insight into how biofuel projects have been constructed, negotiated and renegotiated. Early hopes for jatropha rested on the belief that it could achieve many goals simultaneously, but when it failed to meet expectations proponents chose between two strategies: (1) 'unbundling' these goals to pursue separately the various aspirations they had initially attached to jatropha; and (2) seeking a new means of achieving the same bundle of goals. Understanding the choices made by jatropha actors in Kenya contributes to knowledge on the political ecology of biofuels and responsible innovation, and may signal patterns to come as even greater expectations are attached to multi-use feedstocks in pursuit of the bioeconomy.
Dynamic loading and kinematics analysis of vertical jump based on different forefoot morphology.
Shu Y, Zhang Y, Fu L … +4 more , Fekete G, Baker JS, Li J, Gu Y
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933255 · Full text
PURPOSE: This study examined differences in ankle motion and plantar pressure between habitually barefoot male (HBM) and habitually shod male (HSM) during vertical jump. METHODS: Eighteen habitually barefoot males and tw...
PURPOSE: This study examined differences in ankle motion and plantar pressure between habitually barefoot male (HBM) and habitually shod male (HSM) during vertical jump. METHODS: Eighteen habitually barefoot males and twenty habitually shod males volunteered to join the test. Distance between hallux and second toe was measured with Easy-Foot-Scan. Plantar pressure and ankle kinematics were measured with EMED force platform and Vicon motion analysis system respectively. T test was taken to analyse the significant differences using Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS: The distance between hallux and other toes in HBM was greater than it in HSM. HBM showed larger plantar loading under hallux and medial forefoot, while HSM showed lager plantar loading under medial and central forefoot. HBM had smaller ankle plantarflexion, eversion and external rotation than HSM. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study provide basic information for further studies on different hallux/toe function in motion control between habitually shod and barefoot populations.
Characterization of a novel hatching enzyme purified from starfish .
Choi JH, Kim SM
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933254 · Full text
Hatching enzyme is a protease which can degrade the membrane of egg. In this study, a hatching enzyme was purified from starfish () with 6.34 fold of purification rate, 5.04 % of yield, and 73.87 U/mg of specific activit...
Hatching enzyme is a protease which can degrade the membrane of egg. In this study, a hatching enzyme was purified from starfish () with 6.34 fold of purification rate, 5.04 % of yield, and 73.87 U/mg of specific activity. The molecular weight of starfish hatching enzyme was 86 kDa, which was reduced to 62 kDa after removal of N-linked oligosaccharides. The optimal pH and temperature of the hatching enzyme activity were pH 7.0 and 40 °C, respectively, while those of stability were pH 8 and 20 °C. The kinetic parameters, , , K and values were 0.197 U/ml, 0.289 mg/ml, 112.57 s, and 389.52 ml/mg s, respectively. Zn increased the enzyme activity by 167.28 %, while EDTA, TPCK, TGCK, leupeptin, PMSF, and TLCK decreased. In addition, Ca, Mg, and Cu did not affect the enzyme activity. The starfish hatching enzyme activity pretreated with EDTA was recovered by Zn. Therefore, the starfish hatching enzyme was classified as a serine-zinc protease.
Primary intracerebral osteosarcoma: a rare case report and review.
Chen SP, Tang JL, Zhu XL
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933253 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Primary intracranial osteosarcoma is a extremely rare disease entity. We describe a case of primary intracerebral osteosarcoma in an adult brain. CASE DESCRIPTION: A patient who presented with a 1-week histor...
BACKGROUND: Primary intracranial osteosarcoma is a extremely rare disease entity. We describe a case of primary intracerebral osteosarcoma in an adult brain. CASE DESCRIPTION: A patient who presented with a 1-week history of headaches, and MRI examination was performed. The immunohistochemical diagnosis confirmed primary intracerebral osteosarcoma. The patient was treated with a surgical resection of the tumor. CONCLUSION: Primary osteosarcomas occurring in the brain are extremely rare. The MRI images did not provide a specific pretreatment diagnosis, and the histopathology was the mainstay in establishing the diagnosis.
Reaction of hydroxyl-quinoline with pentafluoropyridin.
Beyki K, Maghsoodlou MT, Heydari R
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933252 · Full text
Reaction of pentafluoropyridine with 2 or 8-hydroxyl-quinoline under basic conditions in acetonitrile gives 4-oxy quinoline 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine derivatives in good yields. All the compounds were characterized usi...
Reaction of pentafluoropyridine with 2 or 8-hydroxyl-quinoline under basic conditions in acetonitrile gives 4-oxy quinoline 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine derivatives in good yields. All the compounds were characterized using H, C, F-NMR and MS spectroscopy.
Robust image hashing using ring partition-PGNMF and local features.
Karsh RK, Laskar RH, Richhariya BB
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933251 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Image authentication is one of the challenging research areas in the multimedia technology due to the availability of image editing tools. Image hash may be used for image authentication which should be invar...
BACKGROUND: Image authentication is one of the challenging research areas in the multimedia technology due to the availability of image editing tools. Image hash may be used for image authentication which should be invariant to perceptually similar image and sensitive to content changes. The challenging issue in image hashing is to design a system which simultaneously provides rotation robustness, desirable discrimination, sensitivity and localization of forged area with minimum hash length. METHODS: In this paper, a perceptually robust image hashing technique based on global and local features has been proposed. The Global feature was extracted using ring partition and projected gradient nonnegative matrix factorization (PGNMF). The ring partitioning technique converts a square image into a secondary image that makes the system rotation invariant. The PGNMF which is usually faster than the other NMFs has been used to reduce the dimension of the secondary image to generate the shorter hash sequence. The local features extracted from the salient regions of the image help to localize the forged region in the maliciously manipulated images. The image hashing techniques that use only global features are limited in discrimination. RESULTS: The experimental results reveal that the proposed image hashing method based on global and local features provides better discrimination capability. The proposed hashing method is tested on large image sets collected from the different standard database. It is observed from the experimental results that the proposed system is robust to content-preserving operations and is capable of localizing the counterfeit area. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of global and local features is robust against the content-preserving operations, which has a desirable discriminative capability. The proposed system may be used in image authentication, forensic evidence, and image retrieval, etc.
Clinical analysis on 430 cases of infantile purulent meningitis.
He Z, Li X, Jiang L
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933250 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Purulent meningitis (PM) usually caused by a variety of pyogenic infection, is a kind of central nervous system infectious disease mostly common in children. It is easily misdiagnosed and its symptoms are var...
BACKGROUND: Purulent meningitis (PM) usually caused by a variety of pyogenic infection, is a kind of central nervous system infectious disease mostly common in children. It is easily misdiagnosed and its symptoms are varied. Excessive application of broad-spectrum antibiotics results in increased sickness and death of infants and young children. In this study, clinical data of 430 cases of PM in infants were analyzed to summarize the clinical experiences so as to achieve early diagnosis and early treatment of PM. RESULTS: Male-to-female ratio was 1.61:1, and the median age of incidence was 0.42 years. May was the modal month of onset (11.7%). Main clinical manifestations were fever (89.3%), vomiting (67.2%), mental fatigue (62.1%), anterior fontanelle full/bulging/high tension (54.2%), convulsion (52.6%), and meningeal irritation sign (24.7%). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bacterial culture was done for 420 cases, of which 1.2% cases were positive. Blood culture was done for 146 cases of which 15.1% were positive. 175 (40.7%) cases had complications, among which 133 cases (76.0%) were subdural effusion, 21 cases (12.0%) were epilepsy. CONCLUSION: Infantile PM is common in Spring, and May is the modal month of onset. The CSF/blood pathogen detection rate is very low and it is difficult to find evidence of cause. Fever, vomiting, mental fatigue and anterior fontanelle full/bulging/high tension, convulsion are the main clinical manifestations on which diagnosis depends. For those children diagnosed as PM and still having recurrent fever and prominent anterior fontanelle after treatment, clinicians should consider the probability of subdural effusion and treat them with brain imaging test on time.
An enterogenous cyst with atypical pathological findings and chemical meningitis.
Wang L, Chang X, Fu C … +2 more , Yu W, Fang X
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933249 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Intracranial enterogenous cysts are rare and mainly occur in the posterior fossa. These cysts are usually extra-axial, midline, anterior to the brainstem, or at the cerebellopontine angle. We report a case...
INTRODUCTION: Intracranial enterogenous cysts are rare and mainly occur in the posterior fossa. These cysts are usually extra-axial, midline, anterior to the brainstem, or at the cerebellopontine angle. We report a case of an enterogenous cyst in which diagnosis was difficult because the lesion showed atypical pathologic findings. CASE PRESENTATION: A healthy 41-year-old man complained of paroxysmal occipital headaches lasting over a week, with increased severity for 3 days accompanied by slight dizziness and mild nausea. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a cystic lesion between clivus and brainstem. The patient underwent surgery for removal of the lesion via the right-sided far-later approach, and the lesion was resected totally. Although pathologic examinations showed a cyst had a mono-to-multilayered squamous epithelium, which are not accord with typical enterogenous cyst, the diagnosis was finally made based on the presence of basement membrane and immunohistochemical results. DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION: To confirm the diagnosis of enterogenous cyst, further pathologic examinations were performed and immunohistochemical characters were summarized. Chemical meningitis, a rare complication of enterogenous cyst, happened in current case. Use a syringe and aspirate the contents before incision might be a procedure to prevent chemical meningitis. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of an enterogenous cyst associated with mono-to-multilayered squamous epithelium. Although during the follow-up time, no recurrence happened, long-term follow-up is needed.
Convergence and norm estimates of Hermite interpolation at zeros of Chevyshev polynomials.
Al-Khaled K, Alquran M
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933248 · Full text
In this paper, we investigate the simultaneous approximation of a function () and its derivative [Formula: see text] by Hermite interpolation operator [Formula: see text] based on Chevyshev polynomials. We also establish...
In this paper, we investigate the simultaneous approximation of a function () and its derivative [Formula: see text] by Hermite interpolation operator [Formula: see text] based on Chevyshev polynomials. We also establish general theorem on extreme points for Hermite interpolation operator. Some results are considered to be an improvement over those obtained in Al-Khaled and Khalil (Numer Funct Anal Optim 21(5-6): 579-588, 2000), while others agrees with Pottinger's results (Pottinger in Z Agnew Math Mech 56: T310-T311, 1976).
Fault tolerance in computational grids: perspectives, challenges, and issues.
Haider S, Nazir B
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933247 · Full text
Computational grids are established with the intention of providing shared access to hardware and software based resources with special reference to increased computational capabilities. Fault tolerance is one of the mos...
Computational grids are established with the intention of providing shared access to hardware and software based resources with special reference to increased computational capabilities. Fault tolerance is one of the most important issues faced by the computational grids. The main contribution of this survey is the creation of an extended classification of problems that incur in the computational grid environments. The proposed classification will help researchers, developers, and maintainers of grids to understand the types of issues to be anticipated. Moreover, different types of problems, such as omission, interaction, and timing related have been identified that need to be handled on various layers of the computational grid. In this survey, an analysis and examination is also performed pertaining to the fault tolerance and fault detection mechanisms. Our conclusion is that a dependable and reliable grid can only be established when more emphasis is on fault identification. Moreover, our survey reveals that adaptive and intelligent fault identification, and tolerance techniques can improve the dependability of grid working environments.
A quantitative report on the impact of chloride on the kinetic coefficients of auxin-induced growth: a numerical contribution to the "acid growth hypothesis".
Pietruszka M, Haduch-Sendecka A
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933246 · Full text
This work presents the application of several our own novel methods of analysing the kinetics of plant growth, which create, among others, a common platform for the comparison of experimental results. A relatively simple...
This work presents the application of several our own novel methods of analysing the kinetics of plant growth, which create, among others, a common platform for the comparison of experimental results. A relatively simple formula is used to parameterize the wide range of data that has been obtained for L. in the literature, though it can also be used for different species. A biophysical/biochemical interpretation of the parameters was obtained from a theoretical model that is based on a modified Lockhart equation. The derived formula, which was extended for practical use in Zajdel et al. (Acta Physiol Plant 38:5, 2016), and which was implemented in the attached computer program (ibid.), allowed the data that was obtained from the growth-related problems to be parameterized in a simple way. As a working example that shows the robustness of our approach, we comment in detail on the qualitative assessments of the impact of chloride ions on auxin-induced growth. We note that calculated continuous curves (fits), which are rooted in the growth functional that was introduced by Pietruszka (J Theor Biol 315:119-127, 2012), were in a perfect agreement (R ~ 0.99998) with the raw experimental data that was published recently by Burdach et al. (Ann Bot 114:1023-1034, 2014). This fact justified the use of this strict technique, which allows for the determination of kinetic coefficients, to critically evaluate the results and suppositions (claims) therein. Moreover, we calculated the time-delay derivative of elongation growth-pH cross-correlations, and validated the "acid growth hypothesis" in figures by considering, amongst others, the magnitude of the H-activity of elongation growth (per μm). An empirical constant (field strength), E = E/(log 1/a ∙ μm) = 0.157 ± 0.009 [V/mm] was obtained, where E [mV] is the membrane potential in the perenchymal coleoptile cells of L. When this relation is known, the membrane potential can not only be determined for intact growth, but also for different intervening substances exclusively from growth (or growth rate) and pH measurements, i.e. performing electrophysiological measurements. However, the question of whether this constant is universal remains open.
An adaptive switching filter based on approximated variance for detection of impulse noise from color images.
Pritamdas K, Singh KM, Singh LL
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933245 · Full text
A new adaptive switching algorithm is presented where two adaptive filters are switched correspondingly for lower and higher noise ratio of the image. An adaptive center weighted vector median filter is used for the lowe...
A new adaptive switching algorithm is presented where two adaptive filters are switched correspondingly for lower and higher noise ratio of the image. An adaptive center weighted vector median filter is used for the lower noise ratio whereas for higher noise ratio the noisy pixels are detected based on the comparison of the difference between the mean of the vector pixels in the window and the approximated variance of the vector pixels in the window. Then the window comprising the detected noisy pixel is further considered where the pixels are given exponential weights according to their similarity to the other neighboring pixels, spatially and radio metrically. The noisy pixels are then replaced by the weighted average of the pixels within the window. The filter is able to preserve higher signal content in the higher noise ratio as compared to other robust filters in comparison. With a little high in computational complexity, this technique performs well both in lower and higher noise ratios. Simulation results on various RGB images show that the proposed algorithm outperforms many other existing nonlinear filters in terms of preservation of edges and fine details.
A study on biological activity of marine fungi from different habitats in coastal regions.
Zhou S, Wang M, Feng Q … +2 more , Lin Y, Zhao H
Springerplus · 2016 · PMID 27933244 · Full text
In recent years, marine fungi have become an important source of active marine natural products. Former researches are limited in habitats selection of fungi with bioactive compounds. In this paper were to measure antiba...
In recent years, marine fungi have become an important source of active marine natural products. Former researches are limited in habitats selection of fungi with bioactive compounds. In this paper were to measure antibacterial and antitumor cell activity for secondary metabolites of marine fungi, which were isolated from different habitats in coastal regions. 195 strains of marine fungi were isolated and purified from three different habitats. They biologically active experiment results showed that fungi isolation from the mangrove habitats had stronger antibacterial activity than others, and the stains isolated from the estuarial habitats had the least antibacterial activity. However, the strains separated from beach habitats strongly inhibited tumor cell proliferation in vitro, and fungi of mangrove forest habitats had the weakest activity of inhibiting tumor. Meanwhile, 195 fungal strains belonged to 46 families, 84 genera, 142 species and also showed 137 different types of activity combinations by analyzing the inhibitory activity of the metabolites fungi for 4 strains of pathogenic bacteria and B-16 cells. The study investigated the biological activity of marine fungi isolated from different habitats in Haikou coastal regions. The results help us to understand bioactive metabolites of marine fungi from different habitats, and how to selected biological activity fungi from various marine habitats effectively.
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