Nutrition, Metabolism, And Cardiovascular Diseases[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Association between body roundness index and incident stroke with different blood pressure status: A retrospective propensity score matched analysis of the CHARLS study.
Yang M, Liu H, Wei P … +2 more , Fan H, Wang Z
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 41547633 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Body roundness index (BRI), an innovative anthropometric measure assessing visceral fat, has demonstrated utility in predicting cardiometabolic risk. However, its association with stroke risk across b...
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Body roundness index (BRI), an innovative anthropometric measure assessing visceral fat, has demonstrated utility in predicting cardiometabolic risk. However, its association with stroke risk across blood-pressure strata remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: The sample comprised 12,316 CHARLS participants aged ≥45 years without prior stroke. The association between the BRI and incident stroke was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. To strengthen the validity of the findings, additional analyses were performed, including propensity score matching (PSM), subgroup analyses, and sensitivity tests. Furthermore, the discriminative capacity of BRI for predicting stroke events was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Increased stroke risk was significantly connected to a higher BRI. Following PSM, fully adjusted models indicated that a unit rise in log (BRI) was tied to a 19 % increase in stroke risk (HR = 1.79, 95 % CI: 1.37-2.34, P < 0.001). After stratification by blood pressure status, the association between BRI and stroke risk was most pronounced among individuals with prehypertension (HR = 2.60, 95 %CI: 1.49-4.54; P < 0.001) and those with hypertension (HR = 1.65, 95 %CI: 1.17-2.33; P = 0.004). By contrast, among participants with normal blood pressure (NBP), no statistically significant association was observed following PSM. The reliability of the findings was supported by subgroup and sensitivity analyses. The ROC analysis demonstrated that the BRI had moderate predictive accuracy for stroke, notably in individuals with NBP, with an area under the curve of 0.672. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated BRI is independently associated with a greater risk of stroke, particularly in individuals with prehypertension or hypertension.
Novel adiposity indices and their role in identifying left ventricular hypertrophy among hypertensive individuals undergoing echocardiography.
Geraci G, Ferrara P, Piticchio T … +11 more , Le Moli R, Paternò V, Calabrese V, Cuttone G, Pallotti F, Barbanti M, Nardi E, Mancusi C, Polosa R, Mulè G, Carollo C
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 41547632 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: While body mass index (BMI) is the most used measure of adiposity, it does not account for fat distribution. Novel indices, such as A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI), may bette...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: While body mass index (BMI) is the most used measure of adiposity, it does not account for fat distribution. Novel indices, such as A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI), may better reflect cardiometabolic risk. However, their association with subclinical cardiac damage, particularly left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between novel adiposity indices (ABSI and BRI) and left ventricular mass (LVM) assessed by echocardiography in a large cohort of patients with hypertensive. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 724 hypertensive adults who underwent standardized anthropometric and echocardiographic assessments. Adiposity indices (BMI, waist circumference, ABSI, and BRI) were calculated, and left ventricular mass was indexed to body surface area and height. Correlations and multivariate analyses were performed, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess diagnostic performance. All adiposity indices were significantly higher in individuals with LVH. BRI showed the strongest correlation with LVMH (r = 0.423), particularly in women. In multivariate analysis, BRI remained significantly associated with LVMH in both sexes, while ABSI was not independently associated in men. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that BRI had the highest diagnostic accuracy for identifying LVH, outperforming BMI and ABSI, especially when LVH was defined using LVMH. CONCLUSIONS: BRI outperformed traditional and novel adiposity indices in identifying LVH in hypertensive patients, particularly when LVM was indexed to height. Given its superior diagnostic performance, BRI may represent a valuable tool in cardiovascular risk stratification, though further studies are warranted.
Synergistic impact of insulin resistance and hepatic fibrosis on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease: A machine learning subtyping and interaction analysis.
Zheng Z, Sun W, Xu H … +7 more , Song Y, He J, Bian X, Li B, Song C, Fu R, Dou K
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 41547631 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic fibrosis are significant yet underexplored synergistic risk factors for cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the interaction bet...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic fibrosis are significant yet underexplored synergistic risk factors for cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the interaction between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and liver fibrosis scores (FIB-4, BARD) for risk prediction. METHODS AND RESULTS: Within a prospective cohort of 14,660 CAD patients, we performed a data-driven phenotypic stratification using K-means clustering-an unsupervised machine learning algorithm-to deconvolute heterogeneous metabolic profiles. Subsequently, Cox regression models were employed to evaluate associations of these phenotypes, along with continuous and tertiled TyG, FIB-4, and BARD scores, with incident cardiovascular events (a composite of cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or stroke). The analysis identified three mechanistically distinct metabolic subtypes. During a median follow-up of 3 years, 463 cardiovascular events occurred (overall event rate: 3.16 %). The "metabolic-fibrosis mixed" subtype exhibited the highest risk (adjusted HR = 1.71, 95 %CI:1.34-2.19), with an event rate of 4.40 % (183/4159) compared to 2.43 % (116/4782) in the low-risk subtype. Both the TyG index (HR = 1.52, 95 %CI:1.40-1.65) and BARD score were independent predictors. A significant multiplicative interaction existed between TyG and BARD (P = 0.041). Additive interaction analysis confirmed synergy, with a relative excess risk (RERI) of 1.42 when both biomarkers were elevated. Risk escalated nonlinearly once TyG exceeded 9.0, potentiated by fibrosis. CONCLUSION: IR and hepatic fibrosis synergistically increase cardiovascular risk in CAD patients. Combining TyG and BARD scores with metabolic subtyping enhances risk stratification, potentially guiding targeted interventions.
Longitudinal trajectories of obesity and eGFR decline jointly predict incident hyperuricemia: A multi-center prospective cohort study.
He H, Li C, Zhang L … +6 more , Guo F, Zhang M, Guo C, Cheng Q, Guo Y, Zhang M
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 41545279 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The joint effects of longitudinal changes in body mass index (BMI) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), on hyperuricemia risk remain unclear. We aimed to investigate this relationship and...
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The joint effects of longitudinal changes in body mass index (BMI) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), on hyperuricemia risk remain unclear. We aimed to investigate this relationship and identify high-risk trajectories for hyperuricemia prediction. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this prospective community-based cohort (2018-2023), we enrolled 5329 Chinese adults ≥18 years with serial measurements of BMI, eGFR, and serum urate. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) nested in the Cox regression framework were applied to assess dose-response relationships between BMI, eGFR and hyperuricemia risk. Group-based trajectory modeling identified distinct BMI/eGFR patterns, with multivariable-adjusted Bayesian Cox proportional hazards models quantifying their associations with incident hyperuricemia. Over an average follow-up period of 3.25 years, 489 individuals developed hyperuricemia, resulting in an incidence rate of 15.05 per 100 person-years. Each unit increase in BMI during follow-up was associated with a 21 % (95 % CI: 14 %-30 %) increased risk for hyperuricemia. Similarly, each 10-unit decrease in eGFR correlated with a 12 % (95 % CI: 5 %-19 %) elevation in hyperuricemia risk. The RCS curves indicated linear associations between changes in BMI and eGFR and hyperuricemia risk (all p values < 0.001). The low eGFR trajectory showed a marginal HR of 1.52 (95 % CI: 1.02-2.37). The HRs for the high BMI trajectory group was 3.89 (95 % CI: 2.35-6.38). Notably, the influence of eGFR variability was more pronounced in men, while that of BMI was stronger in women. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal patterns of rising BMI and declining eGFR synergistically predict hyperuricemia development, with clinically relevant sexual difference.
The association of obesity and other metabolic disorders with COVID-19 mortality: a cross-sectional analysis of death certificates from Veneto (Italy) and Bavaria (Germany).
Buschner A, Fedeli U, Zoppini G
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 41545278 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The study investigates mortality related to obesity and other metabolic disorders during the pandemic, comparing findings from two large European regions. METHODS AND RESULTS: All death certificates o...
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The study investigates mortality related to obesity and other metabolic disorders during the pandemic, comparing findings from two large European regions. METHODS AND RESULTS: All death certificates of residents aged 45-84 years in Veneto (Italy) and Bavaria (Germany) were extracted from January 2020 to December 2022. The proportion of deaths reporting obesity, diabetes, and hypertension was computed both for all-cause and for COVID-19 deaths. The prevalence of mention of metabolic disorders was compared between deaths attributed to COVID-19 and all other deaths by means of Odds Ratios (OR) with 95 % Confidence Intervals (CI) estimated by conditional logistic regression stratified by age, sex, and year of death. Overall 81,125 deaths in Veneto (8.5 % attributed to COVID-19) and 253,862 in Bavaria (5.9 % from COVID-19) were investigated. At least one metabolic disorder was mentioned in 35.8 % of all COVID-19 deaths in Veneto and 26.7 % in Bavaria. Obesity-related deaths sharply peaked in each epidemic wave in both regions, with a less marked pattern for hypertensive diseases and diabetes. The association with COVID-19 increased with the number of reported metabolic disorders, was stronger among younger ages and in Veneto. Estimated OR for COVID-19 death among decedents aged 45-64 years with two/three vs. no metabolic disorder were 4.24 (CI 3.33-5.40) in Veneto and 2.14 (1.83-2.51) in Bavaria. CONCLUSION: The strong association between deaths from COVID-19 and number of metabolic disorders among younger ages highlights the need for prioritizing preventive interventions for obesity and associated metabolic conditions.
Heart and heart-liver transplantation in Amish patients with propionic acidemia.
Whitehead EH, Bennett J, Bhat P … +15 more , Bhattacharya S, Erwin AL, Hoffman K, Hsich E, Kafil TS, Khalil M, Lee R, Mountis MM, Rodriguez ER, Soltesz EG, Tan C, Tong MZ, Tramontana TF, Zaki A, Tang WHW
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 May · PMID 41545277 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Propionic acidemia (PA) is a genetic metabolic disorder caused by deficient activity of the enzyme propionyl-CoA carboxylase, resulting in accumulation of toxic metabolites during catabolism of odd-ch...
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Propionic acidemia (PA) is a genetic metabolic disorder caused by deficient activity of the enzyme propionyl-CoA carboxylase, resulting in accumulation of toxic metabolites during catabolism of odd-chain fatty acids and branched-chain amino acids. Most PA occurs in compound heterozygotes, typically presenting with metabolic acidosis and seizures in infancy. A milder phenotype of PA is prevalent in the Amish population due to a founder missense variant in PCCB (c.1606 A > G; p.Asn536Asp) and is frequently present as an isolated dilated cardiomyopathy in adolescence. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here we report our experience with three Amish patients with genetically confirmed PA and end-stage heart failure. While one patient underwent successful heart transplantation with no complications, another developed recurrent cardiogenic shock after transplant due to metabolic decompensation. Based on this experience, a subsequent patient was treated with combined heart/liver transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: These cases highlight unique challenges in managing patients with metabolic cardiomyopathies and emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to achieve the best possible outcomes.
Night eating syndrome in liver transplant recipients with diabetes or excess-weight: a cross-sectional study.
Stecchi M, Albanese MG, Nardi E … +9 more , Simonetti G, Baldo C, Sciatta M, Vitale G, Pianta P, Ravaioli M, Cescon M, Morelli MC, Brodosi L
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 41545276 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Night Eating Syndrome (NES) is a disordered eating pattern characterized by evening hyperphagia and nocturnal eating episodes. While NES has been extensively studied in obese and psychiatric populati...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Night Eating Syndrome (NES) is a disordered eating pattern characterized by evening hyperphagia and nocturnal eating episodes. While NES has been extensively studied in obese and psychiatric populations, its presence in liver transplant (LT) recipients remains unexplored. Hence, we aimed to assess NES prevalence in a real-life cohort of LT recipients with type 2 diabetes and/or overweight or obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) was administered to 101 LT recipients attending a nutritional-metabolic outpatient clinic, and clinical data were collected. Inclusion criteria were age >18 years, liver transplantation, and presence of type 2 diabetes and/or BMI >25 kg/m. Patients with recent psychiatric diagnoses or unstable psychotropic medication were excluded. NES was identified in 5 % of participants. Obesity was significantly associated with nocturnal awakenings unrelated to urination (p = 0.008). NES symptoms such as insomnia, evening eating urges, and depressive mood were also reported by a substantial subset of patients. CONCLUSIONS: NES is present among LT recipients and appears more prevalent in those with obesity and disrupted sleep patterns. Given the metabolic and psychological vulnerability of this population, NES may represent an under recognized barrier to optimal post-transplant care. These findings support incorporating psycho-nutritional screening tools in transplant follow-up protocols.
The complex relationship between cardiologists and lipid-lowering dietary supplements: Hate or love?
Cicero AFG, Corsini A
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 May · PMID 41539918 · Publisher ↗
In August 2025, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) released an update of the dyslipidaemia management guidelines, including a brief statement on lipid-lowering dietary...
In August 2025, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) released an update of the dyslipidaemia management guidelines, including a brief statement on lipid-lowering dietary supplements. The document states that dietary supplements or vitamins lacking documented safety and significant LDL-cholesterol-lowering efficacy are not recommended to reduce ASCVD risk. This sentence has been interpreted by some as a broad discouragement against the use of nutraceuticals; however, the corresponding class of recommendation is "C", indicating reliance on expert opinion and routine practice rather than robust randomized evidence. The negative interpretation is further influenced by the recent EFSA opinion on red yeast rice, which raised safety concerns but does not extend to other nutraceuticals. Concerns regarding efficacy have also been shaped disproportionately by the SPORT trial, a short, single-blinded, underpowered study that compared a low-dose statin with a heterogeneous group of supplements, including some with no proven lipid-lowering effects. Notably, the guideline update does not address several nutraceuticals supported by meta-analyses-such as plant sterols, soluble fibers, berberine, artichoke extract, and bergamot-whose efficacy and safety are well documented. A more constructive reading of the update suggests encouraging clinicians to recommend only evidence-based nutraceuticals and motivating further research. These agents should be considered as adjuncts to lifestyle interventions in low-risk individuals, not as substitutes for pharmacologic therapy when indicated.
Age at type 2 diabetes diagnosis and prevalence of obesity, hypertension, anxiety, and depression: a retrospective observational study.
Barker MM, Slater T, Davies MJ … +9 more , Sargeant JA, Goldney J, Wilmot EG, Misra S, Chan JCN, Gregg EW, Shabnam S, Khunti K, Zaccardi F
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 41539917 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We aimed to investigate associations between age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and the relative and absolute risk of four common comorbidities: obesity, hypertension, depression, and anxiety. METHO...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We aimed to investigate associations between age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and the relative and absolute risk of four common comorbidities: obesity, hypertension, depression, and anxiety. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used primary and secondary care data from England to conduct a matched cross-sectional study of individuals aged 16-50 years (N = 108,061 with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes; 829,946 without type 2 diabetes). Morbidity risk was estimated using multivariable generalised linear models. Adjusted risk ratios (RRs) indicated a higher risk of all studied comorbidities in individuals with vs without type 2 diabetes at all diagnostic ages, with RRs progressively decreasing with older age at diagnosis (from 13.8 at 16-27 years to 5.7 at 48-50 years, for obesity; from 28.9 to 3.2, for hypertension; from 4.4 to 2.5, for depression; and from 4.3 to 2.2, for anxiety). The estimated total number of morbidities among individuals aged 16 years with vs without type 2 diabetes were 85.2 (95 % CI: 83.3-87.0) and 7.1 (95 % CI: 6.9-7.3) per 100 individuals, respectively. Corresponding estimates at 50 years of age were 92.0 (91.3-92.8) and 24.8 (24.6-25.0). CONCLUSION: The substantially higher burden of MLTCs in young individuals with vs without type 2 diabetes emphasises the need for multidisciplinary patient care and management in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in early adulthood.
Improved HDL, LDL and total cholesterol levels following a 3-month administration of Mentha spicata leaf extract and Amaranthus caudatus seed flour extracts, flavonoids and B vitamins. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial.
Di Minno A, Morone MV, Cordara M … +10 more , Buccato DG, De Lellis LF, Ullah H, Piccinocchi R, Larsen DS, Baldi A, Piccinocchi G, Xiao X, Sacchi R, Daglia M
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 Mar · PMID 41519619 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We have evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of two food supplements (FS) containing flavonoids (naringin and hesperidin); same doses of B3, B6, B9 and B12 vitamins, and two different doses of a b...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We have evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of two food supplements (FS) containing flavonoids (naringin and hesperidin); same doses of B3, B6, B9 and B12 vitamins, and two different doses of a blend of Mentha spicata leaf extract and Amaranthus caudatus seed flour, in subjects with borderline high total (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. METHODS AND RESULTS: 114 Participants (18-70 years) with TC levels 200-239 mg/dL, (5.18-6.19 mmol/L) and LDL-C (<159 mg/dL) were randomised into three groups to receive for 90 days the lowest (n = 38, Treatment A), the highest dose of the FS (n = 38 - Treatment B), or placebo (n = 38). Treatment B was associated with a significant reduction in LDL-C (∼31.5 mg/dL;-22%) and TC (∼19.5 mg/dL; -9%), along with an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The greater efficacy of Treatment B containing the highest dose of vegetable extracts is likely attributable to its higher M. spicata extract content, as judged by high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of the preparation. CONCLUSION: The combination of different FS ingredients with different mechanisms of action can be a valuable strategy for improving lipid profiles in subjects with borderline high TC and LDL-C levels.
The burden of diabetes and cardiac arrest: A 25-year analysis of mortality trends and disparities in United States (1999-2023).
Ali D, Salim H, Khan TM … +5 more , Siddiqui H, Srour HJM, Collins P, Ahmed R, Waqas SA
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 41513485 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiac arrest (CA) are major contributors to mortality and healthcare costs in the U.S., yet national trends and disparities remain underexplored. To assess trends and disp...
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiac arrest (CA) are major contributors to mortality and healthcare costs in the U.S., yet national trends and disparities remain underexplored. To assess trends and disparities in DM and CA-related mortality from 1999 to 2023 by age, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and urban-rural status. METHODS AND RESULTS: Mortality data for adults (≥25 years) with DM and CA listed as underlying or contributing causes of death were obtained from the CDC WONDER database. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were calculated, and Joinpoint regression estimated annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) (p < 0.05). From 1999 to 2023, 1,095,268 deaths were attributed to DM and CA. AAMRs declined from 21.3 in 1999 to 18.39 in 2018 (APC: -0.94 %; 95 % CI: -1.25 to -0.66), rose sharply between 2018 and 2021 (APC: 11.50 %; 95 % CI: 7.79 to 13.59), and fell again through 2023 (APC: -12.18 %; 95 % CI: -16.01 to -8.51). Males consistently had higher mortality than females. Non-Hispanic (NH) Black individuals had the highest rates, while NH American Indians showed minimal decline (AAPC: -0.21 %; 95 % CI: 1.17 to 0.63). Adults aged 25-44 years had increasing mortality (AAPC: 1.58 %; 95 % CI: 0.96 to 2.02), whereas older groups declined. Rural mortality surpassed urban rates after 2012. CONCLUSION: While overall DM and CA mortality has decreased, significant disparities persist. Targeted interventions are needed to improve cardiovascular care for DM patients, particularly young adults, NH Black and NH American Indian populations, and rural communities.
Longitudinal associations between fast food outlet count and inflammatory markers in the US-based nurses' health study II between 1998 and 2011.
Siddiqui NZ, Beulens JWJ, Hart JE … +5 more , Klompmaker JO, Mackenbach JD, Pinho MGM, Rimm EB, James P
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 41506919 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Inflammation is an established cardiovascular disease risk factor, but its role in the link between food environments and cardiovascular risk remains unexplored. We aimed to study longitudinal associ...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Inflammation is an established cardiovascular disease risk factor, but its role in the link between food environments and cardiovascular risk remains unexplored. We aimed to study longitudinal associations between residential fast food outlets (FFOs) and inflammatory markers in US females from the Nurses' Health Study II with stored blood and residential addresses. METHODS AND RESULTS: We counted FFOs within 1500-m buffers around each address in 1998 and 2010. In samples collected at two time points (1999, 2011), we measured C-reactive protein (CRP, N = 1350), Interleukin-6 (IL-6, N = 809), and adiponectin (N = 836). We performed multivariable linear regression with repeated measures to study changes in FFOs and inflammatory markers and multivariable linear regression analyses to study FFOs count in 1998 and changes in inflammatory markers between 1999 and 2011. Models were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, partners' education, smoking, neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), and population density. We explored effect modification by nSES and population density. No associations were observed in linear mixed models (e.g., CRP (β: 0.00, 95 %CI: 0.01,0.01) or in linear models including changes in inflammatory outcomes (e.g., CRP (β:0.00, 95 %CI: 0.01, 0.02). We also observed no effect modification for nSES or population density. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we found no evidence for longitudinal associations between FFOs count and inflammatory markers in this study.
Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular risk-related metabolic markers in diverse populations: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.
Chen C, Li X, Yan H … +8 more , Liu J, Cao Y, Zhao H, Liu S, Wang Y, Sun Y, Jia B, Yuan J
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 41494879 · Publisher ↗
AIM: Many studies reported the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) towards cardiovascular risk, but results are inconclusive. This meta-analysis systemically explored PUFA-mediated effects on representative...
AIM: Many studies reported the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) towards cardiovascular risk, but results are inconclusive. This meta-analysis systemically explored PUFA-mediated effects on representative cardiovascular-related metabolic markers, including glycolipid profile, adiponectin, and oxidative stress indicators in different people. DATA SYNTHESIS: Literature search on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were performed up to October 11, 2024. Randomized controlled trials focusing on the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), apolipoprotein, adipokine, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), c-reactive protein (CRP), and oxidative stress biomarkers were chosen as outcome variables. There were 24 studies with 2043 subjects showed significant effects: (1)TG decreased by 16.95 mg/dl (21 trials, n = 1491; 95 % CI: 23.25, -10.66), (2)HDL increased by 1.55 mg/dl (22 trials, n = 1914; 95 % CI: 0.69, 2.42), (3)adiponectin increased by 0.96 μg/ml (3 trials, n = 198; 95 % CI: 0.03, 1.8), (4)HbA1c decreased by 0.17 % (3 trials, n = 283; 95 % CI: 0.29, -0.04), (5)LDL decreased by 10.98 mg/dl in women (4 trials, n = 236; 95 % CI: 19.41, -2.5) and by 13.77 mg/dl in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (3 trials, n = 180; 95 % CI: 22.83, -4.7), (6)TC decreased by 15.58 mg/dl in women (4 trials, n = 236; 95 % CI: 24.64, -6.53). CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis indicates that n-3 PUFAs improve cardiovascular-related metabolic markers, potentially benefit cardiovascular health in patients with cardiovascular disease, PCOS, and kidney disease, especially in older women via reducing TG and HbA1c and increasing HDL and adiponectin.
Diagnostic thresholds of cardiorespiratory fitness for identifying cardiometabolic risk in youth.
García-Hermoso A, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Hormazábal-Aguayo I … +5 more , Muñoz-Pardeza J, Hurtado-Almonacid J, Ezzatvar Y, Sanchez López M, Martínez-Vizcaíno V
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 41494878 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Cardiorespiratory fitness, measured as peak oxygen uptake (VOpeak), is a key marker of metabolic health in youth, but age- and sex-specific diagnostic thresholds for identifying elevated cardiometabol...
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Cardiorespiratory fitness, measured as peak oxygen uptake (VOpeak), is a key marker of metabolic health in youth, but age- and sex-specific diagnostic thresholds for identifying elevated cardiometabolic risk (CMR) remain undefined. This study aimed to establish age- and sex-specific VOpeak cut-points for elevated CMR by (i) conducting a cross-sectional diagnostic analysis that compared the diagnostic accuracy of commonly used VOpeak estimation equations (Barnett, Léger, Matsuzaka) to select the best-performing index, and (ii) performing a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize and validate findings. METHODS AND RESULTS: To establish diagnostic thresholds of VOpeak for identifying CMR in youth, we conducted a two-part study. First, a cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from 1059 children aged 8-11 years. Second, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to synthesize evidence from existing observational studies. The literature search included four databases. Eligible studies included cross-sectional or cohort designs with participants aged 3-18 years, and reported cardiorespiratory fitness as VOpeak along with composite measures of CMR. We included 14 studies comprising a total of 20,780 children and adolescents. Optimal VOpeak thresholds for identifying elevated CMR were 43.2 mL/kg/min for boys and 41.9 mL/kg/min for girls aged <13 years, and 40.0 mL/kg/min for boys and 38.5 mL/kg/min for girls aged ≥13. These thresholds demonstrated moderate-to-strong diagnostic performance, and corresponded to the 20th-40th percentiles of international normative data. CONCLUSION: We report novel age- and sex-specific VOpeak thresholds for elevated CMR in youth, with good diagnostic performance, to aid early identification and prevention.
Weekly and seasonal patterns of acute myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes mellitus: A population-based study.
Cosentino N, Bonomi A, Genovese S … +4 more , Molinari C, Leoni O, Pontone G, Marenzi G
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 41494877 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) displays circadian, weekly, and seasonal variability, with higher incidence on Mondays and during winter. Diabetes mellitus (DM) may modulate susceptibility to these...
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) displays circadian, weekly, and seasonal variability, with higher incidence on Mondays and during winter. Diabetes mellitus (DM) may modulate susceptibility to these temporal fluctuations through altered autonomic, metabolic, and inflammatory responses. This study examined weekly and seasonal variations in AMI incidence and in-hospital mortality among patients with and without DM in a large, population-based cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed administrative health data from Lombardy, Italy (2000-2019), identifying all AMI hospitalizations (n = 281,164; 25 % with DM). Acute myocardial infarction onset and in-hospital mortality were evaluated by day of week and season in patients with and without DM. Weekly patterns showed a clear Monday peak, with a 12 % higher AMI risk compared with other weekdays, particularly among individuals with DM. A pronounced seasonal pattern was also observed, with a 29 % higher AMI incidence in winter versus other seasons, again more evident in DM patients. In-hospital mortality increased for AMI occurring on weekends and during winter months, with a consistently greater magnitude of risk among patients with DM after adjustment for demographics and comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Acute myocardial infarction incidence peaks on Mondays and in winter, while mortality is higher during weekends and colder months. These temporal patterns are more pronounced among individuals with DM. Awareness of these time-dependent risks may support targeted prevention strategies, optimized care pathways, and resource planning for high-risk groups such as patients with DM.
The association between oils and fats consumption and the risk of premature coronary artery disease in a multi-centric case-control study: Iran premature coronary artery (IPAD).
Darouei B, Tabesh F, Amani-Beni R … +5 more , Nouri F, Zarepur E, Sadeghi M, Mohammadifard N, Sarrafzadegan N
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 41491142 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The impact of different dietary fats on premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) has not been well established. Given Iran's ethnic diversity, this study examined the association between fat intake a...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The impact of different dietary fats on premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) has not been well established. Given Iran's ethnic diversity, this study examined the association between fat intake and the risk and severity of PCAD in multiple Iranian ethnicities. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this multicenter case-control study, men aged <55 and women aged <65 years who were candidates for coronary angiography were recruited from major Iranian ethnicities. Intake of hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO), non-hydrogenated vegetable oil (non-HVO), animal fat, and a composite fat consumption index (FCI) was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and dichotomized at the median. Logistic regression models were fitted in three steps: crude, age- and sex-adjusted, and multivariate-adjusted. A total of 2459 participants were included: 1395 with PCAD and 1064 controls. The mean age was 51.47 ± 7.24. A higher non-HVO intake was associated with a lower risk of PCAD in the fully adjusted model (odds ratio [OR]: 0.37; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.29, 0.46). This pattern was similar in the Fars (OR = 0.31), Kurdish (OR = 0.26), Bakhtiari (OR = 0.28), and Qashqaei (OR = 0.24) groups but not in the Azari group. Non-HVO intake was also associated with lower PCAD severity (OR: 0.31; 95 %CI 0.26, 0.37). No significant associations were observed between HVO, animal fat, or FCI. The interaction tests did not show any meaningful ethnic modifications. CONCLUSIONS: Replacing solid and hydrogenated fats with liquid nonhydrogenated vegetable oils may reduce both the risk and severity of PCAD in Iranian adults and support dietary advice that prioritizes fat quality.
Sex-specific associations of anthropometric markers with prediabetes in the general population.
Naeem M, Bibi S, Bülow R … +11 more , Bahls M, Schipf S, Töpfer P, Friedrich N, Rathmann W, Aghdassi A, Nauck M, Dörr M, Völzke H, Markus MR, Ittermann T
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 41486030 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIM: We aimed to assess the sex-specific associations of different measures of body size, composition, and fat distribution with data from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and to compare their effect...
BACKGROUND AND AIM: We aimed to assess the sex-specific associations of different measures of body size, composition, and fat distribution with data from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and to compare their effect sizes in a population-based study. METHODS AND RESULT: sCross-sectional data of 3628 (1898 women, 52 %) subjects aged between 20 and 84 years were taken from the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-Trend-0). We investigated associations of markers from body anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and magnetic resonance imaging with markers from an OGTT including fasting glucose, fasting insulin, the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index, 2-h post-load (glucose and insulin) and glucose tolerance categories. For this, we used linear and multinomial logistic regression models stratified by sex and adjusted for confounding. All body composition markers were significantly associated with all OGTT parameters in both sexes. In women, visceral adipose tissue and liver fat content were most strongly associated with the OGTT parameters, while in men, the waist-to-height ratio showed the strongest association. Relative fat-free mass was the only marker, which was inversely associated with the OGTT parameters in both men and women. Overall, the associations of all body composition markers wee more pronounced in men than in women. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights that associations between body composition markers and OGTT parameters differ between men and women with a tendency of stronger associations in men than in women. Sex-specific body composition markers may have to be considered in clinical practice to predict future prediabetes and type 2 diabetes.
Prognostic impact of metabolic phenotypes in young adults (≤ 35 Years) with premature acute myocardial infarction: A Beijing-based two-center retrospective study.
Lei J, Zhuang Y, Tang S … +5 more , Chen Y, Han Y, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Fan Z
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 41486029 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Obesity and metabolic status are closely associated with cardiovascular outcomes. However, the prognostic value of metabolic phenotypes in patients with premature acute myocardial infarction (PAMI) r...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Obesity and metabolic status are closely associated with cardiovascular outcomes. However, the prognostic value of metabolic phenotypes in patients with premature acute myocardial infarction (PAMI) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the relationship between metabolic phenotypes and long-term cardiovascular outcomes in PAMI patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study included 760 AMI patients aged ≤35 years from two medical centers in Beijing. Participants were categorized into four groups: metabolically healthy non-obese (MHN), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUN), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Multivariable Cox regression models, Kaplan-Meier curves and subgroup analyses were used to evaluate the association between metabolic phenotypes and MACCE. During a median follow-up of 77 months, a total of 158 MACCE were recorded. Patients with MUO exhibited a higher risk of MACCE (MHN as reference: HR = 1.87, 95 %CI: 1.18-2.94, p = 0.007; MHO as reference: HR = 1.77, 95 %CI: 1.10-2.83, p = 0.018). Notably, the risk of revascularization was elevated in MUO. The robustness of our study findings was supported by consistent results across subgroup and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: MUO is associated with adverse outcomes in PAMI patients, suggesting it may serve as an independent predictor of poor prognosis in this population.
High atherogenic index of plasma increased the risk of new-onset hypertension.
Meng ZY, Tang SH, Mai LX … +5 more , Lu CH, Li J, Li JP, Xian SL, Zeng ZY
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 Apr · PMID 41486028 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), calculated as log10 (triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG/HDL-C), has been proposed as a reliable marker for evaluating lipid-related atheroscle...
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), calculated as log10 (triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG/HDL-C), has been proposed as a reliable marker for evaluating lipid-related atherosclerotic risk. However, the association between AIP and new-onset hypertension (HTN) remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between AIP and new-onset HTN and to explore the potential mediating role of body mass index (BMI). METHODS AND RESULTS: This prospective cohort study included adult participants without HTN at baseline who were enrolled from a large community-based health screening program between 2014 and 2023. Baseline clinical characteristics, anthropometric parameters, and biochemical indices were collected. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to determine the inflection point of AIP for grouping participants into low- and high-AIP categories. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance baseline confounders between groups. The cumulative incidence of HTN was compared using cumulative risk curves and log-rank tests. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Mediation analysis was performed to assess whether BMI mediated the relationship between AIP and new-onset HTN. The results showed participants with higher baseline or cumulative AIP values had a significantly higher risk of developing HTN (log-rank p < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, individuals in the high-AIP group exhibited an elevated risk of new-onset HTN (HR = 1.42, 95 % CI 1.25-1.61, p < 0.001) compared with those in the low-AIP group. BMI partially mediated the association between AIP and HTN, accounting for approximately 5.76 % of the total effect (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A high AIP increased the risk of new HTN. BMI potentially mediated the association between the AIP and new-onset HTN.
Comment on "Hormone replacement therapy and serum uric acid in postmenopausal women: A cardiometabolic insight".
Singh J, Kumar D
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis · 2026 Feb · PMID 41486027 · Publisher ↗
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