Jiménez-Ortega RF, López-Pérez TV, Aparicio-Bautista DI
… +7 more, Becerra-Cervera A, Patiño N, Aquino-Gálvez A, Hidalgo-Bravo A, Salmerón J, Rivera-Paredez B, Velázquez-Cruz R
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Previous studies have reported that genetic variants in the GCKR, FADS1, BCO1, and FGF21 genes are associated with lipid metabolism and may contribute to the development of dyslipidemia (DL). In this...BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Previous studies have reported that genetic variants in the GCKR, FADS1, BCO1, and FGF21 genes are associated with lipid metabolism and may contribute to the development of dyslipidemia (DL). In this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) rs780094/rs1260326-GCKR, rs174546-FADS1, rs6564851-BCO1, and rs838133-FGF21 and the lipid profile, as a cumulative effect, through a Genetic Risk Score (GRS) in the Mexican-Mestizo population. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was conducted in a population of 1,925 Mexican adults from the Health Workers Cohort Study. Demographic and clinical data were obtained through a structured questionnaire and standardized procedures. Genotyping assays were performed with predesigned TaqMan probes, and association analyses with lipid profile were estimated using linear and logistic regression. CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm that GRS is a predictor of cardiometabolic risk. Our data can be used for developing dietary strategies to improve the health of the Mexican population.
Sacchetta L, Gallo S, Chiriacò M
… +15 more, Tumino D, Carrubba N, Caruso I, Di Molfetta S, Anastasiou IA, Tentolouris N, Rebelos E, Fignani D, Sebastiani G, Dotta F, Giorgino F, Laviola L, Frittitta L, Solini A, Natali A
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related complications (DRCs) shows marked interindividual variability. We aimed to develop a method to estimate the burden and rate of accumulation of complication...BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related complications (DRCs) shows marked interindividual variability. We aimed to develop a method to estimate the burden and rate of accumulation of complications in relation to disease duration using standard clinical assessments. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed the clinical records of 1302 subjects from four diabetes clinics who underwent comprehensive screening for macrovascular and microvascular complications. Overt and subclinical complications were defined using standardized criteria and assigned 3 and 1 point, respectively. Microvascular and macrovascular complications tended to cluster (chi2 p < 0.0001). The global DRC score increased with diabetes duration (r = 0.34, p = 1∗10-21), and regression analysis indicated a theoretical score of zero approximately 13 years before diagnosis. Assuming -13 years as intercept, we calculated the individual rate of complication accrual and classified patients into tertiles corresponding to low (LB), moderate (MB), and high burden (HB) groups. The mean accrual rates were 0.14 [95%CI:0.13-0.16], 0.88 [95%CI:0.85-0.91], and 2.31 [95%CI: 2.24-2.39] points per 10 years, respectively. According to these models, the first subclinical complication was expected to occur approximately 65 years after diagnosis in the lowest tertile and 2 and 9 years before diagnosis in the moderate and highest tertiles, respectively. The three groups showed only marginal differences in age, diabetes duration, and HbA1c. CONCLUSION: Using real-world data, we identified thresholds that allow classification of patients with T2D according to the rate of accrual of complications relative to disease duration. This framework may facilitate research aimed at identifying biological determinants of variability in complication development. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT07250607, registered on 23/11/2025.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Relative fat mass (RFM), an adiposity index derived from waist circumference and height, has emerged as a strong and consistent marker of cardiometabolic risk. However, evidence on its association wi...BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Relative fat mass (RFM), an adiposity index derived from waist circumference and height, has emerged as a strong and consistent marker of cardiometabolic risk. However, evidence on its association with incident stroke is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of RFM with incident stroke and its subtypes. METHODS AND RESULTS: We included 7843 participants without a history of stroke and cardiovascular disease from the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease (PREVEND) community-based cohort (mean age 47.7 years, 51.3% women). Associations of RFM with incident outcomes were assessed using age- and sex-adjusted Cox regression models. Over a median follow-up period of 12.6 years, 196 participants (2.5%) experienced stroke, including 138 (70.4%) ischaemic events and 58 (29.6%) haemorrhagic events. RFM was associated with a 26% higher risk of stroke (hazard ratio per 1-SD [HR]: 1.26; 95%CI: 1.05-1.50); corresponding risk for body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio were 12%, 15%, and 17% respectively. Additional adjustment for height-indexed creatinine excretion rate (CER-index), a surrogate for muscle mass, strengthened the associations of RFM (HR: 1.41; 95%CI: 1.28-1.70) and other anthropometric indices with incident stroke. Among stroke subtypes, RFM was significantly associated with ischaemic stroke (HR: 1.33; 95%CI: 1.08-1.65) but not with haemorrhagic stroke (HR: 1.10; 95%CI: 0.80-1.51), and additional adjustment for CER-index strengthened its association only for ischaemic stroke (HR: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.25-1.94). CONCLUSIONS: RFM is strongly associated with incident stroke, particularly ischaemic stroke, and accounting for muscle mass further strengthens this relationship. These findings support RFM as a clinically meaningful proxy of pathogenic adiposity and additionally highlight the importance of incorporating body composition, into cerebrovascular risk assessment.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We examined whether the excess cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among adults with steatotic liver disease (SLD) subtypes could be reduced or eliminated through joint control of low-density lipoprote...BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We examined whether the excess cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among adults with steatotic liver disease (SLD) subtypes could be reduced or eliminated through joint control of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). METHODS AND RESULTS: This prospective cohort study included 291,995 participants from the UK Biobank, comprising 77,187 with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), 22,190 with metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD), 5474 with alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), and 187,144 without SLD. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess CVD risk associated with numbers of LDL-C, Lp(a), and hs-CRP controlled within the target range. During 12 years of median follow-up, 24,251 CVD events were documented, with 19,661 coronary heart disease and 5600 stroke. Among individuals with various SLD subtypes, those with all three factors controlled had the lowest risks of CVD, with HRs (95% CIs) of 0.65 (0.58, 0.72) in MASLD, 0.61 (0.49, 0.76) in MetALD, and 0.57 (0.35, 0.93) in ALD when comparing to zero-factor control. In addition, among individuals with SLD subtypes achieving all three factors within target ranges, the HRs (95% CIs) of CVD were 0.97 (0.88, 1.07) in MASLD, 0.90 (0.75, 1.08) in MetALD, and 0.63 (0.42, 0.95) in ALD, as compared with non-SLD controls. Similar association patterns were observed for coronary heart disease and stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Participants with various SLD subtypes who had optimally controlled LDL-C, Lp(a), and hs-CRP showed no excess or even lower risk of CVD as compared with the general population. TRIAL REGISTERED: Not available.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Incretin-based therapies are effective for body weight (BW) management, but an attenuation in their weight loss efficacy has been consistently reported in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) versu...BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Incretin-based therapies are effective for body weight (BW) management, but an attenuation in their weight loss efficacy has been consistently reported in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) versus obesity. However, no trial has directly compared BW outcomes between populations with T2D and those with obesity but without T2D. We aimed to determine whether T2D independently modifies the weight-loss response to incretin therapies using a twin-trial approach. METHODS: We performed a meta-regression of "twin" incretin-based RCTs, each pair consisting of a trial in adults with obesity without T2D and a corresponding T2D trial evaluating the same molecule, dose, and treatment duration. The outcome of interest was placebo-adjusted percent BW change, and ratios within each trial couple were pooled using inverse-variance weighting. Two sets of meta-regressions assessed associations between BW loss and study-level covariates. RESULTS: Twenty-one RCTs forming 11 twin pairs were included. T2D trials had fewer female participants, but higher prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Placebo-adjusted weight loss was significantly lower in T2D versus obesity trials (pooled ratio: 0.61, 95% C.I. 0.56; 0.67). Study-level diabetes status, age, BMI, sex distribution, ethnicity, and cardiometabolic comorbidities significantly correlated with BW loss at univariate analysis. Adjustment for covariates differing between trial type and associated with BW reduction nullified the association between T2D status and weight loss (p = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced weight loss with incretin-based therapies observed in T2D versus obesity trials appears primarily driven by demographic and cardiometabolic features rather than diabetes-specific biological resistance.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are often associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and increased cardiovascular risk due to the systemic distribution of atherosclerotic plaques. Carotid artery di...BACKGROUND AND AIM: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are often associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and increased cardiovascular risk due to the systemic distribution of atherosclerotic plaques. Carotid artery disease (CAD) shares similar pathophysiological mechanisms with PAD, but its clinical determinants in patients with ischemic DFUs remain poorly defined. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of significant CAD in patients with DFUs and PAD, and to identify clinical and vascular factors influencing its occurrence in this high-risk population. METHODS AND RESULTS: This retrospective study included 75 patients with type 2 diabetes and neuro-ischemic DFUs who underwent lower limb revascularization. Clinical, vascular, and wound characteristics and PAD anatomical severity were recorded. Significant CAD (≥70% stenosis, CAD+) was detected in 8 patients (10.7%), while the remaining 67 patients were classified as CAD-. Compared with CAD- patients, CAD + patients were older (mean age 77 vs 69 years) and more frequently smokers (87.5% vs 13.4%, p < 0.001), whereas no significant differences were observed in metabolic parameters or PAD anatomical severity. Patients with CAD + more frequently exhibited mixed carotid plaques (62.5% vs 30%, p = 0.02), whereas CAD- patients predominantly had calcified plaques (44.8% vs 25%) (p < 0.05). At the multivariate analysis, smoking (OR 7.5; 95% CI 2.1-15.6; p < 0.001) and age >75 years (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.7-8.1; p = 0.002) emerged as independent predictors of CAD+. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with ischemic DFUs and PAD undergoing revascularization, clinically relevant CAD is not uncommon and is primarily driven by age and smoking rather than by other clinical-metabolic characteristics and the severity of PAD.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study aimed to investigate the association between the baseline and cumulative C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index (CTI) with the progression of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) sy...BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study aimed to investigate the association between the baseline and cumulative C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index (CTI) with the progression of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data were derived from 7280 participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2011 to 2020. Logistic regression models assessed the link between CTI and advanced CKM stages, while Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the association between baseline and cumulative CTI with incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). At baseline, individuals in the higher CTI quartiles (Q2-Q4) had significantly increased odds of being in advanced CKM stages compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q1) (P for trend <0.001). During a median follow-up of 9.0 years, 1322 participants (21.1%) across CKM Stages 0-3 experienced MACEs. Each one standard deviation (SD) increase in CTI was associated with a higher risk of MACEs [adjusted HR (95% CI): 1.113 (1.037, 1.195)]. Each one SD increase in cumulative CTI was also associated with a higher risk of MACEs [adjusted HR (95% CI): 1.030 (1.006, 1.054)]. CTI provides incremental prognostic value for MACEs beyond its individual components (C-reactive protein alone, triglyceride-glucose index alone, and their combination). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated CTI was independently associated with more advanced stages of CKM syndrome and predicted a higher risk of cardiovascular events among individuals without pre-existing cardiovascular disease. These findings suggest that CTI may serve as a valuable biomarker for early risk stratification and targeted intervention in CKM management.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) and its modified indices are potential cardiovascular risk markers, but their association with hypertension remains unclear. This study investigated the relation...BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) and its modified indices are potential cardiovascular risk markers, but their association with hypertension remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between AIP and its modified indices (AIP-WC, AIP-BMI, AIP-WHtR) with the risk of prehypertension and hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS: A retrospective cohort study of 39,908 Chinese hospital participants was conducted. Cross-sectional analyses examined associations of AIP indices with prehypertension/hypertension using multivariate logistic regression. For incident cases, 5686 participants with follow-up data were analyzed with Cox proportional hazards analysis. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with DeLong's test compared predictive performance. Mediation analysis quantified the role of uric acid (UA). Higher AIP and its modified indices were significantly associated with prevalent prehypertension and hypertension. In fully adjusted models, the highest quartile of AIP, AIP-WC, AIP-BMI, and AIP-WHtR showed the strongest cross-sectional associations. Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed significant positive associations between AIP modified indices and new-onset prehypertension and hypertension. AIP-WHtR demonstrated the strongest longitudinal association for prehypertension (HR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.53-2.76) and hypertension (HR = 3.06, 95% CI: 2.15-4.35). Restricted Cubic Spline analysis showed linear and nonlinear dose-response relationships for new-onset prehypertension and hypertension, respectively. ROC analysis indicated AIP-BMI marginally outperformed other indices in predicting incident prehypertension and hypertension. UA mediated a substantial portion of these associations. CONCLUSIONS: AIP and its modified indices are significantly associated with prevalent and incident prehypertension and hypertension, with UA playing a significant mediating role in these relationships.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Obesity among children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years has increased dramatically. This study aimed to investigate the association of animal protein intake (API) and plant protein intake (PPI) wit...BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Obesity among children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years has increased dramatically. This study aimed to investigate the association of animal protein intake (API) and plant protein intake (PPI) with obesity in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. METHODS AND RESULTS: This cross-sectional study used data from 70,332 adolescents who participated in the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA). Dietary intake of animal and plant proteins was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall (24HR). Protein intake was stratified into quintiles based on the percentage of total energy derived from this nutrient. Associations between protein intake and obesity were estimated using logistic regression models, adjusted for age, type of school (used as a proxy for income), physical activity level, and total energy intake. All models were stratified by sex. Among boys, those in the fourth and fifth quintiles of API had 75% and 91% higher odds of obesity, respectively. Among girls, there was a trend toward increased odds of obesity, although it was not statistically significant. Higher odds of abdominal obesity were observed for both sexes in the two highest quintiles of API intake (girls: OR1.26, 95% CI 1.03-1.54; boys: OR1.78, 95% CI 1.29-2.46). As for PPI, lower odds of abdominal obesity were observed only among girls in the fourth quintile (OR0.80, 95% CI 0.65-0.98). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that despite the multifactorial nature of obesity, reducing API and increasing PPI may help decrease the odds of general and abdominal obesity among adolescents.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The influence of perimenopause on changes in resting and postprandial energy metabolism remains unclear. The main objective of the present study was to compare energy metabolism in resting and postpr...BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The influence of perimenopause on changes in resting and postprandial energy metabolism remains unclear. The main objective of the present study was to compare energy metabolism in resting and postprandial states between pre, peri and postmenopausal women, in considering the individual's body composition characteristics and movement behaviors. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-one premenopausal women (38.9 ± 5.0 years), twenty-two perimenopausal women (49.5 ± 3.8 years) and twenty-one postmenopausal women (55.4 ± 3.7 years) were included in the analyses. Body composition (fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM)) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and movement behaviors by accelerometry. Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation rates were measured by indirect calorimetry at rest (20 min) and postprandially 3h after a calibrated and balanced meal, expressed in absolute terms and relative to FFM. The thermic effect of food (TEF) was calculated. There were no significant differences in resting and postprandial energy metabolism based on menopausal status. TEF was significantly higher in peri compared to premenopausal women (p = 0.03), but no other differences were observed between groups. Significant and positive correlations were found between FFM, energy expenditure and substrate use both at rest and postprandially (from p = 0.049 to p < 0.001). Postmenopausal women displayed an altered cardiometabolic profile compared to pre and perimenopausal women (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: When they have similar body composition and movement behaviours, perimenopausal women do not exhibit differences in resting or postprandial energy metabolism compared to pre and postmenopausal women.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) often coexist and contribute significantly to cardiovascular mortality. This study aims to evaluate national trends and disparities in CA...BACKGROUND AND AIM: Coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) often coexist and contribute significantly to cardiovascular mortality. This study aims to evaluate national trends and disparities in CAD-related mortality among U.S. adults with CKD from 1999 to 2019. METHODS AND RESULTS: Mortality data from the CDC WONDER database were analyzed, identifying CAD (ICD-10 codes I20-I25) and CKD (ICD-10 code N18) as multiple causes of death. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and crude mortality rates (CMRs) per 100,000 persons were calculated. Annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were used to assess trends over time using Joinpoint regression. A total of 523,131 deaths were recorded between 1999 and 2019. The AAMR declined from 13.12 in 1999 to 9.62 in 2019, with an AAPC of -1.58% (95 % CI: -3.22 to 0.09; p = 0.06). Men had a higher AAMR (16.91) compared to women (8.15). Non-Hispanic (NH) Black individuals had the highest AAMR (18.87), followed by NH American Indians (12.89), Hispanics (12.25), NH White (10.84) and NH Asians (10.04). Nonmetropolitan areas reported a higher AAMR (12.21) compared to metropolitan areas (11.52). Regionally, the Midwest recorded the highest AAMR (12.36). States in the top 90th percentile reported double the AAMRs compared to those in the bottom 10th percentile. CONCLUSIONS: While CAD-related mortality among CKD patients has declined over the past two decades, the burden remains disproportionately high among men, NH Black individuals, and residents of rural areas and the Midwest. Targeted and equity-focused interventions are essential to reduce these disparities.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study aimed to quantify the mediation of the adiposity-cardiovascular risk association by chronic low-grade inflammation and to test whether vitamin D status modulates this mediation. METHODS AND...BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study aimed to quantify the mediation of the adiposity-cardiovascular risk association by chronic low-grade inflammation and to test whether vitamin D status modulates this mediation. METHODS AND RESULTS: This prospective cohort study included 1828 adults without prior cardiovascular disease, recruited in 2016 and followed for 54 months. Baseline measurements included body fat percentage (BF%), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). The primary endpoint was incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Associations were assessed using adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate the role of inflammation and the potential modifying effect of vitamin D status. Among participants, 233 (12.7%) developed MACE. High BF% (aHR = 1.82 [1.13-2.92]), hsCRP (aHR = 2.92 [2.24-3.79]), and severe 25OHD deficiency (aHR = 1.37 [1.03-1.81]) independently predicted MACE. Inflammation significantly mediated the adiposity-MACE association, with mediated proportion decreasing as 25OHD increased: 21.3% in deficiency (-1SD), 14.9% for average values, and 7.1% for high concentrations (+1SD). 25OHD specifically modulated the inflammation→MACE pathway (β = -0.143, p < 0.001) without influencing the effect of adiposity on inflammation. The direct effect of adiposity persisted at all 25OHD levels. CONCLUSION: Inflammation partially mediates the association between adiposity and cardiovascular risk, and is significantly modulated by vitamin D status in a dose-response relationship. Correcting vitamin deficiency could be an adjunctive strategy in obese individuals. Randomized trials are needed to establish the causality of this relationship.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The association between obesity and osteoporosis (OP) remains complex and elusive. We elucidated the associations and identified the mediators between obesity/visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and bone mi...BACKGROUND AND AIM: The association between obesity and osteoporosis (OP) remains complex and elusive. We elucidated the associations and identified the mediators between obesity/visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and bone mineral density (BMD) and OP in the UK Biobank population, as well as explored the causal associations between obesity/VAT and OP. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed 38,026 UK Biobank participants. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used to investigate the association between obesity/VAT and both BMD and OP. Restricted cubic spline methods were used to assess nonlinear relationships. Mediation analysis assessed the mediating effects of biochemical indicators and inflammatory factors in obesity/VAT and OP. Mendelian randomization assessed the causal association between obesity/VAT and OP. The results showed a positive association between obesity/VAT and BMD at the vertebrae, femoral neck, and total body, as well as a negative association between obesity and the incidence of OP. Furthermore, nonlinear relationships were observed between VAT and both BMD and OP. Urate and phosphorus may exhibit a mediating trend in the relationship between obesity and OP. The Mendelian randomization results suggested a potential causal effect between obesity and OP, while VAT was associated with OP but without evidence of a causal link. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that obesity and VAT were associated with a lower risk of OP and that urate and phosphorus demonstrated a potential mediating trend.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The causal effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition on aortic aneurysm (AA), as well as the underlying lipid metabolism, remain largely unexplored. METHODS AND RESULTS: We extracted...BACKGROUND AND AIM: The causal effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition on aortic aneurysm (AA), as well as the underlying lipid metabolism, remain largely unexplored. METHODS AND RESULTS: We extracted genetic variants within the cis-region of the SLC5A2 gene from the genome-wide association study of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to proxy the effects of SGLT2 inhibition. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was subsequently performed to evaluate the causal effect of SGLT2 inhibition on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, serving as a positive control) and AA. Two-step mediation MR was further implemented to elucidate the potential mediating role of lipid metabolism in the pathway linking SGLT2 inhibition to AA. We found genetically predicted SGLT2 inhibition (per 1 SD decrease in HbA1c) was associated with reduced risk of T2DM (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.86, P = 0.008) and AA (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.92, P = 7.36 × 10). Subgroup analysis indicated that SGLT2 inhibition could lower the incidence of abdominal AA (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.99, P = 0.024) and thoracic AA (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.98, P = 0.024). Mediation analysis suggested that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) mediated the effect of SGLT2 inhibition on AA and abdominal AA, with a mediated proportion of 3.55% (95% CI: 1.38%, 5.72%, P = 0.001) and 6.14% (95% CI: 2.63%, 9.64%, P = 5.60 × 10), respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that HDL-C could partially mediate the protective effect of SGLT2 inhibition on AA, particularly on abdominal AA.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic low-grade inflammation contributes to metabolic and cardiovascular disease yet assessing relevant biomarkers can be costly and invasive. Whole-body phase angle (PhA), derived from bioelectric...BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic low-grade inflammation contributes to metabolic and cardiovascular disease yet assessing relevant biomarkers can be costly and invasive. Whole-body phase angle (PhA), derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), provides a simple, non-invasive marker of cellular health, but its association with biomarkers of inflammation and insulin resistance in generally healthy adults remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate associations between whole-body PhA and biomarkers of inflammation and insulin resistance in a sample of generally healthy adults, while controlling for relevant covariates. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-seven men and women (mean ± SD: age 52.1 ± 10.9 y; body mass index 25.8 ± 4.3 kg/m) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. PhA was measured using multifrequency BIA, and inflammatory and insulin resistance biomarkers were measured by fasting blood draw. Associations were assessed using multivariable linear regressions with adjustments for age, waist circumference, height, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary behavior (SB). In the fully adjusted model, a higher PhA was associated with lower levels of C-reactive protein (β = -0.311, p = 0.043), adiponectin (β = -0.271, p = 0.031), and leptin (β = -0.427, p < 0.001), and a higher adiponectin-leptin ratio (β = 0.251; p = 0.010). No significant associations were observed with interluekin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or insulin resistance biomarkers (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that PhA may be a promising non-invasive marker of low-grade inflammation in adults.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Fat and fatty acid intake and their associations with obesity among Asian children and adolescents have not been well studied. This study aimed to assess the relationship between fat and fatty acid i...BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Fat and fatty acid intake and their associations with obesity among Asian children and adolescents have not been well studied. This study aimed to assess the relationship between fat and fatty acid intake and overweight/obesity in Korean children and adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study included 6907 individuals aged 6-18 years from the 2014-2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Fat and fatty acid intake was assessed using a 1-day 24-h dietary recall and fat intake (% of total energy) was categorized into animal and plant fats. Participants in the highest tertiles of animal fat and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake had higher odds of overweight/obesity compared with those in the lowest tertiles (Animal fat: odds ratio (OR) 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.48; MUFAs: OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01-1.47; all P for trend < 0.05). Among boys, higher intakes of MUFAs and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a higher unsaturated fatty acid (UFA)/saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio were associated with increased odds of overweight/obesity (MUFAs: OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.07-1.77; PUFAs: OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03-1.67; UFA/SFA ratio: OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.18-1.89; all P for trend < 0.05). Conversely, girls in the highest tertile of the UFA/SFA ratio had lower odds of overweight/obesity (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51-0.90; P for trend < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Higher intakes of animal fat and MUFAs were associated with increased odds of overweight/obesity, with sex-specific patterns among Korean children and adolescents. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify causality.