Archiv Fur Kriminologie[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Skide godt! - Phenomenon Olsen gang from a forensic point of view.
Ondruschkal B, van Ngoc D, DreBler J … +1 more , Bratanou S
Arch Kriminol · 2016 Sep · PMID 29870174
INTRODUCTION: The Olsen gang is a 14-episode film series about a gang of three thieves, who are very imaginative, but often unsuccessful in their burglary attempts "to score a real hit". In Denmark, the German Democratic...
INTRODUCTION: The Olsen gang is a 14-episode film series about a gang of three thieves, who are very imaginative, but often unsuccessful in their burglary attempts "to score a real hit". In Denmark, the German Democratic Republic and Poland the films about Egon Olsen were blockbusters and still enjoy cult status there. Apart from a small amount of popular literature, the phenomenon of the Olsen gang has never been scientifically investigated from a forensic point of view so far. METHODS: The films, produced between 1968 and 1998 (more than 22 hours of footage), were evaluated and compared with each other under forensic, legal and forensic-psychiatric aspects. The cooperation between the three scientific disciplines was intended to add a new perspective to the crime comedies. RESULTS: A wide variety of medically relevant facts are presented in the movies. Even with all their criminal enthusiasm the Olsen gang commits almost no crimes against anyone's physical integrity. The films show legally comparable crimes, especially cases of severe band theft. Based on the criminal offenses committed, no gang member suffers from a psychiatric disorder fulfilling the criteria defined in Sections 20, 21 German Criminal Code. CONCLUSIONS: The great international success of the Olsen gang is certainly attributable to the imaginative theft plans for "fund-raising" and their almost pitiful failure. Many forensically relevant aspects are not shown in a realistic way. The accumulation of offenses and periods of imprisonment could result in preventive detention. The offenders are driven by normal psychological motives.
Fatal injuries caused by a bull.
Ortmann J, Doberentz E, Madea B
Arch Kriminol · 2016 Sep · PMID 29870173
Fatalities caused by cattle occur relatively often in rural areas and mostly show sharp and blunt injuries. In the presented case, a 61-year-old farmer was found dead in a cowshed together with an untied bull. Autopsy re...
Fatalities caused by cattle occur relatively often in rural areas and mostly show sharp and blunt injuries. In the presented case, a 61-year-old farmer was found dead in a cowshed together with an untied bull. Autopsy revealed severe hemorrhages and massive chest trauma with multiple bilateral rib fractures. The cause of death was severe chest trauma. In the presented case, death was not brought about by the bull's horns but by butts to the man's chest.
,,Flora and fauna" in criminalistics - an analysis of the current use and relevance of non-human biological trace materials in criminal proceedings.
Nahrmann J, Amnendt J, Zehner R … +1 more , Parzeller M
Arch Kriminol · 2016 Sep · PMID 29870172
The analysis of biological, non-human trace specimens can contribute significantly to solving a criminal case. The present study searches the relevant German criminal, forensic, legal and biological literature, focusing...
The analysis of biological, non-human trace specimens can contribute significantly to solving a criminal case. The present study searches the relevant German criminal, forensic, legal and biological literature, focusing on animal hairs, insects and plant fragments, and assesses the current opportunities of this special forensic branch and its acceptance and relevance for the evidence in court. It turns out that the analysis of these trace materials has an enormous range of potential applications which should not only be reflected in the forensic sciences, but also in the criminal trials. However, in the legal literature and legal annotations the topic of biological, non-human trace materials is addressed only sporadically. To derive the greatest practical benefit from the developments of forensic biology, the knowledge about the use of biological, non-human trace specimens should be promoted for the criminal proceedings. Investigators, judges, prosecutors and defense lawyers should be more thoroughly informed and become trained by forensic biologists.
Subnuclear lipid-containing vacuolization in cases of ketoacidosis - correlation of morphological findings and ketone body concentrations.
Wollner K, Hess C, Madea B
Arch Kriminol · 2016 Aug · PMID 29894604
In a study on alcoholics, diabetics, cases of hypothermia, combinations of alcoholism, diabetes and hypothermia as well as 55 controls, ketone body measurements were performed in femoral vein blood, heart blood, vitreous...
In a study on alcoholics, diabetics, cases of hypothermia, combinations of alcoholism, diabetes and hypothermia as well as 55 controls, ketone body measurements were performed in femoral vein blood, heart blood, vitreous humor, cerebrospinal fluid and urine. Histological investigations were carried out on the kidneys of the deceased. In addition to HE-staining, the cuts were stained with Sudan and PAS to allow differentiation between lipids and glycogens. The degree of stainability in the Sudan stains was correlated with the ketone body concentrations measured. In those cases in which elevated ketone body concentrations were measured, marked fat deposits in the renal tubular epithelial cells could be demonstrated with the Sudan staining method. The higher the stainability the higher the ketone body concentrations. The ketone body concentrations measured in the various body fluids correlated with the intensity of fat stainability.
So-called skin signs in acute pancreatitis.
Birnaruberl CG, RiBe M, Kettner M … +3 more , Schnabel A, Ramsthaler F, Verhoff MA
Arch Kriminol · 2016 Aug · PMID 29894603
Skin signs in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (e. g., Cullen's and Grey-Turner's sign) have been described in clinical medicine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if, and how often, skin signs were noted in aut...
Skin signs in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (e. g., Cullen's and Grey-Turner's sign) have been described in clinical medicine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if, and how often, skin signs were noted in autopsy-confirmed cases of necrotizing pancreatitis. In a first step, the literature was extensively reviewed to establish which skin signs have so far been described in acute pancreatitis cases. As a second step, the reports of 16,000 autopsies performed at the Institutes of Legal Medicine in Frankfurt am Main and Giessen, Germany, were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty cases with necrotizing pancreatitis were found. In almost all of these, necrotizing pancreatitis was - either solely or in combination with other factors - the cause of death. In three cases, discolorations of the skin were found that were considered to be skin signs due to their location. At least in the evaluated medicolegal autopsy pool, skin signs in necrotizing pancreatitis thus appear to be a rare occurrence. Nevertheless, in cases of unexpected death, particularly of individuals with a history of alcohol abuse, necrotizing pancreatitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hematomas possibly attributed to trauma.
Interrupted (self -)medication with pancuronium(bromide) and fatal outcome.
Kernbach-Wighton G, Hess C, Madea B
Arch Kriminol · 2016 Aug · PMID 29894602
Pancuronium(bromide) is used because of its relaxing effect on striated muscles and usually requires artificial respiration. A 52-year-old woman suffered from long-standing "generalized dystonia", which had become resist...
Pancuronium(bromide) is used because of its relaxing effect on striated muscles and usually requires artificial respiration. A 52-year-old woman suffered from long-standing "generalized dystonia", which had become resistant to conventional therapy. Therefore, an anesthetist established a permanent medication scheme with pancuronium using a PCA pump. This pump had been controlled by the patient herself ensuring an acceptable quality of life with broad personal autonomy. Finally, the woman was found dead in her flat by a member of a home nursing service. The infusion hose showed a fixed knot and further blocking by a clamp. The autopsy findings were non-specific, except for the presence of opioid tablets in the colon. Toxicological analyses showed 72ng/ml pancuronium and 21 ng/ml oxycodone (therapeutic) in the femoral venous blood. The range of published pancuronium levels varies from approx. 80 to 2,000 ng/ml. Thus it had to be assumed that the pancuronium level was too low (72 ng/ml) so that symptoms of dystonia recurred. Based on extensive literature research, the described case can be qualified as unique. The therapy concept had been innovative, sufficient and effective for more than 10 years. It allowed the patient to enjoy a maximum of autonomy. Ultimately, death was due to the blocked pancuronium infusion. The relatively low pancuronium level had provoked the dystonia to return with generalized spasms also involving the respiratory muscles resulting in respiratory arrest. During the police investigations, two previous suicide attempts came to light.
The Clinical-Forensic Network of Styria as a pilot project: findings of the accompanying socio-scientific study.
Arch Kriminol · 2016 Aug · PMID 29894601
The clinical-forensic documentation of domestic violence and sexual offences should preferably be done shortly after the incident both under standardized and professional conditions in order to secure items of evidence f...
The clinical-forensic documentation of domestic violence and sexual offences should preferably be done shortly after the incident both under standardized and professional conditions in order to secure items of evidence for any legal proceedings in the best possible way. For this purpose, Austria's first low-threshold clinical forensic care unit was founded in 2008 in Graz. The resulting model project "Clinical-Forensic Network of Styria" (,,Klinisch-forensisches Netzwerk Steiermark") was developed to offer Styria-wide low-threshold facilities for forensic examinations, legally admissible documentation and securing of evidence. The need to pursue and extend this interdisciplinary network is obvious; this project may have a role model effect on the establishment of clinical-forensic networks in other federal states of Austria. In this regard, a high potential and an integrative effect on inter- and transdisciplinary network building are attributed to forensic medicine.
Justus v. Liebig and forensic toxicology.
Schutz H, Weiler G
Arch Kriminol · 2016 Aug · PMID 29894600
Justus Liebig (1803-1873) was a renowned chemist, successful in many fields such as chemical analysis, agricultural chemistry, food chemistry, academic teaching and also forensic toxicology. He excelled in court in his r...
Justus Liebig (1803-1873) was a renowned chemist, successful in many fields such as chemical analysis, agricultural chemistry, food chemistry, academic teaching and also forensic toxicology. He excelled in court in his role as an analyst and expert and appeared in extraordinary poisoning cases.
About the influence of burial on the development of forensically relevant blow fly larvae.
Trageser P, Bernhardt V, Verhoff MA … +1 more , Amendt J
Arch Kriminol · 2016 Aug · PMID 29894599
The determination of the minimum post-mortem interval (PMImin) based on the age estimation of necrophagous blowflies is an established forensic technique. Blow fly larvae are able to continue their development to the adu...
The determination of the minimum post-mortem interval (PMImin) based on the age estimation of necrophagous blowflies is an established forensic technique. Blow fly larvae are able to continue their development to the adult insect on buried corpses. However, it is not clear which factors influence their viability under these circumstances or to what extent. This was investigated in the present paper for Calliphora vicina, one of the most common blowflies in Germany. In respect to forensic casework, an explicit question was if reference values obtained by rearing blowfly larvae under laboratory conditions could be applied to individuals growing in a shallow grave. Under variable ambient temperature conditions, hatched flies exhibited a slightly lower length of the wing veins (0.2 mm) and of the tibia (0.1 mm) than the larvae which had been buried. The period of development, expressed as accumulated degree days (ADD), was 399.8 in buried larvae and 406.1 in larvae not covered with soil as control. Under constant temperature conditions no significant differences in the body length of the larvae and the average time of development (20.3 respectively 20.4 days) was observed. The results of the present study thus suggest that the data published on the development of C. vicina larvae can be used to calculate the PMI of a corpse found in a shallow grave of not more than 20 cm depth.
[An unusual bodily injury].
Kernbach-Wighton G, Hess C, Madea B
Arch Kriminol · 2016 · PMID 27386625
In most cases, bodily harm results from the use of sharp objects or blunt force. This paper deals with a 42-year-old pharmacist who was known to the police and the courts because of several previous convictions for bodil...
In most cases, bodily harm results from the use of sharp objects or blunt force. This paper deals with a 42-year-old pharmacist who was known to the police and the courts because of several previous convictions for bodily injury. The man had visited a pub just before it closed and was therefore not served any drinks. He got angry about this and returned to his pharmacy (within walking distance) to fetch three disposable syringes which he filled with phosphoric acid (85%). Through the open pub window, he splattered the acid from the syringes on two guests and the host, who were hit on the upper part of their bodies and the arms. All the victims developed dermal alterations such as focal erythema and small blisters (pemphigus-like efflorescences, as already described by Weyrich). At first, the pharmacist denied the use of phosphoric acid and claimed to have used a mixture of urine and water. Examinations of spots on the still unwashed clothes revealed very low pH-values (ca. 2.0; pH-Indicator-Stripes, Merck; Medi-Test, Machery & Nagel). Tests for substances typical of urine produced completely negative results. However, very high phosphate concentrations were found on the spots in question. Thus, the probability that the pharmacist had used phosphoric acid to commit the offence was very high. The pharmacist was sentenced to one year and two months' imprisonment for dangerous bodily harm according to Section 224 German Criminal Code. In accordance with the law, phosphoric acid was classified as "poison", for which application on the skin is sufficient.
[Stature estimation from sagittal and coronal suture lengths for Central European individuals].
Kolencherry TV, Birngruber CG, Ramsthaler F … +2 more , Verhoff MA, Kölzer SC
Arch Kriminol · 2016 · PMID 27386624
$Human skulls frequently represent the only skeletal remains of an unidentified corpse available for forensic osteological examination. Skulls are very useful in reliably determining sex and also yield fairly good clues...
$Human skulls frequently represent the only skeletal remains of an unidentified corpse available for forensic osteological examination. Skulls are very useful in reliably determining sex and also yield fairly good clues to an individual's age and ancestry. To date, however, a sufficiently accurate correlation between skull measurements and stature could not be found. In contrast, the results of a study by Rao et al. (2009) seemed to be promising, by finding a good correlation between the length of the coronal and sagittal sutures and stature in a male Indian population. In an attempt to verify the transferability of their results to a Central European population, the authors measured the length of the sagittal and coronal sutures with a tape measure along with body height in the course of 117 autopsies performed at the Institute of Forensic Medicine at the University of Giessen during 2009 and 2010. The age of the individuals measured ranged from 15 to 96 years (mean value 52.8, median 51 years). Of these individuals, 82 were male and 35 were female. The length of the sagittal suture with respect to body length yielded a correlation coefficient of only r = 0.045 (p = 0.617) in the regression analysis. Similar results were found for the coronal suture: In this case the correlation coefficient was r = 0.015. With an assumed maximum permissible probability of error of α = 0.05, none of the performed regression analyses were found to be statistically significant. As expected, our results suggest that neither the length of the sagittal nor the length of the coronal suture is suitable for a forensic estimation of stature for Central European individuals.
[True color accuracy in digital forensic photography].
Ramsthaler F, Birngruber CG, Kröll AK … +2 more , Kettner M, Verhoff MA
Arch Kriminol · 2016 · PMID 27386623
Forensic photographs not only need to be unaltered and authentic and capture context-relevant images, along with certain minimum requirements for image sharpness and information density, but color accuracy also plays an...
Forensic photographs not only need to be unaltered and authentic and capture context-relevant images, along with certain minimum requirements for image sharpness and information density, but color accuracy also plays an important role, for instance, in the assessment of injuries or taphonomic stages, or in the identification and evaluation of traces from photos. The perception of color not only varies subjectively from person to person, but as a discrete property of an image, color in digital photos is also to a considerable extent influenced by technical factors such as lighting, acquisition settings, camera, and output medium (print, monitor). For these reasons, consistent color accuracy has so far been limited in digital photography. Because images usually contain a wealth of color information, especially for complex or composite colors or shades of color, and the wavelength-dependent sensitivity to factors such as light and shadow may vary between cameras, the usefulness of issuing general recommendations for camera capture settings is limited. Our results indicate that true image colors can best and most realistically be captured with the SpyderCheckr technical calibration tool for digital cameras tested in this study. Apart from aspects such as the simplicity and quickness of the calibration procedure, a further advantage of the tool is that the results are independent of the camera used and can also be used for the color management of output devices such as monitors and printers. The SpyderCheckr color-code patches allow true colors to be captured more realistically than with a manual white balance tool or an automatic flash. We therefore recommend that the use of a color management tool should be considered for the acquisition of all images that demand high true color accuracy (in particular in the setting of injury documentation).
[Sepsis due to fusobacteria in a young adult].
Kernbach-Wighton G, Amberg R, Parchina M … +2 more , Hess C, Madea B
Arch Kriminol · 2016 · PMID 27386622
Fusobacteria belong to the normal population of the pharyngeal mucosa as well as the mucosa of the upper airways and the gastrointestinal tract. Infections are comparatively rare. The most common causative organism is Fu...
Fusobacteria belong to the normal population of the pharyngeal mucosa as well as the mucosa of the upper airways and the gastrointestinal tract. Infections are comparatively rare. The most common causative organism is Fusobacterium necrophorum. A well-known infection caused by this germ is Lemierre's syndrome. In the presented case, a 19-year-old man (123 kg body weight, 186 cm body length) was found dead in his bed in the morning after having complained of muscular fatigue and vomiting the previous day. Autopsy was carried out only two days after death. At that time, the body showed marked putrefaction with partial greenish discoloration and marbling of the skin although it had been stored in a refrigerator at +2 degrees C in the meantime. While the autopsy itself revealed no cause of death, microbiological examination of a smear from the left lower pulmonary lobe demonstrated Staphylococcus aureus and Fusobacterium necrophorum. Toxicological investigations produced negative results throughout. The cause of death was defined as sepsis caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum.
[Skull fracture or accessory suture in a child?].
Burkhard K, Lange LM, Plenzig S … +2 more , Verhoff MA, Kölzer SC
Arch Kriminol · 2016 · PMID 27386621
Differentiation between accessory sutures and fractures in the skull of an infant can be difficult. Apart from the regular sutures there is a multitude of variations that may be mistaken for a fracture line. Such variati...
Differentiation between accessory sutures and fractures in the skull of an infant can be difficult. Apart from the regular sutures there is a multitude of variations that may be mistaken for a fracture line. Such variations include for instance the intraparietal suture between the two ossification centers of the parietal bone or the mendosal suture between the supraoccipital and interparietal bone of the occipital squama. The presented case refers to an approximately 20-month-old female child. During autopsy, a discontinuity in the right paramedian posterior cranial fossa parallel to the internal occipital crest with connection to the foramen magnum was observed. The macroscopic findings suggested a fracture line because of its course. However, neither a hemorrhage in the soft tissue nor callus formation was discernible. The discontinuity was preserved with the adjacent parts of the occipital bone for further histological examination. In the report of a cranial CT, which was carried out five days before the child's death, an accessory suture paramedially in the right posterior cranial fossa was described. When the clinical CT records were re-evaluated, a similar discontinuity at the corresponding position on the other side was detected, though of noticeably shorter length. Additionally, the preserved occipital bone fragment including the discontinuity was histologically processed. In the radiological literature, precise (radiological) criteria for differential diagnosis are indicated. A zigzag pattern with sclerotic borders and a bilateral and fairly symmetric occurrence indicate a suture, whereas a sharp lucency with non-sclerotic edges and a unilateral occurrence indicate a fracture. Taking all the findings into account, the depicted discontinuity was regarded as an accessory suture. This case demonstrates that differentiation between a fracture and an accessory suture may be difficult in the autopsy of a child and underlines the importance of a postmortem CT examination.
[Reconstructive investigations and identification measures in unknown soldiers of the Second World War].
Jopp-van Well E, Gehl A, Säring D … +6 more , Amling M, Hahn M, Sperhake J, Augustin C, Krebs O, Püschel K
Arch Kriminol · 2016 · PMID 27386620
The article reports on the exhumation and identification of unknown soldiers from the Second World War. With the help of medicolegal investigation and reconstruction methods an American pilot presumably murdered by a sho...
The article reports on the exhumation and identification of unknown soldiers from the Second World War. With the help of medicolegal investigation and reconstruction methods an American pilot presumably murdered by a shot to the head (lynch law) and an interned Italian soldier could be identified after about 70 years and brought back home.
[Fatal explosion injuries from blasting a cigarette machine].
Madea B, Ridwan H, Längin V … +1 more , Doberentz E
Arch Kriminol · 2016 · PMID 27120900
In the last few years, a growing number of cases have been reported in Germany in which vending machines have been blasted by criminals to get at the money. Thus, it was only a question of time for the first fatalities t...
In the last few years, a growing number of cases have been reported in Germany in which vending machines have been blasted by criminals to get at the money. Thus, it was only a question of time for the first fatalities to occur as a consequence of such careless explosions. We report on the death of a 16-year-old boy who died after triggering an explosion by spraying a deodorant into the coin slot of a cigarette machine. Death was caused by severe craniocerebral trauma due to tertiary blast-related injuries when the front plate of the machine hit the victim's cerebral and facial skull.
[Homicides committed by women in the area served by the Munich Institute of Legal Medicine].
Schöpfer J, Kortas A, Bormann C … +2 more , Schick S, Mützel E
Arch Kriminol · 2016 · PMID 27120899
According to crime statistics only a small percentage of intentional killings are committed by women. Female emancipation has not changed this finding. In spite of numerous studies in the field of psychiatry and social c...
According to crime statistics only a small percentage of intentional killings are committed by women. Female emancipation has not changed this finding. In spite of numerous studies in the field of psychiatry and social criminology there are few systematic investigations analyzing homicides committed by women under medico-legal aspects. The presented data include 127 homicides committed by female offenders, which were assessed at the Munich Institute of Legal Medicine between 1990 and 2010. The results of the evaluation are presented with regard to the type of offence, the motive, the means and method used to commit the offence and the sentence imposed.
[Surprisingly old skeleton found at Bornheim-Uedorf (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis)--Research results in forensic medicine, anthropology and archaeology].
Zesch S, Doberentz E, Schmauder M … +2 more , Rosendahl W, Madea B
Arch Kriminol · 2016 · PMID 27120898
On April 15th 2014, human skeletal remains were found during digging activities for constructing a new building at Bornheim-Uedorf (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis) near the river Rhine (about 20 meters) in a pit measuring 10 by 10 met...
On April 15th 2014, human skeletal remains were found during digging activities for constructing a new building at Bornheim-Uedorf (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis) near the river Rhine (about 20 meters) in a pit measuring 10 by 10 meters and having a depth of about 150 cm. The skeletal remains were preserved quite well considering the fact that they were located so near to the Rhine, although several skeletal parts were missing. The preserved skeletal remains comprised some skull fragments (including two ear bones of the right side), right scapula, both humeri, left ulna, left radius, left metacarpal bone 2, right metacarpal bones 1, 3 and 4, rib fragments, three thoracic vertebrae, all lumbar vertebrae, one sacral vertebra, pelvis fragments, left femur, proximal part of the left tibial diaphysis, right tibia and diaphysis of both fibulae. The anthropological analysis revealed that the skeletal remains belonged to a 20-to-30-year-old presumably male individual with a body height of about 163 to 173 cm (depending on the formula used for body height estimation). Evidence of intense physical activity and traumatological findings could not be detected on the preserved bones. Periosteal reactions on the bone surface caused by nonspecific bacterial infection were found on the right humerus close to the elbow and on both tibiae, especially the left one. Besides the skeletal remains, metal fragments were recovered--among them an arrowhead, which was typologically classified as an early medieval finding (6th to 7th century). Radiocarbon dating of a bone sample revealed an age of 1561 ± 19 a BP corresponding to a calibrated age of 436 to 540 AD (1 sigma). So, the archaeological classification of the recovered skeleton into the early medieval period was verified. Amongst the human remains, there was also a metatarsal bone of cattle with cut marks. The animal bone as well as the metal fragments indicated that the find was part of an early medieval burial with typical grave goods.
[Carbon monoxide poisoning by a heating system].
Dietz E, Gehl A, Friedrich P … +4 more , Kappus S, Petter F, Maurer K, Püschel K
Arch Kriminol · 2016 · PMID 27120897
A case of accidental carbon monoxide poisoning in several occupants of two neighboring residential buildings in Hamburg-Harburg (Germany) caused by a defective gas central heating system is described. Because of leaks in...
A case of accidental carbon monoxide poisoning in several occupants of two neighboring residential buildings in Hamburg-Harburg (Germany) caused by a defective gas central heating system is described. Because of leaks in one of the residential buildings and the directly adjacent wall of the neighboring house, the gas could spread and accumulated in both residential buildings, which resulted in a highly dangerous situation. Exposure to the toxic gas caused mild to severe intoxication in 15 persons. Three victims died still at the site of the accident. Measures to protect the occupants were taken only with a great delay. As symptoms were unspecific, it was not realized that the various alarms given by persons involved in the accident were related to the same cause. In order to take appropriate measures in time it is indispensible to recognize, assess and check potential risks, which can be done by using carbon monoxide warning devices and performing immediate COHb measurements with special pulse oximeters on site. Moreover, the COHb content in the blood should be routinely determined in all patients admitted to an emergency department with unspecific symptoms.
[A critical review of applied criminology].
Vollbach A
Arch Kriminol · 2016 · PMID 27120896
By reporting on a recent decision of the Regional Court (LG) of Marburg (Germany) calling attention to applied criminology, a concept still insufficiently considered in the administration of criminal justice, the paper a...
By reporting on a recent decision of the Regional Court (LG) of Marburg (Germany) calling attention to applied criminology, a concept still insufficiently considered in the administration of criminal justice, the paper argues that professional action in the execution of the sentence represents nothing else but applied criminology. Based on this assumption, the paper discusses practical diagnosis and correctional planning. Beyond that, the paper deals with the future of criminology. In the opinion of the author an important aspect for the future of criminology will be if it will be able to remain in touch with the world in which we live, as an independent empirical science. Applied criminology and its methodology constitute the link between science and practice.
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