Receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) can cause a granulomatous angiocentric pulmonary response that can lead to sudden death because of acute heart and lung failure. Here we report a case of a 57-year-old woman kno...Receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) can cause a granulomatous angiocentric pulmonary response that can lead to sudden death because of acute heart and lung failure. Here we report a case of a 57-year-old woman known with short bowel syndrome and therefore has received TPN for many years. This caused precipitation and embolisation of foreign material in the lungs, and she died of respiratory and heart failure. This case study emphasises the importance of increased attention to patients receiving TPN for extended periods of time.
Stress urinary incontinence affects up to half of women aged 40-59, yet many delay seeking medical care due to stigma and communication barriers. First-line management consists of conservative treatment, which includes t...Stress urinary incontinence affects up to half of women aged 40-59, yet many delay seeking medical care due to stigma and communication barriers. First-line management consists of conservative treatment, which includes the use of vaginal devices. This review presents five vaginal devices available in Denmark, including the conventional pessary. Overall, the included studies show promising results regarding the effect of the vaginal devices, patient satisfaction and tolerable side effects. Adequate professional guidance regarding the proper fit of the devices is essential to ensure optimal outcomes, as argued in this review.
Hepatic osteodystrophy is defined as a metabolic bone disease that may occur in individuals with chronic liver disease (CLD). Hepatic osteodystrophy commonly manifests with osteoporosis and fragility fractures. This revi...Hepatic osteodystrophy is defined as a metabolic bone disease that may occur in individuals with chronic liver disease (CLD). Hepatic osteodystrophy commonly manifests with osteoporosis and fragility fractures. This review finds that patients older than 50 years with CLD should be screened for possible osteoporosis earlier if they experience fragility fractures. Treatment includes calcium, vitamin D, and lifestyle interventions. Bisphosphonates, such as alendronate, and denosumab increase bone mineral density in CLD patients.
Tympanic membrane perforation is a common condition with varying aetiology and clinical presentation. In this review, diagnosis, prognosis and management are outlined. Many perforations heal spontaneously, especially sma...Tympanic membrane perforation is a common condition with varying aetiology and clinical presentation. In this review, diagnosis, prognosis and management are outlined. Many perforations heal spontaneously, especially small traumatic ones without infection, while others may cause hearing loss and recurrent otorrhoea. Prognosis depends on size, aetiology and infection. Surgical treatment may be considered in cases with persistent symptoms.
Blood test results influence up to 70% of all medical decisions, and their reliability depends on proper blood collection, sample storage, transportation, and accurate laboratory analysis. Most errors affecting blood tes...Blood test results influence up to 70% of all medical decisions, and their reliability depends on proper blood collection, sample storage, transportation, and accurate laboratory analysis. Most errors affecting blood test results (61-81%) occur in the pre-analytical phase. Common issues include in vitro hemolysis, underfilled or incorrect tubes, and tube-to-tube blood transfer. While laboratory quality control systems detect many errors, this review finds that prevention relies on correct blood collection procedures, education, and shared responsibility across healthcare sectors.
Infection with Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a rare, but potentially a life-threatening condition, which can cause sepsis, meningitis and endocarditis, as portrayed in this case report. Patients can typically report dog b...Infection with Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a rare, but potentially a life-threatening condition, which can cause sepsis, meningitis and endocarditis, as portrayed in this case report. Patients can typically report dog bites up to a week before symptoms of infection and medical assessment, but by then, their symptoms of local irritation may no longer be present. Thus, these patients might not mention this in their history. Awareness of Capnocytophaga infection among doctors is vital, as early recognition improves outcome.
Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) is a rare, treatment-resistant middle ear condition characterised by eosinophilic secretions and a risk of irreversible hearing loss. The condition is often seen in patients with asthma an...Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) is a rare, treatment-resistant middle ear condition characterised by eosinophilic secretions and a risk of irreversible hearing loss. The condition is often seen in patients with asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and is driven by type-2 inflammation. We describe two patients in this case with severe EOM and concomitant asthma and CRSwNP, in whom conventional treatment had limited efficacy. Treatment with the IL-5 inhibitor mepolizumab resulted in marked improvement in ear symptoms, improved hearing, and reduced need for systemic steroids.
Functional somatic disorders are common in youth, leading to reduced daily functioning, impaired quality of life and stagnation of development. The functional somatic symptoms cannot exclusively be explained by somatic d...Functional somatic disorders are common in youth, leading to reduced daily functioning, impaired quality of life and stagnation of development. The functional somatic symptoms cannot exclusively be explained by somatic disease and are best understood within a biopsychosocial framework, in which biological dysregulation, predictive coding and psychosocial factors interact in development and maintenance. Prevalence is increasing, and the condition often requires interdisciplinary collaboration, especially when comorbidities are present. Early diagnosis and family based cross-sectional intervention are key to preventing deterioration and chronicity, as argued in this review.
Chronic coronary syndrome is a common cause of chest pain. Ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) is underdiagnosed and more frequent in women. Patients with INOCA have a lower quality of life and a hig...Chronic coronary syndrome is a common cause of chest pain. Ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) is underdiagnosed and more frequent in women. Patients with INOCA have a lower quality of life and a higher risk of major adverse cardiac events. Symptoms arise from endothelial dysfunction, microvascular disease, vasospastic disease or a combination. Invasive functional testing is important to secure the diagnosis and endotype of the patient. This review finds that the treatment is both pharmacological and non-pharmacological and is guided by endotype of INOCA and has shown improved quality of life.
Patient-generated outcome measures (PGOMs) in psychiatry allow patients to actively participate in goal setting and treatment evaluation. Tools like GAS, PGI, PSYCHLOPS, and SEIQoL offer flexibility and cultural inclusiv...Patient-generated outcome measures (PGOMs) in psychiatry allow patients to actively participate in goal setting and treatment evaluation. Tools like GAS, PGI, PSYCHLOPS, and SEIQoL offer flexibility and cultural inclusiveness. While PGOMs may provide valuable insights into treatment progress - both qualitative and quantitative - the typically limited item coverage in each domain somewhat limits reliability and construct validation. Consequently, this review finds that PGOMs are best considered complementary tools to be used alongside standardised measures such as PROM, for a more comprehensive patient assessment.
A plant-based diet can be used to manage type 2 diabetes (T2D), which affects millions of people worldwide. Randomised controlled trials show that such diets improve blood sugar control, promote weight loss, and reduce t...A plant-based diet can be used to manage type 2 diabetes (T2D), which affects millions of people worldwide. Randomised controlled trials show that such diets improve blood sugar control, promote weight loss, and reduce the need for diabetes medication. Mechanisms include higher intake of fibre and unsaturated fats, and a lower calorie density combined with the absence of meat. This review finds that well-planned plant-based diets are safe, effective, and aligned with current dietary guidelines for T2D management and prevention.
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy and a frequent indication for hand surgery. Symptoms range from intermittent nocturnal paraesthesia to persistent sensory loss and thenar muscle weakn...Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy and a frequent indication for hand surgery. Symptoms range from intermittent nocturnal paraesthesia to persistent sensory loss and thenar muscle weakness, often with functional impact and socioeconomic burden. Diagnosis is clinical, supported by neurophysiological exams. Mild CTS is usually managed conservatively, while surgical decompression provides the most effective and durable relief in moderate to severe cases. This review finds variation in diagnostic and treatment pathways highlighting the need for standardised care.
Adnexal torsion is a rare condition, but it should be considered in any pregnant patient with acute-onset abdominal pain. In this case report, a pregnant woman at 35 weeks of gestation presented with one week of alternat...Adnexal torsion is a rare condition, but it should be considered in any pregnant patient with acute-onset abdominal pain. In this case report, a pregnant woman at 35 weeks of gestation presented with one week of alternating abdominal pain. Sonography showed an enlarged ovary with normal Doppler flow, but a typical whirlpool sign suggestive of ovarian torsion. A minilaparotomy was performed, which confirmed left-sided adnexal torsion. The ovary was detorsed, resulting in partial restoration of the ovary's colour. A cystectomy was performed, and the patient was discharged the following day.
In this case report, we present a rare case in which biopsies from a malignancy-suspect anastomosis after sigmoid resection revealed fimbrial tissue from the fallopian tube. The patient had severe diverticulitis with abs...In this case report, we present a rare case in which biopsies from a malignancy-suspect anastomosis after sigmoid resection revealed fimbrial tissue from the fallopian tube. The patient had severe diverticulitis with abscess and underwent resection with primary anastomosis. Persistent atypical endoscopic findings led to repeated biopsies, eventually showing tubal epithelium without malignancy, likely due to fimbrial adherence and incorporation into the anastomosis.
Hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) are common causes of pain and disability, affecting up to 70% of individuals over 65 years. Overweight is a major risk factor, that acts through mechanical overload, obesity-driven inflam...Hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA) are common causes of pain and disability, affecting up to 70% of individuals over 65 years. Overweight is a major risk factor, that acts through mechanical overload, obesity-driven inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction, supporting the concept of OA as a cytokine-driven process. This review finds that weight loss improves symptoms in knee OA, particularly in mild-to-moderate stages, while evidence in hip OA remains inconclusive. Furthermore, while GLP-1 analogues show promise further long-term trials, especially in hip OA, are warranted.
Surgery in early childhood can have long-term consequences that can extend into adolescence and adulthood. It is therefore imperative that general practitioners and hospital physicians be aware of the most common signs a...Surgery in early childhood can have long-term consequences that can extend into adolescence and adulthood. It is therefore imperative that general practitioners and hospital physicians be aware of the most common signs and symptoms that may indicate problems in patients who underwent childhood surgery. This review thus focuses on long-term complications that may occur after surgery for congenital conditions of the urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts, performed in early childhood.