One-third of the world's population is affected by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Recent studies suggest that MASLD is associated with cognitive dysfunction, even in the early stages of...One-third of the world's population is affected by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Recent studies suggest that MASLD is associated with cognitive dysfunction, even in the early stages of the disease. It is believed that MASLD contributes to systemic inflammation, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and early brain ageing, which can lead to cognitive dysfunction, as covered in this review. For now, further clinical studies are needed to unveil the optimal test for diagnosing and characterising cognitive dysfunction in MASLD.
Health inequalities are large and growing in Denmark as elsewhere. This review presents a model used by The Danish Health Authority which specifies mechanisms and entry-points for preventive and clinical interventions to...Health inequalities are large and growing in Denmark as elsewhere. This review presents a model used by The Danish Health Authority which specifies mechanisms and entry-points for preventive and clinical interventions to mitigate the health divide. Five mechanisms are specified: differential exposure and differential susceptibility to their health effects, differential disease consequences, synergetic interaction between clustering disorders and feedback loops of disease consequences acting as causes.
Despite low TB incidence in Denmark, the disease disproportionately affects vulnerable groups. Implementation of screening, contact tracing, and preventive treatment remains fragmented. A national TB elimination plan, co...Despite low TB incidence in Denmark, the disease disproportionately affects vulnerable groups. Implementation of screening, contact tracing, and preventive treatment remains fragmented. A national TB elimination plan, combining targeted outreach and social support, is needed to align with WHO goals and move toward elimination by 2050, as argued in this review.
This case report describes a 68-year-old woman with COPD and emphysema who developed persistent lung cavities following severe community-acquired pneumonia. She subsequently received repeated courses of prednisolone due...This case report describes a 68-year-old woman with COPD and emphysema who developed persistent lung cavities following severe community-acquired pneumonia. She subsequently received repeated courses of prednisolone due to clinical suspicion of an organising process, suspected recurrence thereof, and COPD exacerbations. The patient developed chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis, confirmed by imaging and microbiology. She responded well to long-term azole therapy, with both radiological and symptomatic improvement, as well as normalisation of Aspergillus fumigatus IgG.
This case highlights chronic infection caused by a permanent suture used in rectus diastasis repair. A patient developed multiple suture granulomas over three years, with confirmed Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Surgi...This case highlights chronic infection caused by a permanent suture used in rectus diastasis repair. A patient developed multiple suture granulomas over three years, with confirmed Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Surgical removal of all visible suture material led to resolution. Biofilm formation on non-absorbable sutures poses a risk for persistent infection. Slowly absorbable sutures should be the preferred choice in RD repair to minimise long-term complications.
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly and affect multiple organ systems. During pregnancy, fetal oxygen supply is dependent on sufficient uteroplacental perfusion,...Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly and affect multiple organ systems. During pregnancy, fetal oxygen supply is dependent on sufficient uteroplacental perfusion, which can be compromised during anaphylactic shock. We present two cases of anaphylactic shock during labour, highlighting that early recognition and prompt treatment are key to a successful outcome. Furthermore, regular training of healthcare professionals is essential.
This review examines growth-related injuries in children and youth football players, emphasising the importance of a biopsychosocial approach to injury prevention and rehabilitation. It highlights the physiological diffe...This review examines growth-related injuries in children and youth football players, emphasising the importance of a biopsychosocial approach to injury prevention and rehabilitation. It highlights the physiological differences between young and adult athletes, outlines specific injury types associated with growth phases, and explores key rehabilitation factors, including nutrition, sleep, and mental well-being.
Early-Onset Schizophrenia (EOS), e.g., with onset before the age of 18 years, is a complex and disabling psychiatric illness. While the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia focus on first-rank symptoms, hallucinations,...Early-Onset Schizophrenia (EOS), e.g., with onset before the age of 18 years, is a complex and disabling psychiatric illness. While the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia focus on first-rank symptoms, hallucinations, delusions, catatonia and/or thought disorders, youths with EOS usually present with several years of various psychological problems. Other symptoms, such as signs of autism, depression, anxiety or ambivalence, frequently dominate the clinical presentation. The present review describes examples of typical mental health problems experienced by EOS patients.
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH/MAS) is a life-threatening condition characterised by systemic hyperinflammation and is often triggered by infections, malignancies, or autoimmune d...Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH/MAS) is a life-threatening condition characterised by systemic hyperinflammation and is often triggered by infections, malignancies, or autoimmune disease. The HScore is a diagnostic tool used to estimate the likelihood of HLH/MAS based on clinical, biochemical, and histological findings. This case describes a patient with polymyositis developing MAS, indicated by an HScore of 219. He was treated with IV anakinra, steroids, and immunoglobulin, leading to significant improvement. This case emphasises the importance of early MAS recognition and timely intervention in critical conditions.
Ulnar nerve neuropathy is the second most common neuropathy of the upper extremity. The condition can easily be recognized clinically. The diagnosis can further be supported by either ultrasound or neurophysiological exa...Ulnar nerve neuropathy is the second most common neuropathy of the upper extremity. The condition can easily be recognized clinically. The diagnosis can further be supported by either ultrasound or neurophysiological examination. Most cases can be treated conservatively. Surgery is recommended if conservative treatment fails or in severe clinical cases. Decompression is the primary procedure performed with a success rate of up to 87%. In some cases, a transposition of the ulnar nerve is necessary. We recommend early referral and consideration of surgery when conservative treatment fails, as argued in this review.
Language barriers between healthcare professionals and families are increasingly common in Denmark and pose a serious threat to the quality and safety of healthcare for children. This review examines how these barriers l...Language barriers between healthcare professionals and families are increasingly common in Denmark and pose a serious threat to the quality and safety of healthcare for children. This review examines how these barriers lead to poorer outcomes for children, including diagnostic uncertainty and increased risks of adverse events. Although the use of professional interpreters - an entitlement in Denmark - can mitigate these risks, interpreters remain consistently underused. Furthermore, the absence of certification or educational requirements for medical interpreters in Denmark may further hinder the effectiveness and reliability of interpretation services in paediatric healthcare.
The diagnostic evaluation of sarcomas is carried out in one of the two sarcoma centres in Denmark - Aarhus University Hospital and Copenhagen University Hospital. Sarcomas are classified into soft tissue sarcomas and bon...The diagnostic evaluation of sarcomas is carried out in one of the two sarcoma centres in Denmark - Aarhus University Hospital and Copenhagen University Hospital. Sarcomas are classified into soft tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas. Furthermore, they are divided into low-grade and high-grade sarcomas according to the histopathology. This review confirms that the primary treatment for all sarcomas is surgical excision; however, chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be applied depending on the type of sarcoma. All sarcoma patients receive a minimum of five years of follow-up after treatment.
Dizziness is a common condition that can significantly reduce quality of life and increase the risk of falls. This review examines frequent vestibular causes, including benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, vestibular mi...Dizziness is a common condition that can significantly reduce quality of life and increase the risk of falls. This review examines frequent vestibular causes, including benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, vestibular migraine, Ménière's disease, and vestibular neuritis. Vestibular rehabilitation is evidence-based and enhances compensation, balance, gaze, and functional mobility in daily life through tailored exercises, that include adaptation, substitution, and habituation. Given the significant variation in implementation across Denmark, it is essential to prioritise efforts for improved quality, standardisation, and comprehensive training nationwide.
In this case report, we present an 11-year-old girl who developed super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) after focal seizures. Initial investigations, including MRI, CSF analysis, and autoimmune panels, were normal....In this case report, we present an 11-year-old girl who developed super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) after focal seizures. Initial investigations, including MRI, CSF analysis, and autoimmune panels, were normal. Despite extensive treatment with several anti-seizure medications, immunotherapy, attempt of treatment with ketogenic diet and anesthetic infusions targeting burst-suppression, no improvement occurred. Trio whole genome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in POLG, confirming mitochondrial disease. Due to poor prognosis and deterioration, treatment was withdrawn, and she died in ICU.
Encorafenib, cetuximab, and binimetinib are targeted therapies developed for metastatic colorectal cancer with a BRAF V600E mutation. This case report describes a patient with metastatic duodenal cancer with a BRAF V600E...Encorafenib, cetuximab, and binimetinib are targeted therapies developed for metastatic colorectal cancer with a BRAF V600E mutation. This case report describes a patient with metastatic duodenal cancer with a BRAF V600E mutation who achieved durable complete remission following this treatment. The case highlights the potential use of BRAF V600E targeted therapy in BRAF V600E-mutated duodenal cancer and the importance of molecular profiling in rare cancers. Further research is needed on the effect and safety of targeted therapy for small bowel adenocarcinoma.