Bratislavske Lekarske Listy[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
The level of dysbiosis of the oral cavity depends on the type of dental prosthesis of the patient.
Perepelova T, Faustova M, Dvornyk V … +3 more , Dobrovolskyi O, Koval Y, Loban G
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218492 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: The work was aimed to determine the level of oral dysbiosis of patients depending on the type of prosthetics constructures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 48 patients with the presence in the oral...
UNLABELLED: The work was aimed to determine the level of oral dysbiosis of patients depending on the type of prosthetics constructures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 48 patients with the presence in the oral cavity of fixed dentures from 4 to 6 units with a service life of no more than 3 years. The samples of plaque from the vestibular surface of dentures were collected to determine the microorganisms in the gingival plaque. Bacteriological research was carried out by the multiplex polymerase chain reaction in real time using the Phemoflor 8 reagent kit. The degree of dysbiosis of the oral cavity was determined according to the classification of V. Khazanova. RESULTS: The results of the study of patients' samples did not reveal significant changes in the microbial landscape of the cervical areas. The total bacterial mass in the group of healthy individuals was lower than the total bacterial mass of patients in the investigated group significantly. IV degree of oral dysbiosis with a decrease in the number of lactobacilli, streptococci was characteristic of patients of denture wearers. The II degree of dysbiosis in patients with metal-ceramic structures was established. Patients who used solid cast and metal-plastic structures were diagnosed with II-III degree of dysbiosis of the oral cavity. The worst indicators were characteristic of prosthesis wearers of stamped-brazed structures. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative indicators of the composition of the microbiota of the cervical areas of denture wearers have significant differences and different levels of dysbiosis of the oral cavity, depending on the type of dentures in the patients' mouth (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 21). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords.
Global research trends in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Putri WA, Setiawan J, Sofyantoro F … +5 more , Priyono DS, Septriani NI, Mafiroh WU, Yano Y, Wasityastuti W
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218491 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the global profile of the literature in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) research. BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a clinically heterogeneous condition ch...
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the global profile of the literature in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) research. BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a clinically heterogeneous condition characterized by fat accumulation in the liver and the absence of significant alcohol consumption or underlying genetic disorders. These manifestations are associated with inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis that can develop into cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. However, a study about the research trend in NAFLD has never been reported before. METHODS: The NAFLD bibliometric analysis was performed on articles indexed in the Scopus database from 1973 to 2022. RESULTS: The total number of articles published worldwide is 28,673 documents, with an annual average of 561 documents. The United States generated the most articles (n = 6548), followed by China (n = 6180), Italy (n = 2434), and Japan (n = 2032). Since 2013, the number of publications on NAFLD has increased dramatically worldwide. The popular topics in the field include medicine, biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology, pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics, and nursing. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a unique composite picture of NAFLD research worldwide and evaluates research productivity from 1973 to 2022. This finding suggests that the prospects for interventions in NAFLD remain promising (Tab. 5, Fig. 4, Ref. 57). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: bibliometric analysis, NAFLD, Scopus.
Associations between prevalence of chronic diseases and socio-economic status in adult population of Slovakia.
Potasova M, Moraucikova E, Rusnak R … +4 more , Melisova A, Pilarcikova S, Sutvajova M, Lipnicanova J
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218490 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The study presents associations between prevalence of chronic diseases and selected socio-economic (SES) attributes in adult population of Slovakia and analyses the prevalence of chronic diseases in regions...
INTRODUCTION: The study presents associations between prevalence of chronic diseases and selected socio-economic (SES) attributes in adult population of Slovakia and analyses the prevalence of chronic diseases in regions of Slovakia. METHODS: In total, 735 respondents (146 men and 589 women) with a mean age of 37.79 ± 13.6 participated in this cross-sectional study. The main observed characteristics were chronic diseases and their associations with SES attributes, namely household income, education, age and lifestyle represented by frequency in engaging in recondition-relaxation activities. In order to obtain data, a self-administrated online questionnaire was used. Data were analysed by calculation of odds ratio and chi-square test. The significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS: Apart from lung disease which are least suffered in central Slovakia (χ^2 = 9.850, df = 1, p = 0.043), the prevalence of chronic diseases is equally represented in all 8 administrative regions of Slovakia. Prevalence of chronic diseases is significantly influenced by age. The age of 40 is critical for the occurrence of chronic diseases. Respondents with higher education level have a lower prevalence of chronic diseases and vice versa (OR = 1.127; RR = 1.079). A better lifestyle represented by higher frequency of engaging in recondition relaxation activities was found in healthy respondents (OR = 0.700549 and RR = 0.936958; χ^2 test p = 0.000798). Household income did not show a significant association with the prevalence of chronic diseases (OR = 1.06; RR = 1.025; χ^2 test, p = 0.778). CONCLUSION: The study did not confirm a higher prevalence of chronic diseases in regions with weaker SES in Slovakia. Out of the 4 monitored SES attributes, 3 of them (age, education and lifestyle) had a significant impact on the prevalence of chronic diseases. Household income showed only a minimal association with the prevalence of chronic diseases, but this interdependence was not significant (Tab. 6, Ref. 41). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: socio-economic status, chronic diseases, age, household income, education.
The role of vitamin D and trace elements in premature newborns with congenital pneumonia.
Taiorazova G, Alimbaeva A, Tanatarov S
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218489 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: The objective of the research is to determine the levels of vitamin D and trace elements in the umbilical cord blood, as well as to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics in premature newborns w...
OBJECTIVES: The objective of the research is to determine the levels of vitamin D and trace elements in the umbilical cord blood, as well as to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics in premature newborns with congenital pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single‑center case-control research included 228 premature newborns who were divided into the main group composed of 76 newborns with congenital pneumonia, and control group composed of 152 newborns without congenital pneumonia, who were born in the period from January 2021 to December 2021. An enzyme immunoassay of vitamin D determination was performed along with an assessment of clinical and laboratory characteristics. The modern mass spectrometry was performed to determine the trace element status of the blood of 46 premature newborns proven to have a severe vitamin D deficiency. RESULTS: The results of our research demonstrated that premature newborns with congenital pneumonia had a severe vitamin D deficiency, low Apgar scores, and severe respiratory disorder (assessed by means of modified Downes score). The analysis showed that the newborns with congenital pneumonia had a significantly worse pH, lactate, HCO3, and pCO2 as compared with the newborns without pneumonia (p < 0.05). The analysis also revealed early biomarkers of congenital pneumonia in premature newborns, particularly thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, high c-reactive protein (CRP) (p < 0.05).Stage 2 of the research was performed with the use of modern mass spectrometry to determine the trace element status (in the first stage, vitamin D was determined) in 46 premature newborns proven to have a severe vitamin D deficiency. The examination revealed that the levels of iron, calcium, manganese, sodium, strontium were decreased, whereas the levels of magnesium, copper, zinc, aluminum, and arsenic were increased. Only potassium, chromium, and lead turned out to be in normal range. According to the available data, in contrast to the most of micronutrients in the context of inflammatory response, the plasma concentrations of copper and zinc are reported to be increased as opposed to iron, the concentration of which is shown to be decreased. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated a high prevalence of 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiency in premature newborns. A significant relationship has been shown between the respiratory status of vitamin D and presence of congenital pneumonia in premature newborns. The analysis also showed that the content of trace elements in premature newborns plays an immunomodulatory role and affects the susceptibility and outcome of the infectious process. Thrombocytopenia in premature newborns may be an early biomarker for monitoring congenital pneumonia (Tab. 2, Ref. 28). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: congenital pneumonia, premature newborn, vitamin D, trace elements, mass spectrometry.
nfrared thermography as a complementary method when diagnosing birth-related brachial plexus injury.
Pokorna J, Balintova Z, Bernard V … +3 more , Staffa E, Mornstein V, Oslejskova H
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218488 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study was to determine whether infrared thermography could be used as an efficient technique to evaluate the impact of a birth-related brachial plexus injury on the temperature of t...
OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study was to determine whether infrared thermography could be used as an efficient technique to evaluate the impact of a birth-related brachial plexus injury on the temperature of the injured arm and whether it could be used as a complementary method when diagnosing this injury in clinical praxis. BACKGROUND: Clinically, the brachial plexus injury is a peripheral paresis, which occurs when nerves that send signals from the spinal cord to the shoulder, arm, and hand are stretched or compressed. In principle, the brachial plexus injury, as a long-lasting injury, should be causing hypothermia of the injured arm. METHODS: The usage of contactless infrared thermography could offer a "new view" of the diagnostic process in this case. The present study, therefore, describes a process of clinical infrared thermography examination of three patients of different age and presents results from those examinations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: From our results, it can be confirmed that the birth-related brachial plexus injury affects the temperature of the affected arm, especially in the area of the cubital fossa, to an extent that the thermal camera is capable of detecting significant temperature differences between the healthy and injured arms (Tab. 3, Fig. 7, Ref. 13). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: birth brachial plexus injury, upper type palsy, peripheral palsy, infrared thermography.
A report on accessory renal arteries incidence in Slovak adults: Cadaveric study and surgical correlation.
Vecanova J, Hvizdosova N, Hodorova I
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218487 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate renal arterial variations in Slovak context. METHODS: Forty cadavers (80 formalin-fixed cadaveric kidneys) were included in the study. The accessory renal arteries (ARAs)...
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate renal arterial variations in Slovak context. METHODS: Forty cadavers (80 formalin-fixed cadaveric kidneys) were included in the study. The accessory renal arteries (ARAs) were evaluated on the basis of point of origin, termination in the kidney (superior pole, hilum, inferior pole), and symmetry. RESULTS: The incidence of ARAs was detected in 20 % (8/40) of the cadavers. Double renal arteries were observed in 9 (11.25 %, n = 80) of kidneys. Among 8 cadavers with ARAs, the unilateral presence of ARA was found in 7 cadavers and bilateral presence in 1 cadaver. Among 9 ARAs, polar artery was the most common anomaly seen in 7 (78 %) kidneys (inferior polar artery 5, superior polar artery 2) followed by the hilar artery in 2 kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first cadaveric study on the incidence and morphology of ARAs in Slovakia. The study has shown that the variations in renal arterial anatomy are a frequent finding (20 % of cadavers) while all of the described variants have significant implications for a variety of surgical procedures in the retroperitoneal space. The variations in renal arteries should be considered an integral part of anatomy teaching as they point to the diverse clinical reality of anatomy (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 35). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: renal artery, variation, polar artery, double renal artery, cadaver.
Sialendoscopy in treatment of obstructive sialadenitis.
Vavro M, Dvoranova B, Czako L … +1 more , Hirjak D
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218486 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Sialendoscopy is a relatively new mini-invasive method that allows direct visualisation and intervention in the salivary gland ductal system. The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of sialendoscopy...
OBJECTIVES: Sialendoscopy is a relatively new mini-invasive method that allows direct visualisation and intervention in the salivary gland ductal system. The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of sialendoscopy in the treatment of obstructive sialadenitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a 15-year retrospective study analysing the treatment results of patients treated in the period of 2007-2022 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia. RESULTS: The total number of performed sialendoscopies was 70, of which 44 (62.9 %) were performed on the submandibular gland and 26 (37.1 %) on the parotid gland; 46 procedures (65.7 %) were performed via natural ductal system opening without the need for surgical assistance while 24 sialendoscopies (34.3 %) required surgical assistance. The most frequent perioperative findings were the sialoliths (37) in quantities ranging from one to four. Non-calculi pathologies (23) included mucous plugs, strictures, plaque, erythema or foreign bodies. No pathology was found on 10 sialendoscopies. In 82 % (n = 55) of patients, sialendoscopy prevented the salivary gland from being excised. In 18 % (n = 12) of cases, sialendoscopy findings indicated that salivary gland excision was needed. CONCLUSION: The study acknowledges the significant benefit of sialendoscopy in the treatment of obstructive sialadenitis (Tab. 3, Fig. 6, Ref. 39). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: sialendoscopy, sialadenitis, duct obstruction, sialolith, minimally invasive surgery.
New trends in criteria indicative of neoadjuvant oncological therapy of lower and middle rectal cancers.
Kukucka M, Danihel L, Oravsky M … +7 more , Rajcok M, Bernadic M, Kovarova P, Cerny NBM, Novisedlakova M, Drahokoupilova M, Schnorrer M
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218485 · Publisher ↗
The indication for primary surgical resection or neoadjuvant therapy in lower and middle rectal cancers is often disputable. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of local recurrence of rectal cancer as for...
The indication for primary surgical resection or neoadjuvant therapy in lower and middle rectal cancers is often disputable. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of local recurrence of rectal cancer as for a period of at least 4 years after radical resection. The second aim was to evaluate and compare the results of preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) staging with definitive histology.From September 2013 to December 2017, we, at the 3rd Surgical Department Comenius University, Bratislava, prospectively evaluated patients with lower and middle rectal cancers with the distal tumor border being in a 12-cm distance from the anal verge. All patients underwent MR examination at the same MRI department and were operated on at the 3rd Surgical Department, Comenius University, Bratislava. Inclusion criteria included parameters based on MRI examination, i.e., T-staging of T1-T3b, negative extramural vascular infiltration (EMVI), negative circumferential margin (CRM), no mesorectal fascia infiltration with a distance of more than 2 mm. We did not take lymph node staging into account in the indication for primary surgical resection. We performed a radical primary resection procedure (R0 resection) in all patients. The group consisted of 87 patients, of whom 49 were men and 38 were women. The mean age of the patients was 66 years (min. 36 - max. 86 years). Our study also shows significant differences in preoperative T and N staging as compared to definitive histology. The incidence of local recurrence during a period of at least 4 years after surgery was 6.76 %. Study also shows that the indication for preoperative radiotherapy for lower and middle rectal cancers based on N status is inaccurate and leads to unnecessary indications for preoperative radiotherapy which may decrease the patients´ quality of life and increase the post‑operative complications. We have also shown that leaving out the N-based radiotherapy from indications does not lead to an increase in the number of local recurrences in lower and middle rectal cancers (Tab. 1, Fig. 5, Ref. 22). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: rectal cancer, neoadjuvant therapy, local recurrence.
Implications of diabetes in head and neck cancer - A single center real-world data.
Mirestean CC, Stan MC, Badulescu F
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218484 · Publisher ↗
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and altered glucose metabolism have been associated with carcinogenesis, but also with prognosis and tolerance to treatment in different types of cancer. Head and neck cancers (HNC), the sixth most...
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and altered glucose metabolism have been associated with carcinogenesis, but also with prognosis and tolerance to treatment in different types of cancer. Head and neck cancers (HNC), the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, require a multimodal approach, especially in advanced stages and cancer specific treatment is often associated with therapeutic failure and severe toxicities even if it is delivered according to current standards. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical, biological and outcomes implications of DM in patients with HNC. The cases diagnosed with HNC associated with DM between January 2008 and December 2016 were selected from the database of the oncology clinic and the oncology outpatient clinic of the Craiova County Hospital. Under the limits of a relatively reduced patient lot of 23 cases, certain particular aspects of these cases are highlighted possibly due to the association of DM with HNC. This category of patients should not be treated differently even if a precaution is necessary due to the increased risk of complications related to treatment. The use of Metformin could bring outcome benefit and the treatment of DM with insulin could be associated with a worst prognostic. The use of poly-chemotherapy regimens (platinum double or triple combination including platinum salts) demonstrates the feasibility of using chemotherapy for these subtypes of patients. A tendency to de-escalate the treatment by omitting radiotherapy for this category of patients should also be noted. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a less specific biomarker could be less useful than the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) which can be considered an accessible biomarker. A large percent of sinonasal cancers compared to the data reported in the literature could be also related to DM. Both this possible association and the benefit of Metformin and 5-Flurouracil must be reevaluated in studies in larger groups of patients (Ref. 25). Keywords: diabetes, head and neck cancers, metformin, toxicity, outcomes, chemotherapy.
The relationship between epicardial adipose tissue thickness and coronary artery disease progress.
Con E, Yilmaz A, Suygun H … +4 more , Mustu M, Karadeniz FO, Kilic O, Ozer FS
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218483 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The relationship between epicardial adipose tissue and inflammatory events has been shown in many studies. Because it is an inflammatory process in coronary progression, it is aimed to examine the relationshi...
BACKGROUND: The relationship between epicardial adipose tissue and inflammatory events has been shown in many studies. Because it is an inflammatory process in coronary progression, it is aimed to examine the relationship between coronary artery disease progression and epicardial adipose tissue thickness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our research was conducted with 50 patients (33 men, 17 women) who underwent planned or emergency coronary angiography, by evaluating the coronary artery disease progression from the coronary angiography images together with the echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue thickness measurement. Patients were examined in two groups according to their tissue thickness, 17 patients with less than 0.55 cm were defined as group 1 and 33 patients with ≥ 0.55 were determined as group 2. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of gender, diabetes, age, hypertension. In addition, a significant relationship was found with epicardial adipose tissue thickness (> 0.5 cm), ejection fraction and smoking in the group with coronary progression. Patients without stenotic changes were found to be statistically significantly lower p < 0.005. CONCLUSION: An independent relationship was found between epicardial adipose tissue and coronary artery progression. In the light of these findings, it can be concluded that epicardial adipose tissue residue is effective in the development of coronary artery stenosis and calcific-atherosclerotic changes in the coronary arteries. In the light of the information obtained, a positive correlation was determined between epicardial adipose tissue thickness and coronary artery disease (Tab. 3, Fig. 2, Ref. 15). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: coronary artery disease, epicardial adipose tissue, progression.
Measurement of epicardial fatty tissue thickness has a diagnostic value in lichen planus patients and is associated with fibrinogen to albumin ratio and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio.
Tosun V, Opan S, An I
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218482 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Lichen planus (LP) is one of the chronic inflammatory diseases. Epicardial fatty tissue (EFT) is the adipose tissue in which pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic hormones and cytokines are secreted. We planned...
OBJECTIVE: Lichen planus (LP) is one of the chronic inflammatory diseases. Epicardial fatty tissue (EFT) is the adipose tissue in which pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic hormones and cytokines are secreted. We planned to investigate the predictive value of EFT in LP patients by evaluating together with Fibrinogen to albumin ratio (FAR) other inflammation markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 53 consecutive LP patients and 57 healthy controls were enrolled in this single-center, prospective, case-control study. Demographic data were recorded; blood tests were obtained from both groups. Then, EFT thickness was measured by echocardiography. RESULTS: Fibrinogen, FAR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and EFT thickness were higher in LP patients (p < 0.05, for all). EFT was positively correlated with FAR (r = 0.306, p = 0.001), NLR (r = 0.240, p = 0.011), and PLR (r = 0.297, p = 0.002). ROC analysis indicated that FAR could predict LP with a sensitivity of 83 % and a specificity of 44 %; NLR could predict LP with a sensitivity of 80 % and a specificity of 46 %; EFT could predict LP with a sensitivity of 79 % and a specificity of 54 %. In the binary logistic regression analysis NLR, FAR, and EFT were found to be independent predictors of LP. CONCLUSION: We found a relationship between LP and FAR together with other inflammation parameters NLR, and PLR. We demonstrated for the first time that FAR, NLR and EFT were independent predictors of LP. Also, there was a significant relationship between these parameters and EFT (Tab. 4, Fig. 1, Ref. 30). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: lichen planus, epicardial fatty tissue, fibrinogen, albumin, neutrophil, lymphocyte.
Suicides and their preventive interventions possibilities: are there some relationships between mechanisms and different mental disorders?
Matlach R, Makovicka M, Miklosova M … +6 more , Makovicky P, Muri J, Rimarova K, Samasca G, Michalcova P, Makovicky P
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218481 · Publisher ↗
Suicides are one of the topics discussed around the world. This problem receives large space in scientific and professional literature, in order to eliminate its occurrence. Mechanisms of suicides are determined by whole...
Suicides are one of the topics discussed around the world. This problem receives large space in scientific and professional literature, in order to eliminate its occurrence. Mechanisms of suicides are determined by whole spectrum of reasons determined by/depending on physical and psychological health. The objective of this work is to document the differences in mechanisms and realization of suicides by mentally sick people. Ten cases of suicides are reported in the article: three of which in people with a history of depression of the victim noted by family members, one with treated depression, three with anxiety-depressive disorder and three schizophrenic patients cases. There are five men and five women. Four of these women overdosed themselves by medicaments and one jumped out of a window. Two men shot themselves, two hanged themselves and one jumped out of a window. Persons without anamnestically proven psychiatric diseases end their lives mostly because of inconclusive situation or as a result of balancing their whole life (usually with good plan and preparation of the act). Persons with treatment of depression or anxiety-depressive disorder kill themselves mostly after several "unsuccessful" attempts. In case of victims with schizophrenia suicides follow a hardly predictable sequence of actions which sometimes do not seem to have any logic. Differences have been found between victims with and without mental disorders in ways of realization of suicides. Psychological predispositions in mood changes, long-term sadness and threatening suicide should be recognized by family members. Prevention of suicides in cases of people with a history of mental disorders is based on medical treatment and cooperation between the client and family members and a psychiatrist (Ref. 30). Keywords: forensic medicine, mental disorders, prevention, psychiatry, risk factors, suicides.
MiR-126 and miR-146a as markers of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a pilot study.
Benko J, Sarlinova M, Mikusova V … +6 more , Bolek T, Pec MJ, Halasova E, Galajda P, Samos M, Mokan M
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218480 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Despite known risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), the research community still tries to discover new markers that would widen our diagnostic and therapeutic approach to diabetes. The...
INTRODUCTION: Despite known risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), the research community still tries to discover new markers that would widen our diagnostic and therapeutic approach to diabetes. Therefore, research on microRNA (miR) in diabetes thrives. This study aimed to assess the utility of miR-126, miR-146a, and miR-375 as novel diagnostic markers for T2D. METHODS: We examined relative quantities of miR-126, miR-146a, and miR-375 in the serum of patients with established type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 68) and compared these with a control group (n = 29). We also undertook a ROC analysis of significantly changed miR to examine their use as a diagnostic test. RESULTS: MiR-126 (p < 0.0001) and miR-146a (p = 0.0005) showed a statistically significant reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MiR-126 also proved to be an exceptional diagnostic test in our study cohort, with high sensitivity (91 %) and specificity (97 %). We did not find any difference in our study groups' relative quantities of miR-375. CONCLUSION: The study proved a statistically significant reduction of miR-126 and miR-146a in patients with T2D (Tab. 4, Fig. 6, Ref. 51). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: microRNA, epigenetics, genomics, type 2 diabetes mellitus, miR-126, miR-146a and miR-375.
Obesity, Charlson comorbidity index, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: relationship to disease severity.
Uzunlar EA, Yildiran H, Kokturk N … +2 more , Kilic H, Hasanoglu HC
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218479 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic inflammatory lung disease with high mortality and morbidity rates. Obesity, various comorbid diseases, and inflammation often coexist in chroni...
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic inflammatory lung disease with high mortality and morbidity rates. Obesity, various comorbid diseases, and inflammation often coexist in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exhibiting a complex interaction with disease severity. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between COPD markers and obesity, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR). METHODS: Eighty male patients with stable COPD admitted to the pulmonology unit were included in the study. The presence of comorbidities was investigated in obese and non-obese individuals with COPD. Pulmonary function tests and the mMRC dyspnea scale were examined, and CCI scores were calculated. RESULTS: 60.9 % with mild/moderate COPD, and 64.7 % with severe COPD had a comorbid disease. The incidence of hypertension and diabetes was significantly higher in obese patients. The obesity rate was 41.3 % in patients with mild/moderate COPD (FEV1 ≥ 50) and 26.5 % in those with severe COPD (FEV1 < 50). There was a positive and significant correlation between CCI value and BMI and mMRC dyspnea scale. NLR was significantly higher in patients with FEV1 < 50 and mMRC ≥ 2. CONCLUSIONS: As a result, it is essential to screen obese patients with COPD, who are among the groups with the highest incidence of comorbidities, in terms of such diseases that exacerbate the symptoms of their disease. Findings may support the potential applicability of simple blood count indices (such as NLR) in the clinical assessment of disease in stable COPD patients (Tab. 4, Fig. 1, Ref. 46).
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios as inflammation markers for early-onset schizophrenia.
Gercek HG, Citir BG, Bukulme A
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218478 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: The studies on the pathogenesis of schizophrenia reported data indicating that abnormal immune responses might play a role in the development of schizophrenia. One of the markers of systemic inflammation is th...
OBJECTIVE: The studies on the pathogenesis of schizophrenia reported data indicating that abnormal immune responses might play a role in the development of schizophrenia. One of the markers of systemic inflammation is the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). In our study, the relationship between the early-onset schizophrenia, NLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 30 patients and 57 healthy controls matched in age and gender. Hematological parameters and Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI) scores were obtained from the medical records of the patients. Hematological parameters in the patient group were compared to those in the healthy control groups. The relationship between inflammation markers and CGI scores was investigated in the patient group. RESULTS: NLR, and neutrophil and platelet counts were found to be higher in the patient group as compared to the control group. A positive correlation was found between NLR and CGI scores. CONCLUSION: The results of the study support the multisystem inflammatory process model related to schizophrenia, which was revealed in previous studies, also in children and adolescents in the patient group (Tab. 4, Ref. 36). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, inflammation, early‑onset schizophrenia.
The relationship between malnutrition and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in hospitalized older patient.
Avci GU, Kanat BB, Can G … +3 more , Erdincler DS, Doventas A, Yavuzer H
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218477 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Aging is characterized by appetite loss and cachexia, i.e., factors that contribute to malnutrition. An inflammation marker, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), is a significant prognostic predictor of many...
OBJECTIVES: Aging is characterized by appetite loss and cachexia, i.e., factors that contribute to malnutrition. An inflammation marker, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), is a significant prognostic predictor of many geriatric syndromes. We aim to determine the association between NLR and malnutrition. METHODS: We designed a retrospective study on hospitalized patients in the geriatric unit of a university hospital between January 2019 and January 2021. Demographic data, chronic diseases, history of smoking, length of hospital stay, number of drugs, laboratory and further examinations, and comprehensive geriatric assessment scores were recorded from the hospital data system. The nutritional status of the patients was evaluated using the mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 220 patients, 121 (55 %) were female, and the mean age was 77.9 ± 7.3 years. According to the MNA, 60 % (n = 132) were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. As many as 47.3 % (n = 104) of the patients had depressive symptoms, and 41.4 % (n = 91) were cognitively impaired. The mean age (79.3 ± 7.3), NLR, and GDS scores were significantly higher, and MMSE scores were significantly lower in malnourished patients or in those at risk of malnutrition as compared to patients with normal nutritional status. We showed that NLR (OR: 1.248; 95% CI: 1.066‒1.461; p = 0.006), age (OR: 1.056; 95% CI: 1.005‒1.109; p = 0.031), depressive symptoms (OR: 1.225; 95% CI: 1.096‒1.369; p 4.5, with a sensitivity of 37.9 %, specificity of 85.2 %, negative predictive value of 47.8 %, and positive predictive value of 79.4 %. CONCLUSION: NLR, age, depressive symptoms, and cognitive impairment were independently associated risk factors for malnutrition. NLR may be a useful nutritional marker for evaluating the nutritional status of hospitalized geriatric patients (Tab. 4, Fig. 1, Ref. 28). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: malnutrition, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, geriatric syndromes, inpatient, older adults.
Prenatal and postnatal peculiarities and consequences of intestinal loop patency disorder with expansive giant cystic abdominal mass in a preterm newborn.
Brucknerova I, Dobos D, Bibza J … +2 more , Babala J, Brucknerova J
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218476 · Publisher ↗
AIM: To analyse the findings in a newborn (36 gestational weeks, birth weight: 4,030 grams, birth length: 48 cm, Apgar score 7/8/8 points) with prenatal suspicion of intestinal obstruction at the duodenum/jejunum level....
AIM: To analyse the findings in a newborn (36 gestational weeks, birth weight: 4,030 grams, birth length: 48 cm, Apgar score 7/8/8 points) with prenatal suspicion of intestinal obstruction at the duodenum/jejunum level. The patient required urgent surgery on the first day of life. RESULTS: Examination of the abdominal cavity confirmed the presence of a cystic mass with a volume of approximately 800 ml, which was located at the site of jejunal atresia. As part of the surgical solution, the cystic formation and the atretic segment of the intestine were resected with subsequent end-to-end jejuno-jejunal anastomosis and Bishop‒Koop ileostomy. The histological examination of 3 samples collected confirmed the presence of mucous membrane and smooth muscle. CONCLUSION: The cyst anatomically communicated with the aboral section of the jejunum, but the lumen of the jejunum was functionally obturated by solid whitish masses. The histological examination confirmed the diagnostic features of a cyst of intestinal origin. The ileum and colon were patent throughout, but of smaller diameter, so a Bishop-Koop relieving anastomosis was indicated. The condition of the child at the age of 9 months was stabilised and surgical closure of the stoma was carried out (Tab. 1, Fig. 8, Ref. 21). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: newborn, jejunal atresia, intestinal cyst.
Predictive value of infliximab trough levels in maintenance therapy for 5-year sustained clinical remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Jalali Y, Gojdicova A, Sturdik I … +6 more , Toth J, Koller T, Huorka M, Jalali M, Payer J, Hlavaty T
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218475 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Despite long-term use of infliximab (IFX) in IBD treatment, its optimized use is unclear due to its complicated pharmacokinetics/dynamics. Hence, the predictive value of IFX trough levels (TL) is important in...
BACKGROUND: Despite long-term use of infliximab (IFX) in IBD treatment, its optimized use is unclear due to its complicated pharmacokinetics/dynamics. Hence, the predictive value of IFX trough levels (TL) is important in treatment management. METHODS: We performed a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study with 74 IBD patients treated with IFX (mean 9.1 years, SD ± 3). TL was measured during maintenance therapy, in which maintenance of remission was followed for 5 years. RESULTS: TL > 3 µg/ml during maintenance therapy was a significant predictor of clinical remission in 5 years in UC patients (82 % vs 62 %, p 3 µg/ml during maintenance therapy in a cohort of IBD patients (p = 0.05). Deviations in percentage of remission and fraction of relapses in TL categories were insignificant in a cohort of CD patients (85 % vs 74 %, p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TL > 3 µg/ml during maintenance therapy is a strong predictor of sustained clinical remission for 5 years in UC patients. The use of combination therapy with AZA, due to its significant association with high TL, may have a practical benefit in achieving better clinical outcomes in UC patients (Tab. 2, Fig. 10, Ref. 20).
Management of anastomotic leaks after oesophagectomy and gastric pull-up.
Siska D, Janik M, Laucek P … +7 more , Lucenic M, Tarabova K, Juhos P, Balaz R, Turcinova M, Gallikova Z, Benej R
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218474 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic and surgical intervention in treating anastomotic leaks after oesophagectomy. BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leak after oesophagectomy is a severe complication associated w...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic and surgical intervention in treating anastomotic leaks after oesophagectomy. BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leak after oesophagectomy is a severe complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to analyse our experience with the management of anastomotic leak after oesophagectomy. METHODS: A retrospective study evaluated the treatment outcome and duration of treatment in patients with anastomotic dehiscence or conduit necrosis after oesophagectomy from November 2008 to November 2021. RESULTS: The group consists of forty-seven patients. Twenty-one (44.7 %) patients had dehiscence of the neck anastomosis, twenty patients (42.6 %) had dehiscence of the chest anastomosis, and six (12.8 %) patients had conduit necrosis. Nineteen patients with dehiscence were primarily treated by endoscopic insertion of a self-expanding metal stent with perianastomotic drainage; the other patients were primarily treated surgically. Mortality associated with anastomosis dehiscence was 27.7 % (thirteen patients). Stent use in treatment was a statistically significant parameter regarding the length of hospital stay and mortality. CONCLUSION: Self-expanding metal stents can reduce leak-related morbidity and mortality after oesophagectomy and may be considered a cost-effective treatment alternative (Tab. 2, Fig. 2, Ref. 21).
Near infrared spectroscopy in monitoring of head and neck microvascular free flaps.
Czako L, Simko K, Sovis M … +4 more , Vidova I, Sufliarsky B, Odnoga P, Galis B
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2023 · PMID 37218473 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Microvascular free‑flap monitoring is crucial to the early detection of flap failure and increases the chance of early intervention in case of disruption of perfusion to a flap. Many clinical alternatives to...
OBJECTIVES: Microvascular free‑flap monitoring is crucial to the early detection of flap failure and increases the chance of early intervention in case of disruption of perfusion to a flap. Many clinical alternatives to classical clinical flap monitoring have been proposed, such as color duplex ultrasonography, handheld Doppler, flap thermometry, or implantable Doppler flowmetry. Early detection of critical changes in tissue oxygenation can lead to successful surgical intervention when problems with flap nutrition arise. METHODS: Our clinical study seeks to investigate dynamic monitoring of free flaps with near‑infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). NIRS is a non-invasive instrumental technique used for continuous monitoring of peripheral tissue oxygenation (StO2) and microcirculation. All patients were included prospectively from one clinical center. RESULTS: During the clinical research period, 18 patients underwent extraoral head and neck reconstruction with one of three types of free flap, namely with radial forearm free flap (RFFF), anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) or fibula free flap (FFF). Measurements of flap perfusion were taken using NIRS during intraoperative and postoperative phases for 71 hours on average. A total of 6 perfusion disorders were recorded, of which three originated from microanastomoses and three from postoperative bleeding and compression of pedicle. NIRS showed characteristic changes in all 6 cases that were returned to the operating theatre owing to pedicle compromise. In these cases, NIRS had detected the pedicle compromise before it was clinically identified. A single StO2 monitoring was able to detect the vascular compromise with 100% sensitivity and 95.65% specificity. None of the cases were falsely positive. In our study, all compromised flaps were accurately identified by means of NIRS. In most cases, the changes in oxygen saturation became evident on NIRS prior to being clinically observed. CONCLUSION: In our study, the continuous NIRS monitoring securely detected the early stages of arterial and venous thromboses or pedicle compression. The most important aspects of monitoring the flaps´ microvascular perfusion and vitality by means of NIRS lie in its function of recording the dynamics of changes in the values of absolute oxygen saturation (StO2> 50%) alongside with detecting a 30% decrease in tissue saturation over a 60‑minute interval (60 min StO2 >30%) before the clinical changes in the microvascular flap become observable. In cases of pedicle compression, the average time of appearance of signs of StO2 values dropping below the reference interval (as detected by NIRS) was 1:29:02 hour (SD= 0:58:42 h) prior to the occurrence of any clinical signs, while in cases of microvascular anastomosis complications, it was 0:35:23 hour (SD=0:08:30 h) (SD = 0:08:30 h) (Tab. 3, Fig. 7, Ref. 42).
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