Bratislavske Lekarske Listy[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Evaluation of functional status and quality of life of patients in the 1st and 6th months post-COVID in the light of radiological influence.
Avci I, Celik P, Kizilirmak D … +1 more , Havlucu Y
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989764 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the functional status and quality of life parameters of patients in the 1st and 6th months post-COVID and to determine contributing factors. BACKGROUND: The effects of COVID...
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the functional status and quality of life parameters of patients in the 1st and 6th months post-COVID and to determine contributing factors. BACKGROUND: The effects of COVID-19 can continue in the post-COVID period. The mostcommon post-COVID symptoms are weakness, fatigue, nonproductive cough and exertionaldyspnea. METHOD: The radiological findings of the patients at diagnosis, post-COVID 1st and 6th months; functional status and quality of life parameters at the 1st and 6th months of the post-COVID period were compared, and the factors affecting them were evaluated. The relationship between radiological involvement, quality of life and functional status parameters was investigated. RESULTS: Six months after the COVID infection, inpatient's resting oxygen saturation and effort capacity were comparable, even though they were significantly lower in the first month post-COVID. There was a correlation between functional and quality of life measures at 1 and 6 months after COVID-19 infection. In all patients, a significant improvement was found in the functional status and quality of life scales at 6 months after post-COVID infection compared to the 1st month. Even though radiological findings of both groups improved within the first month after COVID-19 infection, there remained a difference between them that disappeared after six months. CONCLUSION: It was found that in the post-COVID period, the severity of the disease had a negative effect on functional measurements and quality of life; however, regardless of the severity of the disease, after six months improvements in radiological findings, effort capacity, and quality of life measures were noted (Tab. 2, Fig. 5, Ref. 20). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: post-COVID, quality of life, functional measurements, chest x-ray.
Quality of life for androgen receptor targeted agents in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer.
Kuzma M, Nekvindova L, Kliment J
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989763 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (abiraterone) compared to enzalutamide in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). So...
BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (abiraterone) compared to enzalutamide in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). So, this study aimed to assess impact of abiraterone and enzalutamide on patients´ functioning in mCRPC real-world setting. METHODS: In this 12-month, prospective, observational study, 36 mCRPC patients from Slovakia were included. Patients were treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide according to routine practice. HRQoL was assessed at baseline and 3-/6-/9-/12-month visits using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT‑P) and European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaires. Changes from baseline and occurrence of deteriorations/improvements were compared using two-sample t-test/Mann-Whitney test and Pearson's chi-square/Fisher's exact test, respectively. Mixed-effects model for repeated measures was used to evaluate the difference between the two arms in mean changes of quality of life after 12 months. RESULTS: Frequency of clinically meaningful deterioration of quality of life assessed by FACT-P was similar for abiraterone and enzalutamide: 0%, 14.3%, 23.1%, 16.7% vs. 10%, 26.3%, 22.2%, 40% at 3-, 6-, 9- and 12 months of therapy (p=0.496, 0.670, 1.000 and 0.236, respectively). After 12 months of treatment, no statistically significant difference between the treatment arms was observed in estimated mean changes in FACT-P total scores (p=0.620) and its components, EQ-5D index (p=0.108), and EQ-5D visual analogue scale (p=0.324). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, abiraterone and enzalutamide had a comparable impact on quality of life in chemo-naive mCRPC in routine practice (Tab. 4, Fig. 4, Ref. 23). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: quality of life, abiraterone, enzalutamide, castration resistant prostate cancer.
Arterial hypertension after liver transplantation.
Skladany L, Adamcova Selcanova S, Liptak L … +1 more , Dedinska I
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989762 · Publisher ↗
One of the most prevalent influenceable risk factors for poor cardiovascular outcome is arterial hypertension.This is a prospective analysis of liver transplant recipients in which 24-hour blood pressure (BP) measurement...
One of the most prevalent influenceable risk factors for poor cardiovascular outcome is arterial hypertension.This is a prospective analysis of liver transplant recipients in which 24-hour blood pressure (BP) measurement was performed. The primary aim was to identify post-LT (liver transplantation) patients without a history of arterial hypertension who meet the criteria for arterial hypertension using 24-hour BP monitoring. Secondary objectives were to determine how many patients with known treated arterial hypertension had suboptimal BP control. The group included 88 patients (men, 52.3%, history of arterial hypertension group: n=56, no history of arterial hypertension group: n=32) with an average age at the time of measurement of 62.4 years±11. The average time since LT at the time of measurement was 45.2 months. De novo arterial hypertension using 24-hour BP monitoring was diagnosed in 28%. Hypertonic changes in the fundus oculi were confirmed as predictor for suboptimally controlled hypertension [OR 5,1265, p=0.0279]. On the other hand, male sex [OR 3.1840, p=0.0311], together with age [OR 1.3347, p=0.0153] and waist circumference [OR 4.3490, p=0.0418] predicted the need of intensification of antihypertensive treatment. Male sex, age and waist circumference should increase the index of suspicion and lead to zoom-in on a possibility of poorly controlled blood pressure. Where automated blood pressure monitoring is unavailable, regular examination of the fundus could serve as an available surrogate marker of suboptimally controlled arterial hypertension (Tab.6, Fig. 1, Ref. 36). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: liver transplantation, arterial hypertension, automated blood pressure monitoring.
Extremely rare complication in high-risk newborn on long-term parenteral nutrition and large stool losses through ileostomy.
Gogolova-Bujnova B, Brucknerova J, Brucknerova I
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989761 · Publisher ↗
AIM: To analyse postnatal characteristics, clinical and laboratory findings, results of investigations in the newborn (25 gestational weeks; Apgar score: 6/9 points; born per caesarean section; birth weight: 600 g; birth...
AIM: To analyse postnatal characteristics, clinical and laboratory findings, results of investigations in the newborn (25 gestational weeks; Apgar score: 6/9 points; born per caesarean section; birth weight: 600 g; birth length: 31 cm; head circumference: 21 cm) from the first high-risk pregnancy with acquired form of acrodermatitis enteropathica. RESULTS: After summarizing the clinical picture with laboratory findings, we analysed the components of parenteral nutrition with regard to the deficiency of trace elements and vitamins. The zinc depletion dominated. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis is clinical, based on the presence of a typical clinical picture together with a low serum zinc concentration. Standard preparations with elementary elements do not sufficiently cover the daily needs of children, other possibilities of supplementation in intravenous form are not available. It is necessary to supplement zinc in premature children, in children with high losses of zinc (with diarrhoea, in patients with a stoma, in patients with severe skin disease) (Fig. 4, Ref. 15).
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from matched related donors for acute myeloid leukemia.
Galffy B, Sopko L, Lukas J … +7 more , Martisova M, Ziakova B, Rohon P, Cingelova S, Mistrik M, Bojtarova E, Batorova A
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989760 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: In patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the priority treatment option as the most effective prevention of relapse. When an HLA-matche...
INTRODUCTION: In patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the priority treatment option as the most effective prevention of relapse. When an HLA-matched sibling is available, these transplants are preferred. OBJECTIVES: We stratificated patients according to risk, disease state (an active disease, the 1st or 2nd complete remission ‒ CR1, CR2, which was achieved after the 1st or 2nd induction) and type of graft (from brother or sister). Finally, the overall survival (OS) of patients in individual groups was evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The retrospective single-center study included 104 transplantations in 97 adult patients with AML who underwent HSCT from matched sibling donor in a period of 10 years between January 2011 and December 2020. RESULTS: 54 patients (55.7%) were alive as of the January 1, 2022. The median OS of the entire group, as well as the cohort with favorable (5y-OS 75.0%) and intermediate prognosis risk (5y‒OS 78.5%) was not reached. We found that patients, who required second induction therapy to achieve CR, had poorer OS after allogeneic HSCT, median 20.7 months (95% CI, 6.5-35.5) than those who achieved CR after first induction, median not reached (95% CI, 63.5‒63.5, p=0.0048). Statistically significant effect on OS shows transplantation in CR2 (HR 6.76, CI 95% 2.19‒20.80, p=0.0009), In addition, this parameter influenced OS more than achieving CR up to the 2nd induction course (HR 2.44, CI 95% 1.17‒5.11; p=0.0180) or entry to transplantation without CR (HR 2.81, CI 95% 1.09‒7.26; p=0.0326). CONCLUSION: The results presented in the work show the high efficiency of HSCT in each risk group. The number of induction therapies required to achieve CR is a good prognostic factor. The gender of a sibling has no impact on OS (Tab. 11, Fig. 7, Ref. 18). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: acute myeloid leukemia, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, overall survival, remission status, donor tender.
Risk factors for post-ERCP complications.
Roskovicova V, Katuchova J, Madarova N … +6 more , Lenart M, Kicka M, Gajdzik T, Knazovicky M, Veseliny E, Radonak J
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989759 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: In the 21st century, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has emerged as a diagnostic and therapeutic method for diseases of the pancreaticobiliary duct system. However, like any other diagno...
BACKGROUND: In the 21st century, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has emerged as a diagnostic and therapeutic method for diseases of the pancreaticobiliary duct system. However, like any other diagnostic and therapeutic method, ERCP carries the risk of unwanted complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively followed patients who underwent ERCP examinations from January 2013 to April 2023. We focused on early post-ERCP complications and their risk factors, prevention, treatment, and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 4,814 patients were recorded, of which 175 patients had early post-ERCP complications, including acute pancreatitis, acute cholangitis, perforation, and bleeding. We focused on the statistical significance of risk factors such as BMI, repeated ERCP, bleeding disorders, and repeated pancreatitis or cholangitis. CONCLUSION: Ensuring proper preparation and appropriate indication for ERCP examination can significantly mitigate the risk of post-ERCP complications. Additionally, early diagnosis and prompt treatment of any post-ERCP complications are essential strategies for reducing mortality associated with these conditions (Tab. 3, Fig. 3, Ref. 32). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: post-ERCP complication, risk factor, BMI, prevention.
Differential expression of various isoforms of superoxide dismutase in the cells of the human exocrine pancreas.
Vrzgula M, Mihalik J, Teslik J … +1 more , Hodorova I
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989758 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative damage. Our study aims to address the lack of papers simultaneously analyzing the immunoreactivity of all t...
OBJECTIVES: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative damage. Our study aims to address the lack of papers simultaneously analyzing the immunoreactivity of all three distinct isoforms of SOD in human exocrine pancreas cells. BACKGROUND: Superoxide dismutases (SODs) facilitate the conversion of superoxide radicals into less harmful substances. By neutralizing superoxide radicals, SODs help prevent the formation of highly reactive and destructive species that can adversely affect manifold cellular components. METHODS: The study analyzed immunoreactivity of SODs in samples of six healthy adult human pancreases, while using the indirect immunohistochemical method under a light microscope. RESULTS: SOD1 was predominantly found in centroacinar cells and epithelial cells of the duct system while SOD2 was mainly detected in the epithelial cells of interlobular ducts. Both enzymes were prominently present in the basal region of acinar cells near the cell nucleus. The expression of SOD3 was observed to be rare. CONCLUSION: Understanding the intracellular metabolism of SODs in healthy exocrine pancreas cells serves as a basis for determining the precise role of oxidative damage and SOD signaling in the pathogenesis of various pancreatic diseases, including chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer (Fig. 6, Ref. 24). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: antioxidants, histology, immunohistochemistry, pancreas, superoxide dismutase.
Evaluation of interferon gamma release assay to measure t-cell response in COVID-19 patients from intensive care units and inpatient departments.
Khairullah Sedeeq Z, Samadzade R, Turk Dagi H … +3 more , Bengi Celik J, Ural O, Findik D
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989757 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) is an in vitro blood test to measure interferon gamma (IFN-γ) released from antigen-specific T cells after stimulation with pathogen-specific peptides. In this study, it...
BACKGROUND: Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) is an in vitro blood test to measure interferon gamma (IFN-γ) released from antigen-specific T cells after stimulation with pathogen-specific peptides. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the T-cell response using IGRA and to compare various laboratory values in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) patients hospitalized either in hospital inpatient departments or in intensive care units. METHODS: A total of 100 patients (50+50) who were identified as positive for COVID-19 through the molecular method in Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine Infectious Diseases Service and Reanimation Intensive Care Unit were included in the study. IFN-γ levels in blood samples collected from patients were determined using the QuantiFERON Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) (QIAGEN, Germany) kit. The patients' gender, age, c-reactive protein (CRP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), interleukin (IL)-6, lymphocyte count, procalcitonin, and D-dimer results were obtained from the hospital automation system. RESULTS: Thirty-eight of the IGRA test results were negative, 44 were positive and 18 were inconclusive. The age of patients with negative IGRA test results was significantly higher (p<0.001) compared to patients with positive results. There were no significant differences between patients' IGRA test results and gender, prognosis, IL-6, lymphocyte counts, CRP, AST, and ALT values.Age, death rates, D-dimer, CRP, procalcitonin, AST and ALT values of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit were significantly higher (p<0.001) compared to the those hospitalized in the inpatient department, while conversely, the lymphocyte values were lower (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The relatively higher IGRA negative results in the elderly, negative and intermediate results in intensive-care patients, and low lymphocyte levels in intensive-care patients indicate that the cellular immune response is diminished and/or absent. The death rates, D-dimer, CRP, procalcitonin, AST and ALT values of the patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit were higher compared to those from the in-patient department, indicating the severity of inflammation and signaling the development of organ failure. In the light of these findings, we suggest that IGRA tests may serve as a guide in immunomodulatory therapy (Tab. 2, Fig. 2, Ref. 27). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: COVID-19, interferon gamma release assay test, T cell response.
Role of female reproductive hormones and genetics in temporomandibular joint disorders.
Kalmanova S, Halasa AI, Slobodnikova L … +5 more , Calkovsky B, Juricek R, Malachovsky I, Repiska V, Janickova M
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989756 · Publisher ↗
The disorders of temporomandibular joint manifest clinically with disruptions in its movement and facial pain. Women exhibit a three-fold higher propensity for developing temporomandibular joint disorders compared to men...
The disorders of temporomandibular joint manifest clinically with disruptions in its movement and facial pain. Women exhibit a three-fold higher propensity for developing temporomandibular joint disorders compared to men. There are several studies describing the effects of female reproductive hormones on temporomandibular joint structures and pain perception, shedding light on the genetic influence underlying these conditions. Several polymorphisms have been studied and documented in the literature, shedding light on the genetic background of temporomandibular joint disorders.This review aims to propose a novel approach to the complex diagnosis and treatment of this type of disorders. Specifically, we advocate for heightening the emphasis on young women diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorders during their reproductive years, as such manifestation could potentially serve as early indicators of other underlying health conditions linked to the reproductive system. We posit that genetic studies hold promise as a cornerstone for tailoring personalized treatment strategies for TMJD in the future (Tab. 1, Ref. 46). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: temporomandibular joint disorders, infertility, female reproductive hormones, genetic polymorphism.
Use of intraaortic balloon pump in cardiogenic shock patients.
Misun P, Sramko M, Kautzner J … +7 more , Kettner J, Zelizko M, Mares J, Bohm A, Kollarova M, Bezak B, Pazdernik M
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989755 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The relevance of the use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in cardiogenic shock (CS) has been discussed over the past years. The aim of this study is to describe a single-centre 10-year exper...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The relevance of the use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in cardiogenic shock (CS) has been discussed over the past years. The aim of this study is to describe a single-centre 10-year experience with IABP and analyse the risk factors for 30-day mortality. METHODS: The data for this single-centre, observational, retrospective study were drawn from records dated from January 2012 to May 2022 pertaining to patients presenting with CS, treated with IABP and hospitalised at the Department of Acute Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague. RESULTS: Among the patients included in the study, 87% patients presented with newly developed heart failure. The leading cause of CS was acute myocardial infarction accounting for 86% of cases. Hospital mortality was recorded at 39% and the 30-day mortality reached 43%. Upon multi-variable analysis, only the vasoactive inotropic score on day 5 emerged as a statistically significant predictor for 30-day mortality (p=0.0055). Cox regression analysis revealed that the presence of mechanical complications was the only variable identified as yielding a statistically significant impact on the 30-day survival (Log-rank p=0.014, HR 2.19, 95% CI: 1.15‒4.15). There was no statistically significant difference in the 30-day mortality across the SCAI classes. CONCLUSION: The main cause of CS was a newly developed acute heart failure secondary to acute myocardial infarction. Despite the implementation of mechanical circulatory support, both in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates remained high. Increased vasoactive inotropic score and presence of mechanical complications were identified as significant predictors the 30-day survival (Tab. 6, Fig. 1, Ref. 36). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: cardiogenic shock, IABP, risk factors, mortality, Czech Republic, AMICS.
Patients' perspectives on the use of artificial intelligence and robots in healthcare.
Esin H, Karaali C, Teker K … +5 more , Mergen H, Demir O, Aydogan S, Keskin MZ, Emiroglu M
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989754 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the opinions of individuals aged 18 and above in our country regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and robots in the field of healthcare. BACKGROUND: The growing population and...
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the opinions of individuals aged 18 and above in our country regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and robots in the field of healthcare. BACKGROUND: The growing population and patient load, coupled with increasing data, can expedite the diagnosis and treatment process for patients through faster, easier, and more accurate interpretation of information. METHODS: The study encompasses voluntary participants aged 18 and above, who have either undergone surgery in a hospital or have accompanied a family member during a surgical procedure and possess internet access as well as the capability to participate in online surveys. RESULTS: A total of 725 individuals participated in our study 61% (n=442) of respondents expressed trust in the operation of AI and robots in the hospital setting. 64.1% (n=465) of participants expressed trust in AI's contribution to disease diagnosis and laboratory tests. The confidence in AI's use in radiological examinations and its contribution reached 71.6% (n=519). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the use of AI and robots in healthcare services is accepted by our society and would be appropriate in our society (Tab. 5, Fig. 1, Ref. 24).
Vitamin D in blood serum and chronic pancreatitis.
Precechtelova M, Dite P, Buckova D … +4 more , Bojkova M, Kianicka B, Solil D, Dolina J
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989753 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: Patients with chronic pancreatitis are at risk of developing malabsorption and malnutrition. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is accompanied by decreased serum micronutrient levels and low vitamin D levels a...
UNLABELLED: Patients with chronic pancreatitis are at risk of developing malabsorption and malnutrition. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is accompanied by decreased serum micronutrient levels and low vitamin D levels are a frequent finding in up to 60-80% of patients. The aim of our prospective study was to investigate vitamin D in the blood serum of subjects with chronic pancreatitis with the possibility of influencing the reduced vitamin D levels with supplementation therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: Fifty patients with chronic pancreatitis and 20 subjects in the control group without gastrointestinal tract diseases, including pancreatic disease, were examined. The vitamin D level in blood serum was determined. The results were evaluated according to the age distribution of subjects with pancreatic disease and according to gender. Patients with low vitamin D levels were treated for 24 weeks with a dose of 1.500.000 IU of vitamin D3 per day, and then blood serum vitamin D levels were determined. RESULTS: In people with chronic pancreatitis, vitamin D levels were statistically significantly reduced compared to the control group. There was no statistically significant relationship of vitamin D with gender and age. Supplementation with vitamin D3 achieved an adjustment of vitamin D level to the level of the control group. CONCLUSION: Blood serum vitamin D levels are significantly reduced in people with chronic pancreatitis. Its correction by oral vitamin D supplementation was effective. Whether this adjustment of levels will be effective also in terms of e.g. beneficial effect on fibrogenesis will require further representative studies, because the limitation of the interpretation of the results of our study is the smaller number of subjects with chronic pancreatitis (Tab. 4, Ref. 29).
Mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) as a predictor of atrial fibrillation development after coronary artery bypass surgery.
Koseoglu C, Oncel CR, Dagasan G … +2 more , Coner A, Akkaya O
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989752 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To predict the possibility of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) with mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) measurement, which is a cheap, reproducible echocardiographic method and to monitor the...
OBJECTIVE: To predict the possibility of postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) with mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) measurement, which is a cheap, reproducible echocardiographic method and to monitor these patients more closely and to evaluate them more effectively postoperatively. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 247 patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass surgery were evaluated and 200 patients were included in the study.The enrolled patients were classified into the two groups according to the occurrence of postoperative AF or maintained sinus rhythm after coronary artery bypass surgery (normal sinus rhythm [NSR] group vs. AF group).The clinical and demographic data of all the patients were recorded on admission. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed prior to elective surgery. RESULTS: Postoperative new onset AF occurred in 37 (18.5%) patients. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis carried out after the formation of the model based on the parameters related to AF development, the relationships with white blood cell count, LAd and MAPSE were observed to be prevalent.When MAPSE, which is a parameter used to predict the development of postoperative atrial fibrillation, was compared in the ROC analysis, the area under the curve was found to be 0.831, 95% CI lower-95% CI upper (0.761-0.901) (p<0.001).The distinguishing MAPSE value in predicting postoperative atrial fibrillation development was found to be 11.6 (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 81%). CONCLUSIONS: We showed that MAPSE could play a role in determining postoperative atrial fibrillation development after coronary artery bypass surgery (Tab. 2, Fig. 2, Ref. 28).
Baseline capillaroscopy provides no evidence of microvascular changes to predict long-COVID syndrome.
Ulusoy BO, Babaoglu H, Aypak BAA … +4 more , Akinci E, Kucuksahin O, Erten AOS, Erden A
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989751 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Long-COVID refers to a variety of symptoms that continue for at least 4 weeks following the onset of acute COVID-19 infection. "Microclots/microvasculopathy" is a potential cutting-edge theory. Nailfold capil...
BACKGROUND: Long-COVID refers to a variety of symptoms that continue for at least 4 weeks following the onset of acute COVID-19 infection. "Microclots/microvasculopathy" is a potential cutting-edge theory. Nailfold capillaroscopy is a non-invasive method used to assess microvascularity. In this study, we aimed to compare baseline characteristics and capillaroscopic findings of patients with and without long-COVID syndrome. METHODS: Baseline clinical characteristics of 53 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were recorded. At the time of COVID-19 diagnosis, patients underwent nailfold capillaroscopy. One year later, patients were rescreened for long-COVID symptoms. Comparisons were made between patients with and without long-COVID syndrome in terms of their baseline characteristics and capillaroscopic findings. RESULTS: There were 35 individuals (66%) with long-COVID syndrome. The most common symptoms related to long-COVID were fatigue (43.4%), myalgia (34%), arthralgia (20.8%), dyspnea (20.8%). In total, 22 patients (41.5%) had abnormal capillaroscopy findings. Like other baseline characteristics, the proportion of patients with abnormal capillaroscopic findings (40% vs 44%, p=0.76) was similar between patients with and without long-COVID syndrome. CONCLUSION: Microvasculopathy and microthrombotic vascular damage are among the strongest hypotheses discussed in this regard. Our results may suggest that factors, rather than baseline microvasculopathy, may drive pathophysiological mechanism underlying the poorly understood long-COVID syndrome (Tab. 2, Ref. 35).
The ROX, shock and diastolic shock indexes in the prediction of mortality in COVID-19.
Ates S, Okumus M, Demirtas E … +2 more , Gunaydin YK, Guler S
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989750 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the role of Respiratory Rate Oxygenation (ROX), shock, and diastolic shock indexes in predicting mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients admitted to t...
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the role of Respiratory Rate Oxygenation (ROX), shock, and diastolic shock indexes in predicting mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients admitted to the emergency department. BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 spread worldwide in a short time and caused a major pandemic. The ROX, shock, and diastolic shock indexes are used in various life-threatening clinical situations. The use of these indexes in triage at emergency departments can accelerate the determination of COVID-19 patients' severity. METHODS: The ROX, shock and diastolic shock indices were calculated and recorded. Patients were divided into three groups; 1) who were discharged from the hospital, 2) who were admitted to the hospital and 3) who were admitted to the intensive care unit. RESULTS: Increased diastolic shock index and decreased ROX index were found to be independent risk factors for mortality. In the prediction of mortality, the sensitivity and specificity of the diastolic shock index were 61.2% and 60.8%, respectively. However, the sensitivity and specificity of ROX index was 73.1% and 71.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we found that the ROX index had higher sensitivity and specificity than other indexes in predicting mortality in the evaluation of COVID-19 patients (Tab. 3, Fig. 2, Ref. 18).
Latest advancements in the development of new therapies for type 1 diabetes.
Alzhanuly B, Sharipov K
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989749 · Publisher ↗
This study aims to explore new treatments for type 1 diabetes that could serve as an alternative or adjunct to insulin therapy. This is a literature review based on a search of relevant scientific articles in PubMed, Sco...
This study aims to explore new treatments for type 1 diabetes that could serve as an alternative or adjunct to insulin therapy. This is a literature review based on a search of relevant scientific articles in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases. The scrutiny of publications revealed that the introduction of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists into insulin therapy can improve disease control and reduce the frequency of hypoglycaemic episodes. While immune therapy is pathogenetically justified, its utility is limited in patients with recent onset of type 1 diabetes. It may, however, find application in prophylaxis in individuals at increased risk of developing this type of diabetes. Concurrently, stem cell therapy is under active investigation in clinical trials and has shown promise in reducing insulin dependence, improving β-cell function and controlling glucose levels. In addition, stem cells have demonstrated efficacy in treating complications of diabetes such as diabetic nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy and diabetic angiopathy. There is compelling evidence supporting the significant potential of gene-editing technology. Intravenous administration of T-regulatory cells, as one method of cell therapy, shows potential in stabilising the course of diabetes and slowing its progression. However, further research is warranted to confirm efficacy. While gene therapy holds promise, much of its research is currently in the preclinical stage. Further development of innovative therapies for type 1 diabetes has the potential to enhance the quality of life of patients, improve disease control and prevent the development of complications (Fig. 1, Ref. 54). Keywords: diabetes type 1, treatment, cell therapy, insulin, pancreatic β-cells.
Predictive value of immature granulocyte percentage and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio in terms of prognosis in the course of acute pancreatitis.
Aydin G, Akdogan RA, Rakici H … +1 more , Akdogan E
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989748 · Publisher ↗
AIM: We aimed to investigate the role and importance of immature granulocyte percentage and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in the etiology, diagnosis and follow-up of acute pancreatitis (AP) in patients tentatively diagnose...
AIM: We aimed to investigate the role and importance of immature granulocyte percentage and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in the etiology, diagnosis and follow-up of acute pancreatitis (AP) in patients tentatively diagnosed with AP in the emergency department. We evaluated these factors alongside other established markers proven effective in the diagnosis and follow-up of AP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 139 patients with a tentative diagnosis of acute pancreatitis who were hospitalized and followed up in the gastroenterology clinic in 2021‒2022 were included in the study. In addition, a control group, consisting of 139 individuals admitted to the clinic for various other reasons, was established. The cases were also compared with the control group in terms of NLR, ICG and IG%. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the NLR, IGC and IG% measurements between the patients in the AP group and the control group. In all three markers, the average values of the patient group were higher than those of the control group. Furthermore, a significant difference in IGC and IG% blood measurements was noted between sub-groups of patients categorized based on the severity of acute pancreatitis, particularly the patients with severe pancreatitis exhibited higher mean IGC and IG% blood measurements compared to those with mild or moderate pancreatitis. CONCLUSION: IGC and IG% values emerged as superior indicators to other acute-phase reactants for detecting inflammation, determining its severity, and establishing prognosis in acute pancreatitis. While the N/L ratio remains an important parameter in acute pancreatitis, our findings indicate that it was not significantly superior to other investigated markers in terms of prognosis (Tab. 5, Ref. 35).
Evaluation of systemic immune inflammation index and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression.
Canli D
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989747 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Numerous studies consistently report on the frequent presence of low-grade systemic inflammation in individuals with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), and depression. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)...
OBJECTIVES: Numerous studies consistently report on the frequent presence of low-grade systemic inflammation in individuals with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), and depression. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and a recently established marker, systemic immune inflammation index (SII), are markers used to assess systemic inflammation and immune response. In this study, NLR and SII index values were examined and compared across patients diagnosed with major psychiatric disorders and healthy controls. METHODS: The study included, totaling 129 patients, encompassed individuals who were diagnosed with schizophrenia in remission or BD in the euthymic period, and those undergoing treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). The control group consisted of 62 healthy individuals. White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, and monocyte counts obtained retrospectively from complete blood profiles served as the basis for calculating NLR and SII values. RESULTS: In this study, higher WBC, neutrophil counts, NLR, and SII values were observed in schizophrenia and BD patients compared to the control group. In patients with MDD, no significant difference was found in terms of inflammatory blood cell markers compared to healthy controls. Higher NLR and Sİİ values were found in patients with schizophrenia and BD compared to patients with MDD. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that the significant difference in NLR and SII values persists after treatment in patients with schizophrenia and BD, and that the abnormal inflammatory response continues during the treatment process (Tab. 2, Ref. 41).
Adaptive post-COVID-19 immune response in female subjects of the Russian arctic region.
Shchegoleva LS, Kabbani MS, Shashkova EY … +4 more , Filippova OE, Popovskaya EV, Sergeeva TB, Morozova OS
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989746 · Publisher ↗
The Arctic region's unfavorable living conditions adversely affect the spread of infectious diseases, including COVID-19, This, in turn, can also lead to increased morbidity and mortality rates in the area due to a numbe...
The Arctic region's unfavorable living conditions adversely affect the spread of infectious diseases, including COVID-19, This, in turn, can also lead to increased morbidity and mortality rates in the area due to a number of factors such as climate, environment, and high prevalence rate of pre-existing health issues like diabetes, obesity, and respiratory infections. These circumstances adversely affect maintaining the level of working capability. The aim of this paper is to investigate the ratio of immunocompetent cells involved in the adaptive post-COVID-19 immune response. The research includes an immunological assessment of 29 women aged 20-40 years residing in Arkhangelsk, Russia, six months after recovering from COVID-19. The count of leukocytes in the peripheral blood and their differential were evaluated using standard methods to assess the immunological status. To delve deeper into the immunological landscape, phenotypes of lymphocytes (CD5+, CD8+, CD10+, and CD95+) were evaluated using an indirect immunoperoxidase reaction with monoclonal antibodies on dried drop lymphocyte preparations. After incubating blood with latex molecules, the activity and quantity of phagocytes were assessed using a light microscope. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was found to be inverted in the female subjects under investigation. The high concentration of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD8+) and lymphocytes with apoptotic receptors (CD95+) suggests a potential correlation with a concurrent reduction in the expression of the total T-cell marker (CD5+) across all cases. This association was further linked to a decrease in lymphoproliferative activity and a relative decline in phagocytic activity. These findings led us to posit that the total recovery time after COVID-19 might extend beyond six months, indicative of a prolonged impact on the body's protective capacity. Our observations prompt the hypothesis that cellular immunity plays a crucial role in determining the severity of COVID-19 infection. Specifically, individuals with initially robust phagocytic activity may be predisposed to experiencing a milder form of the infection. However, this assumption warrants further investigation and clarification in individuals with moderate and severe disease progression (Tab. 1, Ref. 17). Keywords: arctic, COVID-19, cytotoxic t-lymphocytes, apoptosis, lymphoproliferation, cellular immunity, phagocytic activity.
The prognostic effect of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and De Ritis ratio in glioblastoma multiforme patients.
Uzum Y, Salman T, Oflazoglu U … +6 more , Yildiz Y, Varol U, Aysin M, Kucukzeybek Y, Alacacioglu A, Tarhan MO
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38989745 · Publisher ↗
AIMS: Individuals with a higher De Ritis ratio (aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have an inferior survival in varied malignancies. To our knowledge, the prognostic pot...
AIMS: Individuals with a higher De Ritis ratio (aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have an inferior survival in varied malignancies. To our knowledge, the prognostic potential of the De Ritis ratio and NLR to predict the survival in nonmetastatic glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the prognostic power of the De Ritis ratio and NLR in patients with nonmetastatic glioblastoma multiforme. METHODS: Data of 262 patients with glioblastoma multiforme have been retrospectively analyzed. Their age, gender, tumor characteristics, AST/ALT ratio, NLR and hemogram values, including age at diagnosis and date of diagnosis were recorded. RESULTS: The median survival time of the study group was 21 months (95% CI: 19‒23 months). The first-year and second-year survival rates were 73.0% and 40.5%, respectively. The univariate analysis revealed that the correlation of survival with age, gender, left/right location of tumor, mean platelet volume and De Ritis ratio did not reach the level of significance. The univariate analysis of the prognostic potential of NLR indicated that a 1-unit increase in NLR value translates to a 1.05 times higher risk of death (95% CI: 1.01‒1.09). CONCLUSION: The results of this study lead to the observation that NLR value can serve as an effective prognostic marker in predicting the outcomes of patients with glioblastoma multiforme. It can be positioned as an easily accessible and cost-effective biomarker for establishing appropriate therapeutic strategies (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 20).
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