Bratislavske Lekarske Listy[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
An optimized framework for prediagnosis of diabetic retinopathy using HHO-CBL model.
Addanki S, Sumathi D
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38385547 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a widespread intense stage of diabetes mellitus that causes vision-effecting anomalies in the retina. It is a medical health condition on the strength of fluctuating glucose level...
BACKGROUND: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a widespread intense stage of diabetes mellitus that causes vision-effecting anomalies in the retina. It is a medical health condition on the strength of fluctuating glucose level in the blood that can result in vision loss in case of severity. OBJECTIVE: As a result, early detection and treatment with DR is the most significant task which will tremendously reduce the likelihood of vision impairment and is still a difficult challenge. Many conventional methods fail to detect primary causes of formation of Microaneurysms, that are used to determine the Prediagnosis of DR. METHOD: To overcome this challenge, the proposed model incorporates Harris Hawk Optimization with CNN-Bi-LSTM (HHO-CBL) to extract the features. The Prediagnosis of DR has been achieved through this model by spotting saccular dilations, hyaline like material in the capillary aneurysm wall, kinking of vessels since these are the indications for the creation of microaneurysms that are spotted in the blood vessel of the retina. The recommended model is also used to automatically detect DR and its progression in many phases. Furthermore, in order to identify the severity of DR retina, we used a benchmark Kaggle APTOS dataset to train the HHO-CBL model. RESULTS: Experimental results reveal that this model obtains the best classification accuracy of 96.4 % for an early diagnosis and 98.8 % for a five-degree classification. In addition to those results, a comparison with previously carried out studies has also shown that this model provides a promising solution for a successful Prediagnosis of DR and its staging. CONCLUSIONS: In the current research, an innovative HHO-CBL was developed for identifying the primary causes that lead to the formation of microaneurysms and diagnosing all five grades of DR. According to the acquired results presented through the evaluation performance metrics indicates that the pre-early diagnosis and five grade classification using feature embedding technique outperformed the other prevailing approaches (Tab. 4, Fig. 10, Ref. 31).
COVID-19 virus and clinical outcome on the newborns at the Neonatal Department of Intensive Medicine in Bratislava, Slovakia.
Brucknerova I, Bento WC, Wasike D … +1 more , Brucknerova J
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38385546 · Publisher ↗
AIM: The aim of this study was to analyse the group of newborns who were admitted at Neonatal Department of Intensive Medicine in Bratislava Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava and National Institute of...
AIM: The aim of this study was to analyse the group of newborns who were admitted at Neonatal Department of Intensive Medicine in Bratislava Faculty of Medicine Comenius University in Bratislava and National Institute of Children´s Diseases in the period from 08.01.2021 until 07.07.2023 who were affected by the COVID-19 virus from mother before birth, from staff or in family or were only in contact with COVID-19 positive person. RESULTS: Most common symptoms in newborns within our findings included fever, upper respiratory symptoms, and diarrhoea. Detailed analysis of prenatal and postnatal characteristics, clinical findings are presented in tables 1-3. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on the pregnant women as well as on prenatal and postnatal development of the child. Our results reveal that the severity of symptoms in COVID-19 infected newborns from our sample was low. It is important to implement adequate neonatal practices for early detection of illnesses, especially in relation to COVID-19 which will subsequently allow early intervention and reduce neonatal mortality. Future challenges for all countries include the implementation of higher hygiene standards, prevention of spreading, more sensitive tests to use in the first day of life (Tab. 3, Ref. 36).
Postoperative complications associated with anterior cervical discectomy and three years follow-up.
Katuch V, Banoci J, Magocova V … +4 more , Cmorej M, Katuchova J, Efthymiou K, Roskovicova V
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38385545 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) is used in the surgical treatment of cervical degenerative disc disease (DDD). Besides the low incidence of postoperative complications, they can affect the postoperative...
INTRODUCTION: Anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) is used in the surgical treatment of cervical degenerative disc disease (DDD). Besides the low incidence of postoperative complications, they can affect the postoperative course for patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 2015 to December 2019, 789 cervical DDD patients with ACD were investigated. This study aims to identify the risk factors for postoperative complications and evaluate the quality of life for ACD patients using the Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI). RESULTS: Among the 789 cervical patients, postoperative complications were identified in 88 patients. In analyzing independently risk factors for postoperative complications, we don't record the male gender, age, number of treated segments, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension with significant risk. A BMI higher than 23.5, a longer surgery of more than 82.5 min, and blood loss of more than 95 ml were found as independent risk factors for postoperative complications. The three-year follow-up quality of life was evaluated in 565 because of the loss of 224 patients. We found improved quality of life in the whole group of patients. Moreover, we have not confirmed significant differences in groups of patients, with and without postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: The result of our study documented a low incidence of postoperative complications after ACD. We identified high BMI level, increased blood loss, and prolonged operation time as independent risk factors for the increased incidence of postoperative complications. Moreover, we demonstrated that postoperative complications do not significantly influence the patient's quality of life (Tab. 5, Ref. 32).
Risk of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after splenectomy.
Bollova D, Reptova A, Valkovicova T … +2 more , Gazdikova K, Simkova I
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38385544 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the clinical study was to evaluate the risk of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) after splenectomy and to analyze some biochemical and coagulation parameters. BACKGROUND: CT...
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the clinical study was to evaluate the risk of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) after splenectomy and to analyze some biochemical and coagulation parameters. BACKGROUND: CTEPH caused by incomplete resolution of thromboemboli and irreversible remodeling of the pulmonary arteries is a progressive, and without treatment a fatal disease. Although the definite etiopathophysiology is not quite perfectly researched, numerous clinical conditions associated with CTEPH as history of pulmonary embolism, infected ventriculoatrial shunts or permanent intravascular devices, high-dose thyroid hormone replacement, malignancy and chronic inflammatory diseases, including osteomyelitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, are well accepted. These factors also include splenectomy. METHODS: We performed a prospective follow-up of patients after splenectomy in the period of 5 years (2017-2022). The study population consisted of 62 adult post-splenectomy patients, who were divided into 3 groups based on the cause of the splenectomy - trauma, haematologic diseases, and others. The study population was analyzed in terms of gender, age, cause of splenectomy, blood group, clinical risk factors and thrombophilic conditions. Some basic haemocoagulation parameters and selected coagulation and biochemical parameters were analyzed. All patients underwent screening echocardiography, symptomatic patients repeatedly. In the presence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) unexplained by other diseases, patients underwent ventilation/perfusion lung scan performed to confirm/exclude perfusion defects typical for CTEPH. If PH and perfusion defects persisted despite effective 3-month anticoagulation therapy, patients underwent right heart catheterization to confirm/exclude CTEPH. RESULTS: The study confirmed a higher incidence of CTEPH after splenectomy compared to published data, the 5-year cumulative incidence was 3.2 %. Other detected clinical risk factors did not affect the incidence of thromboembolism/CTEPH after splenectomy. In our study, the strongest factor in terms of the incidence of thromboembolism/CTEPH after splenectomy was the presence of a thrombophilia detected before the screening echocardiography. Tested haemocoagulation and biochemical parameters in small patient subgroup had no impact on the incidence of thromboembolism/CTEPH - however, the limiting factor was a small patient subgroup. CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that the incidence of thromboembolism after splenectomy was consistent with the present data, but the incidence of CTEPH after splenectomy was significantly higher. This suggests that post-splenectomy condition may be an independent risk factor for CTEPH and may imply different management of these patients in the future (Tab. 5, Ref. 18).
Pancreatic stiffness and anthropometric parameters in healthy volunteers.
Nosakova L, Uhrik P, Pindura M … +5 more , Vojtko M, Hoferica J, Cmarkova K, Miklusica J, Banovcin P
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38385543 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to define the values of percutaneous ultrasound shear-wave and strain elastography of the pancreas in healthy volunteers. METHODS: This is a single-center prospective study conducted on...
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to define the values of percutaneous ultrasound shear-wave and strain elastography of the pancreas in healthy volunteers. METHODS: This is a single-center prospective study conducted on volunteers who underwent examination of percutaneous point shear‑wave elastography and strain elastography. Both the shear-wave speed (Vs) and strain histogram were measured 3 times and median values were evaluated. Relevant recorded clinical data were age, sex, and height. RESULTS: From May 2020 to October 2021 a total of 90 patients (21 male, 69 female) were included in the study. Their average age was 26 years (from 22 to 65). The average SWM in kPa was 6.07 (2.58-17.29). The average value of SE was 134.44 (78.51-184.35). Most of the patients had BMI in the range of normal weight with an average value of 22.75 (17.5-28). The average depth of the localization of the pancreas was 4.5 cm. The effect of BMI on the strain histogram was significant (p < 0.05). We found a significant relationship between the strain histogram and the depth of localization of the pancreas (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: We described normal values for pancreatic stiffness using ultrasound elastography by 2D-SWE and strain elastography. Our results indicate changes in values depending on BMI and depth of the pancreas. (Tab. 1, Fig. 5, Ref. 19).
Characterization of HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance mutations in Slovakia: update 2017-2018.
Habekova M, Stanekova DV, Takacova M … +1 more , Kovarova A
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38385542 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to provide an overview on the HIV-1 subtypes circulating in Slovakia between 2017 and 2018 and to evaluate the risk of transmission of HIV‑resistant strains. BACKGROUND: The HIV epidemic in S...
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to provide an overview on the HIV-1 subtypes circulating in Slovakia between 2017 and 2018 and to evaluate the risk of transmission of HIV‑resistant strains. BACKGROUND: The HIV epidemic in Slovakia is characterised by low incidence of new and pre-existing infections and a slightly elevated level of strain heterogeneity. METHODS: Partial HIV pol gene sequences of 110 individuals newly diagnosed with HIV between 2017 and 2018 were analysed. RESULTS: The genotypic analysis revealed sporadic occurrence of mutations linked to HIV resistance to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The HIV-1 B subtype has been found as predominant (84.55 %) and primarily linked to men who have sex with men (MSM). A total of eighteen individuals (15.45 %) were found to be infected with HIV-1 non-B subtypes. CONCLUSION: The data suggest a minimal risk of a resistant HIV strain transmission and a marginal rise of HIV-1 subtypes´ diversity. The HIV-1 B subtype remains the most prevalent in the period 2017-2018 in Slovakia (Tab. 2, Fig. 2, Ref. 37).
CT quantification of COVID-19 pneumonia extent to predict individualized outcome.
Berecova Z, Juskanic D, Hazlinger M … +4 more , Uhnak M, Janega P, Rudnay M, Hatala R
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38385541 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to predict individual COVID-19 patient prognosis at hospital admission using artificial intelligence (AI)-based quantification of computed tomography (CT) pulmonary involvement. BACKGROUND:...
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to predict individual COVID-19 patient prognosis at hospital admission using artificial intelligence (AI)-based quantification of computed tomography (CT) pulmonary involvement. BACKGROUND: Assessing patient prognosis in COVID-19 pneumonia is crucial for patient management and hospital and ICU organization. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 559 patients with PCR-verified COVID-19 pneumonia referred to the hospital for a severe disease course. We correlated the CT extent of pulmonary involvement with patient outcome. We also attempted to define cut-off values of pulmonary involvement for predicting different outcomes. RESULTS: CT-based disease extent quantification is an independent predictor of patient morbidity and mortality, with the prognosis being impacted also by age and cardiovascular comorbidities. With the use of explored cut-off values, we divided patients into three groups based on their extent of disease: (1) less than 28 % (sensitivity 65.4 %; specificity 89.1 %), (2) ranging from 28 % (31 %) to 47 % (sensitivity 87.1 %; specificity 62.7 %), and (3) above 47 % (sensitivity 87.1 %; specificity, 62.7 %), representing low risk, risk for oxygen therapy and invasive pulmonary ventilation, and risk of death, respectively. CONCLUSION: CT quantification of pulmonary involvement using AI-based software helps predict COVID-19 patient outcomes (Tab. 4, Fig. 4, Ref. 38).
Pulmonary sequestration in adulthood: clinical-morphological study.
Muri J, Makovicky P, Kamarad V … +3 more , Durcova B, Vecanova J, Hvizdosova N
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38385540 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate pulmonary sequestration (PS). We report on location, blood supply, histology, clinical manifestation, and surgical treatment of PS, as well as on postoperative course in p...
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate pulmonary sequestration (PS). We report on location, blood supply, histology, clinical manifestation, and surgical treatment of PS, as well as on postoperative course in patients with PS. BACKGROUND: PS is a rare congenital defect of the lower respiratory tract, it represents locus minoris resistentiae of the body. Occasionally, PS is diagnosed for the first time in adulthood. METHODS: We evaluated 7 cases of PS treated at the Centre of Thoracic Surgery in Vyšné Hágy, Slovakia, between years 2013 and 2020. RESULTS: Four of our seven patients were asymptomatic; the PS was found incidentally upon chest imaging. Three patients had recurrent bronchopneumonia related specifically to the intralobar type of sequestration. The most significant complication, observed in a singular patient, was a life-threatening episode of haemoptysis, requiring urgent surgical intervention. In the other 6 cases, the sequestra were surgically resected during the period when they were asymptomatic. and their sputum was confirmed negative upon microbiological examination. Anatomical resection of the affected pulmonary lobe by thoracotomy was the most common type of operation performed (4 cases, n = 7). There was no surgical mortality. CONCLUSION: To prevent complications, it is crucial to perform surgical treatment for pulmonary sequestration in patients who have sufficient functional capacity (Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Ref. 30). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: pulmonary sequestration, anatomic lobectomy, haemoptysis.
Robotic stereotactic radiosurgery with CyberKnife - brain metastases and fibrinolysis.
Popov V, Graklanov V, Stoencheva S … +1 more , Grudeva-Popova Z
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38385539 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Deviations in haemostasis are found in about 50 % of patients with cancer and up to 90% of those with metastatic disease. Many studies investigate the dynamics of the processes of coagulation and fibrinolysis...
OBJECTIVES: Deviations in haemostasis are found in about 50 % of patients with cancer and up to 90% of those with metastatic disease. Many studies investigate the dynamics of the processes of coagulation and fibrinolysis and their role as a predictor of therapeutic response, early relapse, or metastasis risk. BACKGROUND: To investigate the serum levels of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in patients with brain metastases treated with robotic stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with CyberKnife. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Serum levels of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) were measured in 66 patients with solid tumours, divided into two groups, with oligometastatic disease and brain metastases. In this prospective longitudinal study, the serum levels of uPA were measured before starting the therapy and at the first, third, and sixth months after patients were irradiated with the CyberKnife system. RESULTS: Analysis of serum uPA levels in the post-treatment period showed a statistically significant decrease between the baseline and the 6 months post-treatment time point in both patient groups. The baseline value of serum uPA in the group with lung cancer decreased by 62.7 %, and in the group with other types of cancer - by 60 %. Despite the significant reduction of serum uPA levels 6 months after the treatment, the levels remained significantly higher in both groups than in healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Ongoing research on uPA and cancer will enrich our knowledge and expand the possibilities for clinical utilization of the marker in the oncology setting (Tab. 2, Ref. 18).
A novel marker for prediabetic conditions: Uric acid-to-HDL cholesterol ratio.
Balci SB, Atak BM, Duman T … +2 more , Ozkul FN, Aktas G
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38385538 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to identify a parameter that can facilitate the diagnosis of prediabetes and predict the likelihood of its development in individuals at high risk. METHODS: In this retrospecti...
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to identify a parameter that can facilitate the diagnosis of prediabetes and predict the likelihood of its development in individuals at high risk. METHODS: In this retrospective study, the study population was selected from Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital's patients. Participants were divided into two groups, prediabetes and healthy group. We excluded individuals with certain conditions or taking certain medications. The study compared the ratios of uric acid to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) between the two groups and identified the optimal point of differentiation. RESULTS: The study analyzed data from 228 individuals, including 125 with prediabetes and 103 healthy controls. Those with prediabetes had a significantly higher median UHR (0.13 (0.07-0.24) %) compared to healthy individuals (0.09 (0.05-0.16) %) (p < 0.001). Higher UHR values were associated with a greater risk of prediabetes. A UHR cut-off points greater than 0.11 % had a sensitivity of 74 % and specificity of 69 % in detecting prediabetes. CONCLUSION: The study provides evidence that UHR can serve as a practical and valuable diagnostic and screening tool for prediabetes (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 23). Text in PDF www.elis.sk Keywords: serum uric acid, HDL cholesterol, UHR, prediabetes.
The low birth weights of newborns conceived using assisted reproduction technology.
Waldaufova E, Stastna A, Fait T
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38219069 · Publisher ↗
Couples are increasingly using assisted reproduction technology (ART) to facilitate having children. This raises the question of whether using ART leads to the same health outcomes as spontaneous conception.One of the ma...
Couples are increasingly using assisted reproduction technology (ART) to facilitate having children. This raises the question of whether using ART leads to the same health outcomes as spontaneous conception.One of the major health outcome factors concerns the weight of the newborn. Many foreign studies have proved that newborns conceived via ART evince lower birth weights than newborns that were conceived spontaneously. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the risk of low birth weight differs according to the ART method selected (in-vitro fertilisation with fresh embryo transfer, frozen embryo transfer, oocyte receipt), and which of these methods is associated with the lowest risk of a low birth weight. Anonymised individual data on all deliveries that took place in Czechia between 2013 and 2018 was used for the analysis. The dataset was obtained from the National Registry of Reproduction Health (administered by IHIS CR).The binary logistic regression revealed that concerning many of the covariates controlled, women who underwent IVF had a higher risk (30 %) of giving birth to a child with a low birth weight than women who received frozen embryo transfer treatment (CI 1.15-1.48). Women who underwent oocyte receipt treatment were found to have an even higher (52 %, CI 1.17-1.97) risk than women who received frozen embryo transfer. This study supports existing international knowledge of the specifics of the health outcomes of women who use ART (Tab. 1, Fig. 3, Ref. 32). Keywords: Low birth weight, assisted reproduction technology, in-vitro fertilisation, frozen embryo transfer, oocyte receipt.
Oral health of schoolchildren before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Egic B, Berce V
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38219068 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic reduced access to medical services and led to an increase in complications and exacerbation of many diseases that occurred during and after the pandemic, including deterioration in oral...
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic reduced access to medical services and led to an increase in complications and exacerbation of many diseases that occurred during and after the pandemic, including deterioration in oral health. One of the main oral health indicators is the index of the number of decayed, extracted, and filled primary teeth (deft) or decayed, extracted, and filled permanent teeth (DEFT). The aim of this study was to determine whether restricted access to dental services during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a deterioration in oral health among schoolchildren. METHOD: Data of oral systematic examinations before (school year: 2018-2019) and after (school year: 2021-2022) the pandemic were used for the study. Systematic oral examinations were conducted for all primary school students from the first to ninth grades at Murska Sobota Public Health Center, and the number of decayed, filled, and extracted (due to caries) primary and permanent teeth were recorded for each student. The deft and DEFT index values before and after the pandemic were calculated and compared for students in first (age range: six to seven years) to fifth (age range: 10-11 years) grades and students in fifth to ninth (age range 14-15 years) grades, respectively. RESULTS: We found that the median deft index of the whole population before the pandemic was 3, whereas it was 2 afterwards (p < 0.01). For students in the first and second grades, the median deft index was 3 before the pandemic and 2 afterwards (p = 0.01), and for students in the third grade, it was 4 before the pandemic and 2 afterwards (p < 0.01). The median DEFT index of the whole population was 1 before the pandemic and 0 afterwards (p < 0.01). For students in the seventh, eighth and ninth grades, the median DEFT index values were 1, 2 and 2, respectively, before the pandemic and 0, 0 and 1, respectively, afterwards (p < 0.01 for seventh and eighth grades and p = 0.02 for ninth grade). CONCLUSION: The results of our study showed a lower deft/DEFT index after the pandemic, which could be explained by increased health and hygiene awareness during the pandemic, as children/parents were mostly responsible for maintaining good oral health. Limited access to dental services does not necessarily imply poor oral health (Tab. 1, Ref. 25).
Can atypical response in endothelial dysfunction-related genes and microRNAs arise from low hydrogen peroxide exposure?
Urhan-Kucuk M, Terzi MY
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38219067 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Vascular endothelium is a tissue in which several vasoactive substances are produced and secreted. Reactive oxygen species can cause endothelial dysfunction (ED). miRNAs can be implicated in the oxidative stre...
OBJECTIVE: Vascular endothelium is a tissue in which several vasoactive substances are produced and secreted. Reactive oxygen species can cause endothelial dysfunction (ED). miRNAs can be implicated in the oxidative stress-related ED during vascular disease pathogeneses. Our aim is to investigate effect of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on expression levels of genes and miRNAs that are key players in ED. METHODS: H2O2 effect on cell viability of human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) at 24-hour was measured with MTT. Low sub-cytotoxic H2O2 concentrations (25, 50 µM) were selected to analyze their oxidative stress-inducing capacities with MDA assay and their effects on EDN1, NOS3, VCAM1, SERPINE1, miR21, miR22, miR126, and miR146a levels with RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Each tested H2O2 concentration reduced HUVEC cell viability. Fifty µM H2O2 augmented cellular MDA levels. Intriguingly, EDN1, VCAM1, and SERPINE1 and all analyzed miRNAs' levels attenuated upon H2O2 treatment whereas there was no change in NOS3 levels compared to control. There was a positive correlation between miR-21 and VCAM1. CONCLUSION: Rather than individual alterations in analyzed parameters, consistent changes in our findings i.e., parallel decreases in EDN1, VCAM1, SERPINE1 mRNA levels as well as miRNAs, suggests that H2O2 concentration-dependent modulation of expression patterns can bring about various impacts on ED (Tab. 1, Fig. 5, Ref. 63).
Binary fire hawks optimizer with deep learning driven non-invasive diabetes detection and classification.
Periasamy NR
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38219066 · Publisher ↗
Non-invasive diabetes detection refers to the utilization and development of technologies and methods that can monitor and diagnose diabetes without requiring invasive procedures, namely invasive glucose monitoring or bl...
Non-invasive diabetes detection refers to the utilization and development of technologies and methods that can monitor and diagnose diabetes without requiring invasive procedures, namely invasive glucose monitoring or blood sampling. The objective is to provide a more convenient and less burdensome approach to screening and management of diabetes. It is noteworthy that while non-invasive method offers promising avenues for diabetes detection, they frequently require validation through clinical studies and might have limitation in terms of reliability and accuracy than classical invasive approaches. In recent times, deep learning (DL) and feature selection (FS) are used to monitor and diagnose diabetes accurately without requiring invasive procedures. This technique combines the FS method with the DL algorithm for making accurate predictions and extracting relevant features from non-invasive data. This article introduces a new Binary Fire Hawks Optimizer with Deep Learning-Driven Non-Invasive Diabetes Detection and Classification (BFHODL-NIDDC) technique. The major intention of the BFHODL-NIDDC technique focuses on the involvement of non-invasive procedures for the detection of diabetes. In the BFHODL-NIDDC technique, data preprocessing is initially performed to preprocess the input data. Next, the BFHO algorithm chooses an optimal subset of features and improves the classifier results. For the identification of diabetes, multichannel convolutional bidirectional long short-term memory (MC-BLSTM) model is used. At last, the beetle antenna search (BAS) algorithm is used for the hyperparameter selection of the MC-BLSTM method which in turn enhances the detection performance of the MC-BLSTM model. A series of simulations were conducted on the diabetes dataset to assess the diabetes detection performance of the BFHODL-NIDDC technique. The experimental outcomes illustrated better performance of the BFHODL-NIDDC method over other recent approaches in terms of different metrics (Tab. 4, Fig. 9, Ref. 23). Keywords: diabetes, non-invasive detection, binary fire hawks optimizer, deep learning, hyperparameter tuning.
Risk factors of cognitive impairment in elderly people in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Tukinova A, Shalgumbayeva G, Mussabekova Z
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38219065 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To study the risk factors of cognitive impairment in elderly people in the Republic of Kazakhstan. METHODS: Study design - cross - sectional. 385 elderly people randomly selected from all over Kazakhstan took...
OBJECTIVE: To study the risk factors of cognitive impairment in elderly people in the Republic of Kazakhstan. METHODS: Study design - cross - sectional. 385 elderly people randomly selected from all over Kazakhstan took part in the survey. The questionnaire for the elderly included socio-demographic data and a small test that determines the absence or the risk of developing cognitive impairment. RESULTS: Incomplete secondary education increases the risk of developing CI 4.92 times, secondary education 1.24, secondary special education 2.25 times compared to higher education. The absence of work at this time increases the risk of cognitive impairment compared to those who continue to work 2.24 times, being retired 0.42 times. Smoking increases the risk of developing CI compared to those who do not smoke 2.51 times, smoking history 0.86 times. Alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing CI compared to those who do not drink alcohol 1.62 times, other (on holidays) 0.31 times . CONCLUSION: Prevention of dementia does not exist today, but it is possible to reduce the risk of its development. Risk factors increase the chances of getting sick but also serve as guidelines that can be influenced (Tab. 3, Ref. 17).
Expression analysis of vitamin D receptor-associated long noncoding RNAs in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Naiini MR, Saeidi K, Azarian A … +2 more , Bahramzadeh K, Nazari-Robati M
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38219064 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is a neuroactive steroid that carries out its biological functions through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The VDR gene interacts with certain long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). The present study is aimed...
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D is a neuroactive steroid that carries out its biological functions through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The VDR gene interacts with certain long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). The present study is aimed at evaluating the expression levels of the VDR gene as well as those of HOTAIR, H19, MALAT1, and P21 lncRNAs in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS: This research was conducted on 38 RRMS patients and 38 healthy individuals. The expression levels of VDR and selected lncRNAs in peripheral blood as well as those of vitamin D in the plasma were measured. RESULTS: The results revealed a significant increase in the expression of lncRNA H19 in the RRMS group compared to the control group. The analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for H19 gene expression demonstrated a diagnostic value of 0.699 (95% CI: 0.575-0.823). Positive correlations were detected between VDR and lncRNA HOTAIR (r = 0.446, p = 0.008), H19 (r = 0.351, p = 0.042), MALAT1 (r = 0.464, p = 0.006), and P21 (r = 0.512, p = 0.002) in MS patients. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that lncRNA H19 could serve as a potential biomarker for MS diagnosis (Tab. 4, Fig. 1, Ref. 34).
Clinical utility of biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Mohammed AF, Chen X, Li C
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38219063 · Publisher ↗
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common forms of cancer significantly affecting the mortality and morbidity rates. The increasing incidence of HCC is a great concern across the globe. The current methods...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common forms of cancer significantly affecting the mortality and morbidity rates. The increasing incidence of HCC is a great concern across the globe. The current methods of HCC screening, detection and diagnosis depend mainly on imaging techniques. However, biomarkers represent a relatively easy and noninvasive way to detect and estimate the disease prognosis. New potential biomarkers such as α-fetoprotein (AFP), des‑γ‑carboxyprothrombin (DCP), α-fetoprotein L3 (AFP-L3), glypican 3 (GCP3), micro-RNA, and Golgi-protein 73 (GP73) are being used more often in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. The lack of prudent diagnostic measures makes early detection of HCC nearly impossible. The use of biomarkers to detect cancer has helped to screen for the disease. However, the most commonly used biomarkers for HCC have inadequate performance characteristics. Despite numerous efforts to identify molecules as potential biomarkers, there is no single ideal marker for HCC. In this paper the main biomarkers for the surveillance, diagnosis and prognosis of HCC are reviewed. The advantages and limitations of these biomarkers are summarized, and the future development directions are proposed (Tab. 1, Ref. 30). Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, biomarkers, AFP, DCP, diagnosis.
Navigating the complexities of developing a classification of esophagogastric junction tumors suitable for preoperative setting.
Lochman P
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38219062 · Publisher ↗
Despite the worldwide decrease in the incidence of gastric cancer, the proportion of occurrence of carcinomas of the esophagogastric junction and proximal third of stomach is on the rise. The cause of this development is...
Despite the worldwide decrease in the incidence of gastric cancer, the proportion of occurrence of carcinomas of the esophagogastric junction and proximal third of stomach is on the rise. The cause of this development is believed to lie in an increasing incidence of reflux esophagitis with Barrett´s metaplasia and successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. The aim of this work is to present various views on the definition of the esophagogastric junction itself and to give an overview of tumor classification schemes being used (Fig. 2, Ref. 54). Keywords: gastric cancer, esophagogastric junction, definition, classification.
Correlation of toxoplasmosis with small‑for‑gestational‑age newborns.
Hurt K, Kodym P, Stejskal D … +3 more , Cihar M, Rakovic J, Zikan M
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38219061 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women could lead to significant changes during the pregnancy, affect the outcomes of pregnancy and the timing of labour. Small‑for‑gestational‑age (SGA) newborns are de...
BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women could lead to significant changes during the pregnancy, affect the outcomes of pregnancy and the timing of labour. Small‑for‑gestational‑age (SGA) newborns are defined by birthweight below the 10th percentile for gestational age. We tested an association between latent toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and deliveries of SGA babies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For testing, we included 1,647 women who gave birth to a singleton baby at ≥ 37 weeks of gestation. The complement-fixation test (CFT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests for IgG and IgM were used. The latent form of toxoplasmosis was defined as a CFT titre of 1:8 or higher, together with index positivity IgG ELISA > 1.1 and negative IgM. RESULTS: There were 406 (24.7 %) women positive, and 1,241 (75.3 %) women negative for latent toxoplasmosis. Of all deliveries. 190 were SGA‑positive and 1,457 were SGA‑negative. Our study found a statistically significant association between latent toxoplasmosis and SGA foetuses born at term. The Pearson chi-square model was statistically significant (χ2(1) = 7.365, p = .007). The odds ratio was 1.567. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with latent toxoplasmosis giving birth at ≥ 37 weeks of gestation have a 1.567 times higher risk of delivering an SGA baby (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 30).
Short-term autophagy inhibition by autophinib or SAR405 does not alter the effect of cisplatin on ATP production in prostate cancer cells.
Kratochvilova M, Stepka P, Raudenska M … +8 more , Balvan J, Richtera L, Cernei N, Skopalova DS, Zitka O, Filipensky P, Babula P, Masarik M
Bratisl Lek Listy · 2024 · PMID 38219060 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Cisplatin is a widely used anticancer drug for the treatment of many solid cancers. DNA damage is thought to be the key mechanism of cisplatin's anticancer activity. However, cisplatin may also affect cellula...
OBJECTIVES: Cisplatin is a widely used anticancer drug for the treatment of many solid cancers. DNA damage is thought to be the key mechanism of cisplatin's anticancer activity. However, cisplatin may also affect cellular metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cisplatin on the types of ATP production (OXPHOS versus glycolysis) and their rate in prostate cancer cells and to determine the potentially protective effect of autophagy and amino acids during cisplatin treatment. We also wanted to investigate the potential synergy between the metabolic effects of cisplatin on ATP production and the inhibition of autophagy. METHODS: Cisplatin treatment can significantly affect the metabolism of cancer cells. Important metabolic pathways can be altered, leading to changes in energy production and nutrient utilization. Autophagy and amino acid pool modulations can serve as protective mechanisms significantly affecting tumor cell survival under metabolic stress caused by anticancer treatment. By enabling the recycling of amino acids, autophagy helps cancer cells maintain cellular homeostasis and overcome nutrient limitations. Thus, inhibition of autophagy could have a supportive effect on the metabolic effects of cisplatin. RESULTS: After cisplatin treatment, ATP production by way of OXPHOS was significantly decreased in 22Rv1 and PC-3 cells. On the other hand, ATP production by glycolysis was not significantly affected in 22Rv1 cells. DU145 cells with dysfunctional autophagy were the most sensitive to cisplatin treatment and showed the lowest ATP production. However, short-term autophagy inhibition (24h) by autophinib or SAR405 in 22Rv1 and PC-3 cells did not alter the effect of cisplatin on ATP production. Levels of some amino acids (arginine, methionine) significantly affected the fitness of cancer cells. CONCLUSION: Persistent defects of autophagy can affect the metabolic sensitivity of cancer cells due to interference with arginine metabolism. Amino acids contained in the culture medium had an impact on the overall effect of cisplatin (Fig. 3, Ref. 38).
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe