Biopolymers[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Central Composite Design Based Optimization of Carbohydrate Coated Albumin Nanoparticles for HCC: Synthesis, Extensive Characterization and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Evaluation.
Batheja S, Sahoo RK, Rani S … +7 more , Gupta S, Tejavath KK, Sinha S, Ajazuddin, Yadav AK, Goyal AK, Gupta U
Biopolymers · 2025 Jul · PMID 40439523 · Publisher ↗
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one serious cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Poor bioavailability and non-specific targeting of drugs is a challenge. Gemcitabine (GEM) is broad-spectrum anticancer drug for...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one serious cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Poor bioavailability and non-specific targeting of drugs is a challenge. Gemcitabine (GEM) is broad-spectrum anticancer drug for liver and other cancers. In this study, an attempt to formulate drug-loaded galactosylated albumin-based nanoparticles (GEM-LA-BSA NPs) was made to increase the bioavailability and targetability of hydrophilic drugs. The formulation was optimized using central composite design for further evaluation and developed a pilot-scale approach for commercialization. LA-BSA conjugate was synthesized, characterized, and formulated into a nanoformulation. The particle size of the optimal formulation was 40.19 ± 7.98 nm with reduced drug release (57.78% ± 4.10%) in 48 h and aggregates-like structure by HR-TEM. In vitro studies in HepG2 cells indicated better cytotoxicity of GEM-LA-BSA NPs than GEM (IC values 226.42 ± 11.32 and 366.03 ± 11.93 μg/mL, respectively), while in vivo studies in SD rats exhibited almost two-fold bioavailability, better pharmacokinetics, and reduced IC50 portraying immense potential as an effective drug delivery system.
A Mechanistic Understanding of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Responsive Bio-Polymeric Nanoparticles: Current State, Challenges and Future Toward Precision Therapeutics.
Pandey V, Pandey T
Biopolymers · 2025 May · PMID 40370134 · Publisher ↗
Inflammation is a hallmark of various pathological conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial mediators in the i...
Inflammation is a hallmark of various pathological conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial mediators in the inflammatory microenvironment, playing a pivotal role in both normal cellular processes and disease progression. Targeting ROS overproduction in inflamed tissues has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) responsive to ROS levels in pathological tissues have gained substantial attention as precision drug delivery systems, capable of ensuring controlled, site-specific drug release. This review provides a comprehensive mechanistic insight into ROS-responsive polymeric nanoparticles, examining their structural design, functionalization strategies, drug release mechanisms, and potential for targeted therapies in inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, we discuss recent advancements, challenges, and future directions in utilizing ROS-responsive polymeric nanoparticles for precision therapeutics, highlighting their transformative potential in clinical applications.
Studies on Gelatin-Keratin-Chitosan Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles Based Bionanocomposite Films With Improved Antimicrobial and UV-Blocking Properties.
Banu SPN, Rajendrakumar K
Biopolymers · 2025 May · PMID 40341646 · Publisher ↗
This study investigates the properties of a biocomposite film made from gelatin and sustainably sourced keratin incorporating chitosan-functionalized silver nanoparticles. Varied concentrations of chitosan solution (i.e....
This study investigates the properties of a biocomposite film made from gelatin and sustainably sourced keratin incorporating chitosan-functionalized silver nanoparticles. Varied concentrations of chitosan solution (i.e., 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1% w/v) were used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, and their particle size, distribution, and antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated against foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Rhizopus stolonifer, and Aspergillus niger). The addition of keratin enhanced the film's tensile strength to 16.64 MPa, a 403% increase compared to the gelatin film. However, incorporating 2% chitosan functionalized silver nanoparticles reduced the tensile strength to 9.07 MPa compared to the Gelatin-Keratin film. The distribution of nanoparticles and the interaction between the polymer chains were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The composite films also exhibited significant UV blocking efficiency, achieving 99% blockage of ultraviolet A and 100% blockage of ultraviolet B. The biocompatibility of the films was tested with MG63 cell lines, showing that silver nanoparticle concentrations (0.3%-2%) improved cell viability to 87% after 96 h of incubation. These findings reveal that the bionanocomposite films exhibit strong antibacterial and antifungal properties, along with excellent biocompatibility, making them ideal materials for wound healing and tissue engineering applications.
Highly Compatible Nanocomposite-Based Bacterial Cellulose Doped With Dopamine and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: Study the Effect of Mode of Addition, Characterization, Antibacterial, and Wound Healing Efficiencies.
Abdelhaq FEZM, Hasanin MS, Abdel-Monem MO … +3 more , Abd El-Razek NM, Dacrory S, Dawwam GE
Biopolymers · 2025 May · PMID 40326494 · Publisher ↗
Microbial resistance is an expenditure for a country's economy as a whole as well as its health systems. Metal oxide nanoparticles play a role in overcoming microbial resistance to antibiotics. Bacterial cellulose (BC) i...
Microbial resistance is an expenditure for a country's economy as a whole as well as its health systems. Metal oxide nanoparticles play a role in overcoming microbial resistance to antibiotics. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer that is friendly to the environment and has a wide range of economic uses, particularly in biomedicine. This work deals with the formulation of BC-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiONPs) and polydopamine (DOP), which are presented with antimicrobial activity. Additionally, the mode of addition of the doped materials was studied using physicochemical analysis, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, the topographical study used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). The antimicrobial activity was studied and showed the efficiency of the BC/DOP/TiONP composite against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli) strains. Additionally, the wound healing was examined on rats that had been purposely wounded. The results observed that the mode of addition contributed to the molecular structure of the formulated BC-doped samples according to the physicochemical and topographical analysis. Moreover, the BC/DOP/TiONP composite enhanced wound healing for about 95% closure by Day 14 compared to 50% in the control group. Based on the results, we can suggest BC/DOP/TiONP as an excellent candidate for wound dressings.
Hydrogel Based on Cellulose and Mangosteen Rind Extract With Antibacterial Activity: Preparation and Characterization.
Nguyen HT, Nguyen TT, Do HT … +4 more , Bui LVK, Nguyen TA, Nguyen HT, Tran TT
Biopolymers · 2025 May · PMID 40320943 · Publisher ↗
In this study, an efficient method to prepare antibacterial hydrogel from natural resources was carried out. The extraction of mangosteen rind was made. Silver nanoparticle was introduced to the hydrogel through the redu...
In this study, an efficient method to prepare antibacterial hydrogel from natural resources was carried out. The extraction of mangosteen rind was made. Silver nanoparticle was introduced to the hydrogel through the reduction of AgNO with the mangosteen rind extract. Hydrogels were prepared through graft-copolymerization of acrylic acid on cellulose in the presence of ammonium persulfate as initiator, followed by crosslinking with N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide. The characterization of components, structure, and properties of the rind extract and the hydrogels was carried out. The solvent mixture of water:ethanol 1:2 (v/v) was the most suitable solvent for the extraction of mangosteen rind. The silver nanoparticle was found to form a strong interaction with the composition of the hydrogel, which resulted in the improvement of the thermal property and the sterilization of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. When the silver content was 9.7 ± 0.2 wt%, the hydrogel achieved the highest thermal property and antibacterial activity.
Influence of Produced Water and Light Irradiation on the Composition of Exopolysaccharide Produced by L. amnigena Evaluated by Raman Spectroscopy.
da Silva APLT, Soares LGP, Gulberg LD … +5 more , Crugeira PJL, de Almeida PF, Fernandes AU, Silveira L, Pinheiro ALB
Biopolymers · 2025 May · PMID 40304202 · Full text
This study aimed to compare the changes in the composition of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Lelliottia amnigena in culture medium containing distilled water (DW) and dialyzed produced water (DPW) irradiated by...
This study aimed to compare the changes in the composition of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Lelliottia amnigena in culture medium containing distilled water (DW) and dialyzed produced water (DPW) irradiated by either Laser (λ660 nm, 8.0 J/cm) or LED (λ630 nm, 12.0 J/cm) during bacterial growth using Raman spectroscopy at 1064 nm. The cultures of L. amnigena were irradiated at 9- and 12-h, and the EPS obtained from different production protocols were analyzed dehydrated. Raman spectra showed peaks assigned to saccharides from EPS polymer, and principal component analysis revealed differences in the composition of the EPS produced depending on the water used in production and the light source used for irradiation. Remarkably, the presence of acyl groups (acetyl and pyruvyl) in the mannose residues at the group DW and mannose without evidence of acetyl in the irradiated groups; the irradiated groups also presented evidence of carboxylate (succinyl).
Production and Characterization of Plant Extract-Based Cell-Friendly and High Mechanical Strength Nanofiber Wound Dressings by Electrospinning Technique.
Sivri C, Sakarya G
Biopolymers · 2025 May · PMID 40304199 · Publisher ↗
This study focused on the development of wound dressings. Plant active ingredients such as clover, chickweed, chamomile, garlic, liverwort, bitter melon, pine resin, marigold (Calendula officinalis), and St. John's Wort...
This study focused on the development of wound dressings. Plant active ingredients such as clover, chickweed, chamomile, garlic, liverwort, bitter melon, pine resin, marigold (Calendula officinalis), and St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) were reinforced with polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymers, and nanofiber membranes were produced by electrospinning. As a result of the analyses, FTIR confirmed the presence of polymer and active ingredient functional groups in the composite membranes; softening and shifting were observed in the peaks. In the FEGSEM analysis, a thin and regular nanofiber structure was obtained in the S12 membrane in the range of 150-500 nm. In the tensile test, the tensile strength of the S12 sample was measured as 25.89 MPa, and this strength was associated with the homogeneous distribution and thinning of the fibers. In the mesenchymal stem cell analysis, cell viability was determined as 98%, and cell death was determined as 2% for the S12 membrane at the end of 72 h. The results show that the S12 composite membrane can be used as a biomaterial with ideal properties in wound healing applications.
Effect of Plasma and Ultrasound as Inclusion Complex Formation Method on the Functional Properties of Starch-Based Active Edible Coating.
Flores-Silva PC, García-González EA, Soler A … +4 more , Avila-Reyes SV, Hernández-Hernández E, Hernández-Gámez JF, Sifuentes-Nieves I
Biopolymers · 2025 May · PMID 40293329 · Publisher ↗
One way to contribute to sustainable food systems is to develop ecological processes to prepare ingredients that deliver bioactive compounds. In this study, we used cold plasma (CP) and ultrasound (US) as alternative met...
One way to contribute to sustainable food systems is to develop ecological processes to prepare ingredients that deliver bioactive compounds. In this study, we used cold plasma (CP) and ultrasound (US) as alternative methods to produce inclusion complexes (ICs) of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with orange and clove essential oils. Further, the performance of starch-based active edible coatings containing ICs on perishable foods like mushrooms was assessed. CP and US treatments allowed the essential oil molecules to enter the hydrophobic cavity of the β-CD, leading to rhomboidal particles and clusters. The addition of ICs decreases the amount of moisture in starch-based active edible coatings, promoting high barrier property against water vapor (from 3.5 E-05 to 2.18 E-05 g/m s Pa) and low moisture content in their monolayer (Xm) (from 4.40 to 10.124 g water/100 g.d.s) since the hydrophobic components (terpenes and phenolics) of essential oil decreased the number of active sites to bind water molecules. These coatings reduce the weight loss of mushrooms (from 72% to 53%) under storage conditions. Further investigation through life cycle assessment and eco-efficiency analysis will be useful in determining whether cold plasma and ultrasound are green technologies for obtaining cost-effective ICs for coating production. The results could be of interest to those who are looking to develop ICs by CP and US to enhance edible coatings functionality for the food packaging field.
Deciphering the Mechanism of Action of a Short, Synthetic Designer AMP Against Gram-Negative Bacteria.
Shadangi S, Singh A, Rana S
Biopolymers · 2025 May · PMID 40231443 · Publisher ↗
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), produced in various organisms, including plants, as a first line of defense, are potent, functionally versatile, fast-acting small peptides with a net charge and diverse structures. Most AM...
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), produced in various organisms, including plants, as a first line of defense, are potent, functionally versatile, fast-acting small peptides with a net charge and diverse structures. Most AMPs demonstrate potent antibacterial activity, and AMPs with multimodal actions can potentially delay the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one of the top 10 global public health challenges categorized by the WHO. Notably, the FDA has already approved several AMPs (Mol. Wt. ≤ 2 kDa) as antibiotics; however, there are not enough new-age antibiotics in the current pipeline to combat the looming problem of AMR in the clinic. Nevertheless, despite their potential, natural AMPs have their fair share of shortcomings for straightforward therapeutic applications. Therefore, extensive research on developing designer synthetic AMPs with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity is currently being undertaken to mitigate the AMR challenge. In this context, we recently demonstrated a short synthetic designer AMP (SR17: ≤ 16 aa, mol. Wt. ≤ 2 kDa) that exhibits broad-spectrum bacteriostatic and bactericidal action against both gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Interestingly, in gram-negative bacteria, the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play a key role in transporting nutrients like iron from their surroundings through siderophores, which play a crucial role in various biochemical processes essential for their survival and growth. In the current study, the ability of SR17 to target the iron-transporting OMPs acting as the siderophore uptake system is investigated through computational techniques. A series of docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies involving iron transporters of various gram-negative bacteria indicate that SR17 can occupy the binding pocket in the OMPs necessary for binding of the iron-chelated siderophores, which is likely to prevent the further uptake of siderophores, affecting the growth and survival of the bacteria. Additionally, SR17 may potentially reach the bacterial cytoplasm by utilizing the siderophore uptake system and disrupt essential cytoplasmic processes, leading to the death of the bacteria, as observed in experimental studies.
A Controlled-Release Biofertilizer Using Composite of Poly (Urea-Formaldehyde), Date Seeds and Sulfate of Potash-Magnesia (2MgSO·KSO) as All-Biodegradable With Antimicrobial Potentials.
El-Gharabawy HM, Abdel-Razik HH, Gaafar MM
Biopolymers · 2025 May · PMID 40231400 · Publisher ↗
Based on the combination of poly (urea-formaldehyde) (UF), Sulfate of Potash-Magnesia (Sul-Po-Mag) fertilizer (2MgSO·KSO), and Date Kernel Seed (DS), a novel slow-release fertilizer in the form of granules called UF/DS/S...
Based on the combination of poly (urea-formaldehyde) (UF), Sulfate of Potash-Magnesia (Sul-Po-Mag) fertilizer (2MgSO·KSO), and Date Kernel Seed (DS), a novel slow-release fertilizer in the form of granules called UF/DS/Sul-Po-Mag composite was introduced. The IR, DSC, TG, and X-ray spectra were used to characterize the synthesized composite. Characterizations revealed that the new fertilizer had good compatibility and strong hydrogen-bond interactions with improved mechanical and slow-release properties. An aqueous medium and soil incubation studies (up to 70 days) were used to examine the slow-release behavior. Over time, the accessible SO4, K, and Mg contents showed significantly lower SO4, K, and Mg losses than conventional fertilizer, even for low-polymerized materials. The fertilizer composite proved significant antimicrobial activity against all tested pathogens using the broth dilution technique. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) for tested bacteria and yeasts was 20 mg, while the maximum inhibition concentration (MAC) ranges from 40 to 60 mg. On the other hand, MIC for tested filamentous fungi was 100 mg, while MAC was 200-500 mg. These antimicrobial properties against harmful microbes and nutritional contents would enhance the growth of beneficial microorganisms and maintain good equilibrium in the microbial community.
Deciphering the Synergistic Action of Irradiated Chitosan and Biocontrol Agents for the Management of Powdery Mildew in Grapevines.
Shinde KR, Narute TK, Sonawane RB … +2 more , Bhalerao VK, Dalvi SG
Biopolymers · 2025 May · PMID 40219607 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic action of electron beam irradiated chitosan and Ampelomyces quisqualis for the management of powdery mildew, the most significant disease incited by the obligate fungus Erysip...
This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic action of electron beam irradiated chitosan and Ampelomyces quisqualis for the management of powdery mildew, the most significant disease incited by the obligate fungus Erysiphe necator Schw. (Formerly known as Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr.) that causes substantial losses in grapes. In vivo field trials conducted during 2020-21 and 2021-22, the evaluation of irradiated chitosan and bioagent and fungicide for the efficient in managing the grape powdery mildew disease. The fungicide sulfur 80% WDG was determined to be the most efficient. However, it was followed by a friendly combination of irradiated chitosan (150 ppm) with A. quisqualis (0.5%). Eco-friendly molecules, that is irradiated chitosan 150 ppm with A. quisqualis (0.5%), were found to be the best alternative for chemical molecules to achieve the disease control 63.60% and were identified alternative to chemical treatments to manage the powdery mildew disease of grapes. Irradiated chitosan and biocontrol agents showed synergistic action for the management of powdery mildew in grapevines.
Ionic Liquid and Binary Solvent Assisted Preparation of Silk Fibroin and Polyethylene Glycol Film: Structural and Mechanical Properties.
Low JT, Yusoff NISM, Wahit MU … +1 more , Othman N
Biopolymers · 2025 May · PMID 40214344 · Publisher ↗
Silk fibroin (SF), a biodegradable and biocompatible material with excellent mechanical properties, is widely utilized in food packaging and medical applications. However, regenerated SF is inherently brittle, necessitat...
Silk fibroin (SF), a biodegradable and biocompatible material with excellent mechanical properties, is widely utilized in food packaging and medical applications. However, regenerated SF is inherently brittle, necessitating the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG), a nontoxic and biocompatible plasticizer, to enhance its flexibility. In this study, SF-PEG films were fabricated using two solvent systems: a single solvent (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, BMIM Cl) and a binary solvent system (BMIM Cl and dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO). SL-PEG films were prepared using the single solvent, while SM-PEG films were produced with the binary solvent system. The structural, mechanical, and morphological properties of the films were compared. Results showed that the SM-PEG films exhibited excellent mechanical performance, with a tensile strength of 6.9 ± 0.7 MPa, a Young's modulus of 367.0 ± 42.9 MPa, and an elongation at break of 42.6% ± 4.0%, significantly outperforming the SL-PEG films. The enhanced performance of SM-PEG films was attributed to the improved dispersion of PEG within the SF matrix, facilitated by the binary solvent system. In conclusion, the binary solvent system effectively improved the flexibility and ductility of SF-PEG films, making them better suited for applications requiring robust and adaptable biomaterials, such as in food packaging and medical applications.
Biodegradation Studies and Material Properties of Quercetin Incorporated Soy Protein Isolate Films.
Rani P, Singh P, Krishna MM … +3 more , Tian H, Basak P, Kumar R
Biopolymers · 2025 May · PMID 40192068 · Publisher ↗
The study aims to evaluate the effects of different contents of quercetin (1%-3%) on structural and morphological characteristics of soy protein isolate (SPI) based films fabricated by the solution casting method. Prior...
The study aims to evaluate the effects of different contents of quercetin (1%-3%) on structural and morphological characteristics of soy protein isolate (SPI) based films fabricated by the solution casting method. Prior to the preparation of the modified SPI film, quercetin incorporated SPI suspension was characterised for molecular weight distribution, particle size, and zeta potential. Addition of quercetin affected the charge distribution on the surface of protein and made it a more stable entity, as evident from more negative ζ- potential values. The as-prepared film was structurally and thermally characterised by x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results revealed the changes in the secondary conformation of the protein structure with a simultaneous decrease in the crystallinity of the conjugated films and an increase in the thermal stability of quercetin incorporated SPI films. Quercetin incorporated SPI film was also subjected to morphological, antioxidant, and biodegradation studies. The antioxidant activity of the modified films in terms of scavenging free radicals like 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) increased significantly due to the native antioxidative ability of quercetin. The initial phase of biodegradation was rapid, followed by a slower rate of degradation phase. FTIR studies were used to structurally characterise biodegraded samples, and the results revealed the formation of carboxyl dimer during fragmentation and disruption of peptide bonds.
Unraveling the Impact of Diverse Salt Solvent Systems on the Structure and Functionality of Eggshell Membrane Proteins.
Liang X, Cong H, He H
Biopolymers · 2025 May · PMID 40192018 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated the effects of different solvent systems on the microstructure, roughness, and secondary structure of soluble eggshell membrane proteins (SEPs). The solvent system of CaCl/CHOH/HO produced tiny ho...
This study investigated the effects of different solvent systems on the microstructure, roughness, and secondary structure of soluble eggshell membrane proteins (SEPs). The solvent system of CaCl/CHOH/HO produced tiny holes on the surface of SEP, and LiBr resulted in the formation of long holes. The saline solution increased the diameter of the protein fiber, the particle size of the solution, and the surface roughness of regenerated SEP films, mainly due to the enhanced intermolecular aggregation and precipitation. Zeta potential measurements indicated salts decreased the negative values and reduced the stability of the SEP solution. The different solutions showed similar circular dichroism waveforms. The peak intensity decreased at the positive and negative peaks, indicating that the triple helix structure of collagen was denatured to different degrees. Besides, the addition of salts decreased the content of α-helices and the β-turns and increased the content of β-sheets and random coils, indicating an increase in the disordered structure of the protein. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the structural and functional relationships of eggshell membrane proteins, providing a vital basis for developing novel, eco-friendly, and multifunctional protein materials.
Correction to "Stabilization of Collagen Through Bioconversion: An Insight in Protein-Protein Interaction".
Biopolymers · 2025 May · PMID 40143579 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Polymeric Nanosystems: A Breakthrough Approach to Treating Inflammation and Inflammation Related Diseases.
Markovic MD, Panic VV, Pjanovic RV
Biopolymers · 2025 May · PMID 40104970 · Publisher ↗
Inflammation processes can cause mild to severe damage in the human body and can lead to a large number of inflammation-related diseases (IRD) such as cancer, neural, vascular, and pulmonary diseases. Limitations of anti...
Inflammation processes can cause mild to severe damage in the human body and can lead to a large number of inflammation-related diseases (IRD) such as cancer, neural, vascular, and pulmonary diseases. Limitations of anti-inflammatory drugs (AID) application are reflected in high therapeutic doses, toxicity, low bioavailability and solubility, side effects, etc. Polymeric nanosystems (PS) have been recognized as a safe and effective technology that is able to overcome these limitations by AID encapsulation and is able to answer to the specific demands of the IRD treatment. PS are attracting great attention due to their versatility, biocompatibility, low toxicity, fine-tuned properties, functionality, and ability for precise delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs to the targeted sites in the human body. This article offers an overview of three classes of polymeric nanosystems: a) dendrimers, b) polymeric micelles and polymeric nanoparticles, and c) polymeric filomicelles, as well as their properties, preparation, and application in IRD treatment. In the future, the number of PS formulations in clinical practice will certainly increase.
Valorization of Cassia tora Seeds: Extraction and Biofunctional Characterization of Cassia tora Seed Gum.
Rajan SK, Arya SS
Biopolymers · 2025 May · PMID 40103345 · Publisher ↗
Cassia tora, an annual shrub, is a promising but underexplored source of galactomannan, comparable to widely used sources, such as fenugreek, guar, and locust bean. Galactomannans are heteropolysaccharides composed of ga...
Cassia tora, an annual shrub, is a promising but underexplored source of galactomannan, comparable to widely used sources, such as fenugreek, guar, and locust bean. Galactomannans are heteropolysaccharides composed of galactose and mannose, valued for their role as dietary fibers and texture modifiers in food applications. This study aimed to optimize Cassia tora gum's extraction process, characterize its physiochemical properties, and quantify its galactomannan content to assess its potential as a gelling agent. The extraction process was optimized by varying key parameters, including the water-to-seed powder ratio, boiling time, and mucilage-to-ethanol ratio, achieving a 96% recovery of gum, higher than the reported yield with high purity. Physiochemical analysis revealed that the extracted gum contained 84.12% carbohydrate with a galactose-to-mannose ratio of 1:5. Galactomannan content was determined to be 55% in raw Cassia seeds. Rheological studies demonstrated a minimum gelation concentration of 75%, highlighting the gum's potential as an efficient gelling agent. These findings underscore the feasibility of utilizing Cassia tora as a sustainable and cost-effective source of galactomannan for food and industrial applications, offering a valuable alternative to conventional sources.
Thermoplastic Polyurethane-Oleic Acid (TPU-OLE) Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration.
Karahaliloğlu Z, Hazer B
Biopolymers · 2025 May · PMID 40099757 · Publisher ↗
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a regenerative surgical procedure in dentistry and orthopedics. The aim of this study is to fabricate a novel nano-textured, hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based barrier me...
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a regenerative surgical procedure in dentistry and orthopedics. The aim of this study is to fabricate a novel nano-textured, hydrophilic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based barrier membrane containing unsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid (OLE) to assist GBR. First, TPU copolymer containing OLE in different ratios was synthesized, and GBR membranes were fabricated by the solvent casting method, and then, the surface properties were improved by alkali treatment. Thus, a TPU-OLE structure was obtained with improved surface wettability, the ability to prevent bacterial adhesion, and the capability to promote cell adhesion. The contact angle reduced from 73.3° ± 1° to 30.7° ± 0.3° at TPU-OLE3, while at TPU it decreased from 121.2° ± 2.5° to 63.6° ± 0.8° after treatment with 3 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. Furthermore, plate counting assays showed that TPU-OLE membranes displayed excellent bacterial inhibition (against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus); the control group showed 6 × 10 CFU/mL of E. coli bacterial colonies, while on the plates interacting with TPU-OLE1, TPU-OLE2, and TPU-OLE3 membranes, colonies of 12 × 10, 12 × 10, and 24 × 10 CFU/mL were observed, respectively. The bacterial count on TPU-OLE1, TPU-OLE2, and TPU-OLE3 membranes decreased by 109, 164, and 12 × 10 CFU/mL at 24 h, while the control group and TPU membranes showed 1300 × 10 and 600 × 10 CFU/mL, respectively. The obtained results indicated that either alkali treatment or OLE-modified TPU produced a more hydrophilic and promotive surface for cell attachment. Therefore, we anticipate that alkali-treated TPU-OLE membranes have a great potential in GBR in future applications.
Development and Characterization of Starch-Based Chitosan Reinforced Composite for Food Packaging Application.
Adewumi FD, Daniyan I, Danjuma S … +5 more , Ogundolie FA, Ogunmodede O, David P, Fred-Hamadu OH, Adigun A
Biopolymers · 2025 Mar · PMID 40042176 · Publisher ↗
This study considers the development of composite from biodegradable bioplastic obtained from waste starch reinforced with chitosan obtained from snail shells. About 30 g of the starch, 8 mL of glycerol, 2 mL of olive oi...
This study considers the development of composite from biodegradable bioplastic obtained from waste starch reinforced with chitosan obtained from snail shells. About 30 g of the starch, 8 mL of glycerol, 2 mL of olive oil, and 8 mL of vinegar were added without chitosan and made up to 150 mL with distilled water. For other samples, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 g of chitosan were added as reinforcements. The solution was thoroughly mixed, then heated to a temperature of 70°C and stirred continuously till it started to gel, after which it was dried for 3 days. The developed composite was evaluated via physical, mechanical, and structural analyses. The results indicated that the sample with 0.5 g of chitosan reinforcement outperformed others with or without chitosan reinforcement, showing evidence of low water content, solubility, absorption, high tensile strength, and Young's modulus. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results revealed that the chitosan amino group chemically reacted with the starch hydroxyl group, and a bio-blend was formed. From the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test, the morphology of the composite surface showed homogeneity with no visible agglomerates, while the x-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed a sharp peak at 2θ of 29°. In addition, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the thermoplastic starch with 0.5 g of chitosan has the highest thermal stability at 750°C, leaving 19.63% residue. This study is significant as it enhances the application of bioplastics, encourages waste-to-wealth conversion, reduces waste generation, and promotes environmental sustainability.
Development of κ-Carrageenan/Gelatin pH-Responsive Hydrogels for Potential Skin Regeneration Application.
Vuković JS, Žabčić M, Gazvoda L … +4 more , Vukomanović M, Ilić-Tomić TR, Milivojević DR, Tomić SL
Biopolymers · 2025 Mar · PMID 40035390 · Publisher ↗
Advanced skin care involves innovative, multifunctional, and bio-inspired biomaterials capable of regenerating skin tissue. Here, we report the facile route for the fabrication of the bio-sourced pH-responsive hydrogels...
Advanced skin care involves innovative, multifunctional, and bio-inspired biomaterials capable of regenerating skin tissue. Here, we report the facile route for the fabrication of the bio-sourced pH-responsive hydrogels based on κ-carrageenan and gelatin, with properties desirable for the treatment of versatile skin disorders. The extensive characterization revealed differences in physicochemical properties due to chemical modifications of the hydrogels. Porosity ranged from 21.67% to 95.81%. By modifying κ-carrageenan hydrogels with gelatin, the Young's modulus values increased proportionally with the gelatin content, ranging from 0.23 to 2.90 MPa, while native κ-carrageenan hydrogels had the lowest values (0.12-0.42 MPa) and native gelatin hydrogels had the highest (10.85-18.03 MPa). Native κ-carrageenan hydrogels exhibited the most pronounced swelling (18.6-27.0), followed by gelatin-modified κ-carrageenan hydrogels (6.5-23.0) and native gelatin hydrogels (7.8-9.0). The native κ-carrageenan hydrogels also displayed the highest water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) (259.99 ± 16-279.91 ± 19 g m day), while the presence of gelatin lowered it. The hydrogels were preliminary exposed to human fibroblasts (MRC-5 cell line) and then to Caenorhabditis elegans to reveal the effects on whole living organisms. The summarized results suggest that the hydrogels represent advantageous and versatile biocompatible biomaterials set for further investigation as delivery platforms for bioactive molecules suitable for skin tissue regeneration.
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