Camp H, Rocket M, Choi Y
… +4 more, Krajewski T, Oser C, Nowotny K, Brinkley-Rubinstein L
AIDS Educ Prev
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42223404
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This qualitative study explores barriers to and facilitators of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among individuals involved in the criminal legal system (CLS) in the Southern U.S. Through in-depth interviews with 72 p...This qualitative study explores barriers to and facilitators of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among individuals involved in the criminal legal system (CLS) in the Southern U.S. Through in-depth interviews with 72 participants on probation or parole across Florida, Kentucky, and North Carolina, we identified five key themes: (1) of HIV risk, where participants acknowledged PrEP's value but excluded themselves as candidates; (2) , including internalized, interpersonal, and structural barriers; (3) exacerbated in non-Medicaid expansion states; (4) stemming from negative carceral health care experiences; and (5) the unexpected role of as a primary source of PrEP education. Findings align with and extend existing literature on marginalized populations, highlighting the need for tailored interventions addressing systemic, institutional, and community-level barriers. This study underscores the urgency of centering lived experience and policy innovation to improve PrEP access for this high-risk population.
Nguyen TG, Thuy DTT, Dang TH
… +5 more, Nguyen LT, Nguyen BD, Giang LM, Lee SJ, Lin C
AIDS Educ Prev
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42223403
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Spouses and partners play a crucial role in the well-being of women living with HIV (WLWH), especially in family-oriented cultures. This scoping review examined partner-inclusive interventions to strengthen support syste...Spouses and partners play a crucial role in the well-being of women living with HIV (WLWH), especially in family-oriented cultures. This scoping review examined partner-inclusive interventions to strengthen support systems for WLWH. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for peer-reviewed studies from 2004 to 2024. Of 1,375 records screened, six randomized trials conducted in the U.S., China, Ethiopia, and sub-Saharan Africa met the inclusion criteria. Four involved WLWH-partner dyads, two included other family members. Interventions varied in format and were facilitated by health care/social service providers and peer leaders. Most interventions were theory-driven and used psychosocial and behavioral strategies. Positive outcomes included improved medication adherence, HIV knowledge, safe sex behaviors, mental/physical health, gender norms, partner relationships, and coping behaviors. However, gaps remain, notably the lack of approaches addressing power imbalances within the dyad. Future research should consider culturally tailored interventions that emphasize gender empowerment and shared decision-making.
Gollub EL, Finver E, Pizzella L
… +4 more, Raposo C, Hernandez J, Ruggiero A, Martins-Mandel K
AIDS Educ Prev
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42223402
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There is an urgent need for additional PrEP choices in U.S. Latinas. We conducted a hypothetical acceptability study on the dapivirine/PrEP ring among a low-income, predominantly Latina population. One hundred fifty-two...There is an urgent need for additional PrEP choices in U.S. Latinas. We conducted a hypothetical acceptability study on the dapivirine/PrEP ring among a low-income, predominantly Latina population. One hundred fifty-two women recruited from a community clinic waiting room attended a brief informational session and completed an onsite survey. We explored predictors of interest in future ring use. Most women (77%) elected Spanish survey language (SLS) and had a main sexual partner. Less than one- quarter had a college degree; one-quarter reported a "main partner would get angry" at a condom request. Though substantial numbers cited ring concerns (e.g., discomfort with wear), 80-90% of women liked ring aspects (e.g., relief from daily PrEP pill burden). Seventy percent reported a future desire to try the ring. In multivariable modeling, ring interest was associated with SLS and low perceived partner condom resistance. Interest in the PrEP ring was high, supporting additional choice in PrEP options.
Diaz Tsuzuki M, Flores R, Erguera XA
… +6 more, Koester KA, Sauceda JA, Johnson MO, Neilands TB, Montgomery ET, Christopoulos KA
AIDS Educ Prev
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42223401
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Long-acting injectable ART (LAI-ART) may mitigate barriers to ART adherence, but research is needed to optimize LAI-ART for Spanish-speaking people with HIV (PWH). As part of a larger multi-site qualitative study, we con...Long-acting injectable ART (LAI-ART) may mitigate barriers to ART adherence, but research is needed to optimize LAI-ART for Spanish-speaking people with HIV (PWH). As part of a larger multi-site qualitative study, we conducted 20 semistructured interviews with monolingual Spanish-speaking PWH at a Ryan White-funded academic HIV clinic. Transcripts were analyzed in Spanish using thematic analysis. The median age of participants was 47 years (range 25-68), 30% were cis women, 10% were trans women, and all were born in Latin America. Three themes emerged: (1) injection familiarity as a mediator of LAI-ART acceptability, (2) concerns about the compatibility of LAI-ART with one's body, and (3) concerns that use of LAI-ART could impact the ability to return to one's country of origin. Monolingual Spanish-speaking PWH demonstrated substantial interest in LAI-ART. Provider awareness of patients' preferences, beliefs, and migration considerations can help empower patients to make informed decisions about their HIV care.
Scrofani S, Krause KD, Miller CC
… +4 more, Guo TY, Lewis K, Weiser-Schlesinger A, Halkitis PN
AIDS Educ Prev
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42223400
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During the 2022 mpox outbreak, some LGBTQ+ populations in the United States experienced elevated risk, yet motivations for mpox vaccination remain unclear. This study examined whether mpox vaccination intent/uptake was a...During the 2022 mpox outbreak, some LGBTQ+ populations in the United States experienced elevated risk, yet motivations for mpox vaccination remain unclear. This study examined whether mpox vaccination intent/uptake was associated with uptake or intent to vaccinate for other sexually transmitted vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs), including a future HIV vaccine, and whether mpox concern, HIV vaccination intent, and sociodemographic factors predicted mpox vaccination intent/uptake. LGBTQ+ adults in New Jersey and New York completed a cross-sectional web-based survey assessing vaccine behaviors and mpox-related attitudes. Individuals reporting the intent to vaccinate for HIV were more likely to report mpox vaccination intent/uptake, whereas uptake or intent for other sexually transmitted VPDs was not associated with mpox vaccination intent/uptake. In multivariate models adjusting for sociodemographics, higher mpox concern, greater HIV vaccination intent, and employment were associated with higher odds of mpox vaccination intent/uptake. Findings suggest that mpox and HIV vaccination intentions may reflect shared, outbreak-specific prevention orientations shaped by heightened risk.
Adolescents and young adults (AYA) aged 15-24 in Tajikistan have the lowest comprehensive knowledge of HIV compared to other AYA in Eastern Europe and Central Asia; however, little research has explored what sources of H...Adolescents and young adults (AYA) aged 15-24 in Tajikistan have the lowest comprehensive knowledge of HIV compared to other AYA in Eastern Europe and Central Asia; however, little research has explored what sources of HIV information they utilize. We conducted a qualitative study with 36 AYA in Dushanbe, grouped by gender and age. Participants engaged in participatory activities and discussions over two sessions. We conducted thematic analysis and identified three main themes: (1) school-based HIV education was limited and technical, leaving practical knowledge gaps; (2) social networks often spread inaccurate, stigmatizing information; and (3) AYA preferred professional sources but had limited access, relying instead on potentially inaccurate sources like social media. Tajik AYA lack information sources which empower them with accurate information and build their capacity to engage in preventive behaviors. Educational efforts must move beyond knowledge enhancement to address social and structural barriers to information sharing regarding HIV.
Black women experience a disproportionate burden of human immunodeficiency virus in the United States, yet use of pre-exposure prophylaxis remains low. This article critically reviews published research on barriers to an...Black women experience a disproportionate burden of human immunodeficiency virus in the United States, yet use of pre-exposure prophylaxis remains low. This article critically reviews published research on barriers to and facilitators of pre-exposure prophylaxis acceptability among Black women and presents findings from a qualitative pilot study examining awareness and preferences for available and emerging prevention modalities. A critical review of 50 peer-reviewed studies published between 2012 and 2025 identified persistent challenges as well as facilitators. The pilot study included focus groups and interviews with 20 pre-exposure prophylaxis-naïve Black women in two high-incidence Texas counties. Participants demonstrated limited awareness of injectable prevention options, varied preferences across modalities, and strong interest in expanded delivery settings such as pharmacies, mobile services, and at-home options. Findings indicate that low uptake reflects structural gaps in prevention systems rather than lack of interest, underscoring the need for diversified modalities and accessible delivery models.
This pilot study introduces Save Yourself, an educational board game designed to teach HIV/AIDS biology and prevention, enhance science communication, and reduce stigma. Using a single-group pretest/posttest design, 42 u...This pilot study introduces Save Yourself, an educational board game designed to teach HIV/AIDS biology and prevention, enhance science communication, and reduce stigma. Using a single-group pretest/posttest design, 42 university students ( = 24.6) completed a 20-item HIV/AIDS knowledge quiz, evaluation items, and open-ended feedback. Paired samples t tests revealed significant knowledge gains (pre: = 64.97%, = 9.77; post: = 85.10%, = 7.86; (41) = -10.68, < .001, = -1.65), with large improvements in transmission and prevention subscales. Descriptive ratings were high for gameplay, clarity, and mechanics (≈ 4.5/5). A binomial test showed 81% of participants felt the game addressed stigma ( < .001). Thematic analysis identified seven areas for improvement, including balance of fun and learning, clarity of instructions, and social impact. Measurement issues emerged, as the Educational Game Scale showed poor reliability (α = -.04). Overall, Save Yourself shows promise as a low-tech, engaging HIV/AIDS education tool.
AIDS Educ Prev
· 2026 Apr · PMID 42048233
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African American faith institutions can play a key role in increasing HIV education and testing in communities disproportionately burdened by HIV. This focus group study explored church participant perspectives of a reli...African American faith institutions can play a key role in increasing HIV education and testing in communities disproportionately burdened by HIV. This focus group study explored church participant perspectives of a religiously tailored HIV education and testing intervention implemented through a clustered, randomized controlled trial with 14 African American churches in Kansas City. Focus group participants from intervention churches emphasized the importance of churches providing access to HIV screening/education and support for people with HIV. They noted that pastors' involvement (e.g., integrating messages into sermons, publicly getting tested) encouraged others to get tested. TIPS materials were seen as easy to understand, and the intervention fostered more HIV discussions and partnerships with public health organizations. Challenges included time demands and limited church staff. Participants recommended stronger connections among intervention churches for support and idea sharing. Overall, religiously tailored HIV education and testing interventions are highly acceptable when supported by trusted faith and public health partnerships.
Schnall R, Kaw S, Pazol J
… +5 more, Brin M, Kuhns LM, Radix A, Naar S, Garofalo R
AIDS Educ Prev
· 2026 Apr · PMID 42048232
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Men who have sex with men (MSM) account for nearly 70% of new HIV infections annually. Although awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is growing, uptake remains low among young MSM. Peer navigators are well positi...Men who have sex with men (MSM) account for nearly 70% of new HIV infections annually. Although awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is growing, uptake remains low among young MSM. Peer navigators are well positioned to guide patients through PrEP care, provide psychosocial support, build trust, and demystify PrEP. Given strong evidence to support mobile health (mHealth) apps for enhancing HIV prevention knowledge, our team created MyPEEPS Plus, a HIV prevention combination intervention of mHealth and an electronic peer (e-peer) navigation program. In this article, we describe development of a remote intervention that incorporates evidence-based strategies including: HIV Incidence Risk Index for Men Who Have Sex With Men (HIRI-MSM); open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, and summarizing (OARS); shared decision making approach; the PrEP Readiness Assessment (PRA); and motivational interviewing (MI) for use in an RCT. By combining digital education with personalized support, MyPEEPS Plus is designed to empower youth and reduce barriers to PrEP initiation and persistence.
Wang CY, Liu J, Min SH
… +4 more, Duncan DT, Kuhns LM, Garofalo R, Schnall R
AIDS Educ Prev
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41746612
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Accurate assessment of general HIV and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) knowledge is essential for evaluating contemporary prevention efforts. This study examined the psychometric properties of a revised HIV and PrEP know...Accurate assessment of general HIV and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) knowledge is essential for evaluating contemporary prevention efforts. This study examined the psychometric properties of a revised HIV and PrEP knowledge instrument for young sexual and gender minority (SGM) men. Data were collected from 1,519 participants (ages 17-29) via an online survey. Of the original 31 items, 7 were removed based on item analysis, and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted on the remaining 24 items. EFA supported a two-factor structure-18 items assessing general HIV knowledge and 6 assessing PrEP knowledge-with acceptable model fit (RMSEA = 0.06) and strong factor loadings (0.32). The instrument demonstrated measurement invariance across major racial/ethnic groups, moderate to strong item-total correlations (≥0.30), and acceptable internal consistency for both subscales. Findings validate this 24-item, two-factor instrument as a reliable tool for assessing HIV and PrEP knowledge among SGM men.
Andrasik M, Broder G, Louis K
… +17 more, Baepanye K, Kamel L, Davis A, Segura P, Makhubalo B, Leon Rhandomy MR, Soler J, Certo SK, Gonzalez R, Dawit W, Reinstein S, Shipman CE, Seyama L, Sanchez Sarmiento H, Mpongo NC, Swann E, Morar NS
AIDS Educ Prev
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41746611
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The HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) is the largest publicly funded international collaboration facilitating the evaluation of vaccines to prevent HIV and TB. Central to the HVTN's success is the reliance on robust comm...The HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) is the largest publicly funded international collaboration facilitating the evaluation of vaccines to prevent HIV and TB. Central to the HVTN's success is the reliance on robust community engagement methods, ensuring community participation and facilitating community awareness and knowledge of research. Community engagement is a dynamic process that requires active participation from all stakeholders to ensure success. The HVTN and its global Clinical Research Sites (CRSs) located in Africa, Latin America, and North America are known as the Network. We describe relationships across the Network, specific staff roles and responsibilities, and the myriad activities undertaken to ensure optimal community engagement. Key activities include involving active Community Advisory Boards (CABs), using community consultations, and having trained Community Engagement staff at each CRS. Operating with robust community engagement has resulted in rapid enrollment and high retention of diverse participant populations across Network studies.
Takenaka BP, Weerakoon SM, Sobrino M
… +8 more, Bustamante MJ, Nwaozuru U, Herrera C, Sesenu F, Ansarizadeh K, Flores JJ, Johnson R, Opara I
AIDS Educ Prev
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41746610
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Publisher ↗
In the United States (U.S.), sexual minority youth (SMY) are disproportionately impacted by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and structurally marginalized from routine testing for HIV and STI. This st...In the United States (U.S.), sexual minority youth (SMY) are disproportionately impacted by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and structurally marginalized from routine testing for HIV and STI. This study examines neighborhood violence predictors (saw violence, safety concerns, and being threatened) on HIV and STI testing among a sample of SMY in the U.S. Data came from the 2021 Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance System (YRBSS). Weighted bivariate and multilevel logistic regressions examined the odds of ever testing for HIV and STIs in the past 12 months and neighborhood violence. Our weighted sample ( = 806) had a mean age of 16 years, majority female (80%), and identified as White (53%). SMY reported increased odds of testing for HIV and STI when witnessing someone get physically attacked, beaten, stabbed, or shot in their neighborhood, felt unsafe at school or on their way to or from school, or threatened or injured with a weapon on school property. Additionally, increased odds of testing for HIV and STIs patterned exposure to neighborhood violence among SMY who identified as male, of color (non-White), and multi-ethnoracial background. The study highlights the need for examining potential protective social-structural factors that complicate the relationship between HIV and STI testing and exposure to neighborhood violence.
Robles G, Reynolds A, Amir-Koren U
… +2 more, Rendina HJ, Rodríguez-Díaz CE
AIDS Educ Prev
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41746609
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Publisher ↗
Despite the disproportionate burden of HIV among sexual minority men (SMM), PrEP is underutilized among this population. This study used a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to examine preferences and concerns related to P...Despite the disproportionate burden of HIV among sexual minority men (SMM), PrEP is underutilized among this population. This study used a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to examine preferences and concerns related to PrEP uptake among HIV-negative, PrEP-eligible SMM ( = 271). Participants evaluated hypothetical PrEP profiles based on administration method, side effects, provider language, and peer use. On-demand PrEP was preferred over daily and long-acting injectable regimens. Side effects, particularly headaches and nausea, were rated as more influential than other attributes. Participants who knew someone taking PrEP had increased odds of taking PrEP themselves. Language concordance with providers did not significantly affect preferences. These findings underscore the importance of flexible PrEP options and minimizing side effects to increase acceptability. Tailoring healthcare delivery and messaging to these preferences may improve PrEP uptake among SMM.
Olete RA, Leyritana K, Anigan GM
… +4 more, de Castro MA, Gonzales J, Daclison J, Strong C
AIDS Educ Prev
· 2026 Feb · PMID 41746608
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The Philippines faces a rising HIV epidemic despite global declines, partly due to limited access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). SAIL-teleprep, a telehealth-based differentiated service delivery model, was implement...The Philippines faces a rising HIV epidemic despite global declines, partly due to limited access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). SAIL-teleprep, a telehealth-based differentiated service delivery model, was implemented to expand PrEP access among key populations (KPs) in underserved areas. Using the RE-AIM framework, this study evaluated its first-year implementation through a retrospective cohort analysis of 5,876 PrEP clients across four clinics in 2023. Of these, 8.4% accessed SAIL-teleprep, with higher uptake among clients aged > 24, residing outside Greater Manila, and identifying as men who have sex with men or sex workers. PrEP persistence among teleprep users was high (86.5%). Uptake varied by clinic, and use of courier deliveries peaked seasonally. Findings highlight SAIL-teleprep's potential to reach underserved groups while maintaining adherence. However, gaps remain in engaging younger KPs and people who inject drugs, underscoring the need for adaptable, client-centered strategies in decentralized HIV prevention.
Lin H, Guo P, Wang X
… +7 more, Zhang L, Chang C, Shi Y, Ji Y, Cao W, Li J, Mo PK
AIDS Educ Prev
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41428497
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Publisher ↗
This cross-sectional study investigated long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis (LAI-PrEP) perceptions and attitudes among 1,545 Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) in December 2023. Of participants, 66.5% me...This cross-sectional study investigated long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis (LAI-PrEP) perceptions and attitudes among 1,545 Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) in December 2023. Of participants, 66.5% met PrEP eligibility criteria, 53.7% expressed willingness to use LAI-PrEP within 6 months, and 77.9% were PrEP naïve. Current oral PrEP users showed higher LAI-PrEP willingness (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.23, 95% CI [1.44, 3.44]) than the PrEP naïve group. Condomless anal intercourse (AOR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.08, 1.61]) and recent sexually transmitted infection diagnosis (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI [1.15, 2.95]) were positively associated with willingness. Structural equation modeling revealed distinct predictors: for PrEP naïve group, LAI-PrEP willingness was influenced by outcome expectancies, HIV risk perception, self-efficacy, and subjective norms ( <.05), while the PrEP-experienced group relied more on outcome expectancies. Tailored interventions addressing group-specific cognitive factors are critical to optimize LAI-PrEP adoption.
AIDS Educ Prev
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41428496
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Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are disproportionately burdened by new HIV infections in eastern and southern Africa. Data on co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors and associations with sexual HIV risk behavio...Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are disproportionately burdened by new HIV infections in eastern and southern Africa. Data on co-occurrence of behavioral risk factors and associations with sexual HIV risk behaviors can inform layered and targeted HIV prevention efforts. Using nationally representative data of AGYW aged 13-24 years from the 2018 Lesotho Violence Against Children and Youth Survey, we categorized the population into distinct adversity groups comprised of different pattens of sexual violence exposure, substance use, and moderate/severe mental distress. We estimated associations of adversity groups with infrequent condom use and past-year multiple sexual partners. We observed significant associations between some groups and infrequent condom use and multiple sexual partners. Interventions to prevent sexual violence and substance use, in particular, may help reduce sexual HIV risk behaviors and thus HIV prevalence among this population in Lesotho.
Masvawure TB, Zech JM, Chingombe I
… +9 more, Gwanzura C, Mapingure M, Musuka G, Msukwa M, Rabkin M, George G, Strauss M, Apollo T, Mantell JE
AIDS Educ Prev
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41428495
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HIV-related stigma and discrimination remain pervasive despite dramatic improvements in the availability and accessibility of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We examined the experiences of HIV stigma and discrimination and...HIV-related stigma and discrimination remain pervasive despite dramatic improvements in the availability and accessibility of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We examined the experiences of HIV stigma and discrimination and coping strategies among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in urban Zimbabwe in 2018. We conducted eight focus group discussions, stratified by age and gender (women and men 18-29 years, women and men >29), as part of a discrete choice experiment on HIV treatment models. HIV-related stigma emerged as a key theme, with participants expressing the desire to be seen as "normal." However, being mocked, constant reminders that they had HIV, negative comments about PLHIV and regular trips to health facilities made "normality" elusive. Participants coped by ignoring stigmatizing comments and behaviors, minimizing social interactions, carefully selecting allies for support, adhering to ART in order to stay (and appear) healthy, and temporarily stopping ART. Stigma-reduction interventions for PLHIV and communities are urgently needed.
Belloir J, Myers T, Scherr T
… +4 more, Almodovar M, Kuhns L, Garofalo R, Schnall R
AIDS Educ Prev
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41428494
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Publisher ↗
There is evidence of disparities in mental health and substance use disorders in the United States among sexual and gender minority young adults, yet the correlates are not well understood. This study examines the preval...There is evidence of disparities in mental health and substance use disorders in the United States among sexual and gender minority young adults, yet the correlates are not well understood. This study examines the prevalence and patterns of substance use among sexual and gender minority men and investigates how substance use relates to depression and anxiety. Data were collected from a randomized clinical trial of the mLab App, a mobile health HIV testing intervention in the United States. Linear regression analysis, adjusted for demographic variables, was conducted to explore the associations between substance use and mental health outcomes. Findings show a high prevalence of substance use in this population, with alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco as the most used substances. Results indicate significant positive associations between alcohol, cannabis, and methamphetamine use with depression, and between alcohol, cannabis, sedatives, and tobacco use with anxiety. These findings highlight the need for targeted prevention strategies and tailored interventions to address the unique challenges faced by sexual and gender minority men.
Nelson KM, Edison B, Haiken S
… +3 more, Knapp-Broas H, Loret de Mola E, Perry NS
AIDS Educ Prev
· 2025 Dec · PMID 41428493
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Adolescent sexual minority males (ASMM) are substantially burdened by HIV in the United States. HIV prevention efforts targeting ASMM have primarily focused on male-male sexual contact, often ignoring male-female sexual...Adolescent sexual minority males (ASMM) are substantially burdened by HIV in the United States. HIV prevention efforts targeting ASMM have primarily focused on male-male sexual contact, often ignoring male-female sexual behaviors. The objective of this study was to explore the sexual behaviors of ASMM with male and female partners among the baseline sample of an online sexual health pilot study ( = 118, ages 14-17 years). We report frequencies of sexual behaviors by partner sex. Almost half of the participants (47%) engaged in sexual activity with female partners in the past 3 months. Frequency of sexual behaviors, condom use, and future intentions to have sex and use condoms varied by partner sex. HIV prevention efforts should address the full range of sexual behaviors ASMM may engage in with both male and female partners. Focusing only on male-male sex among ASMM fails to address the breadth of ASMM's HIV prevention needs.