Current Vascular Pharmacology[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Mast Cells and Cardiovascular Disorders.
Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Vouliotis A … +1 more , Manolis AS
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42316564 · Publisher ↗
Mastocytosis is a neoplasm characterised by clonal proliferation of mast cells (MCs) in the skin and other organs, including the heart, and symptoms produced by MC-derived mediators. MC activation syndrome (MCAS) relates...
Mastocytosis is a neoplasm characterised by clonal proliferation of mast cells (MCs) in the skin and other organs, including the heart, and symptoms produced by MC-derived mediators. MC activation syndrome (MCAS) relates to increased and inappropriate activation of MCs without clonal proliferation. Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells strategically located in different cardiac sites, e.g., myocardium, pericardium, aortic valve, and close to nerves, and in atherosclerotic plaques. The mediators (e.g., histamine, tryptase, chymase, cytokines, and chemokines) have roles in inflammation, angiogenesis, tissue remodelling, and fibrosis. They activate different cardiac resident immune cells (e.g., macrophages) and structural cells (e.g., fibroblasts and endothelial cells). MCs participate in atherosclerosis and several cardiovascular diseases (CVD), comprising allergic angina, coronary syndromes, and arrhythmias, by destabilizing and promoting atherosclerotic plaque rupture with its attendant dire consequences. Furthermore, MCs stimulate fibrosis after a myocardial infarction. MCAS is increasingly appreciated as it affects many patients previously noted to have various apparently idiopathic chronic multisystem inflammatory and/or allergic diseases or dystrophisms. Symptoms resulting from mediator release comprise flushing, hypotension, urticaria, angioedema, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea. Diagnosis is rendered by skin and/or bone marrow biopsy. Considering the increasing incidence and prevalence of MC-related diseases, guidance is needed for clinicians or researchers to select efficacious MC stabilizers that could block external stimulus signals into cells, inhibit intracellular signalling pathways, and disrupt degranulation. These novel therapies may soon find their way into the clinical arena. All relevant data and important advances in this recently recognized clinical entity are herein reviewed.
Occupational and Environment-Related Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.
Manolis AS, Manolis AA, Manolis TA … +1 more , Vouliotis A
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 Jun · PMID 42312516 · Publisher ↗
Work is a social determinant of Cardiovascular (CV) and general health and can both influence and be influenced by health. The type of work, working conditions, and work environment are fundamental social determinants of...
Work is a social determinant of Cardiovascular (CV) and general health and can both influence and be influenced by health. The type of work, working conditions, and work environment are fundamental social determinants of CV and general health status. Climate change presents an urgent and increasing threat to workers' health, via both direct exposure to environmental risks and the indirect worsening of social and health inequalities. Occupational health, which focuses on the promotion of mental and physical health and well-being of workers, and the avoidance of occupationrelated health risks, is a crucial but less discussed concern and component of human health. Relevant research at the intersection of climate change and occupational health remains scarce. Additionally, mitigation of climate change and adaptation efforts are driving forces for rapid transformations in the workplace, including shifts towards sustainability and circular economy models. These transitions are creating new occupational hazards, including those concerning renewable energy and the circular economy sectors. Investment in occupational health research and surveillance should be increased to address the evolving influences of both climate change and the green transition, to enhance and protect workers' CV and general health. Among the work-related factors that play an important role in patients with CVD, the following seem crucial: work participation, physical and mental work capability, appropriate work, support from and flexibility of the work environment, inter-personal communication, person-centered milieu, and interdisciplinary communication. A moderate leisure-time physical activity combined with moderate occupational physical activity may be a more plausible way to combine these two activities to sustain and/or improve CV health. Such an approach may be able to ameliorate workrelated outcomes in patients with CVD. Finally, lifestyle interventions targeting multiple behaviors are also most important to prevent CVD and attain cardiometabolic health. All these issues of occupational CVD are herein reviewed, and relevant meta-analyses are tabulated and discussed.
Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 as Biomarkers in Acute Elevation of Blood Pressure.
Andrade DO, Silva Souza DR, de Godoy MF … +4 more , Minari TP, Vieira-da-Silva MA, Cosenso-Martin LN, Vilela-Martin JF
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 May · PMID 42152264 · Publisher ↗
Vascular remodeling, a common feature of hypertension and its complications, involves the reconstruction of blood vessel layers through mechanisms of vascular matrix degradation and reorganization. This process is an imp...
Vascular remodeling, a common feature of hypertension and its complications, involves the reconstruction of blood vessel layers through mechanisms of vascular matrix degradation and reorganization. This process is an important step in development, morphogenesis, and tissue repair. Normally, it is regulated by physiological conditions, but when dysregulated, it may contribute to the pathogenesis of several diseases, such as arthritis, cancer, chronic ulcers, and fibrosis. Uncontrolled remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the myocardium and vasculature is characteristic of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been highlighted as an important class of enzymes with cleavage capacity linked to remodeling processes in CVDs. These proteolytic enzymes are involved in collagen degradation, contribute to the formation and breakdown of various ECM proteins, and participate in cell migration and growth regulation. They are present in several cell types and tissues, including vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, endothelium, and inflammatory cells. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system affects vascular structure by promoting fibrosis and growth and is also an important regulator of inflammation and vascular remodeling. In this context, this review aims to provide insight into the biological role of MMPs (focusing on MMP-2 and MMP-9) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in the development and progression of CVDs, as well as the severe implications of acute blood pressure elevations, such as eclampsia, stroke, and other related conditions, highlighting the varied roles of MMPs in vascular remodeling processes.
Is the Cardiovascular Risk Increased in Patients with Isolated Systolic Hypertension and Anemia?
Goran K, Sladjana M, Milovan S … +8 more , Marija Z, Petar O, Dragan L, Boris D, Suzana O, Ruzica JT, Predrag C, Bojan M
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 May · PMID 42136506 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is important because of its very high prevalence. Anemia is also a highly prevalent non-communicable disease. The paper aims to answer the study questions: 1) Is there a...
INTRODUCTION: Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is important because of its very high prevalence. Anemia is also a highly prevalent non-communicable disease. The paper aims to answer the study questions: 1) Is there a relation between anemia and dBP?; 2) Is there a link between ISH and anemia?; 3) Are ISH and anemia important due to their prevalence?; 4) Is the cardiovascular risk increased in ISH patients with anemia?5) Is this recognized in HTN guidelines? METHODS: Search 1 was done for 'isolated systolic hypertension' and 'anemia' in papers (excluding guidelines). Search 2 was performed for arterial hypertension (HTN) guidelines, to see if there is a part about 'isolated systolic hypertension' and about 'anemia', as well as about their relationship. We performed a SCOPUS, Springer Verlag, Elsevier, PubMed, and Google Scholar search. RESULTS: Diastolic blood pressure is often decreased in anemia, due to abundant pathophysiological mechanisms. Moreover, dBP is often low in both ISH and anemia. Third, anemia and ISH are important due to their high prevalence, especially in the elderly. DISCUSSION: The main result of the study is the identification of the important, clinically relevant, previously undefined problem: anemia in ISH. Cardiovascular risk is increased in ISH patients with anemia. The significance of anemia in ISH is not recognized in HTA guidelines, partially because they need to be concise. CONCLUSION: The overlooked problem of anemia in ISH needs recognition both in clinical practice, to avoid overzealous dBP reduct.
Periodontal Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factors.
Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Manolis AS
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 May · PMID 42136505 · Publisher ↗
Various studies have suggested a bidirectional association between periodontal disease and systemic health conditions. Periodontitis is caused by polymicrobial infection, and it affects 7 - 11% of adults worldwide in an...
Various studies have suggested a bidirectional association between periodontal disease and systemic health conditions. Periodontitis is caused by polymicrobial infection, and it affects 7 - 11% of adults worldwide in an age-dependent manner. Besides its local manifestations, including gingival inflammation, periodontal pocket formation, and alveolar bone loss, periodontitis is linked to several systemic conditions. Emerging evidence points to associations with obesity, diabetes, Cardiovascular (CV) Disease (CVD), chronic renal disease, inflammatory bowel disease, respiratory diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, unfavorable pregnancy outcomes, specific cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, psychological diseases, and autoimmune disorders. These links seem to be mediated by 3 main mechanisms: dysbiotic oral biofilms, chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, and the spreading of periodontal pathogenic microbes throughout the body. The pathophysiologic mechanisms involved comprise high concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6), increased C-reactive protein, worsened immune function, oxidative stress, and molecular mimicry. Certain periodontal pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis) play a role in triggering and maintaining systemic inflammatory responses. Importantly, management of periodontitis has led to improvements in various systemic conditions, underscoring the clinical importance of these links. Thus, periodontitis represents more than a local oral disease; it significantly contributes to the overall systemic inflammatory burden, with implications for general and cardiovascular health. Therefore, an organized multidisciplinary approach for the prevention, early detection, and optimal management of periodontal disease is essential for improving both cardiovascular and overall patient outcomes. In this respect, healthcare providers should regard oral health as a crucial and integral component of systemic health.
The Use of Colchicine in Cardiovascular Disease: Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms and Clinical Utility.
Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Manolis AS
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 May · PMID 42136504 · Publisher ↗
Current data indicate that low-dose colchicine (0.5 mg/day) may reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events (MACE) in patients with coronary artery disease and thus can become a new standard, effective, c...
Current data indicate that low-dose colchicine (0.5 mg/day) may reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events (MACE) in patients with coronary artery disease and thus can become a new standard, effective, cost-efficient, and well-tolerated therapy for cardiac patients. Various important randomised controlled studies have reported on colchicine's influence on CV outcomes, and meta-analyses of these trials show that colchicine mitigates the risk of recurrent MACE by 25%, resulting in its recent approval by the Food and Drug Administration for the management and prevention of CV disease (CVD). While colchicine reduces MACE risk, its survival benefit remains inconclusive, warranting further long-term investigations. The non-significant decrease in CV death of ~20% is surpassed by a more apparent, borderline non-significant rise in the risk of non-CV death by ~40%. Main populations comprising patients with heart failure, patients submitted to surgical revascularisation, females, elderly persons, and non-Caucasians are under-represented in current trials, limiting the generalisability of such treatment. Thus, colchicine shows promise in curtailing MACE, additional data from large-scale, long-term trials are needed to corroborate such findings before its widespread use in clinical practice to favourably influence the secondary prevention of atherosclerotic CVD. Colchicine may have important advantages in curtailing myocardial infarction in specific high-risk patient groups but uncertainty about the magnitude of the impact on survival remains, particularly in the general population. Unfortunately, this agent is plagued by gastrointestinal side effects, which may deter its use. More data from larger-scale randomised studies will be required.
Chitosan-Saponin-Bentonite Nanocomposites Prevent Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiovascular Toxicity by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis.
Moftha NSH, Soliman AM, Fahmy SR … +1 more , Mohamed AS
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 May · PMID 42099134 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the predominant chronic illness among the aged population. One in five people died from CDV in 2022, with approximately 700000 people losing their lives to the condition....
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the predominant chronic illness among the aged population. One in five people died from CDV in 2022, with approximately 700000 people losing their lives to the condition. Chitosan-saponin-bentonite nanocomposites (CSB-NC ) exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, as well as anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic properties. The present study aims to examine the cardioprotective effects of CSB-NC against the cardiovascular toxicity associated with doxorubicin (Dox). METHODS: Cardiovascular toxicity was induced in rats following the administration of Dox (3 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. Thirty-six rats were divided into six groups, each consisting of six rats. The groups included: control, Dox, Dox + chitosan (60 mg/kg, orally), Dox + bentonite (60 mg/kg, orally), Dox + saponins (60 mg/kg, orally), and Dox + CSB-NC (60 mg/kg, orally). RESULTS: Following CSB-NC treatment, the ST segment of the ECG exhibited partial normalization. CSB-NC reduced the levels of cardiac troponin T, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, DNA fragmentation, and caspase-3, while it elevated glutathione, reduced catalase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, and Bcell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). The CSB-NC-treated group exhibited a normal histological structure of cardiac muscle. DISCUSSION: CSB-NC demonstrated a protective effect on the heart against Dox toxicity by enhancing the Nrf2 pathway, supporting the internal antioxidant system, and inhibiting the apoptotic pathway by reducing caspase-3 and stimulating Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSION: CSB-NC showed a synergistic protective effect against cardiovascular toxicity induced by Dox when combined with saponin, chitosan, and bentonite.
Peripheral Arterial Disease Outcome in Patients with ESRD on Hemodialysis: A Study from a Developing Country.
O Oweis A, A AllShelleh S, Al-Zu'bi B … +3 more , A AlAjlouni B, A Shawer H, H Alzoubi K
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 Apr · PMID 42083943 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis are at higher risk for cardiovascular complications due to the increased risk of atherosclerosis. This study aims to evaluate the factors associated wit...
BACKGROUND: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis are at higher risk for cardiovascular complications due to the increased risk of atherosclerosis. This study aims to evaluate the factors associated with poor outcomes in this group of patients with Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) regarding survival and rates of lower limb amputation, which is an important determinant of morbidity and quality of life. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed using hospital databases from 2010 to 2021. ESRD patients who were diagnosed with PAD during this period were studied; diagnosis was done through CT-angiography. Predefined endpoints were death and amputation. RESULTS: The mean age for the patients was 65.9 (SD 12.96) and 66.7% were males. Most patients had either DM (84.6%) or HTN (91%). The prevalence of amputation was 44.7%, 32.9% were males (P=0.33); using univariate analysis DM was a strong predictor for amputation (P=0.001) as long as coronary artery disease (P=0.001) while other comorbidities like HTN (P=0.66), heart failure (P=0.86), atrial fibrillation (P=0.81), Dyslipidemia (P=0.95) and stroke (P=0.16) were not associated with amputation. On multivariate analysis, only DM (P=0.003) was associated with a higher prevalence of amputation Time to death was 16.9 months (SDܸ25.6), 11.3 months (SDܸ9.1) for patients with amputation vs. 21.1 (SDܸ32.7) for those without amputation. CONCLUSION: End-stage renal disease patients with PVD, especially with PVD, have higher mortality, and the majority are diabetic, which necessitates earlier recognition of PVD and modified risk factors like better control of DM and its complications in addition to other risk factors like HTN, dyslipidemia, and metabolic disorders of CKD.
Circadian Rhythm and Ischemic Stroke: A Hospital-based Study in Shanghai, China.
Singh B, An H, Xiong R … +4 more , Xie H, Yin Y, Manfredini R, Huang D
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 Apr · PMID 42083405 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Circadian rhythm influences the clinical spectrum of stroke. Despite extensive research, studies examining the circadian influences on stroke occurrence, focusing on demographic factors and common risk fact...
INTRODUCTION: Circadian rhythm influences the clinical spectrum of stroke. Despite extensive research, studies examining the circadian influences on stroke occurrence, focusing on demographic factors and common risk factors, are limited. This study aims to examine the distribution and circadian patterns of ischemic stroke onset times and to analyze demographic factors and risk factors related to stroke timing. METHODS: Conducted at Shanghai East Hospital, an affiliated hospital of Tongji University, this study analyzed electronic medical records from 2021 and 2022, screening 1,320 patients. A total of 406 patients met the inclusion criteria: >18 years old, Chinese nationality, diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke, and without liver disease. Stroke occurrences were categorized into six time intervals for Cosinor analysis and chi-square tests. RESULTS: Among 406 patients (62.1% male, mean age 68.7 years), stroke occurrences showed a clear circadian pattern, peaking between 08:00 and 11:59 (36.2%) and occurring predominantly during daylight hours (75.9%). Cosinor analysis confirmed significant circadian rhythmicity. Hypertension (67.5%) and diabetes (33%) were not significantly associated with stroke onset timing. No significant differences in stroke timing were observed across gender or age groups. DISCUSSION: Patients with a history of previous stroke demonstrated a significant association with late afternoon onset (p = 0.038), a pattern infrequently reported in prior studies that may reflect altered vulnerability or treatment-related factors. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a pronounced circadian pattern in ischemic stroke, with a latemorning peak. The observed late-afternoon signal among patients with prior stroke warrants further investigation to clarify underlying mechanisms and implications for prevention strategies.
Effect of Statins on Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia: Editorial for Hellenic Postprandial Lipemia Study (HPLS), A Prospective Cohort Trial.
Mukherjee D
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 Apr · PMID 42059239 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Anticoagulation Management in Hemodialysis Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Clinical Dilemma.
Triantafyllidou M, Stamellou E, Roumeliotis S … +2 more , Leivaditis K, Dounousi E
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 Apr · PMID 42003213 · Publisher ↗
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is increasingly prevalent among patients on haemodialysis (HD). It presents a significant clinical challenge due to the elevated risks of both thromboemb...
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is increasingly prevalent among patients on haemodialysis (HD). It presents a significant clinical challenge due to the elevated risks of both thromboembolic and bleeding events. Although the shift from Vitamin K Antagonists (VKAs) to Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) is well established in the general population and in patients with moderate Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), uncertainty persists in HD patients due to limited evidence. This review synthesizes current evidence on anticoagulation therapy in HD patients with AF, evaluating safety, efficacy, and clinical guidelines to inform evidence-based decision-making. We reviewed current evidence, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews, on anticoagulation in HD patients with AF. Relevant articles published up to December 2024 were identified via PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. Key clinical guidelines (KDIGO, ESH, ACC/AHA/ACCP/HPS) were also included. Overall, evidence in HD patients remains heterogeneous. Small RCTs evaluating DOACS have methodological limitations and conflicting results. However, meta-analyses and large cohort studies show that VKAs do not significantly reduce ischemic stroke or mortality in this population and may increase haemorrhagic risk; poor time-in-therapeutic range is a recurring problem. In contrast, accumulating evidence increasingly favors DOACs, with signals of lower bleeding and at least comparable stroke prevention. Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is an emerging option that may reduce stroke risk without long-term anticoagulation. While definitive randomized evidence in HD remains lacking, the current data balance suggests a cautious preference for DOACs over VKAs. Further adequately powered RCTs in HD are needed to solidify these recommendations.
A Comprehensive Review of the Use of Peripheral Vasopressors and Their Implications.
Surana A, Bhattacharya R, Banga A … +1 more , Martin K
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 Apr · PMID 42003212 · Publisher ↗
The use of peripheral vasopressors has gained attention as a viable alternative to central venous catheter (CVC) administration in critically ill patients. This review explores the evolving evidence on the safety, effica...
The use of peripheral vasopressors has gained attention as a viable alternative to central venous catheter (CVC) administration in critically ill patients. This review explores the evolving evidence on the safety, efficacy, and clinical considerations of peripheral vasopressor use, particularly in acute hypotensive states. Although central access remains the standard for vasopressor administration, delays in CVC placement may necessitate peripheral access as a temporizing measure. While other forms of venous access, such as Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICCs) provide reliable administration routes, they are classified as central access; this review focuses exclusively on the safety and implications of vasopressor administration via peripheral venous catheters (PVCs). Studies have shown that peripheral vasopressors, when administered with proper protocols, can effectively stabilize patients while avoiding the risks associated with CVCs, such as infections, thrombosis, and pneumothorax. However, complications, particularly extravasation, remain a concern. This review discusses various vasopressor agents, including norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine, highlighting their safety profiles and the importance of catheter size, location, and duration of infusion. Furthermore, the review addresses gaps in current guidelines and the lack of standardized protocols. Given the promising results, further research is needed to establish best practices for peripheral vasopressor use, including optimal dosing, duration, and patient selection. A protocol-driven approach, combined with enhanced monitoring, could potentially reduce complications and improve patient outcomes in critical care settings.
Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and Barriers to Care in Patients with Dyslipidaemia in the Arabian Gulf Region: The Gulf ACTION Registry.
Alhabib KF, Albackr HB, Waili KA … +21 more , Almahmeed W, Jarallah MA, Amin MI, Alrasadi K, Batais MA, Almigbal TH, Youssef A, Alghamdi M, Shehri MA, Ahmad I, ElToukhy RA, Kholaif N, Kinsara AJ, Al-Kindi M, Barzargani N, Hassan M, Suwaidi SA, Rajan R, Al Hinai M, Altaradi H, Al-Zakwani I
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 Apr · PMID 41935389 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: This study evaluates dyslipidaemia management in the Arabian Gulf region. METHODS: The multicentre, multinational longitudinal Gulf ACTION registry includes adults (≥18 years old) on lipid-lowering therapy...
INTRODUCTION: This study evaluates dyslipidaemia management in the Arabian Gulf region. METHODS: The multicentre, multinational longitudinal Gulf ACTION registry includes adults (≥18 years old) on lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) recruited from outpatient clinics at 14 tertiary care centres and 9 primary care clinics across five Arabian Gulf countries. RESULTS: A total of 2884 patients were enrolled (mean age 58±12 years); 63% were male. The median first follow-up was 7 (6-11) months, and the median second follow-up was 14 (12-23) months. Among the cohort, 52% of patients were very high risk, 21% of whom achieved their LDL-C target; 40% were high risk, 24% achieved their LDL-C target; 2% were moderate risk, 72% achieved their LDL-C target; and 6% were low risk, 78% achieved their LDL-C target. Only 24% of the overall cohort and 30% of the very high-risk group were treated with combination LLT. DISCUSSION: Similar to international data from the SANTORINI and INTERASPIRE studies, our study showed that only one-fourth of the very high-risk group and one-third of the high-risk group achieved their LDL-C targets. Potential reasons include lower use of combination therapy, poor health behaviors, and psychosocial factors. The variability in practice patterns across the Arabian Gulf and even among study sites is a limitation. CONCLUSION: Very high- and high-risk groups were less likely to achieve their LDL-C target. The low use of combination LLT, unhealthy lifestyle, and social factors in the Gulf region were the main reasons for such poor control. Strategies are needed to achieve current guideline-recommended LDL-C targets.
The Potential Role of Statins in Infective Endocarditis: A Meta-Analysis.
Hannachi N, Mariotti A, Camoin-Jau L
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 Mar · PMID 41926297 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Statins exhibit pleiotropic effects with potential benefits in several infectious diseases, but their role in infective endocarditis (IE) remains unclear. We evaluated the impact of statin use on the freque...
INTRODUCTION: Statins exhibit pleiotropic effects with potential benefits in several infectious diseases, but their role in infective endocarditis (IE) remains unclear. We evaluated the impact of statin use on the frequency of IE and on key clinical outcomes in patients with IE, specifically embolic events (EE) and mortality. METHODS: We conducted a meta-analysis in which the primary outcome was the frequency of IE among statin users compared with non-users. Secondary outcomes included EE and follow-up mortality (6 months to 1 year). RESULTS: Eleven observational studies, eight retrospective and three prospective, were included, comprising a total of 35,844 patients. The frequency of IE was significantly lower in patients receiving statins compared with non-users (odds ratio (OR): 0.52; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.34-0.80; P=0.003). Statin-treated IE patients also had fewer EE than non-users (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.26-0.96; P=0.04). Follow-up mortality was significantly reduced in IE patients using statins compared with non-users (hazard ratio (HR): 0.70; 95% CI: 0.61-0.80; P<0.00001). DISCUSSION: Statins exert anti-inflammatory, endothelial-stabilizing, and antithrombotic effects that counteract key pathological mechanisms underlying IE. In this meta-analysis, statin use was associated with a lower frequency of IE, fewer EE, and reduced follow-up mortality. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that statins may offer protective benefits against the incidence of IE and its complications. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution and highlight the need for further research.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Cardiovascular Disorders.
Manolis AS, Manolis AA, Manolis TA … +1 more , Vouliotis A
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 Mar · PMID 41863468 · Publisher ↗
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a significant global public health challenge, plagued by substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide; it is one of the main causes of death worldwide, especially dur...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a significant global public health challenge, plagued by substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide; it is one of the main causes of death worldwide, especially during episodes of severe exacerbation. There is a higher COPD burden noted in regions with high smoking prevalence, air pollution, and faster socioeconomic development. There is also a high number of cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities among these patients, pointing to a need for routine CV screening in such circumstances. These two diseases, COPD and CV disease (CVD), are associated via an intricate and multifactorial interplay characterized by convergent risk factors, systemic inflammation, and interlinked pathophysiological mechanisms, with atherosclerosis being a principal inflammatory process linking these two disorders, driven by systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Importantly, despite the fact that CVD is common in COPD, it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated due to overlapping respiratory and cardiac symptomatology. The latter issue is accentuated in the case of heart failure (HF) and coronary artery disease (CAD), whereby HF atypical symptoms may mimic the clinical picture of COPD exacerbation and CAD presenting with atypical symptomatology such as dyspnea on exertion and/or fatigue, which may point to HF/COPD worsening. Thus, a structured CV assessment and management following exacerbations of COPD is needed in order to identify CAD and/or other new heart disease in these patients and guide appropriate management. These issues are discussed with relevant metaanalyses and key guidelines tabulated, and the involved interrelated mechanisms are pictorially illustrated.
Cardiovascular Risks of Electronic Cigarettes: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Research Gaps.
Pratima P, Sinha AK, Kumar B
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 Feb · PMID 41755413 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Electronic cigarettes (ECs), or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), are increasingly promoted as safer alternatives to conventional cigarettes, especially among younger populations. However, concer...
INTRODUCTION: Electronic cigarettes (ECs), or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), are increasingly promoted as safer alternatives to conventional cigarettes, especially among younger populations. However, concerns remain regarding their cardiovascular effects. METHODS: This review synthesized evidence from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to examine the association between e-cigarette use and cardiovascular health. Eligible sources included observational studies, experimental research, and systematic reviews evaluating exposure to nicotine and other harmful compounds present in e-cigarettes. RESULTS: Evidence indicates that e-cigarette use exposes individuals to harmful chemicals such as nicotine and carbonyl compounds, which are linked to endothelial dysfunction, arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, and progression of atherosclerosis. While some studies suggest reduced exposure to ecigarettes compared with conventional smoking, measurable adverse cardiovascular outcomes remain significant. DISCUSSION: The findings suggest that although e-cigarettes may serve a role in harm reduction and smoking cessation, their potential to induce cardiovascular risk cannot be overlooked. Current evidence highlights both short-term vascular changes and possible long-term health consequences, though robust longitudinal data remain limited. CONCLUSION: E-cigarette use is associated with cardiovascular risks despite being marketed as a safer alternative to traditional smoking. There is an urgent need for comprehensive, long-term studies and public health initiatives to clarify these risks and guide appropriate regulatory policies.
Roles of Empagliflozin in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Review.
Luo H, Zhang N, Liu Y … +10 more , Pei C, Duan P, Lou X, Yu H, Lei Q, Zhao G, Wang M, Jiao Q, Gong W, Zhang X
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2025 · PMID 41601174 · Publisher ↗
Empagliflozin (EMPA), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), represents a novel therapeutic agent for diabetes management. Over the past decade, studies have consistently demonstrated that EMPA not only eff...
Empagliflozin (EMPA), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), represents a novel therapeutic agent for diabetes management. Over the past decade, studies have consistently demonstrated that EMPA not only effectively lowers blood glucose levels but also confers substantial cardiovascular benefits without inducing hypoglycemia. This holds for individuals with or without diabetes, highlighting EMPA's potential in mitigating the risk of adverse cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality. The underlying mechanisms driving these advantageous effects remain incompletely understood, with presently elucidated pathways encompassing blood pressure reduction, oxidative stress attenuation, anti-inflammatory properties, metabolic regulation, uric acid level modulation, inhibition of Na+/H+ exchangers, preservation of mitochondrial function, vascular protection, and regulation of myocardial autophagy. In this review, we considered the effects and mechanisms of EMPA in combating diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), underscoring its therapeutic relevance in addressing cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes.
Hellenic Postprandial Lipemia Study (HPLS): A Prospective Cohort Trial on the Effect of Statins on Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia.
Kolovou GD, Katsikas T, Kalogeropoulos P … +22 more , Panaretos D, Giannakopoulou V, Kolovou V, Iraklianou S, Limberi S, Giannaris V, Kounali A, Katsiki N, Perrea D, Anagnostopoulou K, Goumas G, Siami E, Kostakou P, Mikhailidis DP, Watts GF, Pérez-Martínez P, Lopez-Miranda J, Mora S, Nordestgaard B, Cokkinos DV, Tentolouris N, Bilianou H
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 Jan · PMID 41588896 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Both fasting and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The Hellenic Postprandial Lipemia Study (HPLS, NCT02163044) is the largest pr...
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Both fasting and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The Hellenic Postprandial Lipemia Study (HPLS, NCT02163044) is the largest prospective cohort trial assessing the effects of statin therapy on postprandial lipemia. METHODS: Individuals at high or very high risk for ASCVD were evaluated, and their characteristics were recorded at baseline (Visit 1). At Visit 2 (2-4 weeks after Visit 1) and Visit 3 (3-4 months after Visit 2), serum triglyceride (TG) levels were measured after a 12-hour fast (fTG) as well as 4 hours after the ingestion of a commercially available oral fat tolerance test meal (pTG). After Visit 2, all individuals were treated with a statin. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Among 900 participants, 699 completed all 3 visits, and of these, 209 (29.9%) had an abnormal pTG response. The mean (standard deviation, SD) total- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were 225 (50) and 148 (46) mg/dL at Visit 1, 231 (42) and 156 (40) mg/dL at Visit 2, and 171 (28) and 101 (27) mg/dL at Visit 3. At Visit 2, the mean fTG level was 127 (45) mg/dL and pTG was 188 (73) mg/dL with a mean difference of 58 mg/dL (P<0.001). At Visit 3, the mean fTG concentration was 110 (40) mg/dL, while pTG was 140 (54) mg/dL (mean difference: 29 mg/dL; P<0.001). Fasting glucose levels had no impact on pTG response in statin-treated individuals with abnormal postprandial lipemia. CONCLUSION: Nearly 30% of individuals at high-/very high-risk for ASCVD had postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. Statin treatment normalized abnormal postprandial lipemia in 75.6% of participants, and decreased pTG concentration even in those with normal fTG levels.
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Peripheral Arterial Disease: Associations and Treatment Considerations.
Polyzos SA, Orfanidou M, Kountouras J … +1 more , Goulas A
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 Jan · PMID 41582340 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are highly prevalent conditions that increase cardiovascular risk. This review aims to summarize curren...
INTRODUCTION: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are highly prevalent conditions that increase cardiovascular risk. This review aims to summarize current evidence on the association between MASLD and PAD, with a particular focus on clinical studies. A critical appraisal of this association will enhance understanding of MASLD as a multi-system disease and provide potential therapeutic implications. METHODS: A literature search was performed using the PubMed database. RESULTS: Both MASLD and PAD are multifactorial diseases that share common risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms. Most relevant clinical studies support an association between MASLD and PAD, particularly in the context of hepatic steatosis. Data regarding steatohepatitis or hepatic fibrosis are limited, largely due to the scarcity of studies with biopsy-proven MASLD. Management strategies for MASLD and PAD overlap, emphasizing lifestyle modifications such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation. Additionally, certain medications used for PAD (e.g., statins, aspirin) or under investigation for MASLD (e.g., glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dual and triple peptide agonists) may have beneficial effects on both conditions. DISCUSSION: Until clinical trials specifically evaluate medications for patients with concomitant MASLD and PAD, priority should be given to lifestyle interventions and the management of shared comorbidities, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which may confer benefits for both diseases. CONCLUSIONS: MASLD and PAD frequently coexist. Targeting both conditions is expected to reduce the elevated cardiovascular risk observed in patients affected by both MASLD and PAD.
Determinants of Early Atherosclerotic Changes in Adults with Growth Hormone Deficiency Receiving Replacement Therapy: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Intima-media Thickness and Endothelial Function.
Klinc A, Herman R, Kocjan T … +2 more , Janez A, Jensterle M
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2026 Jan · PMID 41542902 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Patients with adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) show accelerated atherosclerosis. While growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) may help mitigate this process, the mechanisms driving atherosclerosis pr...
BACKGROUND: Patients with adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) show accelerated atherosclerosis. While growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) may help mitigate this process, the mechanisms driving atherosclerosis progression in GHRT-treated patients with AGHD remain unclear. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with AGHD on daily GHRT for ≥5 years were assessed in this crosssectional study. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was evaluated by ultrasound. Reactive hyperemia index (RHI) was measured using peripheral arterial tonometry. Associations between vascular measures and clinical, pituitary, treatment, body composition, and laboratory parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: cIMT correlated with body mass index (r=0.584, p=0.001) and visceral adipose tissue area (r=0.791, p<0.001), while demonstrating nominally significant associations with triglyceride levels, insulin resistance index, smoking history, and arterial hypertension. Neither the current nor the 5-year mean insulin-like growth factor 1 standard deviation score directly correlated with vascular parameters. Median cIMT was higher in adult-onset compared with child-onset AGHD (0.70 vs. 0.58 mm; p=0.020), while median RHI was lower in genetic than structural etiology (1.58 vs. 2.18; p=0.010); however, both associations were nominally significant. DISCUSSION: Several of the identified cardiovascular risk factors associated with cIMT are unlikely to be sufficiently controlled through GHRT. Pituitary disease characteristics may play a role in atherogenesis; however, the subgroups defined by disease onset timing and etiology were small and not fully comparable. CONCLUSION: In long-term GHRT-treated patients, cIMT is linked to well-established cardiovascular risk factors rather than features of the pituitary disorder and its management, highlighting the need for targeted cardiovascular risk management alongside GHRT in AGHD.
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