Current Vascular Pharmacology[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Delineating the NOX-Mediated Promising Therapeutic Strategies for the Management of Various Cardiovascular Disorders: A Comprehensive Review.
Upadhyay RK, Kumar K, Vishwakarma VK … +8 more , Singh N, Narang R, Parakh N, Yadav M, Yadav S, Kumar S, Goyal A, Yadav HN
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2025 · PMID 39313896 · Publisher ↗
Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are reported to occur with very high rates of incidence and exhibit high morbidity and mortality rates across the globe. Therefore, research is focused on searching for novel therapeutic t...
Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are reported to occur with very high rates of incidence and exhibit high morbidity and mortality rates across the globe. Therefore, research is focused on searching for novel therapeutic targets involving multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the development and progression of various CVDs, such as hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, ischemia- reperfusion injury, and myocardial infarction. Among multiple pathways generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases of the NOX family as the major source of ROS generation and plays an intricate role in the development and progression of CVDs. Therefore, exploring the role of different NADPH oxidase isoforms in various cardiovascular pathologies has attracted attention to current cardiovascular research. Focusing on NADPH oxidases to reduce oxidative stress in managing diverse CVDs may offer unique therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat various heart conditions. The current review article highlights the role of different NADPH oxidase isoforms in the pathophysiology of various CVDs. Moreover, the focus is also to emphasize different experimental studies that utilized various NADPH oxidase isoform modulators to manage other disorders. The present review article considers new avenues for researchers/scientists working in the field of cardiovascular pharmacology utilizing NADPH oxidase isoform modulators.
Current Strategies for Atrial Fibrillation Prevention and Management: Taming the Commonest Cardiac Arrhythmia.
Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Manolis AS
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2025 · PMID 39313895 · Publisher ↗
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest cardiac arrhythmia, constituting a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with an age-dependent incidence and prevalence ranging from 1-2% in the general population to ~10% in p...
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest cardiac arrhythmia, constituting a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with an age-dependent incidence and prevalence ranging from 1-2% in the general population to ~10% in persons aged >60 years. The global prevalence of AF is rapidly increasing, mostly due to the aging population. If not properly and timely managed, this arrhythmia adversely affects left ventricular function, increases the risk of stroke five-fold, impairs quality of life, and shortens longevity. There is a genetic, hence non-modifiable, predisposition to the arrhythmia, while several life-style and cardiometabolic inciting factors, such as hypertension, heart failure, coronary disease, metabolic syndrome, alcohol use, and thyroid disorders, can be addressed, attesting to the importance of a holistic approach to its management. Thromboembolism is a serious consequence of AF, which could lead to a disabling stroke or have a lethal outcome. The risk of a thromboembolic complication can be estimated as based on a scoring system that takes into consideration the patient's age, previous thromboembolic events, and clinical comorbidities. In addition, rapid AF could affect cardiac performance, leading to an elusive type of arrhythmia- induced cardiomyopathy and heart failure with grave consequences if undetected and untreated. Furthermore, AF may cause silent brain infarcts and/or its hemodynamic perturbations can account for a type of dementia that needs to be taken into account, emphasizing the need for AF screening and prevention strategies. All these issues are herein detailed, the causes of the arrhythmia are tabulated, and an algorithm illustrates our current approach to its management.
Antihypertensive Effects of SGLT2-Inhibitors: Considerations for Clinical Practice.
Da Porto A, Bulfone L, Sechi L
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2024 · PMID 39300714 · Publisher ↗
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Comparison of Amiodarone Loading Dosage in the Treatment of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation: High Versus Standard Dose Treatment.
Sarıçam E, Öcal A, Iscanlı MD … +3 more , Bozkurt E, Ilkay E, Cantekin ÖF
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2024 · PMID 39219115 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is associated with poor outcomes, including hemodynamic instability, stroke, myocardial infarction, and death. In hemodynamic stable patients, the rhythm-control strat...
BACKGROUND: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is associated with poor outcomes, including hemodynamic instability, stroke, myocardial infarction, and death. In hemodynamic stable patients, the rhythm-control strategy is more advantageous than rate control. Current standard intravenous amiodarone administration has limited success and a delayed effect; the acute success rate is 44% (8-12 h to several days). PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of higher amiodarone loading dosage to restore sinus rhythm in patients with POAF after noncardiac surgery. METHODS: This is a prospective, randomized, controlled single-center study. The study included 39 patients with POAF, divided into group I (n=27) (intravenous 600 mg amiodarone loading dosage over 2 h and infusion of 50 mg/h over a 24-h period) and group II (n=12) (standard protocol; 300 mg of bolus intravenously in 30 min and infusion of 50 mg/h over a 24-h period). The primary endpoint of the study was a restoration of sinus rhythm at the 24th hour. RESULTS: Baseline clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic characteristics of both groups were similar. The patients with higher loading amiodarone dosage had earlier restoration of sinus rhythm (2.38 ± 1.41 vs 8.66 ± 2.87 h, respectively; p=0.015). There was no significant difference in achieving sinus rhythm at the 24th hour between both groups. CONCLUSION: Higher loading amiodarone dosage increased early conversions to sinus rhythm compared with standard amiodarone protocol in patients with POAF.
Proposal of a Modified Classification of Hypertensive Crises: Urgency, Impending Emergency, and Emergency.
Koracevic G, Stojanovic M, Zdravkovic M … +3 more , Lovic D, Simic D, Mladenovic K
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2024 · PMID 39188222 · Publisher ↗
Systemic arterial hypertension (HTN) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality, and HTN crises contribute significantly to an unfavourable clinical course. For decades, HTN crises have been dichotomized into hypertens...
Systemic arterial hypertension (HTN) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality, and HTN crises contribute significantly to an unfavourable clinical course. For decades, HTN crises have been dichotomized into hypertensive emergency (HTN-E) and hypertensive urgency (HTN-U). The main difference between the two is the presence of acute hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) - if HMOD is present, HTN crisis is HTN-E; if not, it is HTN-U. Patients with HTN-E are in a life-threatening situation. They are hospitalized and receive antihypertensive drugs intravenously (IV). On the other hand, patients with HTN-U are usually not hospitalized and receive their antihypertensives orally. We suggest a modification of the current risk stratification scheme for patients with HTN crises. The new category would be the intermediate risk group, more precisely the 'impending HTN-E' group, with a higher risk in comparison to HTN-U and a lower risk than HTN-E. 'Impending HMOD' means that HMOD has not occurred (yet), and the prognosis is, therefore, better than in patients with ongoing HMOD. There are three main reasons to classify patients as having impending HTN-E: excessively elevated BP, high-risk comorbidities, and ongoing bleeding/high bleeding risk. Their combinations are probable. This approach may enable us to prevent some HTNEs by avoiding acute HMOD using a timely blood pressure treatment. This treatment should be prompt but controlled.
Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention - Is Resmetirom Useful?
Borozan S, Vujosevic S, Mikhailidis DP … +1 more , Muzurovic E
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2025 · PMID 39129278 · Publisher ↗
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Statins, Venous Thromboembolism and Cardiovascular Events.
Tsiantoula P, Papaioannou V, Giannakopoulos NN … +1 more , Papas TT
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2024 · PMID 39092737 · Publisher ↗
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Energy Metabolism Dysregulation in Myocardial Infarction: An Integrative Analysis of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy.
Wang Z, Xie Z, Li T … +3 more , Chen R, Zeng Z, Guo J
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2025 · PMID 39069811 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Myocardial metabolism is closely related to functional changes after myocardial infarction (MI). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to present an integrative examination of human ischemic cardiomyopathy. METHODS: We...
BACKGROUND: Myocardial metabolism is closely related to functional changes after myocardial infarction (MI). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to present an integrative examination of human ischemic cardiomyopathy. METHODS: We used both GSE121893 single-cell suspension sequencing and GSE19303 transcription microarray data sets from the GEO database, along with a murine MI model for full-spectrum metabolite detection. Through a systematic investigation that involved differential metabolite identification and functional enrichment analysis, we shed light on the pivotal role of energy metabolism dysregulation in the progression of MI. RESULTS: Our findings revealed an association between the core regulatory genes CDKN1A, FOS, ITGB4, and MAP2K1 and the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. These genes are identified as critical elements in the complex landscape of myocardial ischemic disorder, highlighting novel insights into therapeutic targets and the intricate biological mechanisms involved. CONCLUSION: This analysis provides a framework for future research on the metabolic alterations associated with MI.
Assessment of Early Vascular Aging Ambulatory Score (EVAAs): A Large Population-based External Validation Study.
Antza C, Potoupni V, Akrivos E … +2 more , Stabouli S, Kotsis V
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2024 · PMID 39021179 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) remains the gold-standard method to assess Early Vascular Aging (EVA) defined by arterial stiffness. However, its high cost, time-consuming process, and need for qualified medical st...
BACKGROUND: Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) remains the gold-standard method to assess Early Vascular Aging (EVA) defined by arterial stiffness. However, its high cost, time-consuming process, and need for qualified medical staff shows the importance of identifying alternative methods for the EVA evaluation. OBJECTIVE: In order to simplify the process of assessing patient's EVA, we recently developed the Early Vascular Aging Ambulatory score (EVAAs), a simple tool to predict the risk of EVA. The aim of the present study was the external validation of EVAAs in an independent population. METHODS: Eight hundred seventy-nine (46.3% men) patients who were referred to our Hypertension ESH Excellence Center were included in this study. The mean age was 46.43 ± 22.87 years. EVA was evaluated in two different ways. The first assessment included c-f PWV values, whereas the second one included EVAAs without the direct measurement of carotid-femoral PWV. RESULTS: The null hypothesis was that the prediction of EVA based on EVAAs does not present any statistically significant difference compared to the prediction based on the calculation from c-f PWV. Mean squared error (MSE) was used for the assessment of the null hypothesis, which was found to be 0.40. The results revealed that the EVAAs shows the probability of EVA with 0.98 sensitivity and 0.75 specificity. The EVAAs present 95% positive predictive value and 92% negative predictive value. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that EVAAs could be as reliable as the carotid-femoral PWV to identify patients with EVA. Hence, we hope that EVAAs will be a useful tool in clinical practice.
Roles of MDA-LDL/OX-LDL/LOX-1 and TNF-α/TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Myocardial Damage by Implantations of Cardiac Pacemakers in Elderly Patients.
Li X, Zhou W, Guo D … +3 more , Hu Y, Zhou H, Chen Y
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2024 · PMID 38920075 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Permanent pacemakers are an established treatment for sick sinus syndrome and high-grade atrioventricular block. Permanent cardiac pacemaker implantations may damage the myocardium. OBJECTIVE: This study ev...
INTRODUCTION: Permanent pacemakers are an established treatment for sick sinus syndrome and high-grade atrioventricular block. Permanent cardiac pacemaker implantations may damage the myocardium. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated markers of myocardial injury, oxidative stress and inflammation in elderly patients with permanent pacemaker implantations. METHODS: Various markers were measured at 1, 2, 3 and 4 months after permanent pacemaker implantations in elderly patients. RESULTS: The levels of high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were increased in 2-month group compared with control and 1- month groups (P<0.001), and were further increased at 4-month group compared with 2- and 3- month groups after pacemaker implantations (P<0.001). Patients with dual-chamber pacemakers had higher levels of hsTnT, LOX-1, MDA-LDL, OX-LDL, TNF-α, TLR4 and NF-κB than patients with single chamber pacemakers (P<0.001). Patients who underwent the pacemakers with the active fixation leads had raised levels of hsTnT, LOX-1, MDA-LDL, OX-LDL, TNF-α, TLR4 and NF-κB compared patients with pacemakers using the passive fixation leads (P<0.001). Myocardial blood flows in 3-month and 4-month groups were lower than 1-month and 2-month groups (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Levels of hsTnT, LOX-1, MDA-LDL, OX-LDL, TNF-α, TLR4 and NF-κB were elevated in elderly patients with permanent pacemaker implantations and the activations of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signalling pathways may be associated with myocardial damages and ischemia after pacemaker implantations in elderly patients.
Identification of Vascular Genes Differentially Expressed in the Brain of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.
Jara-Medina K, Lillo L, Lagunas C … +2 more , Cabello-Guzmán G, Valenzuela-Melgarejo FJ
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2024 · PMID 38910465 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) plays a prominent role as the most common form of dementia. Moreover, the traditional mechanism of AD does not explain the microvascular damage observed in about 25-30 years between t...
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) plays a prominent role as the most common form of dementia. Moreover, the traditional mechanism of AD does not explain the microvascular damage observed in about 25-30 years between the onset of AD, which results in late application treatment that inhibits or delays neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to identify differentially expressed genes in human brain samples associated with vascular disruption in AD. METHODS: We analyzed 1633 post-mortem brain samples in the GEO database and, after applying clinical and bioinformatic exclusion criteria, worked with 581 prefrontal and frontal samples. All datasets were analyzed using GEO2R from NCBI. We identified common genes using the Venny tool, and their metabolic relevance associated with AD and the vascular system was analyzed using MetaboAnalyst tools. RESULTS: Our bioinformatic analysis identified PRKCB, MAP2K2, ADCY1, GNA11, GNAQ, PRKACB, KCNMB4, CALD1, and GNAS as potentially involved in AD pathogenesis. These genes are associated with signal transductions, cell death signaling, and cytoskeleton, suggesting potential modulation of cellular physiology, including endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial activity. CONCLUSION: This study generates hypotheses regarding the roles of novel genes over critical pathways relevant to AD and its relation with vascular dysfunction. These findings suggest potential new targets for further investigation into the pathogenesis of dementia and AD.
MiR-199a-5p Deficiency Promotes Artery Restenosis in Peripheral Artery Disease by Regulating ASMCs Function Targeting HIF-1α and E2F3.
Liu D, Jing Y, Peng G … +4 more , Wei L, Zheng L, Chang G, Wang M
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2024 · PMID 38910413 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Restenosis (RS) poses a significant concern, leading to recurrent ischemia and the potential for amputation following intraluminal angioplasty in the treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD). Through micr...
BACKGROUND: Restenosis (RS) poses a significant concern, leading to recurrent ischemia and the potential for amputation following intraluminal angioplasty in the treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD). Through microRNA microarray analysis, the study detected a significant downregulation of miR-199a-5p within arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) associated with RS. OBJECTIVE: This research aims to explore the possible function and the underlying mechanisms of miR-199a-5p in the context of RS. METHODS: Primary ASMCs were extracted from the femoral arteries of both healthy individuals and patients with PAD or RS. The expression levels of miR-199a-5p were assessed using both qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization techniques. To examine the impacts of miR-199a-5p, a series of experiments were performed, including flow cytometry, TUNEL assay, EdU assay, CCK8 assay, Transwell assay, and wound closure assay. A rat carotid balloon injury model was employed to elucidate the mechanism through which miR-199a-5p mitigated neointimal hyperplasia. RESULTS: MiR-199a-5p exhibited downregulation in RS patients and was predominantly expressed within ASMCs. Elevated the expression of miR-199a-5p resulted in an inhibitory effect of proliferation and migration in ASMCs. Immunohistochemistry and a dual-luciferase reporter assay uncovered that RS exhibited elevated expression levels of both HIF-1α and E2F3, and they were identified as target genes regulated by miR-199a-5p. The co-transfection of lentiviruses carrying HIF-1α and E2F3 alongside miR-199a-5p further elucidated their role in the cellular responses mediated by miR-199a-5p. , the delivery of miR-199a-5p lentivirus led to the mitigation of neointimal formation following angioplasty, achieved by targeting HIF-1α and E2F3. CONCLUSION: MiR-199a-5p exhibits promise as a prospective therapeutic target for RS since it alleviates the condition by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of ASMCs its regulation of HIF-1α and E2F3.
Bosentan and Pulmonary Hypertension Caused by COVID-19: A Pilot Randomized Double-blind Clinical Study.
Shokrollahi F, Pazoki A, Allami A … +2 more , Aliakbari S, Ardali KR
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2024 · PMID 38874033 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the biggest pandemic in history, with severe complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary hypertension (PH). An endothelin-...
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the biggest pandemic in history, with severe complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary hypertension (PH). An endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptor antagonist, such as bosentan, may be beneficial in treating elevated ET-1 levels. Hence, our study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of bosentan in patients with COVID-19-induced PH. METHODS: A single-centre, randomized, double-blind study involving 72 participants was carried out; 36 received bosentan and the other 36 received a placebo. Pulmonary arterial pressure, tricuspid valve pressure gradient, and right atrial pressure were measured using echocardiography. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to investigate the impact of bosentan and patients' age on mortality during a 6-month follow-up period. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was significantly lower in the case group (13%) compared with the control group (33.3%) (P=0.003). Additionally, bosentan improved echocardiographic parameters, such as systolic pulmonary artery pressure and tricuspid regurgitation gradient (P=0.011 and P=0.003, respectively). Bosentan use was a significant predictor of long-term mortality rates for 600 days [age-adjusted hazard ratio of 5.24 (95% CI 1.34 to 20.46)]. CONCLUSION: This study provided a mixed perspective on the use of bosentan therapy in patients with COVID-19-related PH. Bosentan effectively reduced in-hospital mortality and improved echocardiographic measures. However, the treatment group showed an increased requirement for supplemental oxygen therapy and long-term mortality. Further studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to elucidate the effects of bosentan in PH following COVID-19.
Antiplatelet Effect of Low-Dose Prasugrel in Elderly Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions.
Verdoia M, Nardin M, Gioscia R … +2 more , Rognoni A, De Luca G
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2024 · PMID 38847250 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Low-dose prasugrel (5 mg) has been proposed for patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and advanced age or low body weight. However, the routine use of dose-adjusted prasugrel in this high-risk subset of...
BACKGROUND: Low-dose prasugrel (5 mg) has been proposed for patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and advanced age or low body weight. However, the routine use of dose-adjusted prasugrel in this high-risk subset of patients is still debated. AIM: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of HRPR among elderly patients treated with low-dose (5 mg) prasugrel to evaluate the routine use of dose-adjusted prasugrel in this high-risk subset of patients. METHODS: We included 59 elderly patients (≥75 years) treated with Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT: acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) 100-160 mg + prasugrel 5 mg) after Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (PCI) and undergoing platelet function assessment (by whole blood impedance aggregometry) 30-90 days post-discharge. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 43 days (interquartile range-IQR: 32-54), high-on treatment residual platelet reactivity (HRPR) occurred in 25 patients (42.4%), who displayed a greater body mass index (BMI) (p=0.02), lower levels of vitamin D (p=0.05) and were more frequently treated with nitrates (p=0.03). After multivariate analysis, BMI was the only independent predictor of prasugrel HRPR, and a BMI >26 was the best cut-off for predicting HRPR (adjusted Odds Ratio - OR=8.6, 95%CI: 2.2-33.9, p=0.002). CONCLUSION: Among elderly patients receiving DAPT after PCI, HRPR is common with low-dose prasugrel. A greater BMI, especially for values ≥26, is the only independent predictor of HRPR with prasugrel 5 mg.
Chronic Administration of Red Yeast Rice Mitigates Endothelial Dysfunction in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Uncoupling.
Tan JJ, Murugan DD, Ling WC … +2 more , Lee SK, Kang WH
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2024 · PMID 38847159 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction. An imbalance in the production of Nitric Oxide (NO) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), leading to impaired NO-cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) pat...
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction. An imbalance in the production of Nitric Oxide (NO) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), leading to impaired NO-cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) pathway, contributes to this disorder. Red Yeast Rice (RYR), produced from the fermentation of rice with Monascus purpureus, is a traditional functional food originating from China. Although recognized for its anti-dyslipidemia properties, there has been growing evidence regarding the anti-hypertensive effects of RYR. However, these studies only focused on its direct and short-term effects. AIM: This study aims to investigate the vasoprotective effects of chronic oral RYR administration using Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: SHR were randomly divided into 3 groups: SHR - Control; SHR - RYR extract (100 mg/kg/day); SHR - lovastatin (10 mg/kg/day). Wistar-Kyoto Rats (WKY) were used as normotensive controls. All animals were treated for 12 weeks by oral gavage. Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) was measured weekly (tail-cuff method). Vascular reactivity was determined using isolated rat aortic rings in an organ bath. Aortic ROS, NO, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), and cGMP levels were evaluated. RESULTS: Administration of RYR attenuated SBP elevation and enhanced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in aortic rings. In addition, RYR decreased ROS production and significantly improved the level of vascular NO, BH4, and cGMP. CONCLUSION: In an SHR model, treatment with RYR for 12 weeks exerts an SBP lowering effect that can be attributed to improved vascular function via reduction of oxidative stress, decreased endothelial NO Synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and enhanced NO-cGMP pathway.
Neovascularization as a Leading Mechanism of Intraplaque Hemorrhage and Carotid Plaque Destabilization: A Narrative Review.
Migdalski A, Jawien A
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2024 · PMID 38818913 · Publisher ↗
Intraplaque neovascularization (IPN) is considered a leading mechanism causing carotid plaque destabilization. We provide an objective and comprehensive summary of the biology, imaging techniques, and treatment options r...
Intraplaque neovascularization (IPN) is considered a leading mechanism causing carotid plaque destabilization. We provide an objective and comprehensive summary of the biology, imaging techniques, and treatment options related to carotid IPN. Plaque neovascularization has been reported to originate mainly from the adventitial vasa vasorum as a response to hypoxia. The leakage and rupture of neovessels lead to the formation of extravasations and foci of inflammation that destabilize the plaque. Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors are key regulators of neoangiogenesis. Neovascularization can be analyzed by advanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The basic tools for the ultrasound assessment of IPN are contrast-enhanced ultrasound, superb microvascular imaging, and ultrasound molecular imaging. A promising direction of research seems to be the identification of patients with advanced plaque neovascularization. A simple test assessing low-velocity flow in the IPN can detect patients at risk of stroke before they experience rupture of defective neovessels and intracerebral embolism. In addition to surgical treatment, the stabilization of carotid atherosclerotic plaque can be supported pharmacologically. Statins have the best-documented role in this respect. The ideal moment of intensified therapeutic intervention in patients with previously stable carotid plaque is its increased neovascularization. However, the time frame in which intracerebral embolization may occur is unknown, and therapeutic intervention may be too late. The formation of deficient neovessels can currently be non-invasively evaluated with ultrasound. Superb microvascular imaging may change the clinical approach for asymptomatic patients at risk of cerebral ischemia.
Cardioprotective Effects of Exercise: The Role of Irisin and Exosome.
Wang Y, Yang Y, Song Y
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2024 · PMID 38808716 · Publisher ↗
Exercise is an effective measure for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, although the exact molecular mechanism remains unknown. Previous studies have shown that both irisin and exosomes can improve the cour...
Exercise is an effective measure for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, although the exact molecular mechanism remains unknown. Previous studies have shown that both irisin and exosomes can improve the course of cardiovascular disease independently. Therefore, it is speculated that the cardiovascular protective effect of exercise is also related to its ability to regulate the concentrations of irisin and exosomes in the circulatory system. In this review, the potential synergistic interactions between irisin and exosomes are examined, as well as the underlying mechanisms including the AMPK/PI3K/AKT pathway, the TGFβ1/Smad2/3 pathway, the PI3K/AKT/VEGF pathway, and the PTEN/PINK1/Parkin pathway are examined. This paper provides evidence to propose that exercise promotes the release of exosomes enriched with irisin, miR-486-5p and miR-342-5p from skeletal muscles, which results in the activation protective networks in the cardiovascular system. Moreover, the potential synergistic effect in exosomal cargo can provide new ideas for clinical research of exercise mimics.
Gut Microbiota Modulation by Selenium and Zinc Enrichment Postbiotic on Dysbiosis Associated with Hypertension.
Dinu LD, Gatea F, Matei F … +2 more , Banciu C, Vamanu E
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2024 · PMID 38779729 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Targeting gut dysbiosis to treat chronic diseases or to alleviate the symptoms is a new direction for medical adjuvant therapies. Recently, postbiotics have received considerable attention as they are non-via...
BACKGROUND: Targeting gut dysbiosis to treat chronic diseases or to alleviate the symptoms is a new direction for medical adjuvant therapies. Recently, postbiotics have received considerable attention as they are non-viable probiotic preparations that confer various health benefits to the host without the safety problems associated with using live microbial cells. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to obtain selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) enriched postbiotic biomass and to analyze its modulation effect because these minerals play an important role in reducing gut dysbiosis linked to cardiovascular (CV) diseases. METHOD: The effect of the and Se/Zn enriched yeast postbiotics on CV microbial fingerprint was studied using the gastrointestinal system (GIS 1) and analyzed by microbiological, chemical, and qPCR methods. RESULT: There was a 2.2 log CFU/mL increase in the total bacterial load after SeZn postbiotic treatment and in the qPCR counts of Firmicutes phyla for both treatments. Beneficial taxa, spp. and spp., as well as spp. were up to 1.5 log higher after mineral- enriched postbiotic application, while the acetic acid level increased. CONCLUSION: These preliminary studies highlight the therapeutic potential of using Se/Zn enriched yeast postbiotics as adjuvants for clinical treatments of CV diseases.
Burden of Ischemic Heart Diseases among US States from 1990-2019.
Abughazaleh S, Obeidat O, Tarawneh M … +3 more , Al-Ani H, Nawaiseh AA, Ismail MF
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2024 · PMID 38706361 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is a leading cause of global mortality, including in the United States. Understanding the burden of IHD in the United States is crucial for informed decision-making and targeted i...
BACKGROUND: Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is a leading cause of global mortality, including in the United States. Understanding the burden of IHD in the United States is crucial for informed decision-making and targeted interventions aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality associated with this leading cause of death. This study aimed to understand the burden of IHD, identify gender disparities and risk factors, explore the relationship between socioeconomic growth and IHD, and analyze risk factor distribution across the states of the United States. METHODS: This study utilized data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019, which provided comprehensive information on IHD from 1990 to 2019. Data related to IHD from these years were extracted using a query tool from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) website. The study assessed the relationship between IHD and socioeconomic development using the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and measured the overall impact of IHD using Disability-adjusted Life Years (DALYs), considering premature death and disability. Additionally, the study analyzed the burden of IHD attributed to six main risk factors. Data analysis involved comparing prevalence, mortality, SDI, DALYs, attributable burden, and risk estimation among the states. RESULTS: Between 1990 and 2019, there was an improvement in socioeconomic development in all states. Age-standardized rates of disease burden for IHD decreased by 50% [ASDR 3278.3 to 1629.4 (95% UI: 1539.9-1712.3) per 100,000] with the most significant decline observed in Minnesota. Males had higher burden rates than females in all states, and the southeast region had the highest mortality rates. The prevalence of IHD showed a declining trend, with approximately 8.9 million cases (95% UI: 8.0 million to 9.8 million) in 2019, representing a 37.1% decrease in the Age-standardized Prevalence Rate (ASPR) from 1990. Metabolic risks were the leading contributors to the disease burden, accounting for 50% of cases, with Mississippi having the highest attributable risk. Arkansas had the highest attributable risk for high cholesterol and smoking. Conversely, Minnesota had the lowest burden of IHD among all the states. CONCLUSION: This study highlights variations in the burden of IHD across US states and emphasizes the need for tailored prevention programs to address specific risk factors and gender differences. Understanding the trend in IHD may inform policymakers and healthcare professionals in effectively allocating resources to reduce the burden of IHD and improve national health outcomes.
Association between Dietary Vitamin E Intake and the Risk of Hypertension in US Adults.
Liu C, Liang D
Curr Vasc Pharmacol · 2024 · PMID 38693746 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that Vitamin E (VitE) intake has beneficial effects on human health, but the relationship between VitE intake and Blood Pressure (BP) is not well understood. Thus, our present study ai...
BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that Vitamin E (VitE) intake has beneficial effects on human health, but the relationship between VitE intake and Blood Pressure (BP) is not well understood. Thus, our present study aimed to assess the relationship between VitE intake and hypertension, systolic and diastolic BP in US (United States) adults. METHOD: We used data from the 2003-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted multivariate regression analysis, subgroup analysis, and Restricted Cubic Splines (RCS) were used to explore the independent associations between VitE intake and hypertension, systolic and diastolic BP. A total of 32,371 participants were included in this study. The mean VitE intake of participants was 8.50 ± 0.08 mg/d. The prevalence of hypertension in subjects was 37.76% and it decreased with increasing VitE intake quartiles (quartile 1: 40.97%, quartile 2: 37.60%, quartile 3: 37.47%, quartile 4: 35.66%). A significant negative correlation was found between VitE intake and hypertension. RESULT: We also observed a significant negative association between VitE intake and systolic BP (model 1: β = -0.11, 95% CI: -0.15 ~ -0.07; model 2: β = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.12 ~ -0.05; and model 3: β = -0.05, 95% CI: -0.10 ~ -0.01). Quartile 2 of dietary VitE intake significantly correlated to a lower diastolic BP compared to the lowest quartile of VitE intake (model 3: β = -0.72, 95%CI: -1.26~-0.18). CONCLUSION: In US adults, VitE intake has not been significantly found to be associated with hypertension, but it has been found to exhibit a negative association with both systolic and diastolic BP in US adults.
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