Journal Of Cancer Research And Clinical Oncology[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Health economic evaluation of Mirvetuximab soravtansine for the treatment of FRα-positive, platinum resistant ovarian cancer in Germany.
Janke FF, Baldessarini RJ, Bauerschlag D … +2 more , Zibolka S, Hartmann M
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42162501 · Full text
PURPOSE: Mirvetuximab soravtansine (MIRV) is an antibody-drug conjugate targeting the folate receptor α (FRα), approved for FRα-positive platinum-resistant ovarian cancer based on improved progression-free and overall su...
PURPOSE: Mirvetuximab soravtansine (MIRV) is an antibody-drug conjugate targeting the folate receptor α (FRα), approved for FRα-positive platinum-resistant ovarian cancer based on improved progression-free and overall survival and higher response rates compared with standard therapy in the MIRASOL trial. The aim of the present study was to provide a health economic evaluation of MIRV from the perspective of the statutory health insurance in Germany. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A Markov state-transition model with three health states (stable, progressive, dead) was used with a time horizon of fives years. Transition probabilities were derived from published Kaplan-Meier survival curves of the MIRASOL trial. Direct costs and literature-based utilities were applied. Cost-effectiveness was assessed using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and the incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR). Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses addressed the uncertainty of the model. In the base case, MIRV resulted in an incremental gain of 0.408 life years (LYs) or 0.226 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared to standard therapy. Incremental costs of €128,338.84 were incurred. This resulted in an ICER of €314,753.36 per additional LYs and €567,734.77 per QALY. All analyzed scenarios exceeded the defined threshold, of three times the German gross domestic product per capita, with the drug price having the greatest influence. CONCLUSION: MIRV is highly likely to be a more effective treatment option than the chemotherapies currently available for patients with FRα-positive, platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, as approximately 75-90% of ovarian cancers are FRα-positive. However, in the current circumstances, MIRV is unlikely to be considered cost-effective within the German healthcare context without reduction in the drug price.
Malignant uterine PEComa: a narrative literature review and challenging case report.
Maiorano MFP, Sorino J, Della Mura M … +7 more , Di Nanni D, Cazzato G, Rizzo A, D'Oronzo S, Cerbone M, Cicinelli E, Marinaccio M
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42159787 · Publisher ↗
Uterine perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are exceptional mesenchymal neoplasms of the gynecologic tract that often mimic common uterine lesions and lack pathognomonic clinical or radiologic features. We rep...
Uterine perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are exceptional mesenchymal neoplasms of the gynecologic tract that often mimic common uterine lesions and lack pathognomonic clinical or radiologic features. We report a malignant uterine PEComa in a 44-year-old woman presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding and pelvic pain. Preoperative imaging suggested a fibroid, but definitive diagnosis followed hysterectomy: in fact, histopathology showed epithelioid cells arranged around a rich vasculature with high-grade cytologic atypia, brisk mitotic activity, and necrosis, all features consistent with malignant behavior. Subsequent immunophenotyping demonstrated co-expression of melanocytic and smooth-muscle markers. The disease was organ-confined; no adjuvant therapy was administered, and the patient remains disease-free at 24 months under structured surveillance. To contextualize this case, we conducted a narrative review of the literature through October 2025, synthesizing epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, histology, treatment, and outcomes of uterine PEComas. Evidence supports complete surgical excision as the cornerstone of management for localized disease. For advanced or recurrent tumors, inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) represent a rational option given frequent dysregulation of this pathway. Overall, malignant uterine PEComa requires multidisciplinary evaluation, pathology-driven diagnosis, and long-term follow-up; accumulating case-based evidence is refining risk stratification and informing the selective use of targeted therapies.
Basal cell subsets, as biomarker to predict the therapeutic effect of neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal carcinoma.
Xin X, Lu J, Zhang X … +6 more , Zhang J, Li Y, Xu X, Li J, Gong L, Lu Q
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42151650 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: At present, neoadjuvant therapy before surgery has important application prospects in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA). However, there is still a lack of effective biomarkers to predict the prognosis of neoadjuvan...
BACKGROUND: At present, neoadjuvant therapy before surgery has important application prospects in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA). However, there is still a lack of effective biomarkers to predict the prognosis of neoadjuvant therapy for ESCA. METHOD: We analyzed tumor and paired adjacent tissues from 22 stage II-IV ESCA patients (21 ESCC and 1 esophageal adenosquamous carcinoma, EASC) who received neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy (anti-PD-1 antibody plus platinum and albumin-bound paclitaxel) at Tangdu Hospital. The R package "CellChat" was used to analyze cell-cell communication of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Basal cell subsets were identified and quantified using "Seurat", and their correlations with pathological response were calculated. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using "Seurat", and 27 non-redundant DEGs were further annotated using the TIMER database. RESULT: It was found that the intercellular communication between basal cells and other cells was gradually weakened in incomplete pathological response (IPR), major pathological response (MPR), and pathological complete response (pCR). Specifically, Basal3 and Basal8 subsets exhibited strong correlations with pCR, while the Basal7 subgroup was highly correlated with IPR. Further TIMER analysis of the top 10 genes in these subsets indicated that ATF3 and JUN impacted ESCA survival. CONCLUSION: In summary, our study found cellular characteristics of different subsets of basal cells in ESCA patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy, and found that the subsets associated with poor efficacy were Basal7, and the subsets associated with good efficacy were Basal3 and Basal8, which provided possible biomarkers for neoadjuvant therapy of esophageal carcinoma in the future.
Evaluating reasoning models for therapy recommendations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: expert and LLM-based evaluations of OpenAI o1 and DeepSeek-R1.
Harbrücker M, Menge F, Taebi A … +7 more , Nörenberg D, Speer T, Reißfelder C, Hohenberger P, Jakob J, Li C, Yang C
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42151588 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate two advanced reasoning LLMs in generating treatment recommendations for real-world gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cases and assess their concordance with multidisciplinary team...
PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate two advanced reasoning LLMs in generating treatment recommendations for real-world gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cases and assess their concordance with multidisciplinary team (MDT) decisions at a certified tertiary sarcoma center. METHODS: Sixty-five real-world GIST cases from a tertiary sarcoma center were used to compare two advanced reasoning models-OpenAI o1 and DeepSeek-R1. Recommendations were generated using a multi-expert prompting strategy with current clinical guidelines as context. Five sarcoma specialists and an independent LLM (Mistral AI) evaluated alignment with MDT decisions and guideline concordance. RESULTS: OpenAI o1 achieved higher concordance with MDT decisions than DeepSeek-R1 (76.9% vs. 53.8%, p < 0.001) and more recommendations aligned with either MDT or guidelines (80.0% vs. 63.1%, p = 0.005). Inter-rater reliability among human evaluators was excellent (ICC = 0.929). The LLM judge's evaluations showed moderate agreement with human assessments (κ = 0.647). OpenAI o1 responses were significantly longer than those of DeepSeek-R1 and MDT records. CONCLUSIONS: OpenAI o1 outperformed DeepSeek-R1 in generating clinically relevant GIST therapy recommendations. The study highlights the feasibility of using LLMs both as decision support tools and as evaluators ("LLM-as-a-judge") in oncology, while emphasizing the need for expert oversight in clinical deployment.
When the tumor shrinks but the burden may persist: redefining therapeutic success in tenosynovial giant cell tumor.
Ke Q, Zhou S
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42151515 · Full text
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Self-reported awareness of the prevention and early detection of oral cancer: a survey of 50+ year old people in Germany.
Felgendreff L, Baumann E, Habig S … +4 more , Scharbrodt R, Kalab M, Dempfle A, Hertrampf K
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42149240 · Full text
PURPOSE: Tumours of the oral cavity are an under-recognised type of cancer, with many people being diagnosed at a late tumour stage. This study investigated knowledge of signs, symptoms and risk factors of oral cancer in...
PURPOSE: Tumours of the oral cavity are an under-recognised type of cancer, with many people being diagnosed at a late tumour stage. This study investigated knowledge of signs, symptoms and risk factors of oral cancer in association with socio-demographic factors in a German sample, with the aim of developing an awareness campaign. METHODS: Computer-assisted telephone interviews (n = 1801) were conducted among a representative sample of the German population aged 50 and older. Descriptive statistics of demographic variables and responses to the questionnaires were reported by means of counts and percentages. Associations between socio-demographic factors and knowledge of diagnostic items and risk factors were analysed. RESULTS: Overall, diagnostic knowledge and knowledge of risk factors were low to moderate. The knowledge levels were even lower among participants who were older, had lower school education, or had lower net monthly household income. Although the respective vulnerable groups were well aware of tobacco consumption as a risk factor, the awareness of the risk factors of older age and alcohol consumption was lower. CONCLUSION: This national survey demonstrates that the German population is not sufficiently informed about the signs, symptoms and risk factors of oral cancer. Knowledge deficits were particularly associated with older age, lower levels of education and low income. The planned national awareness campaign aims to inform the public, especially vulnerable subgroups, about oral cancer, its diagnostic signs andspecific risk factors. In the development, implementation and evaluation of this campaign, age, education level and income should be considered.
Development of radiolabeled In-albumin liposomes for long-term imaging of tumors.
Ahrari M, Saberi Z, Abbasi A … +3 more , Yazdi JR, Jaafari MR, Sadri K
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42144502 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The current study aims to develop a clinically applicable radiopharmaceutical agent for long-term imaging in the diagnosis and management of oncologic patients in the field of nuclear medicine. Liposomes, as...
BACKGROUND: The current study aims to develop a clinically applicable radiopharmaceutical agent for long-term imaging in the diagnosis and management of oncologic patients in the field of nuclear medicine. Liposomes, as pharmaceutical nanocarriers, have been extensively studied in pharmaceutical industry and depending on their structural characteristics could be formulated for accumulation in various pathological sites in the body. PEGylated liposomes have smaller volume of distribution and decreased clearance, consequently, due to their more prolonged presence in the bloodstream and their stability during this time, could be used for tumor imaging. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In this work, liposomal formulations encapsulating albumin were synthesized by thin-film hydration technique, then extruded and after homogenization, their characteristics including size, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency were measured. Then, these liposomes were labeled by In-oxine and their stability in serum medium was assessed and the rate of their biodistribution in C26-colon carcinoma tumor-bearing mice was evaluated by two approaches, quantitatively radioactivity measurement and qualitatively gamma scintigraphy imaging. RESULTS: The result of our study displayed that In -radiolabeled liposomes having a size of about 130 nanometers, were capable of accumulating in tumor sites based on enhanced penetration and retention (EPR) phenomenon. These liposomes also have high stability for maintaining encapsulated albumin for a long time up to 96 h and even may be stable for longer time period. In the study of biodistribution of our formulation in tumor-bearing mice, they accumulated more in the kidney, liver, spleen and tumor sites, so that even after clearance of formulation in the bloodstream, they existed in significantly higher levels in the mentioned organs and likewise tumor sites up to 96 h. In gamma scintigraphy, organs with high activity resulted from accumulation, were visible in the form of hot spots demonstrating formulation stability in the tumor sites from time of administration to 96 h. CONCLUSIONS: Our in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that this PEGylated radiolabeled liposomal formulation have considerable stability and efficiency for long-term tumor imaging which merit further studies for its transformation into clinical application.
Favorable pathological response with enfortumab vedotin plus toripalimab as neoadjuvant therapy for HER2-negative muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a case report.
Zhang X, Shen E, Cheng C … +3 more , Meng R, Liu C, Shao Q
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42143657 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To report the efficacy and safety of enfortumab vedotin combined with toripalimab as neoadjuvant therapy in an elderly patient with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who sought bladder preservation. METHODS:...
PURPOSE: To report the efficacy and safety of enfortumab vedotin combined with toripalimab as neoadjuvant therapy in an elderly patient with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who sought bladder preservation. METHODS: An 83-year-old male presented with painless gross hematuria. Imaging revealed a 44 mm × 39 mm × 60 mm bladder mass, and biopsy confirmed high-grade invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (cT2NxM0). After informed consent, the patient received three cycles of neoadjuvant therapy combining enfortumab vedotin (60 mg on days 1 and 8) with toripalimab (240 mg on days 1 and 8) in 21-day cycles. RESULTS: Treatment-related adverse events included hyperglycemia and rash, both managed conservatively without treatment interruption. Post-treatment MRI demonstrated marked tumor reduction, showing only bladder wall thickening. Subsequent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) revealed chronic mucosal inflammation with histiocyte aggregation and focal cystic cystitis, with no residual carcinoma identified in the resected specimen, indicating a favorable pathological response. CONCLUSION: In this carefully selected elderly MIBC patient, neoadjuvant enfortumab vedotin combined with toripalimab was well tolerated and associated with marked tumor regression and a favorable pathological response on post-treatment TURBT. Bladder preservation was attempted, illustrating the feasibility of this regimen and generating a hypothesis for future investigation.
Clinical utility of sarcoma methylation classifiers in soft tissue sarcoma diagnosis.
Osterloh J, Reuss DE, von Deimling A … +10 more , Füllgraf H, Heyer J, Kurowski K, Kirchhof C, Meiertoberens A, Lausch U, Schmid A, Eisenhardt SU, Braig D, Runkel A
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42142152 · Full text
PURPOSE: Soft tissue sarcomas are rare malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin characterized by their heterogeneity and diagnosis is challenging despite integrated histopathology and molecular testing. DNA methylation pro...
PURPOSE: Soft tissue sarcomas are rare malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin characterized by their heterogeneity and diagnosis is challenging despite integrated histopathology and molecular testing. DNA methylation profiling offers an objective approach for tumor classification, but clinical implementation data in soft tissue sarcoma remain limited. METHODS: In this single-center study, 40 tumor samples from 34 patients were evaluated by routine pathology and array-based DNA methylation profiling and classified using two versions of the sarcoma methylation classifier (V12.3 and V13.1). RESULTS: With version V12.3, 16 samples (40%) achieved a high calibrated score ≥ 0.9, among which 87.5% (14/16) were consistent with the histopathologic diagnosis. With V13.1, 29 samples (72.5%) reached a high calibrated score (≥ 0.9) and the classifier's diagnosis aligned with the histopathologic diagnosis in 28 cases (96.6%). CONCLUSION: Overall, DNA methylation-based classification is a valuable adjunct diagnostic tool to confirm or refine the histopathologic diagnosis. V13.1 substantially improved classification confidence and agreement compared with V12.3. However, a considerable subset of specimens remained below the high-confidence threshold, underscoring the need for further technical and workflow optimization before routine clinical implementation.
The validity and reliability of the Swedish CancerSupportSource-Caregiver: a screening tool for psychological distress and support needs in clinical cancer care.
Samuelsson M, Möllerberg ML, Maus B … +2 more , Olsson CM, Jakobsson J
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42126610 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Timely, individually tailored support for family caregivers of cancer patients is stressed, reinforcing the importance of implementing screening tools in clinical practice. AIM: This study aims to evaluate th...
BACKGROUND: Timely, individually tailored support for family caregivers of cancer patients is stressed, reinforcing the importance of implementing screening tools in clinical practice. AIM: This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Swedish CancerSupportSource-Caregiver among 145 Swedish family caregivers of persons diagnosed with cancer. METHODS: We evaluated the validity and reliability of the Swedish CancerSupportSource-Caregiver among 145 Swedish family caregivers of persons diagnosed with cancer who responded to the Swedish CancerSupportSource-Caregiver, sociodemographic questions, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Psychometric analyses were performed using descriptive statistics and classical test theory to evaluate data quality, targeting, scaling assumptions, and internal validity. Construct validity was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis; criterion validity through concurrent validity; and reliability through internal consistency. RESULT: Overall, in the sample, evaluations demonstrated generally satisfactory psychometric properties with respect to data quality, targeting, and scaling assumptions. The hypothesized five-domain model showed an acceptable fit to the data, although there were indices that it could be improved. Item loadings were generally high, supporting the proposed construct structure. Further, assessments of the criterion validity were satisfactory. However, the evaluations of internal validity and internal consistency indicated redundancy, mainly within the emotional well-being domain. CONCLUSION: The Swedish CancerSupportSource-Caregiver demonstrated preliminary satisfactory abilities to screen for support needs and psychological distress among Swedish family caregivers of persons diagnosed with cancer. Further evaluations in larger samples, using Rasch measurement theory, could provide a deeper understanding of the functioning of items and response options.
Real-world data on oncology in Morocco: a narrative review of four decades of national evidence.
Lkhoyaali S, Ghizlane C, Batlamous B … +6 more , Efountame Nkoghe ENC, El Ghissassi I, Mrabti H, Errihani H, Khalis M, Boutayeb S
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42120763 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Real-world data (RWD) has become essential to guide oncology practice and policy. However, in Morocco, the extent and quality of available oncology RWD remain unclear. This study aims to address this gap by exam...
PURPOSE: Real-world data (RWD) has become essential to guide oncology practice and policy. However, in Morocco, the extent and quality of available oncology RWD remain unclear. This study aims to address this gap by examining the current status of RWD in oncology in the Moroccan context. METHODS: We systematically identified and synthesized 308 Moroccan cancer studies (1985-2025) drawn from different electronic databases. Eligible studies included those based on population registries, as well as retrospective and prospective clinical cohorts, molecular and genetic studies, and psycho-oncological or health-system analyses. Data were extracted across five domains: (1) epidemiology, (2) molecular biology, (3) treatment outcomes, (4) survivorship and quality of life, and (5) system-level and public health interventions. RESULTS: Breast (25%), colorectal (12%), and lung cancers (10%) were the most frequently studied. Most RWD outputs originated from Casablanca (34%), followed by Rabat (27%) and Fez (18%). Clinical and epidemiological studies (56%) were the most predominant study types while molecular papers (21%) highlighted actionable biomarkers: EGFR, KRAS, TP53, BRCA1/2, and VEGF.56 CONCLUSION: Morocco has transitioned from case-series oncology research to integrated molecular-epidemiologic RWD networks. Strengthening national data interoperability, biobank integration, and linkage between registries and clinical outcomes is now imperative.
Genetic analysis of genes GSTP1, PTEN, and TP53 SNPs in non-melanoma skin cancer patients.
Xiong Y, Akhter HA, Siddique A … +4 more , Smerat A, Egamberdiyev K, Gulsara R, Bashir K
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42118341 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: One of the most prevalent cancers in the world, non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is impacted by several genetic, demographic, and environmental factors. METHODOLOGY: This case-control study exami...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: One of the most prevalent cancers in the world, non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is impacted by several genetic, demographic, and environmental factors. METHODOLOGY: This case-control study examined the relationship between NMSC susceptibility and GSTP1 (rs1695), PTEN (rs701848), and TP53 (rs17878362) polymorphisms in 300 Pakistani patients and 300 healthy controls. Additionally assessed were demographic factors such as age, gender, smoking status, and family history. RESULTS: The findings showed a strong correlation between the risk of NMSC and all three SNPs. The heterozygous mutant genotype (AG) of GSTP1 rs1695 was significantly (p = 0.0053) associated with a higher risk of NMSC with a family history, while its heterozygote genotype (AG) was associated with smoking (p = 0.0001). The AG genotype was associated with an increased risk of disease in males and GG showed a significant (p = 0.0010) protective association in females. The heterozygous mutant (AG) genotype in the < 43 age while the homozygous mutant (GG) showed a lower disease risk (p = 0.0029) in the > 43 age group. Patients had a higher frequency of the heterozygous AG genotype (166, 55%) than controls (87, 29%) and homozygous mutant GG genotype (17, 6%) than controls (58, 19%), indicating a significant protective effect (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.1-0.4; p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: These correlations held true for age, gender, smoking status, and family history subgroups. The results indicate that these polymorphisms may function as potential genetic biomarkers for early detection and risk prediction, highlighting the crucial role of detoxification, tumor-suppressor, and DNA repair pathways in NMSC development. To confirm these findings, more extensive and useful research is advised.
Rare presentation of Rosai-Dorfman disease with severe lymphopenia: a pediatric case report and review of the literature.
Abdalla D, Radcliffe R, Asfour H
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42113276 · Publisher ↗
Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare type of histiocytosis usually presenting with painless bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and leukocytosis. Cytopenias, particularly isolated lymphopenia, are particularly uncommon a...
Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare type of histiocytosis usually presenting with painless bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and leukocytosis. Cytopenias, particularly isolated lymphopenia, are particularly uncommon and poorly characterized. Hereby, we report a case of a 3-year-old boy presenting with progressive bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and profound T- and B-cell lymphopenia. Immunophenotyping demonstrated markedly reduced CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD19 cells, low borderline level of NK-cells, and expansion of TCRγδ double-negative (CD3/CD4/CD8) T cells. B-cell subset analysis revealed reduced switched memory and marginal zone compartments with increased transitional B cells, suggesting immune dysregulation. Imaging confirmed extensive cervical and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Lymph node excision biopsy showed characteristic sinus histiocytosis with emperipolesis, confirming the diagnosis of nodal RDD. No autoantibodies were detected, and bone marrow examination and genetic testing were unremarkable. Given the clinical stability and absence of organ dysfunction, the patient was conservatively managed with prophylactic antimicrobials and close surveillance, remaining stable at follow-up. A review of the literature was also conducted, identifying eight well-characterized RDD cases associated with cytopenia, involving only two cases reporting isolated lymphopenia, emphasizing the rarity of this presentation. Most cases required systemic immunosuppression due to autoimmune features or progressive disease. Detailed lymphocyte subset characterization was rarely reported. In conclusion, this case expands the immunologic spectrum of RDD and highlights isolated severe lymphopenia as a uniquely rare presentation. Comprehensive immunophenotyping is essential to distinguish RDD from primary immunodeficiency and lymphoproliferative disorders, as immune-dysregulated RDD may represent a biologically distinct subgroup with implications for precision management.
KIF15 (Kinesin-12): molecular biology, physiological functions, and roles in disease.
Xiang S, Li Y, Zhuang H … +1 more , Lu Y
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42107035 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: KIF15, a kinesin-12 family motor protein, has emerged as a recurrently upregulated factor in multiple human malignancies and has been implicated in diverse oncogenic processes. This review aims to provide a co...
OBJECTIVE: KIF15, a kinesin-12 family motor protein, has emerged as a recurrently upregulated factor in multiple human malignancies and has been implicated in diverse oncogenic processes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the molecular biology of KIF15, its oncogenic and non-oncogenic functions, the regulatory mechanisms governing its expression and activity, and its therapeutic potential across human disease contexts. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify studies addressing KIF15 structure, mitotic and non-mitotic functions, cancer-associated mechanisms, pharmacological targeting, and germline disease associations. RESULTS: KIF15 is frequently upregulated across multiple solid tumors-including lung, breast, prostate, pancreatic, gastric, colorectal, and hepatocellular cancers-and elevated expression is commonly associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Mechanistically, KIF15 activates mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK-ERK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, androgen receptor (AR) and its splice variant androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) to confer enzalutamide resistance, supports glycolytic reprogramming via phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) deubiquitination, and maintains cancer stem cells (CSCs) phenotypes through reactive oxygen species (ROS) suppression. KIF15 additionally mediates adaptive resistance to kinesin-5 (Eg5, also known as KIF11), inhibitors via protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1)-dependent antiparallel microtubule bundling. Beyond oncology, germline KIF15 variants have been associated with increased genetic susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Several KIF15-directed preclinical probes and proof-of-concept inhibitors have been reported, and dual Eg5/KIF15 inhibition has shown synergistic antitumor effects in experimental models. CONCLUSIONS: KIF15 functions as a context-dependent regulator of mitotic adaptation and tumor progression, with reported roles in mitogenic signaling, metabolic reprogramming, and therapeutic resistance across multiple cancer types. Its chemical tractability and non-redundant role in drug-resistant spindle maintenance position it as a compelling candidate for combination anticancer strategies.
Dynamic machine learning model integrating resting energy expenditure for predicting postoperative complications after gastrectomy for gastric cancer.
Yang D, Liu H, Xia Y … +10 more , Li T, Xu J, Zhou Q, Qian L, Xu S, Yang X, Xu Y, Zhou W, Li F, Xu H
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42107025 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To investigate whether perioperative resting energy expenditure (REE) dynamics improve prediction of postoperative complications after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 193 pat...
PURPOSE: To investigate whether perioperative resting energy expenditure (REE) dynamics improve prediction of postoperative complications after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 193 patients who underwent elective gastrectomy for gastric cancer. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry preoperatively and on postoperative day 1 (POD1). REE metrics were expressed as the ratio of measured REE to Harris-Benedict predicted REE (preH-B% and D1H-B%). Postoperative complications were defined as Clavien-Dindo grade II or higher. Candidate predictors were prioritized using random forest, support vector machine, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. A traditional model was compared with an integrated model including metabolic indices, and a parsimonious model was subsequently developed for clinical visualization. Discrimination, reclassification, and calibration were evaluated using AUC, DeLong's test, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and bootstrap internal validation. RESULTS: Postoperative complications occurred in 23 of 193 patients (11.9%). PreH-B% was associated with BMI and more advanced tumor stage, whereas D1H-B% was associated with the extent of resection (all P < 0.05). Across all feature-selection methods, preH-B% and D1H-B% were consistently prioritized. The 7-predictor integrated model showed higher discrimination than the traditional model alone (AUC 0.803 [95% CI 0.704-0.903] vs 0.654 [95% CI 0.538-0.771]; DeLong P = 0.0049). A parsimonious 3-predictor model including preH-B%, D1H-B%, and BMI showed an apparent AUC of 0.783 and an optimism-corrected AUC of 0.757, with satisfactory calibration. CONCLUSION: Perioperative REE dynamics may provide complementary information for predicting postoperative complications after gastrectomy. These findings should be considered hypothesis-generating, and require validation in larger, prospective, multicenter cohorts before clinical implementation. The clinical utility of this model should be further evaluated using decision-curve analysis and prospective validation.
Enhanced detection of bladder cancer using combined circulating tumor cells, urine-derived epithelial cells, and molecular biomarkers.
Jiang Z, Yuan C, Yuan H … +13 more , Qin C, Li Y, Hu Y, Sun C, Deng J, Deng F, Li C, Li X, Zheng J, Luo X, Pan X, Yan K, Deng G
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42107019 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: The sensitivity of bladder cancer detection using a single biomarker from single sample type is limited. This study aimed to investigate whether a combined approach utilizing multiple biomarkers from different c...
PURPOSE: The sensitivity of bladder cancer detection using a single biomarker from single sample type is limited. This study aimed to investigate whether a combined approach utilizing multiple biomarkers from different clinical samples could improve detection sensitivity. METHODS: A total of 85 patients with bladder cancer and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Urine and blood samples were collected for the isolation of urine-derived epithelial cells (UDECs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). These cells were then analyzed via PD-L1 assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) targeting chromosomes 7 and 8. In parallel, matched urine samples from patients underwent conventional urine exfoliation cytology testing (UEC). All data were analyzed in conjunction with pathological information using specialized statistical software. RESULTS: Analysis of CTCs demonstrated a significantly higher bladder cancer detection rate (78.6%) compared to UEC (36.7%). The combination of UDEC-FISH and CTC analysis utilizing urine and blood samples achieved a higher detection rate (94.1%) than the combination of UDEC-FISH with UEC performed on the same urine sample (79.8%). Furthermore, combined analysis of three markers of CTC, UEC, and UDEC-FISH (96.5%) or CTC, UEC, and UDEC-PD-L1 (90.6%) yielded significantly higher detection rates than any single biomarker analysis alone. CONCLUSION: Integrating multiple biomarkers from distinct sample types significantly enhances the detection sensitivity for bladder cancer.
Sensitivity and prognostic significance of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in stage I to III malignant melanoma.
Bohne AS, Heber M, Axt F … +2 more , von Bubnoff N, Kähler K
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42104999 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Risk stratification to guide adjuvant treatment in early stages of melanoma becomes increasingly important. This study investigated circulating tumor (ct)DNA in early melanoma stages to predict disease progre...
BACKGROUND: Risk stratification to guide adjuvant treatment in early stages of melanoma becomes increasingly important. This study investigated circulating tumor (ct)DNA in early melanoma stages to predict disease progression in real-world settings in German melanoma patients. METHODS: In this retrospective, single-center study, 61 patients with melanoma stages I-III with known disease-progression following primary diagnosis were included. Patients were requested to have baseline serum samples ≤ 4 weeks after diagnosis and ≥ 12 weeks preceding disease progression. In ctDNA isolated from 185 serum samples matching inclusion criteria, BRAF V600E/K, NRAS Q61K/L/R and TERT promoter mutations were quantified and correlated with serum levels of S100 and LDH. RESULTS: Mutated ctDNA was detected in ≥ 1sample in 43 of 53 patients (81.13%). CtDNA was more sensitive in the prediction of melanoma relapse than established biomarker S100, LDH (p < 0.001) and both LDH/S100 (p < 0.001). Highest mean ctDNA was measured during shift of stage III to stage IV disease (24.25 cps/µL) and shift within stage III (12.42 cps/µL). The detection of ctDNA at any time point trended towards shorter overall survival. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates the superiority of ctDNA harboring melanoma specific mutations over LDH and S100 in identifying patients at risk for recurrence in early melanoma stages in a single center cohort of melanoma patients. Future prospective trials are warranted to confirm this.
Correction: Investigating the oncogenic potential of MTHFD2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Han J, Wang W, Li S … +1 more , Wang J
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42098411 · Full text
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Expression and clinical significance of cytochrome b561 in endometrial cancer.
Lei H, Liao H, An Z … +4 more , Li X, Li X, Hu J, Zhou X
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42082769 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression level of cytochrome b561 (CYB561) in endometrial carcinoma tissues and analyze its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and patient prognosis. METHODS: Bioinforma...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression level of cytochrome b561 (CYB561) in endometrial carcinoma tissues and analyze its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and patient prognosis. METHODS: Bioinformatic analysis was performed to assess CYB561 mRNA expression and its correlation with prognosis in endometrial cancer. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect CYB561 protein expression in 195 endometrial carcinoma tissues and 40 adjacent normal endometrial tissues. The associations between CYB561 expression and clinicopathological parameters, as well as its impact on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), were analyzed. RESULTS: CYB561 expression was significantly higher in endometrial carcinoma tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.001). Low CYB561 expression was significantly associated with advanced FIGO stage (P < 0.05). Moreover, patients with low CYB561 expression exhibited significantly poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (log-rank P < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSION: CYB561 is up-regulated in endometrial carcinoma, and its high expression is associated with a more favorable prognosis, suggesting its potential role as a prognostic biomarker for endometrial cancer.
Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for esophageal cancer: current status and challenge.
Wang Y, Gu J, Sun X
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol · 2026 May · PMID 42069985 · Full text
With the advent of the immunotherapy era, the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy has become a critical strategy to enhance patient outcomes. In addition to its direct cytotoxicity, radiotherapy modulates the i...
With the advent of the immunotherapy era, the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy has become a critical strategy to enhance patient outcomes. In addition to its direct cytotoxicity, radiotherapy modulates the immune response within the tumor and its surrounding microenvironment by stimulating the body's anti-tumor immune response. This interplay provides the rationale for combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy. This review will summarize the immunomodulatory mechanisms of radiation therapy, evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy, and outline its current applications, challenges, and future potential. In the future, the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy holds immense potential in esophageal cancer treatment. Through additional prospective clinical trials exploring optimal combinations, timing, and biomarkers, we can further refine treatment strategies and enhance patient survival.
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