Endocrine Research[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Prognostic Marker in Adrenocortical Carcinoma.
Solak M, Kraljević I, Zibar Tomšić K … +4 more , Kaštelan M, Kakarigi L, Kaštelan D, Croatian ACC Study Group
Endocr Res · 2021 · PMID 33416409 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the impact of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on the long-term outcomes of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). METHODS: This retrospective, single-...
PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the impact of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on the long-term outcomes of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). METHODS: This retrospective, single-institution study included 48 patients with the diagnosis of ACC. The primary outcomes of the study were differences in overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) with respect to the NLR level. RESULTS: Patients with ENSAT stage IV had higher levels of NLR compared to those with ENSAT stage I-III (5.7 (1.6-12.5) vs 3.3 (1.3-11); = .01). A higher NLR was also observed among patients with cortisol-secreting tumors (4.6 (1.7-12.5) vs 2.8 (1.3-10.3); = .003) and those with Ki-67 index >10% (4.3 (1.3-12.5) vs 2.6 (1.6-11.0); = .005). With respect to survival, the univariate analysis revealed worse ACC-related survival ( = .02) and OS ( = .004) in patients with NLR >3.9 than in those with NLR ≤3.9. In addition, patients with NLR >3.9 had a higher Weiss score ( = .046), a higher Ki-67 index ( = .006) and a higher disease stage ( = .01) compared to patients with NLR ≤3.9. No differences between the groups were observed regarding excess glucocorticoid secretion. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that a higher NLR level in ACC patients was associated with unfavorable outcomes in terms of DSS and OS. These results indicate that NLR might be used as an additional marker in ACC risk stratification and identification of patients with the most adverse prognosis.
Vitamin D Status and COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients.
Szeto B, Zucker JE, LaSota ED … +4 more , Rubin MR, Walker MD, Yin MT, Cohen A
Endocr Res · 2021 · PMID 33380209 · Full text
: Populations severely affected by COVID-19 are also at risk for vitamin D deficiency. Common risk factors include older age, chronic illness, obesity, and non-Caucasian race. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated wit...
: Populations severely affected by COVID-19 are also at risk for vitamin D deficiency. Common risk factors include older age, chronic illness, obesity, and non-Caucasian race. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with risk for respiratory infections and failure, susceptibility and response to therapy for enveloped virus infection, and immune-mediated inflammatory reaction.: To test the hypothesis that 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] deficiency is a risk factor for severity of COVID-19 respiratory and inflammatory complications.: We examined the relationship between prehospitalization 25(OH)D levels (obtained 1-365 days prior to admission) and COVID-19 clinical outcomes in 700 COVID-19 positive hospitalized patients.: Discharge status, mortality, length of stay, intubation status, renal replacement.: Inflammatory markers.: 25(OH)D levels were available in 93 patients [25(OH)D:25(IQR:17-33)ng/mL]. Compared to those without 25(OH)D levels, those with measurements did not differ in age, BMI or distribution of sex and race, but were more likely to have comorbidities. Those with 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL (n = 35) did not differ from those with 25(OH)D ≥ 20 ng/mL in terms of age, sex, race, BMI, or comorbidities. Low 25(OH)D tended to be associated with younger age and lower frequency of preexisting pulmonary disease. There were no significant between-group differences in any outcome. Results were similar in those ≥50 years, in male/female-only cohorts, and when differing 25(OH)D thresholds were used (<15 ng/mL and <30 ng/mL). There was no relationship between 25(OH)D as a continuous variable and any outcome, even after controlling for age and pulmonary disease.: These preliminary data do not support a relationship between prehospitalization vitamin D status and COVID-19 clinical outcomes.
Determination of age and sex specific TSH and FT4 reference limits in overweight and obese individuals in an iodine-replete region: Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS).
Abdi H, Faam B, Gharibzadeh S … +4 more , Mehran L, Tohidi M, Azizi F, Amouzegar A
Endocr Res · 2021 Feb · PMID 33280458 · Publisher ↗
: To determine age and sex-specific thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) reference ranges according to body mass index (BMI) categories. : With regards to the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) criter...
: To determine age and sex-specific thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) reference ranges according to body mass index (BMI) categories. : With regards to the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) criteria, a total of 2818 individuals from the Tehran Thyroid Study population was selected and categorized in three BMI groups. : TSH levels did not differ significantly between BMI groups ( = .054). Females had statistically higher TSH levels than males in all BMI categories ( < .001). According to age-specific analyses, the youngest category (20-29 years) had the highest median values of serum TSH in all BMI groups. With increasing BMI, the 2.5 percentile of TSH remained approximately unchanged and the 97.5 percentile showed an increasing pattern. FT4 level was significantly higher in the normal weight group compared to obese individuals ( < .001); females had significantly lower FT4 levels than males in normal weight and obese groups ( < .001). According to age categories, the youngest group (20-29 years) had higher levels of FT4 than the elderly group in all BMI categories. A decreasing pattern in both 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles of FT4 was observed along with increasing BMI. : Compared to the normal weight population, obese individuals have slightly lower FT4 concentrations accompanied by similar TSH levels. With increasing BMI, upper limits of TSH and FT4 show increasing and decreasing patterns, respectively.
Insulin Use, Diabetes Control, and Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19.
Riahi S, Sombra LRS, Lo KB … +6 more , Chacko SR, Neto AGM, Azmaiparashvili Z, Patarroyo-Aponte G, Rangaswami J, Anastasopoulou C
Endocr Res · 2021 · PMID 33275067 · Publisher ↗
: The novel coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) has caused significant morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. However, the effects of diabetes control including insulin use remain uncertain in terms of clinical outcomes...
: The novel coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) has caused significant morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. However, the effects of diabetes control including insulin use remain uncertain in terms of clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19.: In this single-center, retrospective observational study, all adult patients admitted to Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, from March 1 through April 24, 2020 with a diagnosis of COVID-19 and diabetes were included. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data, insulin dose at home and at the hospital, other anti-hyperglycemic agents use, and outcomes were obtained. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with diabetes control and mortality.: Patients who used insulin at home had higher mortality compared to those who did not (35% vs 18% = .015), this was true even after adjustment for demographics, comorbidities and a1c OR 2.65 95% CI (1.23-5.71) = .013. However, the mean a1c and the median home requirements of insulin did not significantly differ among patients who died compared to the ones that survived. Patients who died had significantly higher inpatient insulin requirements (highest day insulin requirement recorded in units during hospitalization) 36 (11-86) vs 21 (8-52) = .043 despite similar baseline a1c and steroid doses received. After adjusting for demographics, comorbidities and a1c, peak insulin requirements remained significantly associated with inpatient mortality OR 1.022 95% CI (1.00-1.04) = .044.: Among diabetic patients infected with COVID-19, insulin therapy at home was significantly independently associated with increased mortality. Peak daily inpatient insulin requirements was also independently associated with increased inpatient mortality.
The Association between Urinary Glucose and Renal Uric Acid Excretion in Non-diabetic Patients with Stage 1-2 Chronic Kidney Disease.
Feng X, Zheng Y, Guan H … +6 more , Zhou X, Xu Y, Zhang X, Fu C, Xiao J, Ye Z
Endocr Res · 2021 Feb · PMID 33245244 · Publisher ↗
: To test the hypothesis that in non-diabetic patients with early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), the renal excretion of urate and glucose transportation are coupled and interconnected. : A cross-sectional study of 2...
: To test the hypothesis that in non-diabetic patients with early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), the renal excretion of urate and glucose transportation are coupled and interconnected. : A cross-sectional study of 255 non-diabetic participants with stage 1-2 CKD recruited from our department was conducted. Spearman's correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to study the correlation between urinary glucose and renal uric acid excretion. ANOVA was used to compare urinary uric acid excretion among three tertiles of urinary glucose (UG; UG1: UG<0.24 mmol/24 h/1.73 m, UG2: 0.24 mmol/24 h/1.73 m≤ UG≤0.55 mmol/24 h/1.73 m, and UG3: UG>0.55 mmol/24 h/1.73 m), the fractional excretion of glucose (FEG; FEG1: FEG<0.04%, FEG2: 0.04%≤FEG≤0.09%, and FEG3: FEG>0.09%) and the excretion of glucose per volume of glomerular filtration (EgGF; EgGF1: EgGF<1.95 μmol/L, EgGF2: 1.95 μmol/L≤ EgGF≤3.99 μmol/L, and EgGF3: EgGF>3.99 μmol/L). : According to the multiple linear regression analysis, FEG and EgGF were positively correlated with the excretion of uric acid per volume of glomerular filtration (EurGF) after adjusting for confounding factors. The EurGF levels in the highest tertiles of UG, FEG and EgGF were higher than those in the lowest tertiles of UG, FEG and EgGF. : Urinary glucose excretion is closely related to renal excretion of uric acid in non-diabetic patients with stage 1-2 CKD.
Expression of Concern: The effects of vitamin D and evening primrose oil co-supplementation on lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in vitamin D-deficient women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Endocr Res · 2021 Feb · PMID 33143484 · Publisher ↗
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Impact of Acutely Increased Endogenous- and Exogenous Ketone Bodies on FGF21 Levels in Humans.
Lauritzen ES, Svart MV, Voss T … +2 more , Møller N, Bjerre M
Endocr Res · 2021 Feb · PMID 33074729 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 is a circulating hormone with metabolic regulatory importance. In mice, FGF21 increases in response to a ketogenic diet and fasting. In humans, a similar increase is only observ...
PURPOSE: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 is a circulating hormone with metabolic regulatory importance. In mice, FGF21 increases in response to a ketogenic diet and fasting. In humans, a similar increase is only observed after prolonged starvation. We aim to study the acute effects of ketone bodies on circulating FGF21 levels in humans. METHODS: Participants from three randomized, placebo-controlled crossover studies, with increased endogenous or exogenous ketone bodies, were included. Study 1: patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) (n = 9) were investigated after a) insulin deprivation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and b) insulin-controlled euglycemia. Study 2: patients with T1D (n = 9) were investigated after a) total insulin deprivation for 9 hours and b) insulin-controlled euglycemia. Study 3: Healthy adults (n = 9) were examined during a) 3-hydroxybutyrate (OHB) infusion and b) saline infusion. Plasma FGF21 was measured with immunoassay in serial samples. RESULTS: Circulating OHB levels were significantly increased to 1.3, 1.5, and 5.5 mmol/l in the three studies, but no correlations with FGF21 levels were found. Also, no correlations between FGF21, insulin, or glucagon were found. Insulin deprivation and LPS injection resulted in increased plasma FGF21 levels at t = 120 min ( = .005) which normalized at t = 240 min. CONCLUSION: We found no correlation between circulating FGF21 levels and levels of ketone bodies. This suggests that it is not ketosis which controls FGF21 production, but instead a rather more complex regulatory mechanism. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov ID number: Study 1: NCT02157155 (5/6-2014), study 2: NCT02077348 (4/3-2014), and study 3: NCT02357550 (6/2-2015).
The Value of Historical Height Loss for Detecting Vertebral Fractures in Postmenopausal Women in China.
Chen R, Liu S, Huang M … +7 more , Ou Y, Liu W, Cui R, Yuan L, Xie Z, Sheng Z, Liu H
Endocr Res · 2021 Feb · PMID 33043720 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: The diagnosis and management of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures are challenging in rural and underdeveloped areas of China because medical resources are inaccessible; thus, a simple and accurate metho...
OBJECTIVES: The diagnosis and management of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures are challenging in rural and underdeveloped areas of China because medical resources are inaccessible; thus, a simple and accurate method is essential for the detection of vertebral fractures. We aimed to examine the relationship between historical height loss (HHL) and vertebral fractures in postmenopausal Chinese women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 255 postmenopausal women aged 50 years or older was conducted in September 2017. Demographic data, including self-reported tallest historical height and current height were analyzed. Vertebral fractures were assessed using X-ray radiography and HHL thresholds were examined using specificity and sensitivity testing. RESULTS: The average age of the 255 participants was 66.3 ± 9.0 years and their mean HHL was 3.5 ± 2.8 cm. The 24 women who were found to have vertebral fractures were older, had more years since menopause (YSM), and a larger HHL compared to those without vertebral fractures. Logistic regression analysis showed that age was a better predictor of vertebral fractures than HHL was, and the cutoff age for detecting vertebral fractures was 71 years, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.750. CONCLUSIONS: Although the women in this study with vertebral fractures had a greater height loss than those without fractures, it was apparent that age, rather than HHL, is the best way to determine who is most likely to develop vertebral fractures.
Primary and Ipilimumab-induced Hypophysitis: A Single-center Case Series.
Atkins P, Ur E
Endocr Res · 2020 Nov · PMID 32892666 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To present a case series of primary and immunotherapy-related secondary hypophysitis. METHODS: A single-center retrospective chart review was performed at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. E...
PURPOSE: To present a case series of primary and immunotherapy-related secondary hypophysitis. METHODS: A single-center retrospective chart review was performed at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Eleven cases of primary hypophysitis and 2 cases of immunotherapy-related secondary hypophysitis were included. Of the 11 primary cases, 6 were diagnosed clinically without biopsy. RESULTS: In primary hypophysitis, headache was the most common presenting symptom (6/11; 55%) and stalk enlargement the prevailing radiologic sign (8/11; 73%). Central adrenal insufficiency (4/11; 36%), central hypothyroidism (4/11; 36%), and central diabetes insipidus (CDI) (4/11; 36%) were the most common pituitary deficiencies at presentation. Initial management included surgery (4/11; 36%), supraphysiologic steroids (2/11; 18%), or observation (6/11; 55%). Outcomes assessed included radiologic improvement (8/9; 89%), improvement in mass symptoms (4/7; 57%), anterior pituitary recovery (1/7; 14%), and CDI recovery (0/4; 0%). In immunotherapy-related hypophysitis either under observation or supraphysiologic steroid therapy, the inflammatory mass resolved and pituitary dysfunction persisted. CONCLUSIONS: In primary hypophysitis, the inflammatory pituitary mass typically resolves and hypopituitarism persists. In the absence of severe or progressive neurologic deficits, a presumptive clinical diagnosis and conservative medical management should be attempted. In the absence of severe features, immunotherapy-related hypophysitis may be managed effectively without the use of supraphysiologic steroids.
Serum thyroid stimulating hormone level for predicting utility of thyroid uptake and scan.
Buehler L, Movahed A, Zhou K … +1 more , Lansang MC
Endocr Res · 2021 Feb · PMID 32875953 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Thyroid uptake and scan (TUS) is a clinical tool used for differentiation of thyrotoxicosis etiologies. Although guidelines recommend ordering a TUS for evaluation of low TSH levels, no specific value is defi...
BACKGROUND: Thyroid uptake and scan (TUS) is a clinical tool used for differentiation of thyrotoxicosis etiologies. Although guidelines recommend ordering a TUS for evaluation of low TSH levels, no specific value is defined. This study aimed to determine a TSH cutoff at which TUSs yield a greater likelihood of successful determination of etiology to avoid unnecessary testing. METHODS: This was a retrospective study on 137 patients seen by an endocrinologist who underwent TUS for evaluation of low TSH (<0.4 μU/mL). A receiver operating curve analysis was performed to determine the TSH cutoff with maximal sensitivity and specificity for prediction of diagnostic utility. RESULTS: Ninety percent of TUSs (n = 123) led to a diagnosis, while 10% (n = 14) were inconclusive or normal. Diagnoses included Graves' diseases (52%), toxic multinodular goiter (19%), thyroiditis (12%), and solitary toxic adenoma (7%). The median TSH value was 0.008 μU/mL (IQR 0.005, 0.011), and the median free T4 value was 1.7 μU/mL (IQR 1.3, 2.8). The ROC analysis produced an area under the curve of 0.86. The optimal TSH cutoff value was 0.02 μU/mL (sensitivity 80%, specificity 93%) for prediction of diagnostic yield. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that TSH is a useful predictor of the utility of TUS in yielding an etiology of thyrotoxicosis. Our analysis showed that TUS had a greater likelihood of determining an etiology when TSH was ≤0.02 μU/mL. This information can help clinicians avoid unnecessary cost and patient time burden when TUS is unlikely to aid in determining the etiology of thyrotoxicosis.
Chemerin Ratios to HDL-cholesterol and Adiponectin as Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome.
Shafer-Eggleton J, Adams-Huet B, Jialal I
Endocr Res · 2020 Nov · PMID 32835545 · Publisher ↗
AIMS: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) a global problem, which comprises a cardio-metabolic cluster of risk factors, increases the risk for type-2 diabetes (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). To date, th...
AIMS: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) a global problem, which comprises a cardio-metabolic cluster of risk factors, increases the risk for type-2 diabetes (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). To date, the best laboratory-based biomarker for MetS appears to be high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Chemerin, a novel adipokine is increased in MetS and appears to contribute to both insulin resistance and inflammation. In this pilot study, we tested if the chemerin:HDL-C or chemerin:adiponectin ratios are better biomarkers for predicting MetS than hsCRP. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled patients and controls with nascent MetS, uncomplicated by diabetes, ASCVD, macro-inflammation, and smoking using rigorous criteria. Fasting blood samples were obtained in order to calculate insulin resistance in the liver (HOMA-IR) and adipose tissue (ADIPO-IR) and for measurement of chemerin and adiponectin levels. Statistical analyses including receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate data. RESULTS: We observed the chemerin:HDL-C ratio is significantly increased in MetS and increases with severity of MetS ( < .001). The chemerin: adiponectin ratio was not significantly increased following adjustment for age and waist circumference. The chemerin:HDL-C ratio correlated with BMI, WC, triglycerides, plasma glucose, HDL-C, and both HOMA-IR and ADIPO-IR. ROC curve analysis showed that the chemerin:HDL-C ratio area under the curve (AUC) was greater than the AUC for hsCRP. CONCLUSION: In this preliminary report, we demonstrate that the ratio of chemerin to HDL-C is a valid biomarker of MetS and appears to be a better predictor than hsCRP. These findings need to be confirmed in larger studies.
Association of Apelin Levels in Overweight-obese Children with Pubertal Development, but Not with Insulin Sensitivity: 6.5 Years Follow up Evaluation.
Sentinelli F, Bertoccini L, Incani M … +12 more , Pani MG, David F, Bailett D, Boi A, Barchetta I, Cimini FA, Mannino AC, Lenzi A, Cavallo MG, Loche S, Cossu E, Baroni MG
Endocr Res · 2020 Nov · PMID 32791927 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Obesity in youth is associated with increased risk of metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue hormones are involved in body-weight regulation. Among these, apelin is recognized as an insulin-sensitizer adipokine....
BACKGROUND: Obesity in youth is associated with increased risk of metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue hormones are involved in body-weight regulation. Among these, apelin is recognized as an insulin-sensitizer adipokine. Data on apelin levels in obese children and its relation to insulin-sensitivity are limited. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate apelin levels in relation to obesity and insulin sensitivity in a large cohort of overweight/obese children and adolescents. Furthermore, these youths were reevaluated after a median 6.5 years of follow-up, thus allowing assessing changes in apelin levels in relation to increasing age and weight changes. METHODS: Clinical data in 909 children and adolescents were collected between 2007 and 2010. Two hundred and one were reexamined at a median 6.5 years of follow-up. All subjects at baseline and at follow-up underwent an OGTT. Apelin levels were measured on sera by ELISA method. RESULTS: At baseline, lower apelin levels were associated with increasing age and puberty (Tanner ≥II 0.67 ± 0.96 ng/mL vs. Tanner I 0.89 ± 1.13 ng/mL, < .002), but not with body-weight. At follow-up, apelin levels in the 201 subjects reexamined were significantly lower than at baseline (0.45 ± 0.77 ng/mL at follow-up, 0.68 ± 0.95 ng/mL baseline, < .001), confirming the effects of age and puberty. Body-weight did not affect apelin levels. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that sex and puberty were associated with lower apelin levels, independently from age and insulin-sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Apelin levels decrease significantly with pubertal development, whilst body-weight in children and adolescents did not determine changes in apelin. Reduced levels of apelin in children and adolescents may therefore represent a necessary response to maintain the "physiological" insulin resistance of puberty. : ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; G: glucose; BMI: Body mass index; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HOMA-B: Homeostatic model assessment for beta-cell function; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin-resistance; INS: Insulin; ISI: insulin-sensitivity index; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NW: normal weight; OB: obese; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; OW: overweight; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; TC: Total cholesterol; TGs: Triglycerides.
Silencing of Long Non-coding RNA ENST00000606790.1 Inhibits the Malignant Behaviors of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma through the PI3K/AKT Pathway.
Zuo Z, Liu L, Song B … +3 more , Tan J, Ding D, Lu Y
Endocr Res · 2021 Feb · PMID 32791924 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of lncRNA ENST00000606790.1 (ENST) in promoting the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS: The expression of ENST in human PTC and norma...
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of lncRNA ENST00000606790.1 (ENST) in promoting the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS: The expression of ENST in human PTC and normal para-cancerous thyroid (NPTC) tissues or cell lines was determined by RT-qPCR. Cell growth was determined by CCK8 assay. Cell colony formation was determined by cell colony formation assay. Cell cycle analysis was performed by staining cells with PI (Propidium Iodide). Cell invasion was assessed by transwell assay. Protein expression was examined by western-blot. siRNA was constructed to inhibit the expression of ENST. 740-Y-P was used to activate PI3K. The correlation between ENST expression and clinical outcomes was analyzed. RESULTS: ENST was significantly up-regulated in PTC tissues or PTC cell lines (PTC and IHH4 cell lines), compared to NPTC tissues or normal cell lines, respectively. High expression of ENST was strongly correlated to lymph node metastasis and tumor size at diagnosis. Silencing of ENST significantly inhibited cell growth and colony formation, arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase, upregulated the expression of CHK1, downregulated the expression of CDC25C, and inhibited cell invasion. Silencing of ENST significantly down-regulated the expression of PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT in IHH4 cells. Furthermore, treatment with the PI3K activator 740-Y-P partially abolished the effect of silencing of ENST on PTC cells. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our results demonstrated that ENST can promote PTC progression by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that ENST can serve as a potential biomarker and new therapeutic target for patients with PTC.
Evaluation of the Bethesda System and the ACR TIRADS in an Endemic Goiter Region.
Karaagac M, Sarigoz T, Ertan T … +1 more , Topuz O
Endocr Res · 2020 Nov · PMID 32729365 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Various factors can affect incidence of thyroid disorders and disease profiles may show abrupt changes in endemic goitrous areas. In this study, it was aimed to analyze the American College of Radiology (ACR)...
BACKGROUND: Various factors can affect incidence of thyroid disorders and disease profiles may show abrupt changes in endemic goitrous areas. In this study, it was aimed to analyze the American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) and the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) in terms of risk of malignancy and general recommendations in an endemic goiter region (EGR). METHODS: In this retrospective study, a total of 500 patients who had thyroidectomy following thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy were enrolled. For the assessment of thyroid cytology, BSRTC was used and for the evaluation of ultrasound features of thyroid nodules, ACR TIRADS lexicon was adopted. For the assessment of thyroid cytology, Bethesda classification was used and for the evaluation of ultrasound features of thyroid nodules, ACR TIRADS lexicon was adopted. RESULTS: In the EGR setting, benign category of BSRTC had a cancer risk of 6.2% which was two times more than the 2017 BSRTC revision reported. Nodules 10-14.9 mm in diameter had nearly 4 times higher malignancy risk than nodules >15 mm. In this group of patients, the risk of malignancy for TIRADS level 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 was 1.16%, 2.94%, 7%, 45.64% and 94.44%, respectively. The malignancy rates for Bethesda system category I, II, III, IV, V and VI were as follows: 14.43%, 6.2%, 19.05%, 36.73%, 75.68% and 100%. CONCLUSIONS: There are slight differences between the common set of standards and this study results regarding risk of malignancy. This brings up the question whether there is need for revision for the use of categories and the appropriate management in endemic goiter regions.
Hormone Therapy and Discrimination in the Labor Market: Emerging Experimental Evidence on the Economics of Endocrinology.
French MT, Timming AR
Endocr Res · 2020 Nov · PMID 32706273 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Gender transitioning is increasingly common, but little is known about the extent to which individuals in transition and fully transitioned suffer from wage discrimination. Managers in the United States (n=2...
BACKGROUND: Gender transitioning is increasingly common, but little is known about the extent to which individuals in transition and fully transitioned suffer from wage discrimination. Managers in the United States (n=204) were shown photos of white and Asian male and female "employees" at different stages of simulated hormone therapy and were asked to estimate their actual hourly wages based on appearance. RESULTS: The results suggest that Asian men and women "in transition" and fully transitioned do not suffer from significant wage discrimination. However, among the white stimuli, gender atypical ("in transition" and fully transitioned) men and women are estimated to earn significantly less than their gender typical (sexually dimorphic) counterparts, with some gender-specific nuances. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of hormone therapy may have a deleterious impact on the wages of white transgender individuals.
Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Outpatient Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Study.
Kaewput W, Thongprayoon C, Rangsin R … +4 more , Bathini T, Torres-Ortiz A, Mao MA, Cheungpasitporn W
Endocr Res · 2020 Nov · PMID 32662297 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease and hypoglycemia are common complications in individuals with diabetes. Currently, the association of renal function with hypoglycemic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) i...
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease and hypoglycemia are common complications in individuals with diabetes. Currently, the association of renal function with hypoglycemic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is inconclusive. This study aims to assess the associations between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and cumulative incidence of hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia-related hospitalizations, and incidence of outpatient hypoglycemia among T2DM patients in Thailand using a nationwide patient sample. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study based on the DM/HT study of the Medical Research Network of the Consortium of Thai Medical Schools. This study assessed adult T2DM patients from 831 public hospitals in Thailand in the year 2012-2013. eGFR was categorized into ≥90, 60-89, 30-59, 15-29, and <15 mL/min/1.73 m. The associations between eGFR and hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia-related hospitalizations, and incidence of outpatient hypoglycemia were assessed using multivariate logistic regression and Poisson regression. RESULTS: A total of 25,056 T2DM patients with available eGFR were included in the analysis. The mean age was 60.9 ± 10.5 years. The cumulative incidence of hypoglycemia and hypoglycemia-related hospitalizations was 3.6% and 1.7%, respectively. Incidence of outpatient hypoglycemia, mild hypoglycemia, and severe hypoglycemia was 2.99 (2.59-3.43), 2.47 (2.11-2.88), and 0.52 (0.36-0.72) per 100 patient-years, respectively. Patients with eGFR of 30-59, 15-29, and <15 mL/min/1.73 m were significantly associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia-related hospitalizations, and incidence of outpatient hypoglycemia when compared to patients with eGFR of ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m. CONCLUSION: Reduced eGFR was independently associated with increased hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia-related hospitalizations, and risk of outpatient hypoglycemia. Increasing awareness of the heightened risk of hypoglycemia with declining renal function may prompt changes to diabetic management for at-risk individuals.
Coronaviruses and Integrin αvβ3: Does Thyroid Hormone Modify the Relationship?
Davis PJ, Lin HY, Hercbergs A … +2 more , Keating KA, Mousa SA
Endocr Res · 2020 Aug · PMID 32628899 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Uptake of coronaviruses by target cells involves binding of the virus by cell ectoenzymes. For the etiologic agent of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), a receptor has been identified as angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (...
BACKGROUND: Uptake of coronaviruses by target cells involves binding of the virus by cell ectoenzymes. For the etiologic agent of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), a receptor has been identified as angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). Recently it has been suggested that plasma membrane integrins may be involved in the internalization and replication of clinically important coronaviruses. For example, integrin αvβ3 is involved in the cell uptake of a model porcine enteric α-coronavirus that causes human epidemics. ACE2 modulates the intracellular signaling generated by integrins. OBJECTIVE: We propose that the cellular internalization of αvβ3 applies to uptake of coronaviruses bound to the integrin, and we evaluate the possibility that clinical host T4 may contribute to target cell uptake of coronavirus and to the consequence of cell uptake of the virus. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The viral binding domain of the integrin is near the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide-binding site and RGD molecules can affect virus binding. In this same locale on integrin αvβ3 is the receptor for thyroid hormone analogues, particularly, L-thyroxine (T4). By binding to the integrin, T4 has been shown to modulate the affinity of the integrin for other proteins, to control internalization of αvβ3 and to regulate the expression of a panel of cytokine genes, some of which are components of the 'cytokine storm' of viral infections. If T4 does influence coronavirus uptake by target cells, other thyroid hormone analogues, such as deaminated T4 and deaminated 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), are candidate agents to block the virus-relevant actions of T4 at integrin αvβ3 and possibly restrict virus uptake.
Abdominal Obesity Phenotypes and Incidence of Thyroid Autoimmunity: A 9-Year Follow-up.
Amouzegar A, Kazemian E, Abdi H … +3 more , Gharibzadeh S, Tohidi M, Azizi F
Endocr Res · 2020 Aug · PMID 32266835 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: The association between obesity and autoimmune diseases has been suggested by several previous studies. The objective of our study was to assess the association of abdominal obesity phenotypes with thyroid autoi...
PURPOSE: The association between obesity and autoimmune diseases has been suggested by several previous studies. The objective of our study was to assess the association of abdominal obesity phenotypes with thyroid autoimmunity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted within the framework of a population-based cohort study, Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS) on 4708 subjects without thyroid autoimmunity at baseline. Participants were categorized into four abdominal obesity phenotypes according to waist circumference (WC) and other metabolic syndrome components. Serum concentrations of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), free T4 (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), glucose, and lipid profiles were measured after 3, 6 and 9 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate associations of different phenotypes with the incidence of thyroid autoimmunity, adjusted for age, sex, FT4, and TSH. RESULTS: Highest and lowest incidence rates of TPOAb positivity were observed among metabolically unhealthy, non-abdominally obese (MUNAO) [8.78 (7.31-10.55) per 1000 person-years of follow-up] and metabolically unhealthy abdominally obese (MUAO) [4.98 (3.88-6.41) per 1000 person-years of follow-up] phenotypes. Considering the metabolically healthy non-abdominal obese (MHNAO) individuals as reference, none of metabolically healthy abdominally obese (MHAO), MUNAO, and MUAO phenotypes were associated with increased risk of developing TPOAb positivity. Compared to individuals with high WC, the incidence rate (95%CI) of TPOAb positivity was higher among those with normal WC: 8.44 (7.13-10.0) vs 5.11 (4.01-6.51) per 1000 person-years, respectively. Higher WC was not associated with incident TPOAb positivity. CONCLUSION: There was no significant association between baseline abdominal obesity phenotype status and development of TPOAb positivity over 9 years of follow-up.
Relationship between TSH Levels and the Advanced Lipoprotein Profile in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).
José F Peixoto de Miranda É, Goulart AC, Sommer Bittencourt M … +8 more , Santos RD, Blaha MJ, Jones S, Toth PP, Kulkarni K, Santos IS, Lotufo PA, Bensenor IM
Endocr Res · 2020 Aug · PMID 32019383 · Publisher ↗
The relationship between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and lipoprotein subfractions by Vertical Auto Profile (VAP) is unclear. We aimed to evaluate lipoprotein profiles according to TSH levels in euthyroid individual...
The relationship between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and lipoprotein subfractions by Vertical Auto Profile (VAP) is unclear. We aimed to evaluate lipoprotein profiles according to TSH levels in euthyroid individuals.: Cross-sectional analysis of 3,525 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) with no previous thyroid disease and who were not on lipid-lowering medication. Total-cholesterol and its fractions, lipoprotein subfractions, triglycerides, and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol [TRL-C (VLDL-C, VLDL-C, IDL-C)] were determined by VAP. Associations between TSH quintiles and lipoprotein subfractions were evaluated by crude and adjusted linear regression models.: For the total sample, significant beta-coefficients in full adjusted models for the 5 quintile of TSH (compared to 1) were found for the following VAP lipids and lipoproteins: IDL-C (β: 0.90; 0.11 to 1.69); VLDL-C (β: 2.80; 1.51 to 4.08), triglycerides (β: 18.66; 8.07 to 29.25), non-HDL-C (β: 4.63; 0.50 to 8.75 mg/dl), TRL-C (β:1.93;0.70 to 3.17), VLDL-C (β: 1.04; 0.50 to 1.57), as well as, TC/HDL-C (β: 0.15; 0.03 to 0.26) and TG/HDL-C ratio (β: 0.49;0.21 to 0.77). In women, similar results were found for VLDL-C, triglycerides, non-HDL-C, TRL-C, VLDL-C, TC/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C-ratios. In men, we also found positive associations between the highest quintile of TSH with VLDL-C, triglycerides, VLDL-C and TG/HDL-C.: In the ELSA-Brasil, the highest TSH levels were mostly positively associated with lipoprotein levels, particularly TG, TRL and their remnants. Notwithstanding, our findings suggest that TSH levels within the normal range have little impact on the atherogenic profile.
Differences in Neuregulin 4 Expression in Children: Effects of Fat Depots and Obese Status.
Wang R, Zhou W, Zhu X … +4 more , Zhou N, Yang F, Sun B, Li X
Endocr Res · 2020 Aug · PMID 31986906 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To observe the expression of Nrg4, uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), CD31, VE-cadherin/CDH5 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) mRNA in abdominal subcutaneous (SC), oment...
PURPOSE: To observe the expression of Nrg4, uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), CD31, VE-cadherin/CDH5 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) mRNA in abdominal subcutaneous (SC), omental (OM) adipose tissue in children with relation to anthropometric parameters. Further to verify the effect of inflammatory mediators on Nrg4 and UCP1 mRNA expression in adipocytes. METHODS: Paired SC and OM adipose tissues were obtained from 58 children. In vitro, the adipocytes isolated from primary inguinal adipose tissue of mice were treated with TNFα (50 ng/ml) for 12-48 h. mRNA levels of Nrg4, UCP1 and TNFα were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Nrg4, UCP1, VEGF-A and CDH5 mRNA levels in SC were significantly higher than those in OM adipose tissue and the mRNA level of TNFα showed the opposite result. Moreover, Nrg4 and UCP1 mRNA in SC were significantly lower in overweight children compared to normal weight children. Nrg4 in SC and OM was negatively associated with BMISDS, WHtR. CDH55 mRNA in OM was negatively associated with WHR. VEGF-A was positively correlated with Nrg4 in SC. In vitro, Nrg4 and UCP1 mRNA levels in adipocytes were dose- and time-dependently decreased under TNFα treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Nrg4, UCP1, VEGF-A and CDH5 mRNA expression in adipose tissues display a depot-specific pattern. Nrg4 mRNA levels in adipose tissue are decreased with obesity and associated with WAT browning and angiogenesis. TNFα may be involved in the regulation of Nrg4 level in adipose tissue, which may be one of the causes of the down-regulation of Nrg4 expression in obesity with chronic inflammatory response.
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