Arch Womens Ment Health
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40448840
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PURPOSE: Being a parent, in addition to its rewarding aspects, also involves significant psychological and physical challenges. When the balance between caregiving burden and support resources is disrupted, it becomes al...PURPOSE: Being a parent, in addition to its rewarding aspects, also involves significant psychological and physical challenges. When the balance between caregiving burden and support resources is disrupted, it becomes almost inevitable for mothers to experience burnout. We designed our study to investigate the factors related to burnout complaints in mothers of preschool children. METHODS: The sample of our study consisted of 80 mothers who presented to psychiatry clinics with burnout complaints and 80 healthy controls. Data collection tools included the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Parenting Stress Index, and the Spousal Support Scale. Scale scores were compared between the groups. The mediating role of the Spousal Support Scale (SSS) in the relationship between the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was tested using path analysis. RESULTS: No statistically significant age difference was found between the two groups (p > 0.05). The number of children among participants in the burnout group was higher (p = 0.018).In the burnout group, a positive and statistically significant relationship was found between the total scores of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) (r: 0.664; p: 0.000), and a negative and statistically significant relationship with the total score of the Spousal Support Scale (SSS) (r: -0.409; p: 0.000).The indirect effect of the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) on the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) through the Spousal Support Scale (SSS) was found to be statistically significant ( [Formula: see text] = -0.3294, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Parental stress is associated with the level of burnout in mothers. However, spousal support may weaken the relationship between parental stress and burnout. Further research on the relationship between spousal support and burnout, as well as awareness projects related to spousal support, is needed.
Arch Womens Ment Health
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40389772
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PURPOSE: The current study investigated the mental health of Yazidi women exposed to kidnapping and sexual violence among Yazidi women survivors of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) attacks during captivity in t...PURPOSE: The current study investigated the mental health of Yazidi women exposed to kidnapping and sexual violence among Yazidi women survivors of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) attacks during captivity in the 2014 genocide period in Iraq. METHODS: This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted at the Internal Displaced People (IDP) camps located in the Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq (KRG). The data were collected from September 2023 to May 2024. The KRG granted the principal researcher and 2 assistants access to 7 of the 18 IDP camps in Duhok. The number of households for inclusion in each camp was selected proportional to the total number of households in each selected camp by division of each camp's census into the total census of all camps combined, and all adult women > 18 years of age in these households were deemed eligible for participation in the study. The study sample included 215 Yazidi women aged 18 to 41 years. Face-to-face interviewing was conducted by the first author and trained clinical psychologists, following structured questionnaires: a 6-item demographic questionnaire, The Event Scale (ES), Suicidality (3 questions included suicidality ideation, suicide attempt, and suicidal behavior), Posttraumatic Check List for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). RESULTS: Women's current mental health following rape during captivity revealed risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), general psychopathology, and suicidality in association with kidnapping and sexual violence, with odds ratios between 3.11 and 4.89 for the three main variables (PTSD risk, General psychopathology and suicidality) in multivariate models. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that ISIS captivity and wartime rapes had extensive long-term consequences on the mental health of women survivors. The high prevalence of PTSD emphasizes the need for culturally sensitive diagnostic and therapeutic services to address the intermediate and long-term consequences of wartime rape.
Waller R, Kornfield SL, White LK
… +12 more, Chaiyachati BH, Barzilay R, Njoroge W, Parish-Morris J, Duncan AF, Himes MM, Rodriguez Y, Seidlitz J, Riis V, Burris HH, Gur RE, Elovitz MA
Arch Womens Ment Health
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40387906
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Arch Womens Ment Health
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40387905
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PURPOSE: Female sex hormones as well as the synthetic hormones contained within combined oral contraceptives (COCs) may influence emotional and cognitive functioning including learning and memory; however, findings are i...PURPOSE: Female sex hormones as well as the synthetic hormones contained within combined oral contraceptives (COCs) may influence emotional and cognitive functioning including learning and memory; however, findings are inconsistent. We here present the largest study to date investigating the effect of COC use on verbal memory in healthy women. METHODS: COC use and verbal memory scores were available from the CIMBI database for 205 healthy women in the reproductive age. We assessed if verbal memory and affective bias differed between COC users and non-users. In a subgroup of natural cycling women in the follicular phase, we assessed if verbal memory was associated with plasma estradiol levels. RESULTS: We found no statistically significant group differences in either overall memory performance (p = 0.16) or affective memory bias (p = 0.18) between COC users and non-users, although there was a trend suggesting COC users may exhibit slightly better recall for short-term (p = 0.09) and long-term task (p = 0.08) conditions. Similarly, COC users tended to have slightly better overall memory compared with women in the follicular phase (p = 0.05). Follicular phase plasma estradiol levels were not associated with verbal memory. CONCLUSIONS: We found no support for COC use to negatively impact verbal memory, if anything COC users tended to perform better than natural cycling women in follicular phase; however, this could be influenced by a healthy user bias. In conclusion, these findings highlight that women who tolerate COCs well should not be concerned about potential adverse effects on memory.
Woofter R, Hill G, Wong E
… +4 more, Bright TJ, Bresee C, Kilpatrick SJ, Accortt EE
Arch Womens Ment Health
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40372532
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PURPOSE: Screening is necessary to identify patients with postpartum depression or anxiety and facilitate access to mental healthcare. This study evaluated a quality improvement initiative for inpatient postpartum depres...PURPOSE: Screening is necessary to identify patients with postpartum depression or anxiety and facilitate access to mental healthcare. This study evaluated a quality improvement initiative for inpatient postpartum depression screening, which was implemented to better identify patients in need of mental healthcare. This initiative replaced the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) administered verbally by nurses with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS-10) self-administered by patients via iPads. METHODS: Electronic medical records for patients who delivered June 2020-October 2023 at Cedars-Sinai were analyzed (N = 17,403). Differences in completed screenings, positive depression screenings, suicidal ideation, and social work referrals before and after the initiative were examined with chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression models. Factors associated with positive anxiety screenings on the EPDS-10 were also identified. RESULTS: Overall, 98.6% of patients completed depression screenings. Among those who completed screenings, positive depression screenings increased from 4.0 to 11.4%, identified suicidal ideation increased from 0.2 to 1.1%, and social work referrals increased from 64.1 to 84.0%, before and after the initiative. Post-initiative, patients had higher odds of positive depression screenings, indicating suicidal ideation, and receiving social work referrals compared to pre-initiative. Among those who completed EPDS-10 screenings, 31% were positive for anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the PHQ-9 administered verbally by nurses, the EPDS-10 self-administered by patients via iPads resulted in higher rates of positive depression screenings, identified suicidal ideation, and social work referrals. It is imperative to accurately screen patients for postpartum depression and anxiety to facilitate access to mental healthcare and address morbidity and mortality. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
White WR, Ojeda EM, Ronquest JR
… +5 more, Scott VP, House SJ, Brown CC, Stowe ZN, Coker JL
Arch Womens Ment Health
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40366440
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This is a follow up on a 2016 article discussing the rise in punitive perinatal substance use laws. From 2016-2023, there has been a 39% increase in laws equating perinatal substance use with child abuse, and a 73% incre...This is a follow up on a 2016 article discussing the rise in punitive perinatal substance use laws. From 2016-2023, there has been a 39% increase in laws equating perinatal substance use with child abuse, and a 73% increase in mandated reporting laws, despite limited evidence that these laws are helpful. We write this update to raise awareness for providers, so they may better counsel patients on this topic and help advocate for treatment focused policies in their state.
Husni M, Rizk DEE, Alabdulla NS
… +8 more, Zayed A, Malas H, Modahka NA, Alqujan SJ, Alansari BK, Alhajri SE, Mahmood N, Jahrami H
Arch Womens Ment Health
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40327076
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INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition in women. Studies have shown that PCOS is associated with poor quality of life, anxiety, sadness, dissatisfaction with one's appearance, an...INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition in women. Studies have shown that PCOS is associated with poor quality of life, anxiety, sadness, dissatisfaction with one's appearance, and sexual dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine whether a strong psycho-pathological personality is related to PCOS and whether this personality is related to the hyperandrogenic state. METHODS: Anthropometric, metabolic, hormonal, clinical, and psychological characteristics were examined in 90 Bahraini women with PCOS. After confirming the diagnosis of PCOS via Rotterdam criteria, including ovarian ultrasound, each patient was evaluated via the following questionnaires: 1) the GAD-7 (General Anxiety Disorder-7) to measure the severity of anxiety; 2) the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to confirm and measure the severity of depression; 3) the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) to measure aggression; and 4) the McLean Screening Instrument to identify borderline personality disorders (MSI-BPDs). The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. RESULTS: Compared to controls, PCOS patients exhibited significantly higher rates of severe depression (8% vs. 0%, p < 0.001), severe anxiety (7% vs. 0%, p < 0.001), impulsivity (BIS-11: 39.43 ± 9.69 vs. 26.64 ± 2.92, p < 0.001), and borderline personality traits (McLean: 2.41 ± 2.44 vs. 1.2 ± 0.94, p < 0.001). Metabolic comorbidities, including obesity (BMI 28.88 vs. 20.27, p < 0.001) and hypothyroidism (48% vs. 0%, p < 0.001), were prevalent in PCOS. Hyperandrogenism correlated weakly with psychiatric outcomes (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Women with PCOS demonstrate markedly elevated psychiatric and medical burdens compared to healthy controls. While hyperandrogenism showed limited direct associations, metabolic dysfunction (e.g., obesity) may mediate psychiatric risk. These findings underscore the need for multidisciplinary care integrating psychological and endocrine management, particularly in populations where cultural norms exacerbate PCOS-related distress.
Diaz ZM, Howard MM, Moreno KV
… +2 more, Halwes MG, Battle CL
Arch Womens Ment Health
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40312466
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PURPOSE: Postpartum depression (PPD), the most common childbirth complication in the United States, can be treated using brexanolone, an intravenous form of allopregnanolone. METHODS: This retrospective chart review stud...PURPOSE: Postpartum depression (PPD), the most common childbirth complication in the United States, can be treated using brexanolone, an intravenous form of allopregnanolone. METHODS: This retrospective chart review study evaluated clinical outcomes of 64 postpartum women who received brexanolone infusion for PPD in a real-world setting. RESULTS: Treatment was associated with improved depression and anxiety symptoms, and 71% of patients reported significant improvement in their PPD. CONCLUSIONS: While further research is needed, this study supports brexanolone as an efficacious treatment for PPD.
Sasayama D, Owa T, Kudo T
… +7 more, Kaneko W, Makita M, Kuge R, Shiraishi K, Nomiyama T, Washizuka S, Honda H
Arch Womens Ment Health
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40232389
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PURPOSE: Postpartum maternal mental health plays a crucial role in the development of children's social and emotional competencies. This study aimed to investigate the influence of postpartum maternal depression and moth...PURPOSE: Postpartum maternal mental health plays a crucial role in the development of children's social and emotional competencies. This study aimed to investigate the influence of postpartum maternal depression and mother-to-infant bonding on children's emotional and behavioral difficulties in sixth grade. METHODS: Data from the maternal Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale-Japanese version (MIBS-J), administered to mothers approximately 2 weeks to 1 month postpartum during postnatal health checkups in Okaya, Japan, were analyzed alongside Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) data collected from their sixth-grade children and their caregivers. The study included 245 mother-child pairs of children born between April 2, 2009, and April 1, 2012. RESULTS: Postpartum maternal depressive symptoms, as assessed by the EPDS, were significantly associated with mother-to-infant bonding difficulties, as assessed by the MIBS-J. Structural equation modeling revealed that EPDS, MIBS-J, and sex significantly predicted psychosocial difficulties of children. Bonding difficulties mediated 34.6% of the total effect of EPDS on child difficulties. The models explained 26.1% of the variance in psychosocial difficulties, with 43.0% of the variance explained for parent-rated SDQ scores and 36.4% for self-rated SDQ scores. CONCLUSIONS: The negative impact of maternal depressive symptoms on mother-to-infant bonding may have contributed to increased difficulties for the child, highlighting the critical role of bonding in moderating the effects of maternal mental health on child development. These findings underscore the importance of early postpartum interventions targeting both maternal depression and bonding difficulties to mitigate long-term effects on child development.
Abajobir A, Sidze EM, Wainaina C
… +2 more, Gerbaba MJ, Wekesah FM
Arch Womens Ment Health
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40220206
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BACKGROUND: Despite a growing body of evidence on maternal mental health in Africa, significant gaps remain in understanding its overall landscape, risk factors/determinants, immediate and long-term effects, accessibilit...BACKGROUND: Despite a growing body of evidence on maternal mental health in Africa, significant gaps remain in understanding its overall landscape, risk factors/determinants, immediate and long-term effects, accessibility to healthcare and services, and availability of practicable/effective interventions. This paper provides a thorough review of both peer-reviewed and grey literature and makes key recommendations and directions for future research and development. METHODS: We systematically reviewed extant evidence using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Peer-reviewed studies published in English between 2010, and June 2024 were included based on a priori criteria. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Critical Appraisal Skill Program (CASP) quality assessment tools were used to critically appraise the reliability, validity and overall quality of included articles. A qualitative narrative synthesis was perfomed to summarize the findings effectively. RESULTS: A total of 206 full-text articles evaluated for eligibility and inclusion in the systematic review, predominantly observational studies with a minority employing randomized controlled trial (RCT) designs, were included, with 70%, 22%, and 8% of the articles rated as good, fair, and poor quality, respectively. Women in Africa experience a wide range of common perinatal mental disorders, including major depressive disorders and psychosis, either discretely or comorbid. Socioeconomic disadvantages and other intertwined poverty-related factors at the individual, family, social, and environmental levels are implicated in maternal mental health disorders. Currently, there is insufficient evidence regarding the short- and long-term health, development, and social impacts of maternal mental health. Addtionally, there is limited knowledge about the availability and accessibility of mental healthcare, evidence-based context-specific interventions, and healthcare-seeking behaviors of women in Africa, as well as their access to and utilization of mental health services. CONCLUSION: The evidence base on maternal mental health in Africa suffers from considerable variability, inconsistency, and equivocal findings resulting from heterogeneity across the studies. This restricts generalizability and the ability to draw valid conclusions. Published studies also likely underestimate the scale and health impacts of perinatal mental disorders. Evidence from these studies are rarely used to inform policies and programs. The maternal mental health ecosystem in Africa needs to be better understood. More rigorous study designs should be implemented to focus on evidence generation and the evaluation of interventions, alongside robust integration of mental health services within health systems. Policy initiatives aimed at reducing socioeconomic disparities in maternal, newborn, and child health, particularly concerning maternal mental health, must be supported by these studies. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS: • Women across Africa suffer from various mental health problems, including major depressive disorders, anxiety, and psychosis, occurring separately or in combination. • The evidence base on maternal mental health in Africa displays significant variability, inconsistency, and ambiguous findings, largely attributed to study heterogeneity. • Factors at the individual, familial, societal, and environmental levels contribute to poverty-related issues that can lead to or worsen maternal mental health disorders. • Current evidence has not been synthesized to improve our understanding of the short- and long-term health impacts, developmental consequences, and social implications of maternal mental health conditions, as well as the healthcare-seeking behaviors and access to mental health services. • Insufficient policy prioritization and funding for maternal mental health in Africa hinder the development, evaluation, and sustainability of interventions. • There is an urgent need to integrate mental health services into primary healthcare, particularly in resource-limited settings across Africa. This integration should be guided by evidence from rigorous research that uses longitudinal designs. It is also essential to emphasize the importance of investing in digital and community-based approaches to improve the accessibility to mental health services.
Leite TRA, Nogueira GN, Quirino AHA
… +4 more, Andrade AGM, Souza Júnior SA, Souza FGM, Bisol LW
Arch Womens Ment Health
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40208349
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The letter about the article "The Prevalence and Odds of Bipolar Disorder in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," authored by Shahraki et al. and published on Janua...The letter about the article "The Prevalence and Odds of Bipolar Disorder in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," authored by Shahraki et al. and published on January 2, 2024 discuss the main items about methodology and results.
Arch Womens Ment Health
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40198375
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PURPOSE: Women in Mozambique are noted to be at heightened risk of poor mental health. Yet, studies have not examined how their experiences of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) may be associated with mental health outcomes...PURPOSE: Women in Mozambique are noted to be at heightened risk of poor mental health. Yet, studies have not examined how their experiences of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) may be associated with mental health outcomes. Our study, therefore, aimed to examine the association between probable depression and symptoms of anxiety with women's experiences of IPV in Mozambique. METHODS: We used nationally representative data from the 2022-23 Mozambique Demographic and Health Survey. Using STATA 17, we applied logistic regression analysis to our analytical sample of 4,454 ever-married women aged 15 to 49 who answered questions related to their experience of emotional, sexual, and physical IPV. RESULTS: The prevalence of probable depression and symptoms of anxiety were 12% and 13%, respectively. Compared to women who have never experienced any form of IPV, those who had been victims of physical IPV (OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.59, 3.23; OR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.88, 3.58), sexual IPV (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.48, 3.80; OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.37, 3.43) and emotional IPV (OR = 3.27, 95% CI = 2.41, 4.44; OR = 3.90, 95% CI = 2.87, 5.29) were all more likely to report depression and symptoms of anxiety, respectively. In addition, we also found the protective effect of higher household wealth and employment against the risk of depression and anxiety among women. Finally, we observed that religious affiliation is associated with depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest the urgent need to strategize and design a holistic mental health policy in Mozambique which prioritizes eradicating IPV among women. Increasing public awareness about the devastating impact of IPV on women while strengthening the laws that criminalize it will be helpful in this regard.
Vallibhakara SA, Piyatham N, Vallibhakara O
… +1 more, Manonai J
Arch Womens Ment Health
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40175774
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of postmenopausal women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand and the associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using a validated Thai version of the WHOQOL-BR...PURPOSE: To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of postmenopausal women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand and the associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using a validated Thai version of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire to assess QOL was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 453 postmenopausal women participated in the study, with a median age of 58 years (ranging from 41 to 65). These women, residing in urban areas of Thailand such as Bangkok, Nonthaburi, Nakhon Pathom, Pathum Thani, Samut Prakan, and Samut Sakhon, completed a survey questionnaire with the assistance of health volunteers during the COVID-19 pandemic, between October 2021 and April 2022. The study revealed that 55.85% of participants reported experiencing poor quality of life (QOL) during the pandemic. Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified several significant associations with QOL. Factors linked to a poorer QOL included lower levels of well-being index (odds ratio [OR] 7.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.16-19.75, P < 0.01), reduced physical activity (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.62-4.54, P < 0.01), and the severity of menopausal symptoms (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.42-2.66, P < 0.01). Conversely, higher education (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.10-0.75, P < 0.01), an earlier onset of menopause (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.39-0.78, P < 0.01), and occasional social alcohol consumption (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.33-0.94, P = 0.03) were identified as protective factors for QOL. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive menopausal care, addressing both physical and mental well-being, and providing specific care for menopausal symptoms during challenging times of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Arch Womens Ment Health
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40175773
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BACKGROUND: Age at menarche may influence the onset of depression later in life. We aim to assess the association between early/late menarche and depressive outcomes in females by updating a systematic review and meta-an...BACKGROUND: Age at menarche may influence the onset of depression later in life. We aim to assess the association between early/late menarche and depressive outcomes in females by updating a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: The search of the original systematic review was updated for studies published in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from 2013 to 2023. The early/late and on-time menarche divisions were generally based on each study. Depression or depressive symptoms could be measured through various validated tools and diagnostic criteria. We assessed the quality of the evidence using the GRADE approach and performed a random-effect meta-analysis with age at menarche and the cases of depression as outcomes. RESULTS: We included eight cohort and three cross-sectional studies (138,819 participants). Females with early menarche were more likely to have depression later in life compared with those who had on-time menarche (early vs. on-time menarche: odds ratio (OR) = 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.20; I = 44.5%). We found a null association between late menarche and depression for females (late vs. on-time menarche: odds ratio (OR) = 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87, 1.15; I = 73.2%). Sensitivity analyses showed that the results were robust. The quality of the available evidence was rated as very low. CONCLUSIONS: Existing evidence suggests that early menarche may be associated with an increased risk of depression in females. But it remains unclear about late menarche. More high-quality studies are warranted.
Miller M, Troyer EA, Gould HM
… +4 more, Martinez S, Hong S, Koh S, Kohn JN
Arch Womens Ment Health
· 2025 Oct · PMID 40164852
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PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the independent effects of maternal mental health difficulties (MHD) during the preconception, prenatal, and postnatal periods on well-baby visit (WBV) attendance in...PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the independent effects of maternal mental health difficulties (MHD) during the preconception, prenatal, and postnatal periods on well-baby visit (WBV) attendance in a population-wide sample through retrospective analysis of Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data. METHODS: This secondary analysis utilized data from the 2016 - 2021 New Jersey PRAMS, yielding 6,699 participants (mean age = 30.8 years). Survey-weighted means, confidence intervals, and percentages were used to describe sociodemographic, mental health, and WBV variables across all participants. Logistic regression with complex survey weights and multiple imputation of missing data was implemented to test associations between sociodemographic factors, maternal MHDs, and WBV attendance. RESULTS: The weighted prevalence of missing the 1-week checkup or having never attended a WBV during the first six months postpartum was 4.3% (95% CI: 3.8% - 5.0%; n = 260) and 1.4% (1.1% - 2.0%; n = 98), respectively. Preconception depression (n = 553; 7.7%, 7.0% - 8.0%), prenatal depression (n = 481; 6.5%, 5.9% - 7.0%;), preconception anxiety (n = 1,007; 15.2%, 14.2% - 16.0%), and prenatal anxiety (n = 570; 8.44%, 7.7% - 9.0%) were not associated with 1-week checkup attendance. However, women with preconception depression were more than twice as likely to have never attended a WBV (OR = 2.43, 1.01 - 5.82). Multiple social determinants and demographic variables were associated with greater odds of missing WBVs, including middle household income, receiving government-issued health insurance or being uninsured, Hispanic ethnicity, and Spanish as a primary language. CONCLUSIONS: Preconception depression, middle household income, receiving government-issued health insurance, being uninsured, Hispanic ethnicity, and Spanish as a primary language may decrease attendance of WBVs, and the mediating role of preconception depression in infant health outcomes warrants further investigation.