Tobacco Induced Diseases[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Smoking inequalities among culturally diverse populations in Australia: A secondary dataset analysis of the HILDA survey 2002-2019.
Aung L, Block K, Maheen H … +2 more , Cooray U, Singh A
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42388844 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Given that over 7 million Australians are born overseas, this study aimed to examine smoking prevalence, trends, and inequalities across major cultural subpopulations in Australia from 2002 to 2019, using a...
INTRODUCTION: Given that over 7 million Australians are born overseas, this study aimed to examine smoking prevalence, trends, and inequalities across major cultural subpopulations in Australia from 2002 to 2019, using a causal weighting method. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of repeated cross-sectional data from 18 waves (2002-2019) of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. Respondents aged ≥15 years with smoking status and region of birth were grouped into six cultural subpopulations. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was applied to adjust for sociodemographic characteristics across six cultural subpopulations. Inequalities in never, current, and ex-smokers were assessed using prevalence differences and ratios, stratified by sex, with Australian-born individuals as the reference group. RESULTS: Absolute differences (per 100 people) in never smoking prevalence between the group with the poorest smoking prevalence and the Australian-born group, decreased from -16.53% (95% CI: -18.17 - -14.89) to -10.84% (95% CI: -12.24 - -9.43), and from -7.56% (95% CI: -11.88 - -3.24) to -4.01% (95% CI: -8.16-0.14) in ex-smoking prevalence. However, absolute differences in current smoking increased from 3.49% (95% CI: -0.70-7.68) to 9.09% (95% CI: 5.52-12.66). Men from the Middle East and Africa and women from Europe, the Middle East, and Africa had the poorest outcomes, with increasing current smoking and declining never smoking prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: While inequalities in never and ex-smoking prevalence have narrowed, inequalities in current smoking persist or have worsened among specific subgroups. These findings indicate persistent smoking inequalities among certain immigrant subgroups, suggesting the need for further research to understand better the social, cultural, and structural factors that may underlie these patterns and guide future equity-focused tobacco control strategies.
MiR-129-5p is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease status and alleviates cigarette smoke extract-induced human bronchial epithelial cell injury.
Liu D, Wang J, Zhang P … +2 more , Qin Y, Pan Y
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42388843 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common progressive respiratory disease with persistent airflow limitation, chronic airway inflammation, and limited early diagnostic biomarkers and targeted...
INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common progressive respiratory disease with persistent airflow limitation, chronic airway inflammation, and limited early diagnostic biomarkers and targeted therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in COPD pathogenesis, but the role of microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p) in COPD is unclear. This study investigated miR-129-5p's association with COPD susceptibility, its regulation on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced bronchial epithelial cell injury, and the mechanism involving intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) and RELA. METHODS: The study included a cross-sectional study and in vitro experiments. The cross-sectional study (Hanyang Hospital, March 2022-May 2024) collected serum from 126 COPD patients and 120 controls to detect miR-129-5p, ICAM1, and RELA via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve area (AUC), multivariate logistic regression, and Pearson correlation were used for analysis. In vitro, human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were divided into 6 groups for the CSE-induced injury model; Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and dual-luciferase assay detected cell functions and miR-129-5p-ICAM1 targeting. RESULTS: Serum miR-129-5p was significantly downregulated in COPD patients, with elevated ICAM1, RELA, and inflammatory factors. It distinguished COPD from controls (AUC=0.88; 95% CI: 0.84-0.92, p<0.001) and was an independent susceptibility factor (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=0.15; 95% CI: 0.08-0.26, p<0.001). miR-129-5p was negatively associated with inflammatory factors and positively associated with pulmonary function. CSE inhibited miR-129-5p and induced injury; its overexpression reversed injury, knockdown exacerbated it, and it targeted ICAM1, whose overexpression abrogated miR-129-5p's protection. CONCLUSIONS: Serum miR-129-5p was downregulated in COPD patients, while cellular evidence indicated that it potentially alleviates CSE-induced injury by targeting ICAM1 and downregulating RELA, providing preliminary evidence for COPD pathogenesis; further large-scale studies are needed to verify its clinical value.
Behavioral responses to smoking bans in local public places in China: A secondary dataset analysis of China Family Panel Studies, 2010-2020.
Meng W, Ma Y, Fu Y … +1 more , Chen T
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42375745 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: While public smoking bans help reduce smoking behavior, tobacco control in China is mainly managed locally. The effects of regional regulations on individual smoking are unclear. This study analyses public...
INTRODUCTION: While public smoking bans help reduce smoking behavior, tobacco control in China is mainly managed locally. The effects of regional regulations on individual smoking are unclear. This study analyses public smoking bans across several cities to inform local and national tobacco control efforts. METHODS: This study is a secondary data analysis using the 2010-2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) nationwide dataset. The study adopts an observational design covering a 10-year period from 2010 to 2020, with data collected biennially across waves. The study population comprised respondents, aged ≥16 years from the CFPS 2010-2020 waves, who resided in the 37 cities selected for this quasi-experimental design. Individuals were included if they had complete data on smoking behavior, demographic characteristics, and key socioeconomic variables. RESULTS: Local tobacco control regulations did not significantly affect smoking status. They were related to the amount smoked (β=0.374; 95% CI: 0.115-0.633; p=0.005), with a significant positive correlation and heterogeneity observed in the subgroup analysis. In Hangzhou, the smoking probability increased by 0.021 (95% CI: 0.013-0.030, p<0.001) after policy enactment, and daily cigarette consumption among smokers increased by 0.696 (95% CI: 0.507-0.886, p<0.001). In Tianjin, the smoking probability decreased by 0.040 (95% CI: -0.048 - -0.032, p<0.001), and daily cigarette consumption dropped by 1.532 (95% CI: -1.684 - -1.379, p<0.001). In Guangzhou, the policy had no effect on smoking probability but reduced daily cigarette consumption by 0.316 (95% CI: -0.507 - -0.124, p=0.002). The effects of tobacco control policies vary significantly across different cities. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies substantial regional heterogeneity in the effects of local public-place smoking bans, supporting the need for national standardization and context-specific regulatory strategies.
Analyzing public responses to Shanghai's strict smoking ban: A data mining study based on 12320 Health Hotline calls.
Shi L, Regmi A, Shao J … +2 more , He ZA, Cai Y
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42375744 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: This study evaluates the public response to Shanghai's strict smoking ban through an analysis of calls made to the 12320 Health Hotline. The focus is on identifying the types of violations reported, the loc...
INTRODUCTION: This study evaluates the public response to Shanghai's strict smoking ban through an analysis of calls made to the 12320 Health Hotline. The focus is on identifying the types of violations reported, the locations involved, and how these calls can inform future enforcement strategies. METHODS: We collected 41614 call records from March 2016 to March 2019 and used natural language processing (NLP) techniques to analyze these data. Calls containing tobacco-related complaints, consultations, help-seeking requests, or suggestions were included. RESULTS: Following the implementation of the amended regulations, tobacco-related hotline activity peaked in March 2017. During this month, 6937 eligible calls were recorded, of which 4705 (68%) were complaints, 1212 (17%) were consultations, and 829 (12%) were help-seeking requests, while only 172 calls (2%) involved suggestions. Workplaces accounted for the largest proportion of reported locations (35%; n=2399), followed by food and beverage establishments (14%; n=960) and leisure or hospitality venues (13%; n=902), with schools least frequently reported (1%; n=86). CONCLUSIONS: Hotline-based surveillance provides a practical approach for characterizing public concerns related to smoking ban enforcement. Further studies are needed to examine demographic predictors of call patterns, assess long-term trends beyond the initial implementation period, and explore how such data sources may complement conventional tobacco control monitoring systems.
The effects of nicotine exposure on depression: An integrative analysis combining network toxicology, molecular docking, and Mendelian randomization.
Li D, Huang Y, Zhou T … +2 more , Wang Z, Ren C
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42375743 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Depression is a globally prevalent affective disorder closely associated with environmental factors and neurological dysfunction, affecting over 300 million people worldwide and imposing a heavy burden on f...
INTRODUCTION: Depression is a globally prevalent affective disorder closely associated with environmental factors and neurological dysfunction, affecting over 300 million people worldwide and imposing a heavy burden on families and healthcare systems. As the core addictive bioactive component in tobacco, nicotine is intimately linked to an increased risk of depression, but its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of nicotine-induced depression and identify the core molecular targets and pathways involved. METHODS: This study integrated network toxicology, molecular docking, and Mendelian randomization (MR). Nicotine's structure and SMILES were retrieved from PubChem for toxicity analysis via ADMETlab 3.0 and Protox3.0. Potential targets of nicotine and depression-related genes were screened from databases including GeneCards, OMIM, and ChEMBL. Common targets were obtained via Venny for PPI network construction, core target screening, GO/KEGG enrichment analysis, and molecular docking of the top 5 targets. MR verified causal associations with depression. RESULTS: Nicotine exhibited significant neurotoxicity (probability=0.951), respiratory, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic effects. A total of 69 common targets were identified, including DRD2, CHRNA4, and STAT3. GO enrichment involved biological processes like excitatory postsynaptic potential and KEGG pathways such as cAMP signaling. Molecular docking showed favorable binding affinity (binding energies < -5.0 kcal/mol). MR confirmed that higher CHRNA4 expression in the Nucleus Accumbens increased depression risk (IVW, OR=1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that nicotine exacerbates depressive-like behaviors by binding to core targets, including DRD2 and CHRNA4, and regulating dopaminergic and cholinergic pathways. These findings provide mechanistic insights for elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms of nicotine-induced depression, while the identified targets and pathways offer potential directions for subsequent mechanistic validation and targeted studies of depression associated with nicotine exposure.
Cigarette smoking, e-cigarette, and heated tobacco product use and associated factors among a nationally representative sample of adult Malaysians: An online survey.
Sreeramareddy CT, Parlan FH, Sivanandy P … +1 more , Shankar PR
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42375742 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of cigarette smoking, e-cigarette, and heated tobacco product use behaviors and their associated factors among adult Malaysians. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey...
INTRODUCTION: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of cigarette smoking, e-cigarette, and heated tobacco product use behaviors and their associated factors among adult Malaysians. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in December 2024 among a nationally representative sample of 1000 adult Malaysians (≥18 years). We used a questionnaire adapted from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with tobacco and nicotine product use. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of current smoking was 28.6% (95% CI: 25.8-31.4), with a mean age of smoking initiation of 21.5 years. Awareness of e-cigarettes was high (92.4%), with 14.6% (95% CI: 12.5-17.0) and 13.4% (95% CI: 11.4-15.8) reporting current daily and non-daily use, respectively. Fewer respondents were aware of heated tobacco products (HTPs, 548.5%), with 4.5% (95% CI: 3.4-6.1) and 10.0% (95% CI: 8.2-12.1) reporting current daily and non-daily use, respectively. Current smoking (AOR=44.19; 95% CI: 24.78-78.81 for e-cigarettes; AOR=31.0; 95% CI: 13.58-73.57 for HTPs), male sex, younger age, and exposure to advertisements were significantly associated with e-cigarette and HTP use. A smoke-free home environment was a protective factor against e-cigarette (AOR=0.44; 95% CI: 0.24-0.80) and HTP use (AOR=0.27; 95% CI: 0.13-0.55). CONCLUSIONS: Continued surveillance of nicotine product use is essential. Tobacco control measures under the new Public Health Act should include specific regulations for e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products, particularly targeting younger populations.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy, other reproductive factors, and neonatal jaundice: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
Geng W, Feng D, Qian J
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42358871 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Neonatal jaundice is a common condition affecting 60% of term and 80% of preterm infants. This study aimed to explore the genetic prediction of associations between reproductive factors, including age at me...
INTRODUCTION: Neonatal jaundice is a common condition affecting 60% of term and 80% of preterm infants. This study aimed to explore the genetic prediction of associations between reproductive factors, including age at menarche, age at first birth, age at first intercourse, hypertension during pregnancy, gestational diabetes, and smoking during pregnancy, and neonatal jaundice using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS: A two-sample MR analysis was conducted utilizing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics for six reproductive factors and neonatal jaundice from public databases, with data derived from individuals of European ancestry. The primary analysis employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, while supplementary analyses included MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode methods. Sensitivity analyses were assessed with Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO test, and leave-one-out methods. Statistical power was calculated using the mRnd tool. RESULTS: Our findings indicated that genetically maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with neonatal jaundice (OR=8.5227; 95% CI: 1.9246-37.7403, p=0.0048), with adequate statistical power (84.85%). No effect was observed for other reproductive factors on neonatal jaundice (All p>0.05), including age at menarche, age at first birth, age at first intercourse, hypertension during pregnancy, and gestational diabetes. Statistical power for these analyses was limited (<10%). In addition, sensitivity analyses confirmed these findings, indicating robustness against potential pleiotropy and heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of neonatal jaundice. Further research on the underlying biological mechanisms may help to better understand this association and its potential relevance for clinical practice.
Marketing by online tobacco retailers: An observational cross-sectional study.
Apollonio DE, Dennehy CE, Tsourounis C … +1 more , Wakefield T
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42325848 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Understanding retailer advertising has been identified as critical for developing effective policies to reduce tobacco product use, as these forms of advertising are among the tobacco industry's largest exp...
INTRODUCTION: Understanding retailer advertising has been identified as critical for developing effective policies to reduce tobacco product use, as these forms of advertising are among the tobacco industry's largest expenditures. Online retailer marketing has grown rapidly, and in this study, we sought to describe the marketing practices of these retailers. METHODS: Between March and July 2022, we conducted keyword searches (e.g. 'buy e-cigs', 'buy vapes') with the Brave search engine, embedded in the Brave browser, to identify online tobacco retailers, using the inclusion criteria: English-language websites of online retailers selling e-cigarette products that allowed online ordering and the sale of products to customers in the United States. Measures included name, address, and landing page characteristics, including products, brands, product types, seasonal specials, social media links, age gating, and whether the retailer sold non-tobacco products. Results are reported descriptively. RESULTS: We identified 97 unique online tobacco retailers. Of these, 58 (60%) had set a restriction on browsing based on age. E-cigarettes, both disposable and reusable, were the most available products, followed by liquid nicotine ('vape juice'). Thirty-seven percent of online tobacco retailers sold cannabis products, and 38% of retailer websites listed other types of products for sale (e.g. bongs, dab rigs, cannabis apparel, psilocybin chocolates). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that online tobacco retailers heavily marketed flavored products, and a majority sold derived cannabis products. Future research should continue to investigate whether this marketing conflicts with stated federal regulatory goals, and whether the U.S. Food and Drug Administration should expand enforcement of existing regulations on tobacco and derived cannabis products.
Low systolic blood pressure increases risk of allergic rhinitis: Evidence from a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study accounting for smoking environment.
Mao Z, Xu Q, Huo Y … +1 more , Liu Y
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42325847 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common diseases in adults. Dust and secondhand smoke in the air can both trigger AR and elevated blood pressure. The objective of this study was to assess the impac...
INTRODUCTION: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common diseases in adults. Dust and secondhand smoke in the air can both trigger AR and elevated blood pressure. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of systolic blood pressure (SBP) on the risk of AR using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) framework. METHODS: Summary-level genome-wide association study data for SBP and AR were retrieved from the MR-Base platform. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with SBP as exposure at genome-wide significance (p<5×10) and exhibiting low linkage disequilibrium (r<0.001) were selected as instrumental variables. Bidirectional two-sample MR analyses were performed using the inverse-variance weighted method (IVW), weighted median estimator, and MR-Egger regression to estimate associations between both directions. RESULTS: A total of 421 independent SNPs associated with SBP were included in the forward MR analysis. All three methods consistently indicated that genetically lower SBP is associated with an increased risk of AR (IVW odds ratio, OR=0.9997; 95% CI: 0.9995-0.9999; weighted median OR=0.9998; 95% CI: 0.9995-1.0001; MR-Egger OR=0.9996; 95% CI: 0.9990-1.0001). Reverse MR analysis provided no evidence that genetic liability to AR influences SBP. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide genetic evidence for a relationship in which lower systolic blood pressure increases susceptibility to allergic rhinitis.
Nicotine dependence and self-esteem among respiratory therapy students in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.
Alsulayyim AS, Alyami RA, Al Sharifi AS … +16 more , Hakamy A, Alasmari AM, Alshehri Z, Alahmadi FH, Alghamdi SM, Almeshari MA, Alghamdi AS, Alyami MM, Alqahtani JS, Alobaidi NY, Alkhathlan BS, Alqahtani KA, Alowiwi HH, Algharbi FH, Alqarni AA, Aldhahir AM
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42317209 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Nicotine dependence among university students remains a public health concern, and psychological factors such as self-esteem may influence dependence severity. Evidence among respiratory therapy students in...
INTRODUCTION: Nicotine dependence among university students remains a public health concern, and psychological factors such as self-esteem may influence dependence severity. Evidence among respiratory therapy students in Saudi Arabia is limited. Hence, this study aimed to assess the relationship between nicotine dependence and self-esteem among respiratory therapy students in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 13 March and 16 September 2025, and included 1041 respiratory therapy students. Inclusion criteria were enrollment from the second academic year through the internship year; first-year students were excluded. Data were collected via an anonymous online survey assessing smoking history, nicotine dependence using the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND), and self-esteem using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Negative binomial regression was used to identify factors associated with nicotine dependence. RESULTS: The median FTND score was 5 (IQR: 3-6). Smoking duration was significantly associated with higher nicotine dependence in a dose-response pattern. Compared with students who smoked for less than one year, those with 1-5 years (adjusted incidence rate ratio, IRR=1.10; 95% CI: 1.03-1.19; p=0.008), 6-10 years (IRR=1.15; 95% CI: 1.04-1.27; p=0.006), and >10 years of smoking (IRR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.07-1.60; p=0.009) had higher dependence scores. Higher self-esteem was independently associated with lower nicotine dependence, with each one-point increase in RSES score linked to a 3% reduction in FTND score (IRR=0.97; 95% CI: 0.95-0.99; p=0.011). No demographic or academic variables were significantly associated with nicotine dependence. CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine dependence among respiratory therapy students is strongly related to smoking duration and self-esteem. Further longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to clarify the temporal relationship between selfe-steem and nicotine dependence and to determine whether psychosocial support could complement tobacco control efforts in university settings.
Smoking-attributable low-back pain disability in China versus high income countries among adults aged 20-54 years, 1990-2023: A secondary dataset analysis of GBD 2023.
Zhu Y, Li Z, Li K … +5 more , Wei R, Zhou T, Yang S, Yu M, Wang B
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42293797 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Low-back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability. This study compared temporal trends in working-age LBP burden and smoking-attributable disability between China and the GBD aggregate 'High-income count...
INTRODUCTION: Low-back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability. This study compared temporal trends in working-age LBP burden and smoking-attributable disability between China and the GBD aggregate 'High-income countries' from 1990 to 2023, with high body-mass index (BMI) and occupational ergonomic exposures as contextual risk factors. METHODS: This secondary analysis used Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 estimates for adults aged 20-54 years in China and high-income countries. Annual incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability (YLD) were extracted as counts and age-standardized rates per 100000 population (95% uncertainty intervals [UI]). Trend magnitude was summarized using joinpoint regression (average annual percent change [AAPC], 95% confidence interval [CI]) applied to annual point estimates. Risk-attributable YLD rates and population attributable fractions (PAFs) for smoking, high BMI and occupational ergonomic exposures were obtained from the GBD comparative risk assessment. RESULTS: In 2023, age-standardized incidence and YLD rates were higher in high-income countries (5115.98 per 100000, 95% UI: 4396.74-5819.09; 1396.92 per 100000, 95% UI: 993.01-1842.94) than in China (2497.71 per 100000, 95% UI: 2086.63-2942.72; 656.08 per 100000, 95% UI: 448.25-884.77). Rates declined in both settings, faster in China (incidence AAPC= -0.46%, 95% CI: -0.55 - -0.38; YLD AAPC -0.45%, 95% CI: -0.54 - -0.36) than in high-income countries (incidence AAPC= -0.12%, 95% CI: -0.13 - -0.11; YLD AAPC= -0.13%, 95% CI: -0.16 - -0.10). Smoking-attributable PAF decreased in high-income countries from 24.05% (95% UI: 16.04-32.23) to 19.60% (95% UI: 12.70-27.14) but rose slightly in China from 16.61% (95% UI: 11.33-21.74) to 18.27% (95% UI: 12.85-23.88). CONCLUSIONS: Working-age LBP rates declined in both settings, with larger reductions in China. Smoking-attributable burden also declined, but smoking's proportional contribution decreased in high-income countries and rose slightly in China. These model-based patterns may inform population-level prevention priorities alongside rising BMI-related and work-related risks.
Textual analysis of 38 Chinese subnational tobacco control regulations against FCTC Article 8.
Chen Y, Zhao X, Chen C … +7 more , Zhang X, Li J, Lan J, Liu S, Yu X, Chan KS, Zeng Q
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42293796 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: China ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2005; it entered into force domestically on 9 January 2006. Absent of comprehensive national smoke-free legislation, subnational juri...
INTRODUCTION: China ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2005; it entered into force domestically on 9 January 2006. Absent of comprehensive national smoke-free legislation, subnational jurisdictions have enacted dedicated tobacco control regulations heterogeneously. The textual architecture distinguishing FCTC Article 8-compliant from non-compliant drafting has not been systematically characterized at corpus scale. METHODS: This study compiled 38 Chinese subnational dedicated tobacco control regulations enacted or materially amended after FCTC entry into force (9 January 2006 through 31 December 2024) (100635 substantive Chinese characters). Each was independently evaluated against the four core requirements of the FCTC Article 8 Implementation Guidelines [FCTC/COP2(7), 2007] and triangulated against an authoritative expert database. A five-layer framework examined corpus scale, compliance, e-cigarette prohibitions, enforcement features, and other FCTC complementary measures. Mann-Whitney U tests with Cliff's delta and Fisher's exact tests were used (two-sided, α = 0.05). RESULTS: Of 38 regulations, 10 (26.3%) met FCTC Article 8 compliance criteria; 28 (73.7%) did not. Compliant regulations had higher median character counts (3249 vs 2572; δ=0.40, p=0.066) and clause counts (28.0 vs 23.0; δ=0.46, p=0.034). E-cigarette prohibitions (60.0% vs 25.0%, p=0.062) and cessation service requirements (90.0% vs 50.0%, p=0.056) were more frequent in compliant regulations. The 10 compliant jurisdictions cover an estimated 121.6 million residents (8.6% of mainland China's 2020 population). CONCLUSIONS: Greater corpus elaboration, more complete enforcement specification, and inclusion of FCTC-aligned complementary measures are textual features systematically associated with - though not shown to cause - FCTC Article 8 compliance in Chinese subnational law. These findings characterize legal text rather than implementation outcomes and inform drafting guidance for Chinese cities and other jurisdictions pursuing Article 8 implementation.
The contributions of active and passive smoking to COPD-related mortality and DALYs in the context of COVID-19: Global Burden 2019-2021.
Hu S, Tan X, Zhang D … +3 more , Zhang Y, Lv X, Chen W
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42293795 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health issue with high morbidity and mortality. While assessing the overall burden of COPD, it is essential to further quantify the contributio...
INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health issue with high morbidity and mortality. While assessing the overall burden of COPD, it is essential to further quantify the contributions of active and passive smoking to COPD-related mortality and DALYs. METHODS: By utilizing COPD data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study, we analyzed the age-standardized incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), mortality (ASMR) and disability-adjusted life years (ASDR) rates (per 100000), and the risk factors associated with mortality due to COPD. Additionally, we calculated the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) during the study period. RESULTS: In 2021, global COPD incidence, prevalence, deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), increased compared to those in 2019, reaching 16.9 million (95% UI: 15.5-18.3 million), 213 million (95% UI: 195.0-234.0 million), 3.7 million (95% UI: 3.3-4.1), and 79.8 million (95% UI: 74.0-86.0), respectively. The ASPR, ASMR and ASDR declined to 2512.9 (95% UI: 2293.9-2748.5), 45.2 (95% UI: 40.6-49.7), and 940.7 (95% UI: 871.5-1014.6), respectively, while the ASIR slightly increased compared to 2019. In 2021, tobacco use caused 1510389 deaths and 31613440 DALYS from COPD worldwide (ASMR: 18; ASDR: 370). Smoking accounted for 1334961 COPD deaths and 27794778 COPD DALYs (ASMR: 16; ASDR: 326), while secondhand smoke exposure resulted in 266125 COPD deaths and 5662905 COPD DALYs (ASMR: 3; ASDR: 67). CONCLUSIONS: COPD remains a global challenge. The outbreak of COVID-19 does not appear to have altered the trend of COPD disease burden changes but continued monitoring and adaptive management are essential. Meanwhile, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, smoking and tobacco exposure remain important risk factors contributing to the burden of COPD, underscoring the urgent need for heightened attention from the public and relevant authorities.
A cross-sectional study of secondhand tobacco exposures and attitudes towards Senate Bill 793 in Latino mothers and middle and high school students in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Michel K, Wojcicki JM
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42293794 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Secondhand smoke (SHS) and aerosol (SHA) exposures continue to be at unacceptably high levels in California, including among Latino communities, increasing the risk for chronic disease. California enacted l...
INTRODUCTION: Secondhand smoke (SHS) and aerosol (SHA) exposures continue to be at unacceptably high levels in California, including among Latino communities, increasing the risk for chronic disease. California enacted legislation to reduce tobacco use and initiation, particularly among adolescents, through Senate Bill (SB) 793 which forbids the sale of flavored tobacco products in California. Our study evaluated exposures to smoking, including e-cigarette use and combustible smoking, and SHS and SHA among primarily foreign-born, Spanish-speaking Latina mothers and US-born middle and high school children via a survey in the greater San Francisco Bay Area in 2023-2024. METHODS: Using a longitudinal cohort of Latina mothers and their middle and high school children, surveys were used to assess attitudes towards SHS and SHA exposures and SB 793 including the ability to purchase flavored tobacco products. Means and standard deviations were used to characterize continuous predictors and outcomes and percentages for categorical ones. T-tests, Fisher's exact and chi-squared tests were use to assess possible associations between demographics and outcomes. All data was analyzed cross-sectionally. RESULTS: In a sample of 115 predominantly Spanish-speaking mothers and US-born high school (n=50) and middle school (n=30) students in the greater San Francisco Bay Area, we found that >50% of high school students reported SHS and/or SHA exposures in the last 7 days. Unlike their mothers and middle school students, high school students often had exposures at school (in bathrooms, walkways and outdoors). High school students avoided SHS and SHA less than their mothers (34% vs 12%; p<0.01). High school students were more skeptical that SB 793 had changed the ability to source flavored tobacco products than their mothers or middle school students who believed in the efficacy of the law. CONCLUSIONS: Future interventions should target students prior to high school as there were significant differences in attitudes based on age group. High schools have an unacceptably high amount of SHS and SHA exposure, and future interventions need to be high school-based.
Trends and cross-country inequalities in the global burden of gastrointestinal cancers attributable to smoking, 1990-2021: A secondary dataset analysis of GBD Study 2021.
Yang J, Yu C, Cui W … +5 more , Ji J, Hao J, Yao J, Li Y, Zhou J
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42292703 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers, are major contributors to the global cancer burden. Epidemiological trends of GI cancers attributable to smoking have no...
INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers, are major contributors to the global cancer burden. Epidemiological trends of GI cancers attributable to smoking have not been comprehensively examined. We aim to evaluate the burden of GI cancers attributable to smoking and its cross-country inequalities from 1990 to 2021. METHODS: A secondary assessment of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) datasets was conducted. Deaths, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized rate of DALYs (ASDR), and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were obtained from the GBD 2021. Spearman's rank test and a locally weighted regression (LOESS) model were utilized as analytical models. We quantified the inequalities using the slope index of inequality (SII) and the concentration index (Crl) associated with the national sociodemographic index. RESULTS: In 2021, the ASMR for smoking-attributable esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers was 2.38 (95% UI: 1.81-2.98), 1.25 (95% UI: 0.98-1.61), and 0.55 (95% UI: 0.34-0.77) per 100000 persons, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, there was a downward trend in the ASMRs and ASDRs for all three GI cancers attributed to smoking. The distribution and trajectory of the burden of disease exhibits considerable variation across regions. The three GI cancers had positive SIIs and Crls, with their Crls changing from 0.03 to 0.21 (esophageal cancer), 0.12 to 0.19 (gastric cancer), and 0.32 to 0.28 (colorectal cancer) between 1990 and 2021, suggesting that the disease burden is more prevalent and concentrated in countries with higher SDIs. However, heterogeneity was observed in the changes of absolute and relative inequality of the three GI cancers attributable to smoking between 1990 and 2021. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of GI cancer associated with smoking has increased in some regions from 1990 to 2021. These differing regional patterns may suggest a potential need for further assessment or targeted interventions in some areas.
The impact of nicotine dependence and smoking pattern changes on short- and long-term smoking cessation outcomes: The role of sociodemographic factors in a retrospective cohort study.
Doğan BD, Doğan M
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42272457 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Smoking cessation success in real-world clinical settings remains limited, particularly among individuals with high levels of nicotine dependence. Although smoking cessation clinics are widely used, evidenc...
INTRODUCTION: Smoking cessation success in real-world clinical settings remains limited, particularly among individuals with high levels of nicotine dependence. Although smoking cessation clinics are widely used, evidence regarding factors influencing both short- and long-term cessation outcomes is still limited. This study aimed to evaluate the association of nicotine dependence, smoking pattern changes, and sociodemographic characteristics with short-term (6-month) and long-term (12-month) smoking cessation outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Smoking Cessation Outpatient Clinic of Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Faculty of Medicine Hospital. Adult patients who applied to the clinic between June 2023 and June 2024 and completed a 12-month follow-up between June 2024 and June 2025 were included. Sociodemographic characteristics, smoking-related variables, nicotine dependence assessed using the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND), and psychological characteristics were obtained retrospectively from medical records and self-reported follow-up assessments. Smoking cessation status at 6 and 12 months was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: At 12 months, 36.1% of participants achieved smoking cessation. Higher levels of nicotine dependence were consistently associated with lower odds of smoking cessation at both 6 and 12 months. Participants with very high nicotine dependence had significantly lower adjusted odds of smoking cessation at 12 months compared with those with very low dependence (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=0.078; 95% CI: 0.03-0.22). Changes in smoking patterns during follow-up, including both increases and decreases in cigarette consumption, were also independently associated with reduced long-term cessation success. CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine dependence severity and changes in smoking behavior are key determinants of long-term smoking cessation outcomes in real-world clinical settings. Identifying individuals at high risk of cessation failure may support more individualized follow-up strategies in smoking cessation clinics.
Smoking and social inequalities in France, 20 years of evolution: A secondary dataset analysis of health barometers.
Pasquereau A, Guignard R, Andler R … +2 more , Beck F, Nguyen-Thanh V
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42272456 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Since the early 2000s, smoking prevalence has declined overall in France. This study aims to describe the evolution of social inequalities in smoking in relation to anti-smoking policy between 2000 and 2021...
INTRODUCTION: Since the early 2000s, smoking prevalence has declined overall in France. This study aims to describe the evolution of social inequalities in smoking in relation to anti-smoking policy between 2000 and 2021. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of data from Santé Publique France's Health Barometers, cross-sectional telephone surveys conducted between 2000 and 2021 on random samples of the French population aged 18-75 years (between 9074 and 28224 people were surveyed, depending on the edition). Evolutions in prevalence according to socio-economic status (level of education, income, and occupational status) were modeled using Poisson regression. RESULTS: Overall, social inequalities related to smoking increased between 2000 and 2021, with the prevalence of daily smoking rising among individuals with lower levels of education (from 30% to 32%), lower incomes or unemployed, while declining among more advantaged groups (e.g. from 28% to 17% for individuals with the highest levels of education). The analysis reveals three distinct phases: an increase in inequalities between 2000 and 2016, e.g. the association between smoking and a level of education below high school increased (adjusted interaction term, AIT=1.027; 95% CI: 1.021-1.033, per year) compared to those with a level of education above high school. Disparities then stabilized between 2016 and 2019. Finally, a resumption of the increase in inequalities related to education and income was observed between 2019 and 2021, e.g. over time, the association between smoking and a level of education below high school increased (AIT=1.071; 95% CI: 1.001-1.141). CONCLUSIONS: The 2016-2019 period was marked by the first national tobacco control plan, including numerous measures that addressed social inequalities. Over the same period, smoking declined among all socio-economic groups, and differences in smoking prevalence according to socio-economic status have stabilized, bringing an end to 16 years of increase. Unfortunately, inequality began to rise again in 2020-2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The effectiveness of a real-world smoking cessation clinic: A prospective cohort study.
Qin Q, Huang J, Huang L … +5 more , Liang S, Zhang P, Li Y, Tao L, Wei Q
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42272455 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Smoking cessation clinics are an important component of tobacco control strategies. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a hospital-based smoking cessation clinic and to examine factors associat...
INTRODUCTION: Smoking cessation clinics are an important component of tobacco control strategies. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a hospital-based smoking cessation clinic and to examine factors associated with successful smoking cessation in routine clinical practice. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted at a Smoking Cessation Clinic in China. Smokers who attended the clinic between January 2021 and June 2025 were consecutively enrolled and followed up at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The primary outcome was self-reported continuous abstinence at 6 months. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with successful quitting. RESULTS: A total of 141 smokers were included in the study. The point prevalence abstinence rate was 33.82% at 1 month and 30.28% at 6 months. The rate of quit attempts increased from 73.53% at 1 month to 84.40% at 6 months. The multivariable analysis showed older age was positively associated with successful cessation (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.18, p=0.02). Receiving smoking cessation support from parents (AOR=4.06; 95% CI: 1.22-13.52, p=0.02) and other individuals (AOR=6.84; 95% CI: 1.26-37.01, p=0.03) was associated with higher odds of quitting. Compared to smokers who had used smoking cessation drugs, those who had not used medications had lower odds of successful cessation (AOR=0.21; 95% CI: 0.06-0.74, p=0.02), while poorer self-rated health status was also linked to higher odds of abstinence (AOR=4.45; 95% CI: 1.22-16.19, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In a real-world Chinese cessation clinic, approximately one-third of smokers achieved six-month abstinence. Smoking cessation clinics may help support quit attempts and sustained abstinence among smokers seeking cessation services. Enhancing social support, improving access to pharmacotherapy, and strengthening risk communication may further improve cessation outcomes.
Tobacco smoke exposure and spine fracture risk in US adults: A cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2010, 2013-2014, 2017-2020.
Zhang R, Long W, Li Y
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42272454 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: While tobacco smoke is an established risk factor for multiple pathological conditions, its specific relationship with spine fracture remains inadequately characterized in the scientific literature. This st...
INTRODUCTION: While tobacco smoke is an established risk factor for multiple pathological conditions, its specific relationship with spine fracture remains inadequately characterized in the scientific literature. This study was designed to assess the potential link between tobacco smoke exposure and spine fracture prevalence among US adults, and to investigate the presence of a dose-response gradient. METHODS: We performed an analytical cross-sectional study utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2010, 2013-2014, 2017-2020. Serum cotinine concentrations were employed as an objective biomarker for tobacco smoke exposure. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to quantify the association between smoke exposure and a diagnosis of spine fracture. We performed a rigorous evaluation of the association's consistency through subgroup stratification. Further, we characterized the dose-response relationship using restricted cubic splines (RCS) with threshold effect analysis to detect possible non-linear patterns. RESULTS: Our final analytical cohort included 31124 eligible participants. After comprehensive covariate adjustment, multivariable analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between tobacco smoke exposure and spine fracture risk. When treated as a continuous variable, a significant positive linear dose-response relationship was observed: the natural log-transformed cotinine concentration maintained a significant positive association with spine fracture risk across all progressively adjusted models (OR=1.04; 95% CI: 1.02-1.06). As a categorical variable, participants with serum cotinine concentrations indicative of active smoking (≥3 ng/mL) demonstrated a 41% elevated spine fracture risk compared to those with unexposed participants (<0.05 ng/mL, reference group). The consistency of the observed association was further affirmed through stratified analyses and interaction testing across all demographic and clinical subgroups, lending robust support to our primary finding. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis provides evidence that tobacco smoke exposure is independently associated with an increased risk of spine fracture. These findings underscore the public health imperative to implement tobacco control measures.
Prevalence and patterns of e-cigarette use among school-aged adolescents in Peru, 2024.
Vargas-Fernández R, Hernández-Vásquez A
Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMID 42254601 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: The rapid rise in e-cigarette use among adolescents has become a global public health concern. Although regional data from Latin America exist, Peru lacks national evidence. We aimed to estimate the prevale...
INTRODUCTION: The rapid rise in e-cigarette use among adolescents has become a global public health concern. Although regional data from Latin America exist, Peru lacks national evidence. We aimed to estimate the prevalence, describe patterns and explore motivations for e-cigarette use among secondary school students. METHODS: We conducted a secondary data analysis of the 2024 National survey on drug use in secondary school students of Peru. The survey was administered through questionnaires to 45345 students from grades 1-5 of secondary education in urban areas. Weighted prevalences of ever, past 12-month, current and dual use (concurrent use of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes) were estimated. Analyses were conducted by sex and sources of access and motivations for use were also assessed. RESULTS: We included 45089 adolescents. Girls initiated e-cigarette use earlier than boys [age 14.7 (SD=1.3) vs 15.0 (SD=1.4) years, p<0.001]. The prevalence of ever use was 16.0% (95% CI: 15.5-16.6), higher in girls than boys (17.1% vs 15.0%, p<0.001). Past 12-month use was 10.9% (95% CI: 10.5-11.3), mostly 1-5 days, while current use was 6.9% (95% CI: 6.6-7.3) with no sex differences. Dual use was reported by 5.1% in the past 12 months and 2.7% in the past 30 days, the latter more frequent in boys (p=0.005). Moreover, the proportion of adolescents reporting each outcome increased progressively from first to the fifth grade. The main sources of access were convenience stores (29.7%) and neighborhood shops (18.1%). The leading motivations for use were flavor (30.8%), curiosity (20.4%) and stress management (12.9%). Differences in motivations were evident by sex and type of school. CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarette use is common among Peruvian adolescents, with dual use suggesting early nicotine dependence. Easy retail access and appealing flavors highlight regulatory gaps. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify use trajectories and incidence and to inform effective public health and regulatory policies.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe