Journal Of Medicinal Food[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Ellagic Acid Attenuates MASLD by Reducing Hepatic Lipogenesis and Fibrosis in ApoE Mice Fed a Cholesterol- and Cholate-Rich Paigen Diet.
Choi Y, Kim E, Park SH … +2 more , Kang YH, Jeon S
J Med Food · 2026 Jun · PMID 41910952 · Publisher ↗
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a chronic liver condition with a rising global incidence, closely linked to metabolic risk factors such as dyslipidemia. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apo...
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a chronic liver condition with a rising global incidence, closely linked to metabolic risk factors such as dyslipidemia. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE/) mice fed a Paigen diet are an established model for MASLD and atherosclerosis research. This study investigated the effects of ellagic acid (EA) on MASLD progression in ApoE/ mice fed a Paigen diet. Wild-type (WT) and ApoE/ mice were fed a Paigen diet for 10 weeks to induce metabolic dysregulation. ApoE/ mice were concurrently administered either EA (10 mg/kg/day orally) or no treatment. After 10 weeks, ApoE/ mice exhibited significant hepatic lipid accumulation, confirmed by increased Oil Red O staining. EA treatment significantly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, EA administration decreased hepatic expression of lipogenic proteins, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, fatty acid synthase, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha. The hepatic fibrogenic marker, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), was significantly elevated in ApoE/ mice compared with WT, and was significantly reduced by EA. In addition, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) protein levels and downstream SMAD signaling components, including phosphorylated SMAD2 and total SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD4, were significantly attenuated by EA treatment. In conclusion, EA effectively ameliorated MASLD and hypercholesterolemia in ApoE/ mice fed a Paigen diet. The beneficial effects of EA may be mediated through downregulating lipogenic pathways and suppressing TGF-β/SMAD signaling.
Lutein-Zeaxanthin Extract (XanMax 2002) Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Memory Deficits in HO-Exposed Neuro-2a Cells and Scopolamine-Induced Mice.
Lee Y, Kim H, Kim J … +5 more , Park J, Gwon Y, Kim J, Mk P, Jun W
J Med Food · 2026 May · PMID 41910542 · Publisher ↗
Age-related cognitive impairment is often linked to cholinergic dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. This study explored the neuroprotective potential of lutein-zeaxanthin extract (XanMax 2002; LZ) through both a...
Age-related cognitive impairment is often linked to cholinergic dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. This study explored the neuroprotective potential of lutein-zeaxanthin extract (XanMax 2002; LZ) through both and approaches. , Neuro-2a cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (HO) were treated with LZ (5-20 μg/mL), leading to decreased expression of apoptosis-related proteins. , memory impairment was induced by scopolamine in C57BL/6N mice, followed by oral administration of LZ (4 or 8 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Behavioral assessments-including the Morris water maze, Y-maze, and passive avoidance tests-demonstrated significant improvements in spatial learning, working memory, and memory retention in LZ-treated groups, particularly at the higher dose. Biochemical analysis revealed increased acetylcholine levels, reduced acetylcholinesterase activity, and downregulation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory markers in brain tissue. Moreover, LZ supplementation upregulated genes associated with synaptic function and memory. The cognitive-enhancing effects of LZ were comparable with those of donepezil. These findings suggest that LZ may exert neuroprotective effects through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms and are a potential dietary intervention for cognitive decline.
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose as a Functional Dietary Fiber Preserves Intestinal Barrier Integrity via NF-κB Modulation Under Inflammatory Conditions.
Kim M, Cho CH, Kim S … +4 more , Oh MJ, Park HY, Choi IW, Lee SH
J Med Food · 2026 Apr · PMID 41879168 · Publisher ↗
Intestinal epithelial barrier integrity is crucial for maintaining gut homeostasis and preventing luminal inflammation. Disruption of tight junctions (TJs) by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α an...
Intestinal epithelial barrier integrity is crucial for maintaining gut homeostasis and preventing luminal inflammation. Disruption of tight junctions (TJs) by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ contributes to barrier dysfunction, a hallmark of disorders like inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), a widely used excipient and dietary fiber, against cytokine-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction in Caco-2 cell monolayers. HPMC treatment preserved transepithelial electrical resistance, reduced paracellular leakage of FITC-dextran, and significantly suppressed the secretion of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. Furthermore, HPMC restored the expression and localization of TJ proteins zonula occludens-1 and occludin and attenuated NF-κB activation by inhibiting IκBα phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear translocation. These findings indicate that HPMC counteracts cytokine-driven epithelial barrier disruption through coordinated anti-inflammatory and barrier-stabilizing actions. Collectively, our results demonstrate that noncytotoxic HPMC (12.5-100 μg/mL) has potential as a safe pharmaceutical excipient and functional dietary fiber capable of supporting intestinal health under inflammatory conditions.
Inhaling Odor-Active Compounds of Var. Suppresses Inflammation-Related Transcriptomic Signatures in LPS-Exposed SD Rat Brains: Applications of GC-MS-O and RNA Sequencing.
Youn MY, Kim JK, Park H … +8 more , Ban Y, Yu SY, Moon HS, Hong SJ, Lee K, Shin HR, Kim YJ, Shin EC
J Med Food · 2026 Jun · PMID 41879167 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated the effects of nasal inhalation of var. (OFA) extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged rats. Electronic nose analysis of the OFA extracts identified 25 volatile organic compounds. Gas chro...
This study investigated the effects of nasal inhalation of var. (OFA) extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged rats. Electronic nose analysis of the OFA extracts identified 25 volatile organic compounds. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O) analysis revealed that -ionone, linalool, and related derivatives are the primary odor-active compounds in the OFA extract. LPS exposure increased pro-inflammatory markers like tumor necrosis factor-alpha, caused organ hypertrophy in the liver, lungs, and spleen, and altered transcriptional profiles linked to nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-Β) and immune pathways. RNA sequencing of brain tissues showed that while LPS strongly elevated NF-Β and cytokine pathways, this effect was less pronounced in OFA-treated rats, indicating reduced LPS-driven inflammation at the transcriptome level. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of OFA extract, abundant in -ionone and linalool, to mitigate inflammatory signaling and improve select metabolic markers in an LPS-induced inflammatory model.
Heat-Treated Culture-Dried L-14 Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Attenuates Diet-Induced Obesity in Adipose Tissue.
Park J, Jun W
J Med Food · 2026 Apr · PMID 41879162 · Publisher ↗
Obesity is a major global health concern associated with metabolic complications such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and chronic inflammation. Hence, we investigated the effects of heat-treated culture-dried L-14...
Obesity is a major global health concern associated with metabolic complications such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and chronic inflammation. Hence, we investigated the effects of heat-treated culture-dried L-14 (L14) supplementation on lipid metabolism and obesity-related metabolic dysregulation in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed an HFD with or without L14 supplementation for 10 weeks. Throughout this period, body weight, fat mass, and biochemical parameters were evaluated, while adipose tissue was analyzed for histological changes and gene expression related to lipogenesis and lipolysis. L14 supplementation significantly reduced body weight and fat mass without affecting food intake. Serum glucose levels, lipid profiles, and liver function markers were improved in the supplemented groups. Histological and micro-CT analyses showed reduced fat mass and adipocyte size in adipose tissue. At the molecular level, L14 downregulated key lipogenic genes , , , , , and while upregulating genes , , , , , , and involved in lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. These findings indicate that L14 suppresses lipid synthesis while enhancing lipid breakdown and energy utilization in adipose tissue. L14 effectively mitigated HFD-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation by modulating lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. These results suggest that L14 has potential as a functional probiotic for the management of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Supplemental Lycopene Reduces Feed Intake, Increases Fluid Consumption, and Enhances Bone and Stomach Growth in Growing Wistar Rats Fed a High-Fructose Diet.
Shafe MO, Gumede NM, Nyakudya TT … +1 more , Chivandi E
J Med Food · 2026 Aug · PMID 41870163 · Publisher ↗
Dietary modification in early life can either increase susceptibility or improve resistance to metabolic diseases in adulthood. This study evaluated the potential of lycopene to mitigate metabolic derangements caused by...
Dietary modification in early life can either increase susceptibility or improve resistance to metabolic diseases in adulthood. This study evaluated the potential of lycopene to mitigate metabolic derangements caused by a high-fructose diet in rats mimicking adolescents fed a high-fructose diet. Ninety-six weanling Wistar rats (male and female, aged 21 days) were randomly allocated to six treatment groups: (1) standard rat chow (SRC), plain drinking water (PDW), and plain gelatin cubes (PG); (2) SRC + PDW + 20% fructose solution (FS); (3) SRC + FS + 100 mg/kg fenofibrate (FENO) + PG; and (4-6) SRC + FS with lycopene at 30, 60, and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively, for 12 weeks. Body mass, feed, and fluid intake were measured twice weekly. At termination, rats were fasted overnight, weighed, euthanized, and assessed for gastrointestinal viscera, femora, and tibiae parameters, including mass and length, with bone mass-to-length ratios computed. The rats grew significantly ( < .05) during the trial. Control males had higher mean weekly body mass than medium-dose lycopene-supplemented rats (weeks 3-4) and fenofibrate-treated rats (weeks 10-12), and higher terminal body mass than fructose-fed and fenofibrate groups ( < .05). In both sexes, controls had greater total feed intake (TFI) than all groups ( < .05). Lycopene reduced TFI but increased fluid intake compared with control and fenofibrate-treated groups ( < .05). Fenofibrate increased total calorie intake in females compared with all groups and in males compared with fructose-fed and lycopene-supplemented groups ( < .05). Lycopene-supplemented males had heavier femora and longer tibiae than fenofibrate-treated counterparts ( < .05). Medium- and high-dose lycopene increased stomach mass in males compared with controls, while low-dose lycopene reduced small intestine mass compared with fenofibrate ( < .05). Lycopene may support bone health, enhance gastric function, and prevent fenofibrate-induced bone loss in male Wistar rats.
Effects of HP7 Against -Induced Gastric Mucosal Inflammation and Mucosal Protection.
Lee H, Lee JY, Lee JH … +5 more , Kim JY, Choi ID, Shim JJ, Lee JH, Lee YH
J Med Food · 2026 Jun · PMID 41870161 · Publisher ↗
() is a major pathogen that colonizes the human gastric surface and induces chronic inflammation and mucosal damage, leading to various gastric diseases. This study examined the gastroprotective effects of HP7 in an -in...
() is a major pathogen that colonizes the human gastric surface and induces chronic inflammation and mucosal damage, leading to various gastric diseases. This study examined the gastroprotective effects of HP7 in an -infected animal model. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: normal control, -infected control (HP), -infected group treated with live HP7 for 4 weeks (L-HP7), and -infected group treated with heat-killed HP7 for 4 weeks (HK-HP7). The results showed that serum histamine and gastrin levels, as well as gastric mucosal inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, interferon gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, were significantly reduced in both the L-HP7 and HK-HP7 groups. Histopathological scoring of hematoxylin & eosin-stained gastric mucosal tissues also showed significant improvements in both groups. Serum anti- immunoglobulin G (IgG) and CCK2R mRNA levels decreased in the L-HP7 group, whereas MUC1 mRNA levels increased. Collectively, these findings indicate that HP7, in both live and heat-killed forms, protects gastric surface epithelial and mucosal cells and alleviates inflammatory status by reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. HP7 may serve as a promising adjunct to antibiotics in the management of -associated diseases.
Genetic Variation of Human Long-Chain Fatty Acyl-CoA Synthetase and Nutritional Implication.
Bu SY
J Med Food · 2026 May · PMID 41870158 · Publisher ↗
Interindividual genetic differences influence the metabolism, absorption, and utilization of nutrients in various biological processes. In nutrition research, elucidating gene functions and understanding polymorphisms ar...
Interindividual genetic differences influence the metabolism, absorption, and utilization of nutrients in various biological processes. In nutrition research, elucidating gene functions and understanding polymorphisms are essential for clarifying how genetic variations influence individual responses to diet, metabolism, and health outcomes. Long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL) catalyzes the conversion of long-chain fatty acids into acyl-CoA forms, which are channeled into multiple metabolic processes. Several isoforms of ACSL have been identified, each with unique metabolic properties. The functional characterization of ACSL has been extensively explored both and in recent years. These experimental investigations of gene functions may provide valuable information for human applications. This review summarizes polymorphisms reported to date and their functional implications. Most studies on human have employed genome-wide association studies, and each reported single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been associated with specialized functions, but the metabolic effects of SNPs were moderate or, in some traits, remain inconclusive. Yet, the direction of gene expression or function based on each ACSL variant has not been clearly indicated in existing genome-wide association studies' results. Thus, ACSL-based target mechanisms for nutrition intervention could not be specified. Further research should be conducted on studies that employ expression quantitative trait loci datasets, standardized nutrition assessment, and polygenic score approaches.
Neohesperidin from Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effects and Modulates Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling in a Chronic Stress Model.
Chun E, Yoon S, Iqbal H … +4 more , Kim SY, Kim SH, Choi JJ, Jin M
J Med Food · 2026 May · PMID 41854123 · Publisher ↗
Depression, a mood disorder characterized by persistent negative emotions and impaired functioning, is associated with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) dysfu...
Depression, a mood disorder characterized by persistent negative emotions and impaired functioning, is associated with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) dysfunction. (AFI), the immature fruit of Linné, has been used in East Asian herbal medicine, and neohesperidin (NHD), a principal constituent of AFI, has been studied for its antidepressant properties. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of NHD, focusing on its ability to enhance GR expression and activity, thereby normalizing HPA axis function and mitigating neuroinflammation. AFI extract and its component NHD ameliorated depression-like behaviors in chronic restraint stress mice with normalized plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels. Moreover, NHD treatment reduced hippocampal expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes (, , , and ) while enhancing GR expression, particularly the exon 1 and 1 variants homologous to human GR variants implicated in depression. In cultured cells, NHD not only reversed CORT-induced neurite atrophy in N2a cells but also suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine release in BV2 microglia. Notably, gene silencing of the GR via siRNA abrogated these neuritogenic and antineuroinflammatory effects, demonstrating that NHD exerts its antidepressant and neuroinflammation-suppressive actions in a GR-dependent manner. These findings suggest a promising therapeutic potential for AFI and NHD in stress-related depressive disorders, offering a multi-target approach that addresses both stress response and neuroinflammation through modulation of GR expression.
Effect of Low-Lactose Processed Milk on Clinical Symptoms and Gut Microbiome Modulation in Lactose-Intolerant Adults.
Jung DH, Cha JM, Kim HN … +7 more , Lee YR, Nam GM, Lee CK, Kim CH, Lim HS, Lee JY, Lim HS
J Med Food · 2026 Feb · PMID 41837476 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-lactose processed milk consumption on body composition, clinical indicators, hydrogen breath levels, and gut microbiome changes in Korean adults with lactose intolerance. A...
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-lactose processed milk consumption on body composition, clinical indicators, hydrogen breath levels, and gut microbiome changes in Korean adults with lactose intolerance. A total of 32 participants diagnosed with lactose intolerance, as determined by a hydrogen breath test, were enrolled in the study. During the 30-day intervention period, participants consumed one serving per day of banana-flavored milk containing 10.2 g of lactose. Stool and breath samples were collected before and after the intervention to assess changes in gut microbiota composition and lactose malabsorption. Following the intervention, significant improvements were observed in body composition, including reductions in body fat percentage ( < .001) and increases in fat-free mass ( < .001), skeletal muscle mass ( < .001), and soft-tissue lean mass ( < .001). Blood pressure also decreased; however, no significant changes were observed in hematological markers. Hydrogen breath test results demonstrated a significant reduction in hydrogen breath levels, and 40.6% of participants were reclassified as negative for lactose intolerance post-intervention. While no significant changes were observed in alpha diversity or overall microbial composition across all participants, a significant increase in the relative abundance of the ( = .007) was detected in individuals who tested negative for lactose intolerance after consuming the intervention food. These findings suggest that consuming low-lactose processed milk improves lactose intolerance, body composition, and gut microbiota composition, providing a feasible dietary strategy for managing lactose intolerance in adults.
1,6α-Dihydroxyeudesm-4(15)-ene Protects Against MPP-Induced Cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells: An Model of Parkinson's Disease.
Svay T, Pariyar R, Bastola T … +4 more , Yoon CS, Lee ES, Oh H, Seo J
J Med Food · 2026 Feb · PMID 41837475 · Publisher ↗
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, which regulates body movements. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) is a wid...
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, which regulates body movements. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) is a widely used neurotoxin for studying the neurodegenerative process in PD models. 1β,6α-Dihydroxyeudesm-4(15)-ene (DE) is a sesquiterpene isolated from myrrh, previously reported to exhibit anti-neuroinflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of DE on MPP-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. We demonstrated that DE reverses MPP-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells in a dose-dependent manner. DE attenuated the MPP-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of cytochrome from mitochondria, and the activation of caspase-3. In addition, DE decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio as well as the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide stimulated by MPP in SH-SY5Y cells. MPP treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) while decreasing the phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs). These effects were reversed by DE pretreatment. Furthermore, treatment with the ERK inhibitor PD98059 abolished the DE-induced protection against MPP cytotoxicity, and p38 inhibitor SB203580 or JNK inhibitor SP600125 mimicked DE-induced cytoprotective effects against MPP. Our results demonstrate that DE exerts neuroprotective effects against MPP-induced cytotoxicity by mitigating nitrosative stress, alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, suggesting its therapeutic potential in PD.
Hot-Air-Dried Mill. Extracts Prevent Retinal Inflammation and Unfolded Protein Responses in ARPE-19 Cells.
Cho M, Lee J, Kim Y … +4 more , Kim YJ, Doguer C, Kim M, Ha JH
J Med Food · 2026 Feb · PMID 41837474 · Publisher ↗
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) constitute leading causes of irreversible visual impairment; both are pathologically linked to chronic inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stre...
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) constitute leading causes of irreversible visual impairment; both are pathologically linked to chronic inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of hot-air-dried Mill. extract (ESH) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and thapsigargin (Tg)-induced inflammatory and ER stress responses, respectively, in ARPE-19 cells. ESH pretreatment significantly suppressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), inhibitor of kappa B alpha, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, indicating effective inhibition of inflammatory signaling cascades. At the transcriptional level, ESH markedly attenuated the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA, suggesting downstream prevention of NF-κB-mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated inflammatory gene activation. Under ER stress conditions, ESH significantly attenuated the upregulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein and X-box binding protein-1, along with reductions in the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and -9, indicating mitigation of ER stress-associated retinal apoptosis. Additionally, ESH prevented Tg-inducible vascular endothelial growth factor () mRNA expression, VEGF protein secretion, and intracellular calcium level. Strong positive correlations were observed between intracellular calcium and VEGF secretion (r = 0.888), and between mRNA and protein levels (r = 0.843), supporting a potential mechanistic link. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that ESH modulates inflammatory, ER stress, apoptotic, and angiogenic pathways, suggesting its potential as a functional dietary supplement to mitigate RPE dysfunction in AMD and DR.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated BV2 Microglial Cells via MAPK and Nrf2 Signaling.
Choi JW, Jeon K, Choi SY … +2 more , Lee HHL, Hur J
J Med Food · 2026 Feb · PMID 41837473 · Publisher ↗
Microglia are activated in response to injury, infection, and toxic pro-inflammatory molecules that threaten neuronal survival. Long-term microglial activation plays a crucial role in the progression of neurodegenerative...
Microglia are activated in response to injury, infection, and toxic pro-inflammatory molecules that threaten neuronal survival. Long-term microglial activation plays a crucial role in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, and negative regulators of this process have been recognized as potential therapeutic options for various neurological disorders. In this study, we evaluated the effects of (L.f.) Presl (CFL) extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of BV2 microglial cells. CFL extracts significantly reduced excessive nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells and decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including . Pretreatment with CFL extracts markedly suppressed the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38, JNK, and ERK1/2) and nuclear factor kappa B and modulated the antioxidant transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. In conclusion, these results indicate that CFL extracts exert neuroprotective effects by inhibiting pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and modulating antioxidant defense mechanisms, suggesting their potential as therapeutic candidates for neuroinflammatory disorders.
-A Functional Leafy Vegetable and Medicinal Herb: A Comprehensive Review of Scientific Evidence and Proposed Mechanisms Underlying Its Influence on Circadian Rhythm.
Thisanjula MD, Somendrika D, Abeysundara PA
J Med Food · 2026 Mar · PMID 41830548 · Publisher ↗
(BM) is a known leafy vegetable with reported uses in traditional medicine in many countries. In traditional medicine, has been used to manage neurological disorders, enhance memory, and address sleep problems. As it is...
(BM) is a known leafy vegetable with reported uses in traditional medicine in many countries. In traditional medicine, has been used to manage neurological disorders, enhance memory, and address sleep problems. As it is already recognized as a leafy vegetable suitable for consumption by both children and adults, it is timely to investigate its potential in addressing one of the most prevalent health issues in modern society-sleep disorders. This review connects traditional medicinal knowledge and modern scientific findings by examining the chronotherapeutic potential of . Relevant studies on and its effects on circadian rhythm and sleep quality were identified through a systematic and comprehensive examination of the literature. A total of 160 references, including research articles, review articles, and book chapters, were identified and summarized to provide the current scientific evidence on the effects of in improving sleep quality. After a thorough review, three possible pathways were identified: 's effects on brain neurotransmitters responsible for circadian rhythm, hormonal regulation, and its effect on stress levels, which indirectly affect sleep quality. Scientific evidence supporting the use of for sleep or circadian regulation remains limited and has shown mixed results. Some studies report improved sleep duration and reduced stress, with strong evidence suggesting that has significant potential to improve sleep quality; others show no significant effect on sleep quality. Therefore, more standardized studies are needed to confirm whether is effective in improving sleep quality.
A Review on Evaluation of Flavonoids as Potential Pharmaceutical Ingredients.
Simsek S, Akyol E, Kucuk I
J Med Food · 2026 Aug · PMID 41823144 · Publisher ↗
Flavonoids have antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties and are promising candidates for therapeutic and health-promoting applications. The effects of bioactive compounds on health are contingent upo...
Flavonoids have antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties and are promising candidates for therapeutic and health-promoting applications. The effects of bioactive compounds on health are contingent upon their ingestion and bioavailability. The impact of flavonoids on humans and their potential as food supplements can often be predicted using ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) modeling. The aim of this review is to examine the drug-like properties of flavonoids using SwissADME and evaluate their pharmaceutical potential as supplements. In the future, flavonoids are expected to find wider use not only as food preservatives or colorants but also as functional food ingredients and nutraceutical supplements. Trends in personalized nutrition, healthy aging, and strategies for chronic disease prevention will particularly enhance the value of flavonoids. However, for this potential to be realized, clarification of regulations, strengthening of toxicological data, and intensifying collaboration between industry and academia are crucial.
Comparative Effects of Extract and a Complex of , , and Extracts on Skin Aging: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Cho Y, Shen J, Li J … +1 more , Yoo J
J Med Food · 2026 Apr · PMID 41817298 · Publisher ↗
Skin aging, driven by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, leads to wrinkles and dryness, primarily due to reduced levels of collagen and hyaluronic acid. extract (Agatri, AG) and a complex of , , and extracts (AGEs Blocke...
Skin aging, driven by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, leads to wrinkles and dryness, primarily due to reduced levels of collagen and hyaluronic acid. extract (Agatri, AG) and a complex of , , and extracts (AGEs Blocker™, AB) have been suggested to support skin health in previous studies. Based on preclinical evidence supporting AB's superior efficacy compared to AG, we aimed to investigate whether these effects could also be observed in humans. To this end, we directly compared the effects of AG and AB on skin parameters in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-five participants were randomized to receive AG (1000 mg/day), AB (500 mg/day), or maltodextrin tablets for 12 weeks. After 8 and 12 weeks of supplementation, both AG and AB significantly reduced wrinkle size and transepidermal water loss compared to placebo. The skin moisture content, dermal density, and elasticity were also improved by supplementation with AG and AB. Notably, AB demonstrated greater efficacy than AG in enhancing these skin parameters. Taken together, this study provides the first clinical evidence that both AG and AB supplementation improves multiple features of skin aging, with AB demonstrating superior efficacy. These findings suggest that AG and AB may serve as promising candidates for the development of dietary supplements targeting skin health.
Clinical Efficacy of the Probiotic CMU in Adults with Gingivitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
Jeon HW, Yang KI, Yu SJ … +2 more , Kang MS, Lee WP
J Med Food · 2026 Jun · PMID 41817287 · Publisher ↗
Periodontal disease results from dysbiotic oral biofilms and the host's inflammatory response. Given the limitations of conventional therapies, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CMU (OraCMU) in imp...
Periodontal disease results from dysbiotic oral biofilms and the host's inflammatory response. Given the limitations of conventional therapies, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CMU (OraCMU) in improving gingival inflammation in individuals with gingivitis and incipient periodontitis. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 80 participants received either OraCMU tablets (2.0 × 10 CFU/g; = 40) or placebo ( = 40) twice daily for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was the gingival index (GI), and secondary outcomes included bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, plaque index, inflammation-related proteins, and oral microbiota. Clinical parameters were assessed at six preselected index teeth (#16, 12, 24, 32, 36, and 44). At week 8, the probiotic group showed significantly greater reductions in GI (-0.19 ± 0.03 vs. -0.08 ± 0.04; = .035) and BOP (-7.74 ± 1.54 vs. -2.82 ± 1.60; = .030) compared with the placebo group. Inflammatory markers, including fibroblast growth factor-5 ( = .003), thymic stromal lymphopoietin ( = .017), and the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio ( = .021), were significantly decreased. The levels of ( = .001), ( = .005), and ( = .046) were also significantly reduced, while increased ( < .001) in the probiotic group. Eight-week supplementation with OraCMU improved gingival health and modulated the oral microbiota and inflammatory response. No serious adverse events were reported during the study period. These findings support the potential clinical utility of OraCMU as a probiotic adjunct for managing gingivitis.
Fermented Whey Protein Supplement Slows the Progression of Frailty and Sarcopenia Among Older Korean Adults: A Randomized Blinded Trial.
Lim HS, Jung DH, Kim HY … +3 more , Lee JW, Kim YS, Shin H
J Med Food · 2026 Apr · PMID 41805014 · Publisher ↗
As the global population ages, frailty and sarcopenia have emerged as pressing public health challenges due to their impact on functional decline and increased health care burden. This study assessed the efficacy of lact...
As the global population ages, frailty and sarcopenia have emerged as pressing public health challenges due to their impact on functional decline and increased health care burden. This study assessed the efficacy of lactic acid bacteria-fermented whey protein (LAB-FWP) supplementation for improving physical function and nutritional markers in community-dwelling older Korean adults. A total of 45 individuals aged 65 years and older (body mass index 18.5-30) who had not used protein supplements in the prior 6 months were enrolled in a 10-week, randomized, blinded trial. Participants were assigned to either the intervention group ( = 22), which received 38 g/day of LAB-FWP, or the control group ( = 23), which received a taste- and texture-matched dextrin placebo. The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in physical performance, including an increase in electronic Short Physical Performance Battery (eSPPB) scores ( = .034) and hand grip strength ( = .043). Nutritional biomarkers also improved markedly: dietary vitamin D intake increased from 2.2 to 11.6 µg, calcium intake from 280.9 to 566.7 mg, and magnesium intake from 135.5 to 316.3 mg (all < .001). Compared with controls, the intervention group showed greater gains in skeletal muscle mass index (Δ = 1.5, = .004) and eSPPB scores (Δ = 1.4, = .017). Regression analysis revealed that physical function was positively associated with improvements in nutrition. Daily supplementation with LAB-FWP led to clinically meaningful enhancements in both functional capacity and nutritional status, suggesting its potential as a practical strategy to mitigate age-related frailty and sarcopenia.
Preventive Effect of Standardized Extract on Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C57BL/6N Mice.
Kang M, Kim EJ, Kim T … +4 more , Kim Y, Kang D, Kim C, Hwang JK
J Med Food · 2026 May · PMID 41801836 · Publisher ↗
Muscle atrophy, characterized by a decline in muscle mass and function, results from an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation. This study explored the effects of standardized extract (LCE) on dexamethasone...
Muscle atrophy, characterized by a decline in muscle mass and function, results from an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation. This study explored the effects of standardized extract (LCE) on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy. The mice were orally administered LCE for 17 days. Starting on day 7 of oral administration, DEX was intraperitoneally injected into mice daily for 10 days to induce muscle atrophy. LCE treatment significantly improved grip strength by 22.27% and 33.16% and increased muscle volume by 17.47% and 23.00% at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg/day, respectively, compared with the DEX group, and also markedly restored hind limb muscle weight. At the molecular level, LCE decreased the mRNA expression of myostatin, muscle ring finger1, and muscle atrophy F-box, which are involved in proteolysis, by inhibiting forkhead box O3a translocation. Furthermore, LCE activated the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and upregulated myogenesis-related genes via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway. It also reduced nuclear factor kappa B-mediated inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6. Thus, LCE may serve as a functional food ingredient that prevents muscle atrophy.
Low-Molecular-Weight Collagen Peptide Supplementation Improves Cellulite Severity, Skin Elasticity, and Hair Shaft Diameter: A Clinical Study with Pharmacokinetic Evaluation.
Hwang S, Won J, Kim S … +2 more , Kang W, Park M
J Med Food · 2026 Apr · PMID 41788055 · Publisher ↗
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential applications of low-molecular-weight collagen peptides (LMWCPs), produced through enzymatic hydrolysis of fish skin-derived gelatin using a specific protease. LMW...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential applications of low-molecular-weight collagen peptides (LMWCPs), produced through enzymatic hydrolysis of fish skin-derived gelatin using a specific protease. LMWCP is enriched in Gly-X-Y tripeptide sequences, particularly Gly-Pro-Hyp (GPH). Preliminary human pharmacokinetic data showed that oral LMWCP markedly increased systemic exposure to GPH, yielding an approximately 54-fold higher area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 2 h (3388 ± 1084 ng·h/mL) than general collagen. In a subsequent randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 114 women aged 20-50 years with thigh cellulite and self-reported hair thinning received either LMWCP (1000 mg/day) or placebo for 24 weeks. Efficacy endpoints included cellulite severity, dermal-subcutaneous border length, skin roughness, skin elasticity, and hair diameter. The LMWCP group demonstrated significant improvements in cellulite severity, dermal-subcutaneous border length, skin roughness, and skin elasticity at weeks 12 and 24 compared to the placebo group. Hair diameter also increased significantly at week 24, with a larger proportion of participants in the LMWCP group exhibiting measurable hair thickening. These findings indicate that LMWCP, characterized by high GPH content and enhanced systemic exposure resulting from targeted enzymatic hydrolysis, exerts beneficial effects on both skin and hair parameters. Daily intake of LMWCP for 24 weeks effectively reduces thigh cellulite and promotes hair thickness, supporting its potential as an orally administered functional ingredient for skin and hair health.
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