J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40987466
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Leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) with lemon frost morphologies are predisposed to iridophoroma, attributed to a tumor suppressor gene mutation also associated with melanoma in humans. In this case series, we descr...Leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) with lemon frost morphologies are predisposed to iridophoroma, attributed to a tumor suppressor gene mutation also associated with melanoma in humans. In this case series, we describe the clinical presentation, diagnostics, complications, and pathology of iridophoroma in 4 adult leopard geckos, including 2 super lemon frost females and 2 lemon frost males. All animals presented with hyporexia, intermittent lethargy, weight loss, submandibular masses, and oral plaques. In addition, females demonstrated asymmetric coelomic distension, and one male developed altered mentation. Initial differential diagnoses included metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal infectious diseases, and neoplasia. During clinical management of these cases, ultrasonography revealed hyperechoic hepatic nodules in all animals. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the subcutaneous submandibular masses found clusters of mesenchymal cells with abundant cytoplasm containing fine birefringent granules. Due to continued decline and poor prognosis, animals were euthanized and submitted for necropsy. Gross examination of all 4 geckos demonstrated skin thickening by white masses throughout the body and multifocal white hepatic plaques. Two females showed yellow, enlarged ovaries, and one of the males had hard intraluminal debris in the urinary bladder. Histopathology of the skin throughout the body showed the dermis and subcutis were infiltrated by myriad pleomorphic, ovoid to fusiform, brown-pigmented neoplastic cells characterized by abundant birefringent intra- and extracellular granules. FNA, ultrasound, necropsy, and histopathology results were consistent with diagnosis of malignant iridophoroma with metastasis to multiple visceral organs including the brain and ovary. In addition, both females developed preovulatory follicular stasis (POFS)-associated oophoritis, and one of the males demonstrated urolithiasis; all of which were considered as metabolic imbalance-related pathology due to hyporexia or tumor invasion. This report illustrates the diagnostic features of FNA, ultrasound, and histopathology of malignant iridophoroma in leopard geckos. It also discusses POFS and urolithiasis as multisystemic sequelae to malignant tumors in geckos.
Tu JR, Saenz M, Bloom-Saldana E
… +1 more, Fueger PT
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40987463
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Federal regulations require that appropriate analgesia be provided to laboratory animals for pain control. Carprofen and buprenorphine are 2 common analgesics used for laboratory mice (Mus musculus). However, given the p...Federal regulations require that appropriate analgesia be provided to laboratory animals for pain control. Carprofen and buprenorphine are 2 common analgesics used for laboratory mice (Mus musculus). However, given the potential gastrointestinal side effects that these analgesics have in various species, the impact of these analgesics on mice used in metabolic studies could be concerning. To investigate the impact of carprofen and sustained-release buprenorphine on food consumption, activity level, and whole-body metabolism, we administered carprofen alone or in combination with sustained-release buprenorphine to mice that underwent jugular vein and carotid artery catheterization, or a sham surgery. The mice were individually housed in instrumented metabolic cages to continuously quantify food consumption, activity levels, and energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry. We hypothesized that catheterized mice receiving both carprofen and sustained-release buprenorphine would have decreased food consumption and increased activity level compared with mice which received sham surgery and carprofen, and that catheterized mice treated with carprofen only would have similar food consumption and activity level as sham mice which received carprofen. Our results demonstrate that during the initial 12 hours after surgery, catheterized mice that received both carprofen and sustained-release buprenorphine were more active than sham mice which received carprofen, and they were more active and consumed more food than catheterized mice which received carprofen only. Our study demonstrated that analgesia regimen can affect metabolic parameters, thus, researchers should carefully consider the effects that analgesic drugs can have on mice when designing metabolic or behavioral experiments.
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40987462
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Methodological status quo is often closely guarded in animal research because changes are seen as a threat to approaches that have proven successful. Current practices are often considered within the group as "best pract...Methodological status quo is often closely guarded in animal research because changes are seen as a threat to approaches that have proven successful. Current practices are often considered within the group as "best practice." Perioperative analgesia is an important consideration in humane animal research to prevent central sensitization and can contribute to the benefits of multimodal anesthesia, but many research groups do not provide preoperative analgesia to pregnant ewes. We conducted this study to challenge the belief that preoperative buprenorphine negatively impacts the recovery of the ewe and therefore fetal health. Pregnant ewes at approximately 85 days of gestation were divided into 2 groups (each n = 6) that all had the same hysterotomy and fetal catheterization surgery performed. The first group received buprenorphine (0.3 mg, SC) preoperatively, and the second group received the buprenorphine postoperatively. Isoflurane use, time to each step of the recovery process, intraoperative maternal plasma cortisol, and fetal arterial blood values after 4 days of recovery were compared between groups. Equivalence of outcomes between groups was assessed while controlling for potential confounding variables (maternal body weight and length of isoflurane) using 2 one-sided tests with regression adjustment. Average isoflurane concentration after induction, maternal cortisol levels, fetal blood pH, and fetal blood pO2 were equivalent between the groups. The time from cessation of isoflurane to the time of spontaneous breath or extubation and the time from extubation to time of eating or standing were all shorter in the preoperative buprenorphine group. Fetal hematocrit was also lower in the preoperative buprenorphine group. Our study not only refutes that preoperative buprenorphine causes prolonged recovery of the pregnant ewe and detrimental health effects to the fetus but also describes the benefits of preoperative buprenorphine.
Thi S, Hish G, Martin TL
… +2 more, Kong X, Lester PA
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40987461
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Rabbits are commonly used as surgical models, thus requiring analgesics for painful procedures and optimal animal welfare. Buprenorphine, a partial µ opioid, is commercially available in various concentrations and sustai...Rabbits are commonly used as surgical models, thus requiring analgesics for painful procedures and optimal animal welfare. Buprenorphine, a partial µ opioid, is commercially available in various concentrations and sustained-release formulations and has historically been used as an analgesic in rabbits. A topical long-acting buprenorphine formulation (Zorbium, Bup-TP) has been approved for analgesic use in cats but has not yet been evaluated in rabbits. The present study evaluated the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of Bup-TP in New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Healthy adult male (n = 4) and female (n = 4) New Zealand white rabbits were used in a randomized crossover design and received a single high (7 mg/kg) and low (3 mg/kg) dose of Bup-TP. In this study, Bup-TP achieved a plasma blood concentration >0.25 ng/mL starting at 0.5 hours after dosing that was maintained up to 72 hours after dosing in adult New Zealand white rabbits. Compared with baseline, fecal and urinary output were reduced for an average of 3.5 days after dosing; food consumption was reduced for an average of 10 days after dosing. All resolved with time and supportive care. No lesions were grossly visible on any rabbit at site of application. Bup-TP may be an effective, long-lasting, and noninvasive method of providing analgesia in rabbits. Future study is recommended to optimize dosing and procedural analgesic efficacy.
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40987460
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Osteoarthritis is the leading cause of disability in the United States and affects approximately half of adults over the age of 65. Many osteoarthritis patients take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on a lon...Osteoarthritis is the leading cause of disability in the United States and affects approximately half of adults over the age of 65. Many osteoarthritis patients take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on a long-term basis, often concurrently with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), such as omeprazole, to prevent gastric ulceration. Mice (Mus musculus) are a commonly used animal model of osteoarthritis. There are little data regarding long-term administration of NSAIDs or coadministration of PPIs and NSAIDs in mice. This study sought to determine if administration of carprofen, a commonly used veterinary NSAID, has adverse effects when administered for 21 days and if coadministration of omeprazole reduces the incidence of adverse effects. Four groups of C57BL/6J male (n = 5/group) and female (n = 5/group) mice were weighed daily and administered 10 mg/kg carprofen and 8.2 mg/kg omeprazole, 10 mg/kg carprofen, 8.2 mg/kg omeprazole, or control suspension once daily by oral gavage for 21 days. All mice were euthanized, and complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry, fecal occult blood, and pyloric histopathology and gastritis scoring were conducted. All animals remained clinically healthy for the duration of the study. White blood cell counts (WBCs) and platelets were significantly lower in the carprofen and omeprazole group. Neutrophil counts were significantly lower in the carprofen and omeprazole and the carprofen groups. Compared with the control group, albumin was significantly higher in the carprofen group. Fecal occult blood tests were negative for all animals. No animals had pyloric mucosal ulceration, and gastritis scores were not significantly different between groups. Body weight significantly decreased for all groups over time, with no significant differences among treatment groups. Carprofen and omeprazole may be safely administered to C57BL/6J mice for 21 days but may induce significant changes in CBC and serum chemistry.
Michelson A, Cheleuitte-Nieves C, Nickerson K
… +5 more, Dobtsis I, Miranda IC, Ricart Arbona RJ, Wipf J, Lipman NS
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40987459
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Nude mice were inoculated with a nonpathogenic Corynebacterium bovis isolate (NPI) or Corynebacterium amycolatum to assess whether either could prevent skin lesions following inoculation with a pathogenic C. bovis isolat...Nude mice were inoculated with a nonpathogenic Corynebacterium bovis isolate (NPI) or Corynebacterium amycolatum to assess whether either could prevent skin lesions following inoculation with a pathogenic C. bovis isolate (PI). Crl:NU(NCr)-Foxn1nu mice (n = 6/group) were randomized into 6 groups: NPI (108 colony-forming units [CFU]); C. amycolatum (108 CFU); NPI or C. amycolatum followed 2 weeks later by PI (104 CFU); and negative and positive controls receiving sterile media or the PI (104 CFU), respectively. Colonization was assessed biweekly using isolate-specific PCR assays. Skin lesions were scored 0 to 5 daily for 4 or 6 weeks, at which point skin biopsies were collected, evaluated, and scored. No mice inoculated with the NPI and subsequently infected with the PI developed clinical signs, nor was a significant amount of the PI detected by PCR. Mice inoculated with C. amycolatum before the PI developed milder, delayed skin lesions reaching a significantly lower mean peak clinical score (MPCS; 1.2 ± 0.4) as compared with the positive control (MPCS 2.5 ± 0.5). The C. amycolatum-inoculated mice with and without PI had similar total histopathology scores, both of which were significantly higher than those for the mice inoculated with the NPI followed by the PI. These results led to evaluation of a practical exposure strategy in which nude mice (n = 6/group) were housed on NPI seeded bedding (SB) for 3 or 7 days prior to PI administration; mice housed on C. bovis-free bedding served as controls. Only 1 of 12 mice housed on SB receiving the PI developed Corynebacterium-associated hyperkeratosis (peak score of 4), whereas all unvaccinated mice receiving the PI developed Corynebacterium-associated hyperkeratosis (MPCS 2.83 ± 0.69). The PI was not detected in the SB + PI groups until 21 days postinfection with the PI. There was no significant difference in total histopathology scores across groups, but the histopathology scores were lower in mice receiving the SB.
Killoran KE, Breed MW, Roelke-Parker ME
… +9 more, Carney S, Edmondson E, Thompson CD, Schiller JT, Henderson K, Woods CL, Albers TM, Starost MF, Kramer JA
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40987458
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The use of mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) to study infections, disease outcomes, and vaccine strategies in mice has greatly enhanced our understanding of human papillomavirus. However, as with other species-specific infec...The use of mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) to study infections, disease outcomes, and vaccine strategies in mice has greatly enhanced our understanding of human papillomavirus. However, as with other species-specific infectious agents used as models for human disease, such studies may pose a risk to facilities that house large numbers of the model agent's natural host, especially when the full natural history of the infection is uncertain. In this study, we describe our recent experience showing that containment of MmuPV1 can be difficult, and that its use in research facilities may cause unexpected, long-lasting environmental contamination. Following the identification of symptomatic index cases of MmuPV1 in nude mice, we identified widespread contamination of an ∼10,000 cage facility, including MmuPV1 infection in mice of varying strains and immunocompetencies. Concerningly, many years separated the experimental use of MmuPV1 in the facility and our subsequent identification of index cases. We report our methods to identify, survey, and eliminate MmuPV1 from the facility, and the evolution of decontamination procedures that proved successful.
Wilson RL, Dupont WD, Hunter CL
… +1 more, McKinney MM
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci
· 2025 Sep · PMID 40935383
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In laboratory mice, the 21-day weaning standard is the most commonly applied strategy across institutions. However, this strategy has numerous drawbacks, including potential for litter overlap, pup mortality, and weaning...In laboratory mice, the 21-day weaning standard is the most commonly applied strategy across institutions. However, this strategy has numerous drawbacks, including potential for litter overlap, pup mortality, and weaning extensions. In pursuit of a more objective marker for weaning, we compared the short-term growth of C57BL/6J mice weaned at 3 different body lengths. To recapitulate various weaning scenarios, mice (n = 90) were weaned at a litter average of 5.5, 6, or 6.5 cm. Body lengths and weights of mice were measured twice weekly from weaning to 10 weeks of age. Resulting growth curves revealed no significant differences in body length or body weight found across treatment groups. Although all groups achieved similar adult body length and body weight, unexpected mortality was experienced in the 5.5-cm group (n = 11). Multiple blinded observer comparisons did not result in significant inconsistencies in body length measurements. Our findings indicate that C57BL/6J mice can be safely weaned at an average minimum litter body length of 6 cm. This body length allows for normal physical development into adulthood without the requirement for additional nutritional support. Furthermore, the use of body length is a practical and reliable tool for personnel charged with determining weaning readiness in mice.
Felgenhauer JL, Copio JN, Suri AM
… +4 more, Turcios R, Ostdiek AM, Langan GP, Luchins KR
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci
· 2025 Mar · PMID 40931839
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The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides recommendations on sanitation frequencies for rodent caging equipment; however, it allows for performance standards to be used when extending this frequency f...The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides recommendations on sanitation frequencies for rodent caging equipment; however, it allows for performance standards to be used when extending this frequency for individually ventilated cage (IVC) caging. Our institution wanted to reexamine our current standards of care for mouse IVC caging, which includes a 14-d cage bottom and bedding change as well as the use of corncob bedding. This was driven by desire to reduce the stress to mice associated with cage change, and by recent literature showing a potential improved absorbency and multiple health and welfare benefits of paper pulp cellulose bedding products. Therefore, this study sought to compare the impact of different rodent bedding types (paper pulp cellulose and corncob) on mouse IVC microenvironmental parameters over a 14-d compared with a 21-d cage change frequency. Ammonia levels, temperature, humidity, urine latrine size, and the overall animal condition were assessed throughout the 21-d period. Our data indicate that IVC cage bottom and bedding change can be extended to 21 d for either paper pulp cellulose or corncob bedding based on ammonia levels, temperature, humidity, and the animal's overall condition. However, based on early cage change criteria, more frequent cage changes may be warranted before 21 d in cages with corncob, as there was a significantly increased urine latrine size in cages with corncob bedding compared with paper pulp cellulose bedding.
Tu-Wood ML, Hart ML, Livingston RS
… +2 more, Donovan KM, Hansen SA
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci
· 2025 Aug · PMID 40783181
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Use of soiled bedding sentinels (SBS) for rodent colony health monitoring is limited by inconsistent pathogen detection, reliance on live animals, high costs, and labor intensity. Sentinel-free soiled bedding (SFSB) offe...Use of soiled bedding sentinels (SBS) for rodent colony health monitoring is limited by inconsistent pathogen detection, reliance on live animals, high costs, and labor intensity. Sentinel-free soiled bedding (SFSB) offers a viable alternative for all rodent housing systems, overcoming limitations by using PCR testing of matrices exposed to soiled bedding. As an alternative, a matrix may be exposed to all cages via direct colony dredging (DCD). This study compared pathogen detection and costs between SFSB, DCD, and SBS for mice housed in individually-ventilated cage rack system cages. For each study rack, SFSB was performed with one matrix shaken in composite soiled bedding, while DCD was performed with a second matrix exposed to all soiled cages on the rack using a dredging method. We hypothesized that the SFSB and DCD matrices would detect Rodentibacter heylii, Rodentibacter pneumotropicus, Helicobacter typhlonius, Helicobacter mastomyrinus, Helicobacter hepaticus, Helicobacter bilis, Helicobacter rodentium, Helicobacter ganmani, and murine norovirus (MNV) with equal or superior efficacy to SBS, at a comparable or reduced program cost. All SBS failed to detect R. heylii, R. pneumotropicus, H. typhlonius, H. mastomyrinus, H. hepaticus, H. bilis, H. rodentium, and H. ganmani when tested by fecal PCR, and 25% failed to detect MNV when tested via serology. In contrast, SFSB and DCD matrices detected MNV, R. heylii, R. pneumotropicus, H. typhlonius, H. mastomyrinus, H. hepaticus, H. bilis, H. rodentium, and H. ganmani even with low pathogen prevalence, although neither method achieved 100% detection. DCD had negative ergonomic, workflow, and labor challenges compared with SFSB. Overall, SFSB and DCD had reduced costs and superior pathogen detection compared with SBS, while SFSB provided the most efficient and user-friendly approach for health monitoring by this institution.
Santos RV, Khatri A, Breyer KE
… +8 more, Bernal J, Franco J, Dhawan R, Balzer C, Bazile M, Hargaden M, Simkins M, Somananthan S
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci
· 2025 Aug · PMID 40783180
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The purpose of this study was to track seroconversion in a cohort of 12, pair-housed, macaques that were previously screened negative for adeno-associated virus-9 neutralizing antibody (AAV9-NAb). Over a 6-month period,...The purpose of this study was to track seroconversion in a cohort of 12, pair-housed, macaques that were previously screened negative for adeno-associated virus-9 neutralizing antibody (AAV9-NAb). Over a 6-month period, specific biosecurity strategies were implemented with the intention of understanding if following defined protocols could play a role in preservation of AAV9-NAb negative status. AAV9-NAb-negative animals were selected for shipment to the facility approximately 2 months after the initial screening. After arrival, animals were paired and housed in a single room with a dedicated housing corridor, cage wash, and equipment. They were then screened for AAV9-NAb status monthly by 2 different labs to confirm results and ascertain potential for variation of results. Upon initial screening at the facility (within one week of arrival), 2 of the 12 NHPs that were seronegative before shipment had seroconverted to AAV9-NAb positive status. The positive animals and their negative partners were moved to a different room but remained within the same isolated corridor with the same biosecurity practices. Serum that was taken on a monthly basis was also used to screen other AAVs. At the end of the 6-month period, AAV9 NAb status did not change from the time the animals were initially screened on site until the end of the study. Paired animals that were cohoused in the same cage with a positive partner did not seroconvert. Although a control group was not used to validate that biosecurity practices played a role in mitigating seroconversion, unpublished data from a facility employing less restricted biosecurity strategies suggest that the seroconversion process involves a more intricate process.
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci
· 2025 Aug · PMID 40783179
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of mortality in cats, yet no treatments currently exist to reverse or halt its progression. This lack of therapeutic options stems partly from a limited understanding of th...Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of mortality in cats, yet no treatments currently exist to reverse or halt its progression. This lack of therapeutic options stems partly from a limited understanding of the disease pathogenesis and the complexities of its heterogeneous nature. Experimental models of kidney disease are crucial for advancing research and improving treatment outcomes. These models facilitate the identification of biomarkers, elucidate disease mechanisms, and enable the testing of potential therapies. Several feline-specific models, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), remnant kidney (RK), and toxin-induced injury (TI), have been developed to study feline kidney disease. Each model has distinct advantages and limitations, making the careful selection of appropriate models critical for progressing research in feline nephrology. The IRI model mimics acute kidney injury that can progress to CKD, while the RK model induces CKD by partially removing kidney tissue, leading to glomerular hyperfiltration. The TI model, involving toxins like meloxicam, provides a simpler approach to studying kidney damage. Despite their utility, these models present challenges, including variability in outcomes, technical demands, and the need for refined methodologies. This review examines the strengths and weaknesses of these feline models and offers recommendations for researchers working to discover new biomarkers and develop effective treatments for CKD in cats.
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci
· 2025 Jul · PMID 40744452
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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of opioids on thermal threshold in rabbits. Eight healthy female New Zealand White rabbits randomly received each of 10 treatments at least 7 d apart. Treatments were morphine (1,...This study aimed to evaluate the effect of opioids on thermal threshold in rabbits. Eight healthy female New Zealand White rabbits randomly received each of 10 treatments at least 7 d apart. Treatments were morphine (1, 3, and 5 mg/kg), buprenorphine (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mg/kg), and 0.9% saline all in equivalent volume of saline administered subcutaneously. Sedation scores and thermal threshold were evaluated prior to and at 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 min after treatment by a blinded observer. Sedation was assessed using a scoring system from 0 (unconscious) to 4 (normal) plus an additional category of 5 for excited behavior or increased activity. Morphine, at all 3 doses tested, increased thermal excursion (thermal threshold minus skin temperature) with effects from 3 to 5 mg/kg lasting to the 240-min evaluation. All morphine doses produced some degree of sedation. Buprenorphine (0.1 mg/kg) increased thermal excursion at 60 and 120 min and produced mild sedation. Two, 6, and 7 of the 8 rabbits took 12 to 18 h to urinate after administration of buprenorphine at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively. Both saline and butorphanol had no effect on thermal threshold. Behavioral effects of butorphanol varied with some animals being sedated and some displaying heightened activity. Following butorphanol at 1.6 mg/kg, 5 of the 8 rabbits scored 5 at some time point. All rabbits had eaten and defecated within 12 h of all treatments.
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci
· 2025 Jun · PMID 40744448
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Campylobacter jejuni is a pathogenic bacterium commonly associated with enteritis and diarrhea in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). The standard therapy at the California National Primate Research Center is oral azithrom...Campylobacter jejuni is a pathogenic bacterium commonly associated with enteritis and diarrhea in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). The standard therapy at the California National Primate Research Center is oral azithromycin, a second-generation macrolide, given daily for 5 d. Oral treatment administration can be difficult with some animals. Poor oral compliance for antibiotics can result in treatment failure and potentially select for antibiotic resistance. Tulathromycin, a newer-generation macrolide, may offer an injectable alternative to azithromycin. The aim of the current study is to quantify the pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in plasma in rhesus macaques. Six rhesus macaques were each given a single 2.5 mg/kg dose SC of tulathromycin, and serial blood samples were collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 168 h, to quantify the concentration of tulathromycin in plasma over time. Results show that Cmax = 1,280 ± 395 ng/mL, Tmax = 1.25 ± 0.5 h, t1/2 = 77.2 ± 15.4 h, and AUC0-168 = 6,557.4 ± 875.4 h·ng/mL. There are no published Clinical and Laboratory Sciences Institute breakpoints for tulathromycin against C. jejuni, but based on an independently established minimum inhibitory concentration of 500 ng/mL, these data suggest that 2.5 mg/kg tulathromycin can be given subcutaneously to achieve potential therapeutic levels in rhesus macaques, possibly providing an alternative to oral azithromycin.
Swisher SD, Taetzsch SJ, Laughlin ME
… +6 more, Walker WL, Lehman KA, Carroll A, Bravo DM, Langer AJ, Pieracci EG
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci
· 2025 Jul · PMID 40744447
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Screening nonhuman primates (NHPs) for tuberculosis (TB) is important to protect the health of NHP colonies and people who interact with them. Screening is especially important for imported NHPs from countries where TB i...Screening nonhuman primates (NHPs) for tuberculosis (TB) is important to protect the health of NHP colonies and people who interact with them. Screening is especially important for imported NHPs from countries where TB is prevalent and biosecurity practices may be lax. There are a variety of testing methods available for TB screening and diagnosis in NHPs; all have limitations, and their performance in different settings is incompletely characterized. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collects TB testing results as part of its regulatory oversight of NHP importation. We collated the results of tuberculin skin tests (TSTs), interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs), multiplexed fluorometric immunoassay (MFIA), Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex PCR, staining for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), and culture of bacteria from tissues for imported NHPs in CDC-mandated quarantine during fiscal years 2021 to 2024. We used these data to assess test performance and intertest agreement for the different tests used. Among 107 imported NHPs tested, TST and IGRA were the most common antemortem tests performed, but they agreed poorly with each other and with culture. AFB staining and PCR exhibited moderate agreement and high positive predictive values using culture as the gold standard. The most commonly affected tissues were lungs and tracheobronchial lymph nodes, regardless of the Mycobacterium sp. identified. Further research is needed to identify and validate additional methods for TB testing in NHPs, particularly for antemortem screening. Tissue acid-fast staining and PCR exhibited high positive predictive values and could be useful to inform policies and clinical decisions about colony management and occupational health while awaiting culture results.