Current Drug Targets[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Therapeutic Aspects of Melatonin-sirtuin Crosstalk: An Updated Review of Current Data Based on Cellular Mechanisms.
Hosseinzadeh A, Seirafianpour F, Sheibani M … +4 more , Taheri M, Naeini AJ, Reiter RJ, Mehrzadi S
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 40375696 · Publisher ↗
Melatonin, a master regulator of circadian rhythms and diverse physiological processes, exhibits complex interactions with various molecules. Sirtuins, a family of histone deacetylases, are key players in aging, stress r...
Melatonin, a master regulator of circadian rhythms and diverse physiological processes, exhibits complex interactions with various molecules. Sirtuins, a family of histone deacetylases, are key players in aging, stress responses, and metabolism and represent a critical target for melatonin. This review explores the multifaceted functions of melatonin and sirtuins, delving into the molecular mechanisms of their interaction. We further examine the impact of this synergy on various pathologies across different organs. Studies suggest that melatonin modulates SIRT1 and SIRT3 signaling pathways, offering protection in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, skeletal, and pulmonary diseases, as well as renal and hepatic dysfunction. Additionally, melatonin-sirtuin interactions have been implicated in mitigating cancer development and promoting health in the female and male reproductive systems. Notably, the majority of studies across these systems demonstrate melatonin's ability to regulate SIRT1 and SIRT3 signaling, thereby alleviating associated pathologies. In conclusion, the intricate interplay between melatonin and, particularly, SIRT1 and SIRT3 emerges as a crucial modulator of diverse signaling pathways, with promising therapeutic implications for a wide range of diseases.
Recent Progression and Treatment Approaches for the Kidney Stone Management.
Sharma K, Nagpal R, Pandey L … +5 more , Mittal M, Sharma A, Lal Yadav R, Gupta GD, Sharma K
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 40353475 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Kidney stones have always been a significant matter in the healthcare sector worldwide, with a high prevalence rate, especially in women. Urolithiasis is the solid mineral deposits in the renal calyces and ki...
BACKGROUND: Kidney stones have always been a significant matter in the healthcare sector worldwide, with a high prevalence rate, especially in women. Urolithiasis is the solid mineral deposits in the renal calyces and kidney pelvis. Expounding upon the pathophysiology, various mechanisms such as supersaturation, crystallization, and aggregation are explored. Some new targets can potentially stop the disease's underlying cause that has been found. AIM: To compile the Recent Progression and treatment approaches for kidney stone management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using a comprehensive literature search on the roles of osteopontin, vitamin D, nephrocalcin, and other factors in kidney stone formation in Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, etc. OPN is a multifunctional protein that limits the formation of stones by participating in resorption. The other is the concentration of vitamin D, which raises calcium absorption and causes kidney stones to form. Further, the review encapsulates the spectrum of treatment approaches encompassing phytoconstituents, pharmacotherapy, and minimally invasive procedures, including surgical interventions. RESULTS: From the Phytochemical-based literature survey, Rubicodifolin, L-ascorbic acid, Thymoquinone, etc., show promising activity in managing kidney stone. Apart from that, we have found such data that has been published in reputed journals. This synthetic drug-based approach shows traditional drug-based targeting. Where Nifedipine, Chlorthalidone, Allopurinol, etc., were used for symptomatic relief. Peptide-based approach reveals that several peptides for the treatment of kidney stone, where Lumasiran, a phase III clinical trial peptide molecule, targets glycolate oxidase and reduces calcium oxalate crystal levels. CONCLUSION: To implement more effective treatments, it is necessary to identify and develop a targeted therapy for the druggable targets. Various such druggable targets have been reported such as osteopontin which has come out as a protein with various functions including involvement in the inhibition of crystal adherence to the renal epithelium. Another such target is vitamin D and nephrocalcin.
IL-17 Antagonists as a Promising Therapeutic Modality for Hidradenitis Suppurativa.
Krajewski PK, Szepietowski JC
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 40325540 · Publisher ↗
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Microwave-assisted Green Synthesis: An Approach for the Development of Anti-tubercular Agents.
Sahoo BM, Nandi P, Sahu DR … +4 more , Banik BK, Sharma S, Chandrasekaran B, Babu NR
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 40277051 · Publisher ↗
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs but can also spread to the brain and spine. The highly pathogenic bacteria that causes TB is called (Mtb). Usually, when an infected per...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs but can also spread to the brain and spine. The highly pathogenic bacteria that causes TB is called (Mtb). Usually, when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks, the disease spreads through the air. TB is treatable with antibiotics, but it requires a long course of treatment, usually 6 to 9 months to eliminate the bacteria and prevent drug resistance. Thus, developing novel anti-tubercular therapeutics with various structural classes is necessary to solve the problems brought on by strains that are resistant to several currently available therapies. Resistance to widely used anti-tubercular drugs is increasing daily. As a result, continuing medication therapy is necessary to stop more microbial infections. However, it leads to treatment resistance, which increases the likelihood that the disease may resurface in immune-compromised patients. Several anti-tubercular medications with various molecular structures show appropriate anti-tubercular action against strains that are drug-sensitive and drug-resistant. Compared to conventional synthetic methods, synthetic reactions can be carried out more effectively and selectively under simple reaction conditions by employing microwave radiation. Microwave- assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) is a useful method for increasing product yield and selectivity while accelerating the reaction rate for different types of organic synthesis. Several lead compounds with anti-tubercular properties that were synthesized using the microwave irradiation (MWI) approach are discussed in the current work.
Recent Advances in Understanding the Role of PEST Sequence- Containing Proteins in Retinal Neovascularization.
Du Y, Dang Y
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 40257031 · Publisher ↗
Recent studies have identified significant advancements in understanding the role of PEST sequence-containing proteins in retinal neovascularization. Retinal neovascularization, a critical pathological process, leads to...
Recent studies have identified significant advancements in understanding the role of PEST sequence-containing proteins in retinal neovascularization. Retinal neovascularization, a critical pathological process, leads to severe visual impairment associated with conditions such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, and neovascular age-related macular degeneration. These conditions represent the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Although initially effective, current anti-VEGF treatments can lose efficacy over time and impose a burden due to frequent administrations, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic targets. PEST sequences, characterized by proline, glutamic acid, serine, and threonine enrichment, are structural motifs within proteins that target them for rapid degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Beyond influencing protein degradation, PEST sequences are crucial in regulating angiogenesis and inflammation, essential factors in retinal disease progression. This review focuses on the dual regulatory roles of PEST sequences in VEGFR-2 degradation and stabilization, crucial receptors in angiogenic signaling, as well as their involvement in essential signaling pathways including Notch and JAK/STAT. These findings suggest that PEST sequences could serve as promising new therapeutic targets to control pathological neovascularization and associated inflammatory responses, paving the way for more effective treatments in retinal diseases. Furthermore, advances in gene editing technologies and innovative drug delivery systems enhance the potential for the development of PEST sequence-targeted therapies, offering promising avenues for future clinical applications.
Innovations in Antimalarial Drug Discovery: New Targets and Leads.
Jeena N, Panicker L, Khan IA
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 40257030 · Publisher ↗
Malaria control is severely hindered by a lack of effective treatment options and the rise of drug-resistant strains of the parasite. Despite the absence of a reliable vaccine, the therapeutic application of antimalarial...
Malaria control is severely hindered by a lack of effective treatment options and the rise of drug-resistant strains of the parasite. Despite the absence of a reliable vaccine, the therapeutic application of antimalarial drugs remains the primary strategy for controlling and preventing malaria. However, most existing antimalarial drugs target the blood stage of the parasite's lifecycle and may not effectively eliminate liver-stage parasites, limiting their efficacy in complete parasite clearance. The urgent need for novel antimalarial drugs with innovative mechanisms of action is critical to preventing a major public health crisis. Developing new antimalarial drugs involves both optimizing existing compounds and designing novel molecules that target unique biological pathways in Plasmodium. This review explores promising drug targets, including heme detoxification, food vacuole function, mitochondria, protein kinases, apicoplast pathways, nucleic acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, the electron transport chain (ETC), and PType ATPases. Lead candidates targeting these mechanisms are discussed, highlighting their potential as next-generation antimalarial agents. Additionally, we provide updates on clinically validated targets and the progress of antimalarial drug candidates in different stages of clinical development. Emerging therapeutic strategies focusing on malarial transporters, protein interaction networks, and substrate repertoires offer new avenues for drug discovery. A deeper understanding of these pathways can enhance drug efficacy, mitigate resistance, and support the development of long-lasting antimalarial therapies. This review aims to provide insights into the current landscape of antimalarial drug development and future directions for combating malaria.
Quorum Sensing and its Inhibition in : Molecular Targets and Mode of Action.
Kachhadiya DK, Georrge JJ
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 40248926 · Publisher ↗
Biofilms are complicated microbial communities attached to surfaces, bringing about serious clinical, industrial, and environmental issues due to their resistance to conventional antimicrobial treatments. One critical fa...
Biofilms are complicated microbial communities attached to surfaces, bringing about serious clinical, industrial, and environmental issues due to their resistance to conventional antimicrobial treatments. One critical factor of biofilm formation and persistence is quorum sensing - a mechanism that enables cell-to-cell communication and controls the gene expression pattern depending on the population density. It is based on the constant production, secretion, and response of small signalling molecules, termed auto-inducers. The main role of QS is the regulation of vital processes in the cell, such as biofilm formation and virulence factor production, which intensify pathogenicity, drug resistance, and toxin production. In this respect, interruption of QS can be a potential druggable target, and the discovery of QS-inhibiting agents as anti-virulence compounds may offer an alternative therapeutic approach to conventional antibiotics. Quorum sensing inhibition implies a novel strategy against microbial pathogenicity as it only reduces cell-to-cell communication pathways and thus attenuates various physiological responses coordinated by the QS mechanism. Hence, it qualifies as a suitable target for drug discovery. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Las, Rhl, Pqs, and Iqs quorum sensing cascades in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, elucidating their molecular targets and regulatory roles in virulence. Focusing on therapeutic potential, the review highlights recently identified QS inhibitors and their mechanisms of action, focusing on molecular targets within QS cascades. The review underscores the critical importance of identifying key molecular targets within QS cascades, as their precise knowledge enables the strategic design of inhibitors that disrupt bacterial communication. This work advances innovative therapeutic paradigms by identifying key QS targets, offering promising strategies to disrupt virulence pathways and combat P. aeruginosa infections.
Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Focusing on HIF-1α, Nrf2, STATs, and RORγt.
Prajapati P, Singh P, Doshi G
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 40247798 · Publisher ↗
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune condition marked by persistent inflammation and joint deterioration, affecting millions of people worldwide. The objective of many of the drugs being prescribed for treating R...
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune condition marked by persistent inflammation and joint deterioration, affecting millions of people worldwide. The objective of many of the drugs being prescribed for treating RA patients is to reduce inflammation and halt the progression of the disease. Additionally, several of these therapeutic options have disadvantages, namely the potential for illness recurrence and unfavorable side effects with prolonged usage. Due to these inefficiencies, treating RA now requires an entirely novel approach. In recent times, there has been a shift in emphasis towards directly targeting transcription factors (TFs) due to their crucial involvement in the progression of RA, triggering essential pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules, enzymes, chemokines, and cytokines. Considering this, researchers are investigating synthetic and natural compounds as potential options to target essential TFs and associated signaling pathways. This review focuses on the potential natural compounds and synthetic drugs to target four significant TFs, namely, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t, and signal transducer and activator and transcription, highlighting their contributions to revolutionizing RA treatment, thus aiming for more effective and safer therapeutic options. This review also offers an overview of the current status of various natural compounds and synthetic drugs under consideration for targeting the signaling pathways that trigger the activation of TFs.
Glutathione-responsive Nanoparticles for Optimized Cas9/sgRNA Gene Editing Delivery.
Hussain MS, Bisht AS, Ali H … +1 more , Gupta G
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 40231529 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
The Role of Glycolipids and their Toxicity in the Context of Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles: A Review of the Literature.
Li M, Peng W, Zhu S … +4 more , Chen X, Li L, Li X, Yuan C
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 40070069 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Diseases triggered by glucose and lipid metabolic disorders, such as hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, have become a global health threat. According to statistics, diabetic patients have exceeded 463 millio...
INTRODUCTION: Diseases triggered by glucose and lipid metabolic disorders, such as hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, have become a global health threat. According to statistics, diabetic patients have exceeded 463 million worldwide, and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia is also continuously rising. These glycolipid metabolic diseases not only significantly increase the risk of complications such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney disease but also impose a huge economic burden on the global healthcare system. Despite the continuous emergence of treatment methods for glucose and lipid metabolic diseases with the advancement of research technology, existing therapies still face many challenges. In recent years, the rapid development of nanotechnology has injected new vitality into the medical field. As an emerging research field, nanomedicine has attracted much attention for its application prospects in the treatment of glycolipid metabolic diseases. Nanotechnology is expected to provide more precise and efficient solutions for the treatment of these diseases, thereby reducing global health and economic pressures. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to comprehensively review the relationship between nanotechnology and glucose and lipid metabolism. METHODS: We have carried out a series of literature searches, focusing on glycolipid effects and toxicity of nano-materials. RESULTS: Nanoparticles as drug carriers or nanoparticles enhance bioavailability and activity. Nano-material-based optical reporters aid in detecting lysosome lipid content, facilitating treatment and drug development for glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. Additionally, nanomaterials find applications in glucose biofuel cells and microalgal lipid metabolism regulation. However, nanomaterials, such as polystyrene nanoplastics, may have toxic effects, inducing macrophage transformation and lipid accumulation in the liver. CONCLUSION: The development of nanotechnology is still in its infancy, and many disease-based studies are still in the stage of animal experiments and have not yet been applied in clinical practice. However, the universality and multilateralism of the use of nanotechnology give it excellent development prospects and also provide a research direction for medical research.
Fibroblast Growth Factors: Roles and Emerging Therapeutic Applications.
Ternier G, Shahzad K, Edirisinghe O … +6 more , Okoto P, Alraawi Z, Sonnaila S, Phan P, Adams PD, Thallapuranam SK
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 40051360 · Full text
Several fibroblast growth factors are expressed in the developmental stage, while others are present in adults. They are vital in maintaining cellular homeostasis and signaling important cellular functions, such as regen...
Several fibroblast growth factors are expressed in the developmental stage, while others are present in adults. They are vital in maintaining cellular homeostasis and signaling important cellular functions, such as regeneration and growth. Over the years, a spike of interest has been observed in clinical applications of the different members of this family, especially for their implications in glucose and lipid homeostasis, cancer, and regeneration. Yet, the extent of this vast family's roles in different cellular activities and their mechanism of action remain unclear. Furthermore, they are structurally unstable molecules, making clinical applications more difficult. This work reviews the mechanism of action of FGFs and offers valuable insights into their therapeutic potential.
Targets Involved in the Pharmacology of Bothrops Snakebite: and Future Perspectives.
Alves AEF, Formiga ALD, Uchoa AFC … +10 more , Cardoso ALMR, Rodrigues EOAL, de Araujo Pereira GM, de Padua Farias Bezerra Leite J, da Silva LFA, de Sousa NF, da Silva Sobral M, Scotti MT, Scotti L, Xavier Junior FH
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 40017248 · Publisher ↗
Despite their hazardous nature, snake venoms hold immense potential for the development of novel therapies. This summary delves into the key aspects of snake venom research, focusing on their significance as targets for...
Despite their hazardous nature, snake venoms hold immense potential for the development of novel therapies. This summary delves into the key aspects of snake venom research, focusing on their significance as targets for neutralization, their utility as novel drugs, the application of in silico studies, and future prospects with nanotechnology. Significance of Snake Venom: Snake venom harbors a rich diversity of toxic proteins with a wide range of biological activities. Its importance lies in the possibility of neutralizing its detrimental effects and exploring its therapeutic potential for diverse ailments. Venom Neutralization: The development of more effective and specific antivenoms is crucial for treating snakebites, particularly in regions with a high prevalence of accidents. Molecular-level venom studies are essential for identifying novel targets for the development of more efficacious antivenoms. Venom as a Source of Novel Drugs: Proteins present in snake venom exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, including antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties. Investigating these proteins can lead to the development of novel medications for various diseases. In silico Studies: Bioinformatics tools and molecular modelling can aid in the discovery of novel molecular targets in snake venom, accelerating the process of developing new drugs and therapies. Nanotechnology for Drug Delivery: Nanotechnology offers new possibilities for developing more efficient and targeted drug delivery systems, enhancing the safety and effectiveness of snake venom- based treatments. Snake venom research represents a promising area of inquiry with immense potential for the development of novel drugs and therapies. The integration of traditional and innovative techniques, such as studies and nanotechnology, can accelerate this process and contribute to the advancement of public health.
Unfurling the Potential of Antiviral Agents Aimed for RNA Virus Ailment.
Babbar R, Kaur J, Kaur K … +6 more , Swikriti, Vagh VD, Sachdeva M, Behl T, Gulati M, Gasmi A
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 39995122 · Publisher ↗
Globally, high mortality is brought on by RNA viruses, which are linked to chronic human disorders. Viruses dominate the WHO's current ranking of the top 10 global health hazards, especially RNA viruses. RNA viruses, lik...
Globally, high mortality is brought on by RNA viruses, which are linked to chronic human disorders. Viruses dominate the WHO's current ranking of the top 10 global health hazards, especially RNA viruses. RNA viruses, like HIV, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza, which are among the most prevalent and frequently encountered RNA viruses, use RNA as their genetic material, making them prone to quick changes. They adapt rapidly, complicating the body's immune responses. HIV, a significant retrovirus, infiltrates the immune system, causing AIDS by compromising defenses against infections. SARS-CoV-2, which led to COVID-19, sparked a worldwide pandemic with respiratory symptoms, emphasizing the need for research and therapeutic innovations. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the insufficiency of available resources in effectively addressing emerging viral infections. Influenza, a seasonal RNA virus, triggers flu outbreaks, impacting public health. Research is crucial to understanding how these viruses interact with hosts, aiding the development of effective treatments and strengthening our ability to face new viral threats. The most effective defenses against viral illnesses are virus-specific vaccinations and antiviral drugs. The present review emphasizes the prevalence of the three most pathogenic and widespread RNA viruses, namely HIV, influenza, and SARS-CoV2, their pathophysiology, and the current treatment with FDA-approved drugs. It also incorporates novel analogs that are under clinical trials as there is an urgent need for innovative antiviral medications, and enormous global efforts are required to find secure and efficient cures for these viral infections.
Proteases and Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review of Their Role in Bone Health.
Ahmad SS, Ahmed F, Ahmad S … +1 more , Khan MA
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 39957690 · Publisher ↗
Proteases, once thought to degrade proteins solely, are also recognized as key signaling molecules central to numerous physiological processes, including bone remodeling. Dysregulated protease contributes to various path...
Proteases, once thought to degrade proteins solely, are also recognized as key signaling molecules central to numerous physiological processes, including bone remodeling. Dysregulated protease contributes to various pathological diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, inflammation, osteoporosis, and neurological disorders. Protease targeting is now quite far along; some small molecules are already on the market, and others are in development. Despite drugs having been successfully developed to inhibit well-defined proteases, including angiotensin-converting enzyme and HIV protease, designing selective inhibitors for the newly identified protease targets is still difficult owing to problems like poor target selectivity. This review covers principles guiding the discovery of protease drugs with focus on recent approaches, including the use of allosteric sites. In bone remodeling, proteases are involved in the regulation of cell surface properties and extracellular matrix in the degradation process that is fundamental to bone mineral density and quality. In particular, cathepsins, dipeptidyl peptidases, and caspases have become attractive targets for the therapy of osteoporosis. Selective inhibitors are different from other drugs in the way that they selectively inhibit bone resorption processes and do not bear on osteoblast survival factors or bone formation. However, some inhibitors proved to be effective in increasing bone density in osteoporotic patients, but due to side effects, they were withdrawn, highlighting the necessity of selective inhibitors. Newer generations of selective allosteric inhibitors aiming at protease activity would be safer and give an unexplored therapeutic angle to tackle osteoporosis without interfering with other physiological processes.
Carbon Dots: Emerging Nanomaterials for Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.
Narayanan VA, Yamajala RBRD, Venkatesan J … +2 more , Pang MG, Gedda G
Curr Drug Targets · 2026 · PMID 39917941 · Publisher ↗
Delayed diagnosis and limited treatment options make ovarian cancer difficult to treat. This paper examines the growing role of Carbon Dots (CDs) in ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment. Photoluminescence and biocompat...
Delayed diagnosis and limited treatment options make ovarian cancer difficult to treat. This paper examines the growing role of Carbon Dots (CDs) in ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment. Photoluminescence and biocompatibility make CDs ideal for biomedical use. We emphasize their ability to improve fluorescence and molecular imaging in radiology and diagnostics. We also demonstrate the efficacy of carbon dots in targeted drug delivery systems in overcoming drug resistance and improving therapeutic outcomes. Photodynamic and photothermal therapies are used to show that CDs can treat hypoxic ovarian cancer tumours. We also discuss CD safety issues and constraints, emphasising the need for thorough assessments and fine-tuning. Future research focuses on personalised medicine and CD integration with other therapies. This text concludes by discussing CDs' clinical use and the challenges of production and regulatory approval. CDs can improve ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment, improving patient outcomes and survival.
Targeting Neurodegeneration: The Emerging Role of Hybrid Drugs.
Deb D, Dhanawat M, Bhushan B … +2 more , Pachuau L, Das N
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 39917940 · Publisher ↗
Neuron loss is the main feature of neurodegenerative diseases. The two most prevalent neurodegenerative illnesses are Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. While several medications are currently approved to treat neurod...
Neuron loss is the main feature of neurodegenerative diseases. The two most prevalent neurodegenerative illnesses are Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. While several medications are currently approved to treat neurodegenerative disorders, most of them only address the symptoms that are related to the disorders. Owing to their severity and complex multifactorial pathophysiology, the approved medications currently in clinical use have not demonstrated sufficient efficacy and have limited therapeutic options. Enhancing medicine quality can be achieved using highly efficient conjugate chemistry methods, necessitating ongoing discovery efforts on hybrid drugs in academia and industry. The present review illustrates hybrid compounds and the design strategies that helped to create them. Developing multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) is a more advantageous and sensible strategy for treating long-term complex illnesses like neurodegenerative diseases. Compared to classic treatments, hybrid drugs can deliver combination therapies in a single multifunctional agent, making them more potent and specific. Three main objectives are being initiated by using hybridization techniques in drug design: (i) increasing selectivity, (ii) improving activity, and (iii) reducing toxicity. The development of hybrid medications may offer a valuable method for producing compounds that are less likely to develop resistance and more likely to be effective. Hybrid drugs hold great promise, but a few technical and regulatory obstacles must be overcome before they can be successfully used in clinical settings.
Assessing Anti-Acne Potentials , and Models: A Comprehensive Approach.
Goyal R, Kaur G, Malik DS … +4 more , Singh S, Dua K, Singh D, Singh TG
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 39886785 · Publisher ↗
Acne vulgaris is the 8th most commonly prevailing skin disorder worldwide. Its pervasiveness has been predominant in juveniles, especially males, during adolescence and in females during adulthood. The lifestyle and nutr...
Acne vulgaris is the 8th most commonly prevailing skin disorder worldwide. Its pervasiveness has been predominant in juveniles, especially males, during adolescence and in females during adulthood. The lifestyle and nutrition adopted have been significantly reported to impact the occurrence and frequency of acne. It typically occurs over the regions of the forehead, upper chest, and back of the body, which are regions with high proportions of active sebaceous follicles. The market today is flooded with the pool of anti-acne medications (oral, topical/systemic) that contain either a single therapeutic agent or a blend targeting multiple pathological pathways. However, the clinical applicability of these preparations is limited due to formulation stability, drug penetrability, and targeting, the incidence of secondary effects, antibiotic resistance, etc. Moreover, the effectiveness of the former therapies varies as per the type and severity of acne. Therefore, it is necessary to extensively research skin physiology under normal and diseased conditions so that newer, safer, and more effective medications can be devised. Moreover, their safety and efficacy should be validated by employing various acne models, and their comparative profiling should be done with standard marketed anti-acne preparations. Acne models assist to uncover the complex disease pathogenesis and identify the potential targets for therapeutic interventions. This review is an attempt to highlight varied , and testing procedures done to assess drug efficacy, track disease progression, and compare test substances with existing treatments. By presenting a unified approach to acne modeling, this review will assist researchers in selecting the most appropriate model for their specific research goals, helping them to generate valuable and reproducible data to support the development of effective acne therapies.
From Structure to Function: Isatin Derivatives as a Promising Class of Antiviral Agents.
Jamwal A, Sharma S, Kapoor VK … +6 more , Chauhan R, Dua K, Dalwal V, Kumar A, Prasher P, Negi P
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 39878104 · Publisher ↗
A range of heterocyclic compounds, including Isatin (oneH-indole-2, 3-dione) and its by-products, have been shown to represent potential unit blocks in the synthesis of potential medicinal agents. Numerous studies have b...
A range of heterocyclic compounds, including Isatin (oneH-indole-2, 3-dione) and its by-products, have been shown to represent potential unit blocks in the synthesis of potential medicinal agents. Numerous studies have been carried out on isatin, its synthesis, biological uses, and its chemical composition since when it was discovered. Functionally, these isatin-containing heterocycles have demonstrated antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiviral, antitubercular, and anticancer properties, among many others. and efficaciousness of several Isatin moieties has been assessed in recent years based on their antimicrobial qualities. Isatin has shown great promise as a flexible heterocycle in the realm of drug development in recent years. Many viruses have caused extensive epidemics during the last 50 years, which have had detrimental effects on social, economic, and health conditions. The current unprecedented SARS-CoV-2 epidemic necessitates intensive research into the development of potent antiviral medications. It has been shown that Isatin, a flexible heterocycle, has a great deal of potential for drug development. Appropriately functionalized Isatin compounds have shown noteworthy and extensive antiviral activities throughout the last fifty years. The goal of this study is to gather all known data on Isatin derivatives' antiviral activity, emphasizing their structure-activity correlations as well as research on mechanistic and molecular modelling. We think that the scientific community will find this review to be a useful tool in the development of more efficient and powerful antiviral treatments based on Isatin scaffolds.
MT1JP: A Pivotal Tumor-Suppressing LncRNA and its Role in Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Potential.
He H, Yang J, Peng W … +5 more , Li M, Shuai M, Tan F, Cao Z, Yuan C
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 39844400 · Publisher ↗
Metallothionein 1J pseudogene (MT1JP) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that functions as a tumor suppressor in various malignancies. Reduced MT1JP expression is associated with increased tumor proliferation, migration,...
Metallothionein 1J pseudogene (MT1JP) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that functions as a tumor suppressor in various malignancies. Reduced MT1JP expression is associated with increased tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and treatment resistance in nine cancers, such as gastric cancer, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and breast cancer. Mechanistically, MT1JP acts as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate oncogenic microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-92a-3p, miR-214-3p, and miR-24-3p. This regulation restores tumor suppressor genes, such as FBXW7, RUNX3, and PTEN, thereby disrupting oncogenic pathways, including PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β- catenin, and p53, promoting apoptosis, and inhibiting tumor progression. Clinically, MT1JP expression correlates with tumor grade, differentiation, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and patient prognosis, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Furthermore, its therapeutic potential in RNA-based treatments has attracted significant attention. Despite these findings, questions remain regarding its role in epigenetic regulation, transcriptional control, and RNA delivery. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying MT1JP, highlighting its clinical relevance and potential as a therapeutic target. Future research should focus on elucidating its role in epigenetic regulation, overcoming challenges in therapeutic delivery, and validating its utility as a biomarker for different cancers. MT1JP holds promise for advancing precision oncology by providing innovative approaches for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
New Advances in Drug Research for Myopia Control in Adolescents.
Liu Y, Dang Y
Curr Drug Targets · 2025 · PMID 39838677 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Myopia is one of the most common eye diseases worldwide, with an increasing incidence observed in recent years. Globally, effective treatments for myopia have been extensively explored. In recent years, resea...
BACKGROUND: Myopia is one of the most common eye diseases worldwide, with an increasing incidence observed in recent years. Globally, effective treatments for myopia have been extensively explored. In recent years, research on drugs for the treatment of myopia has become a popular topic in ophthalmology, with some breakthroughs having been achieved. Compared with surgical treatment, drug treatment is easier for people to accept. Although the efficacy of some drugs in delaying the development of myopia has been confirmed, the mechanism and site of action of some drugs are still not completely clear. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we review the recent related research on drug therapy for myopia at home and abroad, describe the mechanism of various drugs in treating myopia, evaluate their clinical application value, and identify existing problems. RESULTS: These drugs include atropine, a series of anticholinergic drugs, dopamine agonists, 7- methylxanthine, and intraocular pressure-lowering drugs. CONCLUSION: Results highlight the efficacy of atropine in myopia treatment with minimal side effects. Anticholinergic medications, such as atropine, have demonstrated efficacy in managing the progression of myopia with a reduced incidence of adverse effects. The emphasis is placed on achieving better long-term effectiveness and minimizing the rebound effect after treatment is stopped. Furthermore, participating in outdoor activities and reducing eye strain are proven strategies for preventing myopia.
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